WO2006057139A1 - 固体高分子型燃料電池 - Google Patents
固体高分子型燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006057139A1 WO2006057139A1 PCT/JP2005/020083 JP2005020083W WO2006057139A1 WO 2006057139 A1 WO2006057139 A1 WO 2006057139A1 JP 2005020083 W JP2005020083 W JP 2005020083W WO 2006057139 A1 WO2006057139 A1 WO 2006057139A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst layer
- fuel cell
- polymer electrolyte
- catalyst
- carbon support
- Prior art date
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 326
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 256
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 25
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 10
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- IXSUHTFXKKBBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-L azanide;platinum(2+);dinitrite Chemical compound [NH2-].[NH2-].[Pt+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O IXSUHTFXKKBBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-AKLPVKDBSA-N carbane Chemical compound [15CH4] VNWKTOKETHGBQD-AKLPVKDBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- GPWDPLKISXZVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclo[18]carbon Chemical compound C1#CC#CC#CC#CC#CC#CC#CC#CC#C1 GPWDPLKISXZVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002837 PtCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8828—Coating with slurry or ink
- H01M4/8835—Screen printing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- a fuel cell is a device that directly converts chemical energy contained in fuel into electrical energy without passing through thermal energy or mechanical energy, and is a next-generation power generator with high power generation efficiency. There are great expectations.
- a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell is configured as a complex cell in which a plurality of simplex cells (hereinafter also referred to as "unit cells"), which are basic units of power generation, are stacked.
- Each unit cell has a fuel (electric) electrode or positive electrode (hereinafter also referred to as “anode”) and an oxidant (electric) electrode or negative electrode (hereinafter referred to as “power”) on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the anode side separator or force that is configured as a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and has a gas flow channel and a cooling water flow channel on the outside of each of the anode and the force sword.
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- the anode has a catalyst layer outside the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and a fuel gas diffusion layer outside the catalyst layer.
- the force sword also has a catalyst layer on the outside of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and an oxidant gas diffusion layer on the outside thereof.
- a gaseous fuel containing hydrogen (hereinafter also referred to as “fuel gas”) is used as an anode, and a gaseous oxidant containing oxygen (hereinafter referred to as “oxidant gas”). )
- fuel gas a gaseous fuel containing hydrogen
- oxidant gas a gaseous oxidant containing oxygen
- This reaction involves the electromotive force required for the movement of electrons (e_), and can be extracted outside as electrical energy.
- the catalyst layer in each unit cell has water repellency by interposing an electrolyte (for example, PTTF) on a porous plate or a particulate carbon support on which a platinum catalyst is supported. And promotes drainage of produced water or condensed water.
- an electrolyte for example, PTTF
- a local battery upstream anode, downstream force sword
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane adjacent to the anode is deficient in downstream hydrogen ions.
- a hydrogen ion concentration gradient occurs, and the potential on the downstream side of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane decreases.
- the potential difference between the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the force sword side catalyst layer increases, and in the force sword side catalyst layer, the corrosion of the carbon support shown in equations (4) and (5) and the equation (6) Dissolution of the indicated Pt occurs.
- This phenomenon occurs not only when the fuel cell is started but also when it is stopped. Further, if the operation of starting and stopping the fuel cell is repeated, this phenomenon tends to further accelerate and the cell voltage decreases. The power generation performance could be reduced.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-26174 discloses a force sword catalyst layer in which the carbon support has a high graphite density and a specific surface area and bulk density within a specific range. Is disclosed.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-150944 discloses that the catalyst layer is divided into two layers, and the amount of platinum catalyst in the catalyst layer on the solid polymer electrolyte membrane side of the gas diffusion layer. An electrode with increased is disclosed.
- JP-A-6-103982 discloses that in a two-layered catalyst layer, the amount of platinum catalyst in the catalyst layer on the solid polymer electrolyte membrane side is increased more than that on the gas diffusion electrode side, Alternatively, a fuel cell with an increased amount of electrolyte is disclosed. Further, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- 11-312526 discloses that the particle size of the metal catalyst in the catalyst layer on the gas diffusion electrode side is larger than the particle size of the metal catalyst in the catalyst layer on the solid polymer electrolyte side of the two-layered catalyst layer.
- An electrode having a diameter larger than 1.5 times is also disclosed. Disclosure of the invention
- the corrosion resistance is improved, but the specific surface area of the carbon support tends to be reduced. From this fact, the catalyst supported on the carbon support can be reduced. Particles may aggregate to reduce the activity of the catalyst, and power generation performance may be reduced. [0020]
- the catalyst layer is formed by changing the supported amount or the particle size of the catalyst particles to be supported on the carbon support into two layers, the power generation characteristics are improved, but the catalyst layer on the solid polymer electrolyte membrane side is improved. In the gas diffusion layer side, the corrosion resistance of the carbon support in the two-layered catalyst layer, which is lower than that of the catalyst layer compared to the catalyst layer, varied.
- a solid polymer fuel cell according to the present invention includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, a catalyst layer disposed on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, The catalyst layer on the cathode side includes a gas diffusion layer disposed on the outside and a separator disposed on the outside of the gas diffusion layer.
- the average of the [002] plane on which the X-ray diffraction force is also calculated The lattice spacing d is 0.3
- crystallite size L is 3nm ⁇ 10nm and a carbon support comprising a carbon having a specific surface area of 200 m 2 / g ⁇ 30 0m 2 / g, platinum on a carbon support Catalyst particles and an electrolyte.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fuel cell stack including a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the fuel cell stack shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the unit cell shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged sectional view around the force sword shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the carbon support of the force sword catalyst layer shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a force sword catalyst layer according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a potential distribution in the vicinity of a force sword in a single cell when the fuel cell is started.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a force sword catalyst layer according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a potential distribution in a cross-sectional direction in the vicinity of a force sword during power generation by a fuel cell.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a force sword catalyst layer according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a membrane / electrode assembly according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the two-layered catalyst layer shown in FIG. [FIG. 13]
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the movement of plugs in a solid polymer electrolyte membrane when fuel gas (hydrogen gas) is introduced.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a potential distribution in a cross-sectional direction in the vicinity of force sword A in a region facing the vicinity of the upstream side of the fuel gas.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a membrane / electrode assembly according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining proton movement in a membrane electrode assembly during power generation of a fuel cell.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the potential distribution in the cross-sectional direction of the force sword vicinity B near the downstream of the oxidant gas when the fuel cell generates power.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fuel cell stack 100 including a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 schematically shows a partial cross section of the fuel cell stack 100.
- the fuel cell stack 100 is configured as a complex cell in which a plurality of unit cells 101 are stacked.
- the unit cell 101 includes an anode side separator 103 and a cathode side separator 104 on both sides of a membrane electrode assembly 102.
- the fuel cell stack 100 is configured by disposing end flanges 105a and 105b at both ends of a plurality of unit cells 101 that are stacked, and fastening the outer periphery with fastening bolts 106.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section of the unit cell 101.
- the unit cell 101 is configured as a membrane electrode assembly 110 in which an anode 108 and a force sword 109 are respectively disposed on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 107, and further on the anode side on the outside of the anode 108 and the force sword 109.
- a separator 103 and a force sword side separator 104 are provided.
- the anode 108 has a catalyst layer 111 on the outside of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 107 and a fuel gas diffusion layer 112 on the outside thereof.
- the force sword 109 also has a catalyst layer 113 outside the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 107 and a gas diffusion layer 114 outside the catalyst layer 113.
- FIG. 4 shows a partially enlarged cross section of the force sword 109 shown in FIG. Force sword 109 solid
- a force sword catalyst layer 113 and a gas diffusion layer 114 are formed from the polymer electrolyte membrane 107 side.
- the force sword catalyst layer 113 is formed by supporting a plurality of catalyst particles 115 containing platinum (Pt) or a platinum alloy on a carbon support 117 and bonding each carbon support 117 with an electrolyte 116. is doing.
- the carbon support 117 in the force sword catalyst layer 113 according to the embodiment of the present invention has an average lattice spacing d of [002] plane calculated by X-ray diffraction of 0.343 ⁇ ! ⁇ 0.358nm, crystallite size
- the average lattice spacing d of the [002] plane calculated from X-ray diffraction is 0.343 nm to 0.358 nm.
- the graphite support degree of the carbon support 117 is defined.
- the graphite support degree of the carbon support 117 increases (when the average lattice spacing d force of the [002] plane is less than 0.343 nm), Specific surface
- the crystallite size L of the carbon support 117 is reduced to 3 ⁇ ! This is because the strength of the crystallites of the carbon support 117 is less than L nm, because the graphitic degree is too low to provide the corrosion resistance of the carbon support 117.
- the crystallite size L exceeds 10 °, the degree of graphitization increases, the specific surface area of the carbon support 117 significantly decreases, the particle size increases due to aggregation of the catalyst particles 115, and the dispersibility of the catalyst particles 115 increases. This is because the oxygen reduction activity by the catalyst particles 115 decreases.
- a carbon support 117 that satisfies the above conditions, an average particle size of 12 nm to 25 nm, a bulk density of 0.09 g / cm 3 to 0.13 It is preferable to use carbon black having an electric resistivity of 0.27 ⁇ to 0.33 ⁇ cm.
- the average lattice spacing d of [002] plane is 0.343nm ⁇ 0.355nm
- Crystallite size L is 3Nm ⁇ 9nm, specific surface area of 200m 2 / g ⁇ 280m 2 / g, an average particle diameter of 16nm
- the electrical resistivity preferably be used Asechi Ren black 0.29 ⁇ 0.32 ⁇ ⁇ ,.
- the catalyst particles 115 are 30% to 70% in terms of mass with respect to the total amount of the carbon support 117 and the catalyst particles 115 present in the force sword catalyst layer 113. It is preferable to occupy a percentage of!
- Ratio of catalyst particles mass of catalyst particles ⁇ (mass of catalyst particles
- the specific surface area of carbon carriers 117 catalyst particles 115 thereon is preferably set to 60 m 2 / g ⁇ 200m 2 / g . This is because if the specific surface area of the carbon support 117 on which the catalyst particles 115 are supported is less than 60 m 2 / g, the active sites of the catalyst are reduced and the activity of the catalyst is reduced. Conversely, the catalyst particles 115 are supported. If the specific surface area force of the carbon support 117 exceeds 3 ⁇ 400 m 2 / g, the carbon support 117 cannot be covered with the electrolyte 116 and the amount of the catalyst particles 115 that are not used in the oxygen reduction reaction increases.
- the electrolyte 116 in the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 107 and the force sword catalyst layer 113 is made of a perfluorocarbon polymer having a sulfonic acid group.
- the force sword catalyst layer 113 preferably has an average thickness in the range of 6 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
- the carbon support 117 coated with the electrolyte 116 Oxygen gas does not diffuse into the supported catalyst particles 115, and water (product water, condensed water supplied for humidification) stays in the force sword catalyst layer 113, and the water stays in a high current density region.
- water product water, condensed water supplied for humidification
- the catalyst particles 11 5 with respect to the total mass of the electrolyte 116 in the force sword catalyst layer 113 and the carbon support 117 on which the catalyst particles 115 are supported is preferably present in a proportion of 50% to 80%.
- the carbon support 117 on which the catalyst particles 115 are supported is less than 50%, the activity of the catalyst decreases.
- the carbon support 117 on which the catalyst particles 115 are supported exceeds 80%, the amount of the electrolyte 116 is small. Too much, the carbon support 117 cannot be coated.
- the average thickness of the anode catalyst layer 111 is preferably in the range of 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the anode catalyst layer 111 exceeds 10 m, the amount of water staying in the anode catalyst layer 111 increases, and the amount of water that is back-diffused from the sword catalyst layer 113 through the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 107 (back diffusion).
- the amount of water retained in the force sword catalyst layer 113 is reduced, and the corrosion resistance of the carbon support 117 in the force sword catalyst layer 113 is reduced when the fuel cell is started and stopped.
- the contact time between the catalyst particles and the hydrogen gas cannot be secured, the hydrogen acid activity decreases, and the solid polymer electrolyte in contact with the anode catalyst layer 111 further decreases.
- the cycle of wetting and drying of the membrane 107 becomes frequent, the durability of the polymer electrolyte membrane 107 is reduced, and when the fuel cell is used for a long time, the power output obtained at the start of operation is greatly reduced. To do.
- the carbon support on which the catalyst particles are supported is 50% to the total mass of the total of the electrolyte and the carbon support on which the catalyst particles are supported. It is preferred to be present at a rate of 80%.
- the carbon support carrying the catalyst particles in the anode catalyst layer 111 is less than 50%, the activity of the catalyst decreases. Conversely, when the carbon support carrying the catalyst particles exceeds 80% by weight, The carbon support is not coated.
- Ya / Y c is less than 0.1, sufficient contact time between the catalyst particles and hydrogen gas cannot be obtained in the anode catalyst layer 111, and the hydrogen oxidation activity is reduced, or the solid contacted with the anode catalyst layer 111 is solid.
- the wet and dry cycles of the polymer electrolyte membrane 107 become frequent, and the durability of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 107 decreases.
- the average thickness of the anode catalyst layer 111 is made thinner than the average thickness of the force sword catalyst layer 113, when the anode is purged with air when the fuel cell is started and stopped, the amount of water in the cathode catalyst layer 113 is reduced. It turned out that it became easy to reduce and drying became easy.
- the catalyst particles in the anode catalyst layer 111 and the force sword catalyst layer 113 have power generation performance (anode hydrogen oxide activity and force sword oxygen reduction activity) and resistance (Pt and addition due to potential fluctuations).
- platinum (Pt) or platinum alloys containing platinum (Pt) are preferred metals in the platinum alloy include ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), para It is preferable to select medium strength of dimethyl (Pd), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni).
- the mixing ratio of platinum and metal in the platinum alloy is preferably 3/1 to 5/1 in terms of molar ratio (platinum Z metal) from the viewpoint of power generation performance and resistance.
- molar ratio platinum Z metal
- the reason for this is that when the molar ratio (platinum Z metal) exceeds 3/1, the solid solution of the metal added to platinum becomes insufficient, and the potential changes This is because the metal is eluted and the resistance is lowered. Conversely, if the molar ratio (platinum Z metal) is less than 5/1, the change in the potential state of platinum due to the added component becomes insufficient, and the activity of the catalyst does not improve.
- the carbon support contained in the anode catalyst layer 111 has a low crystallinity (amorphous), and the specific surface area is preferably 300 m 2 / g 1500 m 2 / g. In this way, when the hydrophilicity of the carbon support in the anode catalyst layer 111 is made higher than that of the carbon support 117 in the force sword catalyst layer 113, the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 107 side force with a large amount of water is low. It can promote migration (despreading).
- the obtained mixed slurry was dispersed by an ultrasonic homogenizer, and vacuum degassing was performed to prepare a catalyst slurry.
- the produced catalyst slurry was printed on one side of a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet by a screen printing method in an amount corresponding to a desired thickness and dried at 60 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the size of the anode catalyst layer, which was also produced by screen printing, was 5cm x 5cm.
- the coating layer on the polytetrafluoroethylene sheet was adjusted so that the amount of Pt was 0.2 mg / cm 2 (the average thickness of the anode catalyst layer was 6 ⁇ m).
- a highly crystalline carbon (Acetylene Black CA-20O, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) having a strength of 002 c .3 was prepared.
- the obtained mixed slurry was well dispersed by an ultrasonic homogenizer, and vacuum degassing was performed to prepare a catalyst slurry.
- the catalyst slurry was printed on one side of a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet by screen printing in an amount corresponding to the desired thickness, and dried at 60 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the size of the force sword catalyst layer for which the screen printing method was also manufactured was 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm.
- the coating layer on the polytetrafluoroethylene sheet was adjusted so that the amount of Pt was 0.4 mg / cm 2 (the average thickness of the force sword catalyst layer was 12 m).
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane (Nafion TM 111) is placed on the anode catalyst layer formed on the polytetrafluoroethylene sheet. And a force sword catalyst layer formed on the polytetrafluoroethylene sheet was stacked. Thereafter, hot pressing was performed at 130 ° C. and 2.0 MPa for 10 minutes, and then the polytetrafluoroethylene sheet was peeled off to obtain a membrane electrode assembly.
- the force sword catalyst layer transferred onto the solid polymer electrolyte membrane had a thickness of about 12 ⁇ m, the amount of Pt supported was 0.4 mg per apparent electrode area lcm 2 , and the electrode area was 25 cm 2 .
- the anode catalyst layer has a thickness of about 6 mu m, Pt support amount apparent electrode area lcm 2 per 0.2 mg, the electrode area 25c m Atsu 7 this.
- a carbon paper (size 6.0cm X 5.5cm, thickness 320 / zm) as a gas diffusion layer and a gas separator with a gas flow path are respectively disposed. Further, it was sandwiched between gold-plated stainless steel current collector plates to form unit cells for evaluation.
- Hydrogen gas was supplied as fuel to the anode side of the evaluation unit cell, and air was supplied as oxidant to the force sword side.
- the supply pressure was set to atmospheric pressure for both hydrogen gas and atmospheric gas, and the hydrogen gas temperature was set to 58.6 ° C, relative humidity 60%, air temperature 54.8 ° C, relative humidity 50%, and cell temperature 70 ° C.
- the hydrogen utilization rate was 67% and the air utilization rate was 40%. Under this condition, the cell voltage when power was generated at a current density of 1. OA / cm 2 was measured as the initial cell voltage.
- Example 2 a unit cell for evaluation was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the carbon support on which the catalyst particles in the force sword catalyst layer were supported was changed.
- the BET specific surface area is 264 m 2 / g
- the average lattice spacing d force is 0.355 nm
- a highly crystalline carbon (Acetylene Black CA-25 0, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) having 002 c force ⁇ .6 was prepared.
- Example 3 a unit cell for evaluation was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the carbon support on which the catalyst particles in the force sword catalyst layer were supported was changed.
- the BET specific surface area is 200 m 2 / g, average lattice spacing d force 0.343 nm, crystallite size L
- the obtained solid was dried under reduced pressure at 85 ° C for 12 hours, pulverized in a mortar, and Pt particles having an average particle size of 5.5 nm were supported on a carbon support with a Pt loading concentration of 50% by mass. did.
- MEA was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the carbon support of the force sword catalyst layer was changed to Ketjen Black TM EC Ketjen Black TM EC.
- Example 4 to Example 10 Comparative Example 2 to Comparative Example 3
- Examples 4 to 10 constitute MEAs in which the force sword catalyst layer 1 is made into two layers.
- Examples 4 to 6, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 correspond to the second embodiment described later
- Example 7 is the third embodiment
- Example 8 is the fourth embodiment
- Example 9 is the fifth. It corresponds to each embodiment. In either case, MEA was produced using the same method as in Example 1.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties of the force sword and the anode carbon support used in Examples and Comparative Examples, and Table 2 shows the evaluation results of power generation performance.
- Acetylene black (CP200) (second layer) 0.343 8.3 216 4.8 6.0 Ketjen black 800 2.6 6.0 Ketjen black (first layer)-Example 5-800 2.6 6.0 Ketjen black 800 2.6 6.0 Acetylene black (CP250) (first layer) (Double layer) 0.355 3.6 264 3.5 6.0 Ketzebu hook 800 2.6 6.0 Ketchin black (first layer)
- Example 9 ⁇ ⁇ 800 2.6 6.0 Ketjen black 800 2.6 6.0 Acetylene black (CP250) (second layer) 0.355 3.6 264 3.5 6.0 Ketjen black 800 2.6 6.0 Ketjen black (first layer)-Example 1 0 ⁇ 800 2.6 6.0 Ketjen Black 800 2.6 6.0 Graphitized Ketjen Black (Second Layer) 0.343 3.9 200 5.5 6.0 Ketjen Black 800 2.6 6.0 Comparative Example 1 Ketjen Black--800 2.6 6.0 Ketjen Black 800 2.6 12.0 Ketjen Black ( First layer)-Comparative example 2 ⁇ 800 2.6 6.0
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the catalyst layer 10 of the force sword.
- the force sword catalyst layer 10 has a two-layer structure of a first catalyst layer 12 and a second catalyst layer 13, and the first catalyst layer 12 is adjacent to the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 2.
- the first catalyst layer 12 is configured by interposing an electrolyte 16 on amorphous carbon 15 supporting platinum (Pt) particles 14, and the supported amount of Pt particles 14 is 0.2 mg / cm 2. It was.
- the supported amount of Pt particles means the supported amount of Pt particles per unit area.
- the second catalyst layer 13 is composed of highly crystalline carbon 18 supporting Pt particles 17 with electrolyte 19 interposed therebetween, and the supported amount of Pt particles 17 is 0.2 mg / cm 2. Same as layer 12.
- amorphous carbon 15 such as ketjen black and highly crystalline carbon 18 such as acetylene black and graphite ketjen black were used, but the carbon support is not limited to this combination.
- the carbon support of the second catalyst layer 13 has an oxidation (corrosion) potential as compared with the carbon support of the first catalyst layer 12, the corrosion resistance is excellent! /.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the potential distribution near the force sword 4 in the unit cell 1 when the fuel cell is started.
- protons (H +) also flow toward the cathode side of the anode side of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 2, and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 2 follows the proton (H +) flow.
- the electrolyte potential including the electrolytes 16 and 19 of the catalyst layers 12 and 13 is lowered.
- the electrolyte potential of the second catalyst layer 13 is lower than that of the first catalyst layer 12 of the power sword, but this phenomenon is not limited to the start-up of the fuel cell, and proton (H +) also has an anode force. Also occurs when moving toward a sword.
- the electrolyte potential force S of the second catalyst layer 13 is smaller than that of the first catalyst layer 12 where the electrode potentials of the first catalyst layer 12 and the second catalyst layer 13 are equal, so that each catalyst layer 12 As shown in Fig. 7, the voltage (potential difference) of V2 is larger than VI (voltage difference). Since the non-corrosion of the carbon support is likely to proceed particularly when exposed to a high voltage, the carbon support of the second catalyst layer 13 is more easily corroded than the first catalyst layer 12.
- the second catalyst layer is compared with the first catalyst layer using amorphous carbon. This increases the acid potential of the catalyst layer and improves the corrosion resistance of the entire force sword.
- the three-phase interface is more easily optimized and the voltage is higher than when a highly corrosion-resistant carbon support is used for both the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer. Can also be obtained.
- the force sword catalyst layer is divided into two layers, and the ion exchange capacity of the electrolyte of each catalyst layer is changed.
- the same reference numerals are used for the same parts as in FIG. The
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a force sword catalyst layer according to the third embodiment.
- the force sword catalyst layer 10 includes a first catalyst layer 12 and a second catalyst layer 13.
- the first catalyst layer 12 is formed by interposing an electrolyte A on amorphous carbon 21 supporting Pt particles 20, while the second catalyst layer 13 is a highly crystalline carbon (Pt particles 20 supporting ( (Graphite black ketjen black) 21 and electrolyte B.
- the ion exchange capacities (the amount of protons in the electrolyte) of electrolyte A and electrolyte B are 0.9 meq / g and 1.2 meq / g, respectively, and the ion exchange capacity of electrolyte B is larger than that of electrolyte A.
- the amount of Pt supported was 0.2 mg / cm 2 for the first catalyst layer 12 and the second catalyst layer 13.
- the electrolytic mass is defined with respect to the amount of Pt, but the electrolytic mass can also be defined with respect to the mass of the carrier.
- the ion exchange capacity of the electrolyte B in the second catalyst layer 13 is increased to the first. This is larger than the electrolyte A in the catalyst layer 12.
- Fig. 9 shows the potential distribution in the cross-sectional direction near the force sword 4 when the fuel cell is started.
- the electrolyte B is used for the second catalyst layer 13
- a decrease in the potential of the electrolyte can be suppressed as compared with the case where the electrolyte A is used (V2 ⁇ V2 ′).
- corrosion of the carbon support in the second catalyst layer 13 can be suppressed.
- by reducing the amount of electrolyte B mixed in the second catalyst layer flooding in the force sword 4, particularly the first catalyst layer 12, can be suppressed.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a force sword catalyst layer according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the force sword catalyst layer 10 includes a first catalyst layer 12 and a second catalyst layer 13.
- the first catalyst layer 12 was constituted by interposing an electrolyte 24 on amorphous carbon 23 supporting Pt—Co alloy particles 22, and the amount of Pt supported was 0.2 mg / cm 2 .
- the second catalyst layer 13 is formed by interposing an electrolyte 27 with a highly crystalline carbon (graphite ketjen black) 26 supporting Pt particles 25, and the amount of Pt supported is 0.3 mg / cm 2. The amount of Pt supported on the second catalyst layer 13 is increased compared to the first catalyst layer 12! /.
- the force catalyst particles mentioned in the example using Pt-Co alloy particles 22 and Pt particles 25 are not limited to this, and are compared with the catalyst particles in the first catalyst layer 12. It is better if the acid potential of the catalyst particles in the catalyst layer 13 of 2 is high.
- the potential distribution of the force sword catalyst layer is the same as that shown in FIG.
- the corrosion resistance in the second catalyst layer 13 is improved. To do. Further, if the amount of Pt supported on the second catalyst layer 13 is increased compared to the amount of Pt supported on the first catalyst layer 12, the corrosion resistance of the second catalyst layer 13 is improved.
- the present embodiment by changing the loading amount of the metal catalyst in the two-layered force sword catalyst layer, the voltage loss accompanying the decrease in the activity of the catalyst due to the oxidation of the metal catalyst is reduced, and the fuel cell The durability of is improved.
- a part of the force sword catalyst layer is divided into two layers.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the membrane electrode assembly according to the fifth embodiment.
- the fuel gas a and the oxidant gas b flow in opposite directions, and in a region facing the vicinity of the upstream side of the fuel gas a, a part of the force sword catalyst layer 10 is locally divided into two layers.
- FIG. 12 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the force sword catalyst layer 10 in the two-layered portion.
- the force sword catalyst layer 10 is composed of a first catalyst layer 12 and a second catalyst layer 13, and the length of the second catalyst layer 13 is shortened.
- the first catalyst layer 12 is formed by interposing the electrolyte 30 on the ketjen black 29 supporting the Pt particles 28, while the second catalyst layer 13 is formed on the acetylene black 31 supporting the Pt particles 28 by the electrolyte. It is formed with 32 interposed.
- Pt support The amount of the second catalyst layer 13 is larger than that of the first catalyst layer 12, and the average particle size of the Pt particles in the second catalyst layer 13 is larger than that of the Pt particles in the first catalyst layer 12. The diameter was reduced. For example, the average particle size of Pt particles in the first catalyst layer 12 was set to 2 nm to 3 nm, and the average particle size of Pt particles in the second catalyst layer was set to 3 nm to 5 nm.
- ketjen black 29 and acetylene black (CP-250) 31 were used.
- the combination of the carbon supports is not limited to this, and the carbon support in the first catalyst layer 12 is used. Compared to the above, it is sufficient that the carbon support in the second catalyst layer 13 has a high oxidation (corrosion) potential or corrosion resistance.
- the force showing the force sword catalyst layer 10 that is locally double-layered is shown in FIG. 11, the force showing the force sword catalyst layer 10 that is locally double-layered.
- the effect can be obtained even when all of the cathode catalyst layers 10 are double-layered.
- the oxidizing agent gas b flows opposite to the fuel gas a is shown.
- the flow of the oxidizing gas b may be in the same direction as the fuel gas a.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a potential distribution in the cross-sectional direction near the force sword A in the region facing the vicinity of the upstream side of the fuel gas a.
- the potential of the electrolyte is higher than that of the first electrode catalyst layer 12. 13 is lowered, and the second electrode catalyst layer 13 is easily oxidized and corroded. Therefore, compared with the first electrode catalyst layer 12, the carbon support in the second electrode catalyst layer 13 The corrosion resistance of the oxidant electrode 4 is improved by increasing the corrosion resistance, reducing the Pt particle size, and increasing the amount of Pt supported.
- the electrode catalyst layer of the oxidant electrode in the region facing the vicinity of the upstream side of the fuel gas is made into two layers, the high voltage generated by the introduction of hydrogen gas at the time of starting the fuel cell is used.
- this region is less susceptible to acid corrosion.
- the durability of the fuel cell is improved even when the fuel cell is repeatedly started and stopped.
- the sixth embodiment is an improvement of the membrane electrode assembly shown in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the membrane electrode assembly according to the sixth embodiment.
- the force sword catalyst layer 10 in the region facing the upstream side of the fuel gas a on the force sword 4 side and the region near the downstream side of the oxidant gas b were made into two layers.
- the oxidant gas b and the fuel gas a are introduced from opposite directions as viewed two-dimensionally.
- the flow of the oxidant gas b and the fuel gas a is not limited to this and is introduced.
- the force sword catalyst layer 10 may be made into two layers according to the flow directions of the oxidant gas b and the fuel gas a entering.
- the first catalyst layer 12 is formed by interposing an electrolyte A on a ketjen black carrying Pt particles, while the second catalyst layer 13 is made of graphite ketjen carrying Pt particles. Black is formed with electrolyte B interposed.
- the amount of Pt particles supported is greater in the second catalyst layer 13 than in the first catalyst layer 12, and the ion exchange capacity of the electrolyte (the amount of protons in the electrolyte, unit (meq / g) is higher than that of the electrolyte A.
- the ratio of the amount of Pt supported to the electrolytic mass is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this.
- the amount may be defined relative to the carrier weight.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the membrane electrode assembly, illustrating the movement of protons during power generation by the fuel cell.
- the proton migration distribution in the cross-sectional direction of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 2 is the same as the current density distribution.
- the current density distribution depends on the oxygen concentration, that is, the flow direction of the oxidant gas b, and the amount of proton movement on the upstream side of the oxidant gas b is larger than that on the downstream side of the oxidant gas b.
- the electrolyte potential distribution in the cross-sectional direction of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 2 is As with the amount of movement of the oxidant gas b, the upstream side force of the oxidant gas b decreases toward the downstream side of the oxidant gas b. Further, the potential of the oxidant gas b is not limited to the upstream side and the downstream side of the oxidant gas b where the movement of electrons is fast, and is constant. From these points, the voltage (potential difference) V2 on the downstream side of the oxidant gas b becomes larger than the voltage (potential difference) VI on the upstream side of the oxidant gas b.
- the power sword near the downstream of the oxidant gas b is exposed to an environment susceptible to acidification, but the catalyst layer 10 in the cathode near the oxidant gas b downstream is doubled, so the resistance of the power sword Corrosion is improved. Note that the deterioration at the time of startup of the fuel cell is the same as that described in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a potential distribution in the cross-sectional direction near the force sword B near the downstream of the oxidant gas b.
- the electrolyte potential distribution is generated according to the flow of protons, and the electrolyte potential is lower in the second catalyst layer 13 than in the first catalyst layer 12. Therefore, by increasing the ion exchange capacity of the electrolyte B of the second catalyst layer 13 compared to the electrolyte A of the first catalyst layer 12, the potential drop of the electrolyte is suppressed and the corrosion resistance of the force sword is reduced. Can be increased.
- the electrolyte B in the second catalyst layer 13 has a higher concentration than the electrolyte A in the first catalyst layer 12. Since the amount is reduced, flooding in the first catalyst layer 12 can be suppressed.
- the force sword catalyst layer is locally divided into two layers, so that the resistance of the force sword at the time of hydrogen gas introduction at the time of starting the fuel cell or at the time of power generation of the fuel cell is increased. Corrosion is enhanced and high potential state can be suppressed. As a result, a voltage cell due to flooding can be reduced, and a fuel cell with excellent power generation performance can be obtained.
- Pt particles are used as the catalyst particles.
- the catalyst particles are not limited to Pt, and Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au, and the like can also be used. .
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present invention prevents corrosion deterioration of the carbon support of the cathode catalyst layer at the start / stop of the fuel cell, and is stable and high even when operated for a long period of time. Output is obtained, and industrial applicability is high.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US11/791,679 US7901836B2 (en) | 2004-11-25 | 2005-11-01 | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
EP05800471A EP1830424A4 (en) | 2004-11-25 | 2005-11-01 | FUEL POLYMER TYPE FUEL CELL |
CA2591446A CA2591446C (en) | 2004-11-25 | 2005-11-01 | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
US13/020,998 US8329359B2 (en) | 2004-11-25 | 2011-02-04 | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
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US13/020,998 Division US8329359B2 (en) | 2004-11-25 | 2011-02-04 | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2591446C (en) | 2014-03-18 |
EP1830424A1 (en) | 2007-09-05 |
US8329359B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 |
US20110123899A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
JP2006179463A (ja) | 2006-07-06 |
JP5044920B2 (ja) | 2012-10-10 |
CA2591446A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
US7901836B2 (en) | 2011-03-08 |
EP1830424A4 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
US20070298304A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
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