WO2006057236A1 - 基板処理方法および半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
基板処理方法および半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006057236A1 WO2006057236A1 PCT/JP2005/021424 JP2005021424W WO2006057236A1 WO 2006057236 A1 WO2006057236 A1 WO 2006057236A1 JP 2005021424 W JP2005021424 W JP 2005021424W WO 2006057236 A1 WO2006057236 A1 WO 2006057236A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- metal wiring
- substrate
- resist
- semiconductor device
- manufacturing
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76801—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
- H01L21/76822—Modification of the material of dielectric layers, e.g. grading, after-treatment to improve the stability of the layers, to increase their density etc.
- H01L21/76826—Modification of the material of dielectric layers, e.g. grading, after-treatment to improve the stability of the layers, to increase their density etc. by contacting the layer with gases, liquids or plasmas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76801—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
- H01L21/76802—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics
- H01L21/76807—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics for dual damascene structures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a substrate processing method and a semiconductor device manufacturing method.
- contact plugs for wiring connection and via wiring with Cu wiring are generally formed by forming a hole or groove in an interlayer insulating film and then embedding metal.
- a method of embedding Cu wiring is known as a damascene process (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-114368 (FIG. 11, etc.)). Therefore, a conventional method for forming wiring by a single damascene process will be described.
- an insulating film for preventing Cu diffusion which also has SiC and SiN forces, and an interlayer insulating film are deposited on the lower layer wiring.
- a resist pattern corresponding to the groove pattern formed in the interlayer insulating film is formed on the interlayer insulating film.
- the resist pattern is used as a mask, etching force is applied to the interlayer insulating film, and a trench pattern for wiring is formed in the interlayer insulating film.
- the Cu diffusion prevention insulating film has not been removed.
- the Cu diffusion prevention insulating film is etched to expose the lower layer wiring metal composed of Cu.
- cleaning is performed to remove residues remaining on the surface during etching of the Cu barrier insulating film, and the sputtering method, PVD method (Physical Vapor Deposition), or electroplating method is used to connect Noria metal and Cu. Are embedded in the groove pattern. Thereafter, excess Cu is removed and planarized to form a desired metal wiring.
- the resist stripping process is performed before the lower layer wiring metal such as Cu is exposed, and the resist stripping process causes damage such as oxidation of the lower layer wiring metal. It is prevented.
- the Cu diffusion preventing insulating film is exposed after being etched.
- the conventional damascene technology has the following problems.
- the Ar sputtering treatment causes damage by destroying the structure of the surface of the low dielectric constant insulating film exposed on the side wall, etc. Problems such as generation of particles, deterioration of adhesion, and deterioration of electrical characteristics as an insulating film occur.
- the force for performing the step of etching the diffusion preventing insulating film remains on the exposed surface.
- the cleaning chemical is also powerful. Therefore, the film shape can be changed by the cleaning process itself.
- a structural change due to a chemical reaction may occur, resulting in poor adhesion and electrical characteristics. Deterioration of the product causes two problems.
- the diffusion preventing insulating film is etched in the absence of the resist pattern, the shape of the formed hole or groove pattern can be deteriorated during the etching of the diffusion preventing insulating film.
- the shape accuracy of holes and grooves can be impaired.
- This problem of pattern degradation can also occur in the same way, for example, when a contact is formed on the gate electrode of a transistor, for example, only by a damascene process.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a substrate processing method capable of forming holes, grooves and the like with high accuracy without requiring a process capable of giving large damage such as Ar sputtering, and to provide a reliable process.
- a semiconductor device manufacturing method capable of manufacturing a high semiconductor device is provided.
- a connected portion connected to another part on the substrate to be processed, an etching target layer formed on the connected portion, and a pattern formed on the etching target layer are formed.
- the mask layer is removed and mixed into the connected portion using an etching process for exposing the connected portion by the concave portion and a plasma of a gas containing at least one of hydrogen, nitrogen, or oxygen. And a plasma processing step for removing impurities that have been removed.
- the impurities mixed in the connected portion are removed by the plasma processing step, so that a method involving a physical impact such as Ar sputtering is not required later.
- deposits such as Cu that can be scattered in the plasma treatment process can be easily removed by subsequent wet cleaning. Therefore, there is no obstacle to the adhesion with Noria metal. Further, the cleaning itself can be performed under mild conditions.
- the yield is low and the yield is high.
- a highly reliable multilayer wiring can be formed. Further, the total number of steps can be substantially reduced, which can contribute to a reduction in manufacturing cost.
- the connected portion is a metal wiring portion embedded in a wiring layer below the etching target layer.
- the connected portion is a source / drain region or a gate electrode of a transistor.
- the plasma processing step is performed while applying a bias voltage to a support on which the substrate to be processed is placed.
- the present invention includes a step of forming a lower layer metal wiring on a substrate, a step of forming an interlayer insulating film on the lower layer metal wiring, and a resist having an opening pattern on the interlayer insulating film. Etching, using the resist as a mask, forming a recess in the interlayer insulating film, exposing the lower layer metal wiring, removing the resist, and after removing the resist, Cleaning the surface;
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising:
- a desired semiconductor device can be manufactured without requiring a process involving physical impact such as Ar sputtering.
- deposits that can be scattered in the step of removing the resist can be easily removed by subsequent cleaning, so that the subsequent steps are not hindered.
- the cleaning itself can be performed under mild and powerful conditions.
- plasma of a gas containing at least one of hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen is used to remove the resist and mix with the lower metal wiring. Impurities that have been removed are also removed.
- the method further includes a step of recovering crystal defects of the lower layer metal wiring exposed in the recess after the step of cleaning the surface of the substrate.
- the step of recovering crystal defects in the lower metal wiring is performed at a temperature of 100 ° C. to 450 ° C. in a gas atmosphere containing at least one of hydrogen and nitrogen, for example.
- the method further includes a step of cleaning the surface of the lower layer metal wiring exposed in the recess after the step of recovering crystal defects of the lower layer metal wiring.
- the method further includes a step of forming a multilayer metal wiring by depositing a barrier metal layer and a conductor layer in the recess formed in the interlayer insulating film after the step of cleaning the surface of the lower metal wiring.
- the present invention provides a step of forming a lower layer metal wiring on a substrate, a step of forming an interlayer insulating film on the lower layer metal wiring, and a first resist having an opening pattern on the interlayer insulating film.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising: a step of removing the second resist; and a step of cleaning the surface of the substrate after the removal of the second resist.
- a desired semiconductor device can be manufactured without requiring a process involving physical impact such as Ar sputtering.
- deposits that can be scattered in the step of removing the resist can be easily removed by subsequent cleaning, so that the subsequent steps are not hindered.
- the cleaning itself can be performed under mild and powerful conditions.
- a plasma of a gas containing at least one of hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen is used.
- the resist is removed and impurities mixed in the lower metal wiring are also removed.
- the method further includes a step of recovering crystal defects of the lower layer metal wiring exposed in the second recess after the step of cleaning the surface of the substrate.
- the step of recovering the crystal defects of the lower layer metal wiring is performed at a temperature of 100 ° C. to 450 ° C. in an atmosphere of a gas containing at least one kind of hydrogen or nitrogen, for example.
- the method further includes a step of cleaning the surface of the lower layer metal wiring exposed in the second recess after the step of recovering crystal defects in the lower layer metal wiring. .
- the process of cleaning the surface of the lower metal wiring for example, an oxide film formed on the exposed surface of the lower metal wiring is reduced.
- the barrier metal layer and the conductor layer are stacked in the first recess and the second recess formed in the interlayer insulating film.
- the method further includes a step of stacking to form a multilayer metal wiring.
- the present invention provides a plasma supply source for generating plasma, a processing container for partitioning a processing chamber for performing plasma processing on the processing object by the plasma, and the processing target in the processing container.
- Claims 1 to Claims wherein a support for placing a processing body, an exhaust means for depressurizing the inside of the processing container, a gas supply means for supplying a gas into the processing container, and the claims. 5.
- a plasma processing apparatus comprising: a control unit that controls each of the components so that the substrate processing method according to any one of 4 is performed.
- a program for controlling the substrate processing method described in any one of claims 1 to 4 of the claims and a computer-readable recording medium including the program are also provided in the present invention. Are subject to protection.
- the present invention also provides a plasma processing apparatus that performs plasma processing on a substrate, a film forming apparatus that performs film forming processing on the substrate, and a resist coating process and a developing process on the substrate.
- Resist coating to be performed 'developing apparatus exposure apparatus for performing an exposure process on the substrate, heat treatment apparatus for performing a heat treatment on the substrate, a cleaning apparatus for performing a cleaning process on the substrate, and
- a polishing apparatus that performs a polishing process on the semiconductor device, and a control unit that controls each of the components so that the method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to any one of claims 5 to 18 is performed.
- This is a semiconductor device manufacturing system.
- a program for controlling the method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to any one of claims 5 to 18 of the claims and a computer-readable recording medium including the program are also provided. , Is subject to protection in this case.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a single damascene process.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a dual damascene process. It is a chart.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a processing system used for carrying out the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a plasma processing apparatus used for carrying out the present invention.
- FIG. 5A to FIG. 5F are schematic views of a wafer cross section for explaining the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A to FIG. 6H are schematic views of wafer cross sections for explaining a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7A to FIG. 7E are schematic views of wafer cross sections for explaining a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 1 shows an example of the processing flow of a single machine process.
- steps S 101 to S 111 are shown as typical steps of a single damascene process!
- Step S 101 Cu is buried in Step S 101 and an insulating film for preventing Cu diffusion is formed on the semiconductor substrate or the like in a state where the lower metal wiring is formed.
- step S102 an interlayer insulating film is formed on the Cu diffusion preventing insulating film.
- step S103 a resist pattern corresponding to the via and the groove is formed using, for example, a photolithography technique.
- step S 104 the resist pattern formed in step S 103 is used as a mask, the interlayer insulating film is etched, and a recess (opening) is formed. This etching process is performed until the Cu surface of the underlying metal wiring is exposed.
- a plasma processing apparatus as described later is used, plasma processing is performed under predetermined conditions, and resist removal (ashing) is performed.
- plasma acts on the exposed Cu surface, and also removes impurities such as C and F implanted in the Cu surface layer during the etching process of step S104. Is done.
- step S106 wet cleaning is performed to remove deposits on the substrate surface. At this time, Cu adhering to the side wall of the recess is also removed by the sputtering effect in the plasma treatment process of step S105.
- step S107 After cleaning, annealing (heat treatment) is performed in step S107. As a result, the crystal disorder (crystal defects) in the surface layer of the lower layer metal wiring generated in the plasma processing step of step S105 is recovered. Further, in step S108, prior to the formation of the rare metal, the oxide film formed on the surface of the lower metal wiring is reduced and cleaned. Note that step S107 and step S108 are optional steps performed as necessary.
- step S109 a noble metal is formed in the recess formed by the etching process in step S104.
- step S110 Cu as a conductor is embedded, and in step S111, planarization is performed by, for example, CMP (chemical mechanical polishing).
- FIG. 2 shows an example of the processing flow of the dual damascene process.
- steps S 101 to SI 11 are shown as representative steps of the dual damascene process!
- steps S201 to S203 and steps S212 to S214 are common to the single damascene process of FIG.
- step S204 the first resist pattern formed in step S203 is used as a mask to etch the interlayer insulating film, thereby forming a first recess (opening). This etching process is performed until the Cu surface of the underlying metal wiring is exposed.
- a plasma processing apparatus as described later is used, plasma processing is performed under predetermined conditions, and resist removal (ashing) is performed.
- plasma is applied to the exposed Cu surface, and impurities such as C and F implanted in the Cu surface layer during the etching in step S204 are also removed. .
- step S206 a second resist pattern corresponding to the via and the trench is formed by photolithography.
- step S207 the second resist pattern formed in step S206 is used as a mask to etch the interlayer insulating film, and the second resist pattern is etched. A recess (opening) is formed. Usually, the second recess is formed in a substantially T shape in cross section.
- step S208 plasma processing is performed using a plasma processing apparatus as described later, and the resist is stripped (ashed) under predetermined conditions. In this step S208, the plasma acts on the exposed Cu surface just by removing the resist, and impurities such as C and F implanted in the Cu surface layer during the etching in step S207 are also removed.
- step S209 wet cleaning is performed to remove deposits on the substrate surface.
- Cu or the like adhering to the side wall of the recess is also removed by the sputtering action in the second plasma processing in step S208.
- step S210 After the cleaning, annealing (heat treatment) is performed in step S210. This recovers the crystal disorder (crystal defects) in the surface layer of the lower metal wiring that has occurred in the plasma treatment process of step S205 and step S208. Further, in step S211, the oxide film formed on the surface of the lower metal wiring is reduced and cleaned prior to forming the rare metal. Note that step S210 and step S211 are optional steps performed as necessary.
- step S212 a rare metal is formed in the second recess formed as described above.
- step S213 Cu as a conductor is embedded, and in step S214, flattening is performed by CMP, for example.
- CMP flattening
- the present invention can be applied to a dual damascene process as well as a single damascene process.
- a damascene process for embedding a Cu film has been described as an example, but the present invention can also be applied to a process for embedding other metals such as an A1 film and a W film.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a semiconductor device manufacturing system 100 that can be suitably used for implementing the flow shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, for example.
- This semiconductor device manufacturing system 100 includes a plasma processing apparatus 101 that combines an etching apparatus that performs etching on a semiconductor substrate by plasma and an ashing apparatus that performs ashing on a semiconductor substrate, a sputtering method, a PVD method, a CVD method , Film deposition equipment for film deposition by electroplating method 102 And a resist coating and developing device 103 having a coater and a developer for performing resist coating and development in the photolithography process, an exposure device 104 for performing exposure processing in the photolithography process, and heat treatment (anneal and A processing section 110 having a heat treatment apparatus 105 for performing beta), a cleaning apparatus 106 for performing wet cleaning with a chemical solution, and a polishing apparatus 107 for performing CMP is provided.
- the semiconductor device manufacturing system 100 includes a main control unit 120 having a heat treatment
- each of the plasma processing apparatus 101, the film forming apparatus 102, the resist coating / developing apparatus 103, the exposure apparatus 104, the heat treatment apparatus 105, the cleaning apparatus 106, and the polishing apparatus 107 can use a known apparatus without particular limitation.
- each apparatus of the processing unit 110 does not necessarily mean a single apparatus.
- the film forming apparatus 102 may include a plurality of apparatuses such as a plasma CVD apparatus, a thermal CVD apparatus, a PVD apparatus, and an electroplating apparatus. .
- Each device of the processing unit 110 is connected to a process controller 111 having a CPU and is controlled by the process controller 111.
- the process controller 111 includes a keyboard for the process manager to input commands to manage each device in the processing unit 110, a display that visualizes and displays the operating status of each device in the processing unit 110, etc.
- a user interface 112 Including a user interface 112, a storage unit 113 in which a control program for realizing various processes executed by the processing unit 110 under the control of the process controller 111 and a recipe in which processing condition data is recorded, Is connected!
- an arbitrary recipe is called from the storage unit 113 and executed by the process controller 111 based on an instruction from the user interface 112 or the like.
- various desired processes are performed in the processing unit 110 under the control of the process controller 111.
- a recipe stored in a readable storage medium such as a CD-ROM, a hard disk, a flexible disk, or a nonvolatile memory is used. Alternatively, it can be used online between the devices of the processing unit 110 or from an external device via a dedicated line or the like.
- main control unit 120 the overall control by the main control unit 120 is not performed, so that the process controller and the user interface are overlapped with the overall control by the main control unit 120. It is possible to adopt a configuration in which a control unit including a storage unit and a storage unit is individually provided for each device of the processing unit 110.
- the present invention is characterized by a plasma processing step performed after the etching step in, for example, the flows of FIGS. 1 and 2. Therefore, in the following, the etching process and the plasma processing step will be described in detail together with the configuration of the plasma processing apparatus 101.
- FIG. 4 shows an etching process (eg, step S 104 in FIG. 1, step S 204, step S 207 in FIG. 2) and a plasma treatment process (eg, step S 105 in FIG. 1, step in FIG. 2) in the method of the present invention.
- 1 schematically shows an example of the configuration of a plasma processing apparatus that can be suitably used to implement S205 and step S208).
- This plasma processing apparatus 101 is a capacitively coupled parallel plate type plasma processing apparatus in which upper and lower parallel electrode plates face each other and a high frequency power source is connected to both.
- the plasma processing apparatus 101 has a chamber 12 formed into a cylindrical shape made of, for example, an aluminum sheet whose surface is anodized (anodized).
- the chamber 12 is grounded.
- a susceptor 5 having a silicon force is provided in a state of being supported by a susceptor support 4.
- a wafer W on which a predetermined film is formed is placed horizontally as a substrate to be processed.
- the susceptor 5 functions as a lower electrode and is connected to a no-pass filter (HPF) 6.
- HPF no-pass filter
- a temperature control medium chamber 7 is provided inside the susceptor support 4.
- a temperature control medium is introduced into the temperature control medium chamber 7 and circulated through the introduction pipe 8. Thereby, the susceptor 5 can be controlled to a desired temperature.
- the central portion of the upper surface of the susceptor 5 is formed in a convex disk shape, and an electrostatic chuck 11 having substantially the same shape as Ueno and W is provided on the upper surface.
- the electrostatic chuck 11 has a configuration in which an electrode 12 is interposed between insulating materials. For example, a DC voltage of 1.5 kV is applied to the electrode 12 from a DC power source 13 connected to the electrode 12. Thereby, the wafer W is electrostatically attracted by the Coulomb force.
- the insulating plate 3, the susceptor support 4, the susceptor 5, and the electrostatic chuck 11 are supplied with a heat transfer medium such as He gas on the back surface of the wafer W, which is the substrate to be processed, at a predetermined pressure (back).
- a gas passage 14 is formed to supply the gas at a gas channel. Heat is transferred between the susceptor 5 and the wafer W via this heat transfer medium. As a result, the wafer W is maintained at a predetermined temperature.
- An annular focus ring 15 is disposed around the upper peripheral edge of the susceptor 5 so as to surround the Ueno and W mounted on the electrostatic chuck 11.
- the focus ring 15 is a ceramic material or an insulating material such as quartz and acts to improve the uniformity of the plasma processing.
- An upper electrode 21 is provided above the susceptor 5 so as to face the susceptor 5 in parallel.
- the upper electrode 21 is supported on the upper portion of the chamber 12 through an insulating material 22.
- the upper electrode 21 is composed of an electrode plate 24 that forms a surface facing the susceptor 5 and has a large number of discharge holes 23, and an electrode support 25 that supports the electrode plate 24.
- the electrode plate 24 is made of, for example, an aluminum card.
- the electrode support 25 is made of a conductive material, for example, aluminum whose surface is anodized. The distance between the susceptor 5 and the upper electrode 21 can be adjusted.
- a gas inlet 26 is provided at the center of the electrode support 25 in the upper electrode 21.
- a gas supply pipe 27 is connected to the gas inlet 26.
- a processing gas supply source 30 is connected to the gas supply pipe 27 via a valve 28 and a mass flow controller 29. As a result, the processing gas for etching and resist stripping (ashing) is supplied from the processing gas supply source 30 to the gas inlet 26.
- FIG. 4 only one processing gas supply source 30 is shown as a representative, and a plurality of force processing gas supply sources 30 are usually provided.
- a plurality of types of gases are supplied into the chamber 12 while the flow rate is controlled independently.
- the etching gas for example, C F, C F, CF, CHF, CH F, CH F, etc.
- the gas for example, a gas containing hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen, specifically, CO, CO 2,
- a mixed gas or the like can be used.
- an exhaust pipe 31 is connected to the bottom of the chamber 12.
- Exhaust device 35 is connected.
- the exhaust device 35 includes a vacuum pump such as a turbo molecular pump. Thereby, the inside of the chamber 12 can be evacuated to a predetermined reduced pressure atmosphere, for example, a predetermined pressure of 1 Pa or less.
- a gate valve 32 is provided on the side wall of the chamber 12. With the gate valve 32 opened, the wafer W is transferred between adjacent load lock chambers (not shown).
- a first high frequency power supply 40 is connected to the upper electrode 21, and a matching unit 41 is provided on the power supply line. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a low pass filter (LPF) 42 is connected to the upper electrode 21.
- the first high frequency power supply 40 has a frequency in the range of 50 to 150 MHz. By applying such a high frequency to the upper electrode 21, it is possible to form a plasma in a preferable dissociated state and a high density in the chamber 12, and plasma processing under a low pressure condition is possible.
- the frequency of the first high frequency power supply 40 is particularly preferably 50 to 80 MHz. Typically, as shown in Fig. 4, a value of 60 MHz or its vicinity is adopted.
- a second high frequency power supply 50 is connected to the susceptor 5 as the lower electrode, and a matching unit 51 is provided on the power supply line.
- the second high frequency power supply 50 has a frequency in the range of several hundred kHz to several tens of MHz. By applying power in such a range of frequency to the lower electrode, an appropriate ion action can be given to the wafer W without damaging it.
- As the frequency of the second high frequency power supply 50 for example, a value such as 13.56 MHz or 800 KHz is adopted as shown in FIG.
- the etching process and the ashing process can be continuously performed on the wafer W.
- step S104 in FIG. 1, step S204 in FIG. 2, step S207 the gate valve 32 is opened, and the wafer W is loaded into the chamber 2 from a load lock chamber (not shown). Placed on the electrostatic chuck 11. Then, a DC voltage is applied from the DC power source 13, and the wafer W is electrostatically attracted onto the electrostatic chuck 11.
- the gate valve 32 is closed, and the inside of the chamber 12 is evacuated to a predetermined vacuum level by the exhaust device 35. Thereafter, the valve 28 is opened, and the processing gas supply source 30
- the CF 1S mass flow controller 29 can be used as a processing gas for etching.
- the wafer W While being adjusted to a constant flow rate, the wafer W is passed through the processing gas supply pipe 27, the gas inlet 26, the hollow portion of the upper electrode 21, and the discharge hole 23 of the electrode plate 24 as shown by the arrows in FIG. In contrast, it is discharged uniformly.
- the pressure in the chamber 12 is maintained at a predetermined pressure.
- predetermined high frequency power is applied from the first high frequency power supply 40 to the upper electrode 21 and from the second high frequency power supply 50 to the susceptor 5 as the lower electrode.
- the processing gas is turned into plasma, and etching is performed based on the pattern formed on the wafer W.
- valve 28 is opened and the process gas is opened.
- the pressure in the chamber 12 is maintained at a predetermined pressure.
- predetermined high frequency power is applied from the first high frequency power supply 40 to the upper electrode 21 and from the second high frequency power supply 50 to the susceptor 5 as the lower electrode.
- the ashing gas is turned into plasma and the resist is peeled off.
- ions generated from the plasma are accelerated by a self-bias voltage generated by applying a high frequency power to the susceptor 5 and then bowed into the wafer W.
- the sputtering effect on the exposed surface of the underlying metal wiring is strengthened, and impurities such as C and F mixed in the metal during the etching process can be efficiently removed.
- the gas for ashing in addition to N and H described above, H is diluted with He, O and
- C and F incorporated in the metal are removed in the form of CH, CO, NF and HF.
- oxygen-containing gas it is preferable to use oxygen-containing gas when the processing speed of ashing is important. Yes.
- a gas containing oxygen it is necessary to use low-pressure and low-temperature treatment conditions so as not to oxidize the exposed metal film.
- 5A to 5F illustrate an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a single damascene process.
- an interlayer insulating film 202 such as Si02 and a wiring layer 203 made of HSQ (Hydrogen Silisesquioxane) or the like of a low dielectric constant film are laminated.
- a Cu lower wiring 205 is formed via a barrier metal 204 such as a TiN film.
- a Cu diffusion preventing insulating film 206 such as a silicon nitride film is formed on the wiring layer 203 that forms the upper layer wiring.
- an interlayer insulating film 207 is deposited on the Cu diffusion preventing insulating film 206.
- an FSG low dielectric constant FSG (SiO 2, SiO 2, fluorine added)
- the low dielectric constant interlayer film is a CDO (Carbon Doped Ox) in which carbon is added to SiO.
- SiO2 a hard mask for further processing is formed on the interlayer insulating film.
- a resist pattern 208 corresponding to a desired via pattern is formed on the interlayer insulating film 207.
- the resist pattern 208 can be formed by a photolithography technique using a resist coating / developing apparatus 103, an exposure apparatus 104, a heat treatment apparatus 105, and the like.
- the interlayer insulating film 207 is etched using the resist pattern 208 as a mask. Further, the Cu diffusion preventing insulating film 206 is also etched to form a recess 220. As a result, the lower layer wiring 205 is exposed. At this point, etching by-products exist as residues on the UE and W. These residues are It adheres to the side wall of the recess 220 constituting the nonturn and the exposed Cu surface. Also, impurities such as carbon and fluorine are mixed into the surface layer of Cu exposed by etching with a certain depth.
- This plasma treatment step can be performed using a treatment gas containing any element of hydrogen, nitrogen, or oxygen using, for example, the plasma treatment apparatus 101. Further, as described above, it is preferable that the plasma processing step be performed under a bias condition such that ions in the plasma composed of the processing gas are drawn onto the wafer W.
- the processing gas contains at least oxygen, it is important to select conditions of low pressure and low temperature so that the exposed Cu surface is not oxidized.
- the plasma treatment As described above, it is possible to remove impurities implanted into the Cu surface layer portion of the exposed lower layer wiring 205 at the same time as the resist pattern 208 is peeled off. At this time, the exposed Cu may be sputtered and adhere to the sidewalls, but these can be removed in a subsequent cleaning step.
- a cleaning step by wet cleaning is performed using the cleaning device 106.
- the wet cleaning can be performed under mild conditions. That is, it is not necessary to use a strong chemical solution. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the film shape from changing due to the cleaning process.
- the conventional cleaning process may cause a decrease in adhesion or electrical characteristics due to a structural change caused by a chemical reaction. Such a problem can be avoided.
- the type of chemical solution used in the cleaning process is not particularly limited.
- the annealing treatment can be performed using the heat treatment apparatus 105 in a gas atmosphere containing, for example, hydrogen or nitrogen at a temperature of 100 ° C. to 450 ° C.
- gases containing hydrogen and nitrogen include a mixed gas of N and H, NH, N
- the oxidized lower layer wiring 205 is returned to the Cu surface. It is preferable to prepare a clean Cu surface by applying the original treatment. At this time, the Cu surface of the lower layer wiring 205 has already been subjected to the oxidization of force impurities, so that it is not necessary to use a method involving physical impact like the Ar sputtering process in the prior art. That is, in the present embodiment, the shape of the formed via pattern is not deteriorated, and the exposed lower wiring 25 Cu is sputtered and reattached to the sidewall of the recess 220. It is possible to reduce the Cu in the underlying wiring 205.
- Methods for cleaning (reducing) the Cu surface of the lower layer wiring 205 include, for example, a reduction method in a high temperature of about 100 ° C to 450 ° C in an atmosphere of hydrogen or NH, NH, HF Etc.
- a method of reducing copper oxide by a chemical reaction of 3 3 can be used.
- a method that does not damage these films for example, a method that exposes them to a reducing atmosphere at a high temperature of about 100 ° C. to 400 ° C. He, H
- a barrier metal 209 is formed in the recess 220 as a via pattern by sputtering, PVD, electroplating, or the like using the film forming apparatus 102, and further, Cu film 210 is embedded.
- planarization by CMP is performed to form a multilayer wiring structure in which vias are formed.
- FIGS. 5A to 5F The embodiment shown in FIGS. 5A to 5F is an example in which a via is formed by a single damascene method. This is just one example of application of the present invention. The present invention is also applicable to the case where wiring is formed by a single damascene method. Further, the present invention can be similarly applied even when a hard mask is laminated on the interlayer insulating film 207. Furthermore, the present invention can be similarly applied even when a metal diffusion prevention layer is formed on the surface of the lower wiring 205 or when the Cu diffusion prevention insulating film 206 is not provided.
- 6A to 6H illustrate an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a dual damascene process. Note that the description common to the embodiment (single machine process) described with reference to FIGS. 5A to 5F is omitted as appropriate.
- an interlayer insulating film 202 and a wiring layer 203 are stacked on the Si substrate 201. It is.
- a lower layer wiring 205 of Cu is formed through a noria metal 204.
- a Cu diffusion preventing insulating film 206 is formed on the wiring layer 203 that forms the upper layer wiring. Then, an interlayer insulating film 207 is deposited on the Cu diffusion preventing insulating film 206.
- a resist pattern 208 corresponding to the via pattern is formed on the interlayer insulating film 207.
- the formation of the resist pattern 208 can be performed by a photolithography technique.
- the interlayer insulating film 207 is etched using the resist pattern 208 as a mask. Further, the Cu diffusion preventing insulating film 206 is also etched to form a recess 221. As a result, the lower layer wiring 205 is exposed. At this point, etching by-products exist as residues on the UE and W. These residues are attached to the side walls of the recesses 221 constituting the nonturn and the exposed Cu surface. In addition, impurities such as carbon and fluorine are mixed into the surface layer of Cu exposed by etching with a certain depth.
- This plasma treatment step can be performed using a treatment gas containing any element of hydrogen, nitrogen, or oxygen using, for example, the plasma treatment apparatus 101. Further, it is preferable that the plasma treatment step is performed under such a condition that ions in the plasma composed of the treatment gas are attracted onto Weno and W.
- the process gas contains at least oxygen, it is important to select conditions of low pressure and low temperature so that the exposed Cu surface is not oxidized. As a result, it is possible to remove the resist pattern 208 and simultaneously remove the impurities implanted in the exposed Cu surface layer of the lower layer wiring 205.
- a resist pattern 211 corresponding to a desired trench pattern is formed on the interlayer insulating film 207.
- a sacrificial film (not shown) having an inorganic material force such as Si—O may be embedded in the recess 221.
- an interlayer insulating film is formed by the next etching process.
- the bottom of a new recess 222 (described later) formed in 207 can be formed in a flat shape.
- the interlayer insulating film 207 is etched using the resist pattern 211 as a mask. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6F, a recess 222 is formed in the interlayer insulating film 207.
- the resist pattern 211 is removed.
- This step can be performed using a processing gas containing any element of hydrogen, nitrogen, or oxygen using the plasma processing apparatus 101, for example. Further, as described above, this step is preferably performed under the condition that the ion force S in the plasma is drawn onto the S wafer w.
- the processing gas contains at least oxygen
- the resist pattern 211 is peeled off, and at the same time, the impurities implanted in the Cu surface layer portion of the exposed lower layer wiring 205 can be removed.
- the exposed Cu may be sputtered and adhere to the sidewalls, but these can be removed in a subsequent cleaning step.
- a cleaning step such as wet cleaning is performed using the cleaning device 106.
- the Cu surface of the oxidized lower wiring 205 has already been subjected to the oxidization of force impurities, so that it is not necessary to use a method involving physical impact like the Ar sputtering process in the prior art. That is, in the present embodiment, the shape of the formed via pattern is not deteriorated, and the exposed lower wiring 25 Cu is sputtered and reattached to the sidewall of the recess 220. It is possible to reduce the Cu in the underlying wiring 205.
- a barrier metal 209 is formed in the concave portion 222 by sputtering, PVD, electroplating, or the like using the film forming apparatus 102, and further the Cu film 210 is filled. Embedded, planarized by CMP, and a multilayer wiring structure with upper wiring and vias formed It is formed.
- FIG. 6A to 6H The embodiment shown in Figs. 6A to 6H is only one application example of the present invention.
- the present invention is also applicable to the case where vias are formed after, for example, trench grooves are first formed by the dual damascene method.
- the present invention can be similarly applied even when a hard mask is laminated on the interlayer insulating film 207.
- the present invention can be similarly applied even when a metal diffusion preventing film is formed on the Cu surface of the lower layer wiring 205 or when the Cu diffusion preventing insulating film 206 is not provided.
- FIG. 7A to 7E show an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to gate electrode contact formation.
- a source 302 and a drain 303 are formed on a Si substrate 301. Furthermore, a gate insulating film 304 such as SiO and a gate electrode 3 such as polysilicon 3
- a silicon nitride film 306 is deposited on such a semiconductor substrate, and a silicon oxide film 307 is deposited thereon as an interlayer insulating film. Note that here, the source 302, the drain 303, and the gate electrode 305 force are connected portions.
- a resist pattern 308 corresponding to the contact hole is formed on the silicon oxide film 307.
- the silicon oxide film 307 and the silicon nitride film 306 are etched using the resist pattern 308 as a mask.
- a recess 320 and a recess 321 are formed, and the surface of the source 302 (which may be the drain 303; the same applies hereinafter) and the gate electrode 305 which are the diffusion regions of the transistor are exposed.
- etching by-products are present on the wafer W as residues. These residues adhere to the sidewalls of the recesses 320 and 321 constituting the pattern, the exposed surface of the source 302 (drain 303), and the surface of the gate electrode 305.
- impurities such as carbon and fluorine are mixed into the surface layer portion of the source 302 (drain 303) and the surface layer portion of the gate electrode 305 exposed by etching with a certain depth.
- the resist pattern 308 is peeled off.
- This plasma treatment can be performed using, for example, a processing gas containing any element of hydrogen, nitrogen, or oxygen using the plasma processing apparatus 101.
- the plasma processing step be performed under a bias condition in which ions in the plasma composed of the processing gas are drawn onto the wafer w.
- the low pressure and low temperature conditions may be selected so that the exposed surface of the source 302 (drain 303) and the surface of the gate electrode 305 are not oxidized. is necessary. This makes it possible to remove the resist pattern 308 and, at the same time, remove the impurities implanted into the exposed surface layer portion of the source 302 (drain 303) and the surface layer portion of the gate electrode 305.
- metal atoms and metal compounds formed on the exposed surface of the source 302 (drain 303) and the surface of the gate electrode 305 such as Si ⁇ Ti, TiSix, Co, CoSix, Ni ⁇ NiSix, W, WSi ⁇ WNx, Ta ⁇ TaNx, TaSixNy, etc.
- Force S The force that may be sputtered and adhere to the sidewalls of the recess 320 and the recess 321 can be removed in the subsequent cleaning step.
- a cleaning step such as wet cleaning is performed.
- annealing treatment can be performed in a gas atmosphere containing at least one of hydrogen and nitrogen, for example, at a temperature of 200 ° C. to 650 ° C.
- the annealing temperature is set based on conditions for sufficiently low resistance of silicide and metal deposited on the source 302 (drain 303) and the gate electrode 305 !.
- a metal 309 such as tungsten (W), for example, is buried in the formed contact hole (recessed portion 320, 321) to form a contact plug.
- the metal forming the contact plug is not limited to tungsten, but may be other metals.
- the plasma processing apparatus a capacitively coupled parallel plate type in which high frequency power is applied to the upper electrode 21 and the susceptor 5 as the lower electrode, respectively.
- a plasma processing apparatus in which high-frequency power is applied to only the upper electrode or only the lower electrode may be used.
- the plasma processing apparatus is not limited to a parallel plate type apparatus, for example, an inductive coupling plasma plasma processing apparatus, a planar antenna having a plurality of slots, particularly RLSA (Radial Line Slot Antenna).
- RLSA microwave plasma processing apparatus that can generate microwave plasma with high density and low electron temperature by introducing microwaves into the processing chamber using a radial line slot antenna).
- the etching process and the plasma process for removing the resist may be performed by different apparatuses using the same plasma processing apparatus 101.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Drying Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
- Cleaning Or Drying Semiconductors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-340998 | 2004-11-25 | ||
JP2004340998A JP2006156486A (ja) | 2004-11-25 | 2004-11-25 | 基板処理方法および半導体装置の製造方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006057236A1 true WO2006057236A1 (ja) | 2006-06-01 |
Family
ID=36497973
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/021424 WO2006057236A1 (ja) | 2004-11-25 | 2005-11-22 | 基板処理方法および半導体装置の製造方法 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2006156486A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200633133A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006057236A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2023123499A1 (zh) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-07-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | 芯片及其制备方法、电子设备 |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20090094368A (ko) * | 2006-12-11 | 2009-09-04 | 어플라이드 머티어리얼스, 인코포레이티드 | 건식 포토레지스트 스트립핑 프로세스 및 장치 |
US7942969B2 (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2011-05-17 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Substrate cleaning chamber and components |
JP5251033B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-14 | 2013-07-31 | ソニー株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP5343369B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-03 | 2013-11-13 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法、半導体製造装置及び記憶媒体 |
JP5342811B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-09 | 2013-11-13 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
KR101046335B1 (ko) | 2008-07-29 | 2011-07-05 | 피에스케이 주식회사 | 할로우 캐소드 플라즈마 발생방법 및 할로우 캐소드플라즈마를 이용한 대면적 기판 처리방법 |
JP5209075B2 (ja) * | 2010-05-21 | 2013-06-12 | 有限会社 ナプラ | 電子デバイス及びその製造方法 |
DE112015006381T5 (de) * | 2015-03-27 | 2017-12-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Halbleitereinheit und verfahren zur herstellung derselben |
JP2017059750A (ja) | 2015-09-18 | 2017-03-23 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 被処理体を処理する方法 |
US10297496B2 (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2019-05-21 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Method for processing target objection |
JP2018157188A (ja) | 2017-03-15 | 2018-10-04 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 被加工物を処理する方法 |
KR102599015B1 (ko) * | 2019-09-11 | 2023-11-06 | 주식회사 테스 | 기판 처리 방법 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH1116912A (ja) * | 1997-06-25 | 1999-01-22 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体集積回路装置の製造方法および半導体集積回路装置の製造装置 |
JP2000164703A (ja) * | 1998-11-26 | 2000-06-16 | Sharp Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP2000332112A (ja) * | 1999-03-29 | 2000-11-30 | Lsi Logic Corp | 集積回路構造の銅金属被覆上の一以上の低比誘電率絶縁層に形成される開口部のためのプラズマ洗浄方法 |
JP2003203974A (ja) * | 2002-01-10 | 2003-07-18 | Seiko Epson Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP2004186697A (ja) * | 2002-12-05 | 2004-07-02 | Texas Instruments Inc | 単一波状形状バイアあるいは溝空洞の形成方法および二重波状形状バイア空洞の形成方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2715869B2 (ja) * | 1993-11-25 | 1998-02-18 | 日本電気株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JPH11251294A (ja) * | 1998-02-27 | 1999-09-17 | Sony Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JPH11330046A (ja) * | 1998-05-08 | 1999-11-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法及び半導体装置 |
US6180518B1 (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2001-01-30 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method for forming vias in a low dielectric constant material |
-
2004
- 2004-11-25 JP JP2004340998A patent/JP2006156486A/ja active Pending
-
2005
- 2005-11-22 WO PCT/JP2005/021424 patent/WO2006057236A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-11-24 TW TW094141295A patent/TW200633133A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH1116912A (ja) * | 1997-06-25 | 1999-01-22 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体集積回路装置の製造方法および半導体集積回路装置の製造装置 |
JP2000164703A (ja) * | 1998-11-26 | 2000-06-16 | Sharp Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP2000332112A (ja) * | 1999-03-29 | 2000-11-30 | Lsi Logic Corp | 集積回路構造の銅金属被覆上の一以上の低比誘電率絶縁層に形成される開口部のためのプラズマ洗浄方法 |
JP2003203974A (ja) * | 2002-01-10 | 2003-07-18 | Seiko Epson Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP2004186697A (ja) * | 2002-12-05 | 2004-07-02 | Texas Instruments Inc | 単一波状形状バイアあるいは溝空洞の形成方法および二重波状形状バイア空洞の形成方法 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2023123499A1 (zh) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-07-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | 芯片及其制备方法、电子设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2006156486A (ja) | 2006-06-15 |
TW200633133A (en) | 2006-09-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2006057236A1 (ja) | 基板処理方法および半導体装置の製造方法 | |
TWI760555B (zh) | 蝕刻方法 | |
TWI458014B (zh) | 用以控制多層遮罩之圖案臨界尺寸與完整性的蝕刻製程 | |
US7344993B2 (en) | Low-pressure removal of photoresist and etch residue | |
US8383519B2 (en) | Etching method and recording medium | |
US6991739B2 (en) | Method of photoresist removal in the presence of a dielectric layer having a low k-value | |
TW201826386A (zh) | 用於高深寬比結構之移除方法 | |
TWI363255B (en) | Method for removing masking materials with reduced low-k dielectric material damage | |
US20060144817A1 (en) | Low-pressure removal of photoresist and etch residue | |
KR20020070255A (ko) | 플라즈마 에칭 챔버에 대한 다단계 세정 | |
JPH06177091A (ja) | 半導体装置の製造方法 | |
KR101540816B1 (ko) | 플라즈마 에칭 방법, 컴퓨터 기억 매체 및 플라즈마 에칭 장치 | |
JP4451934B2 (ja) | 導電層をエッチングする方法及び集積回路 | |
TW202004902A (zh) | 基板處理方法及基板處理裝置 | |
US20120009786A1 (en) | Plasma processing method and manufacturing method of semiconductor device | |
JP4849875B2 (ja) | プラズマエッチング方法 | |
US7569478B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for manufacturing semiconductor device, control program and computer storage medium | |
KR100867174B1 (ko) | 반도체 장치의 제조 방법, 반도체 장치의 제조 장치, 제어프로그램 및 컴퓨터 기억 매체 | |
JP4216922B2 (ja) | 酸化膜のエッチング方法 | |
JP5089871B2 (ja) | 半導体装置の製造方法 | |
JP2005353698A (ja) | エッチング方法 | |
JP2004327507A (ja) | 半導体装置の製造方法 | |
JP7220603B2 (ja) | 膜をエッチングする方法及びプラズマ処理装置 | |
KR20220011582A (ko) | 플라즈마 처리 방법 및 플라즈마 처리 장치 | |
TW202249058A (zh) | 選擇性阻障金屬蝕刻 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KN KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV LY MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 05809685 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |