WO2005078774A1 - 露光方法及び装置、並びにデバイス製造方法 - Google Patents
露光方法及び装置、並びにデバイス製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005078774A1 WO2005078774A1 PCT/JP2005/002011 JP2005002011W WO2005078774A1 WO 2005078774 A1 WO2005078774 A1 WO 2005078774A1 JP 2005002011 W JP2005002011 W JP 2005002011W WO 2005078774 A1 WO2005078774 A1 WO 2005078774A1
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- light
- exposure
- optical system
- projection optical
- irradiation
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
- G03F7/70858—Environment aspects, e.g. pressure of beam-path gas, temperature
- G03F7/70883—Environment aspects, e.g. pressure of beam-path gas, temperature of optical system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/70191—Optical correction elements, filters or phase plates for controlling intensity, wavelength, polarisation, phase or the like
Definitions
- the present invention uses an exposure technique used for transferring a mask pattern onto a substrate in a lithographic process for manufacturing various devices such as a semiconductor element or a liquid crystal display element, and uses the exposure technique.
- the present invention relates to device manufacturing technology, and more particularly, to an exposure technology using a technology for correcting an imaging characteristic.
- a pattern of a reticle (or a photomask or the like) as a mask is applied to a wafer (or a glass plate or the like) coated with a photoresist as a substrate via a projection optical system.
- a projection exposure apparatus such as a stepper is used to transfer the image onto each of the above shot areas.
- the imaging characteristics of a projection optical system gradually change depending on the irradiation amount of exposure light, changes in ambient pressure, and the like. Therefore, in order to always maintain the imaging characteristics in a desired state, the projection exposure apparatus corrects the imaging characteristics by controlling, for example, the position of some optical members constituting the projection optical system.
- An imaging characteristic correction mechanism is provided.
- the imaging characteristics that can be corrected by the conventional correction mechanism are low-order components of rotational symmetry such as distortion error and magnification error.
- V so-called annular illumination or quadrupole illumination (four regions on the pupil plane of the illumination optical system are used as secondary light sources). Illumination conditions that do not allow exposure light to pass through a region including the optical axis on the pupil plane of the illumination optical system, which is based on the illumination method), may be used. In this case, the optical member near the pupil plane in the projection optical system is illuminated with the exposure light in a substantially hollow state.
- a scanning exposure type projection exposure apparatus such as a scanning stepper is often used.
- the optical members in the projection optical system near the reticle and the wafer are mainly exposed in non-rotationally symmetric areas. Being illuminated by light. [0004] If the optical member is continuously irradiated with the hollow exposure light as in the former case, there is a possibility that fluctuation of higher-order components such as higher-order spherical aberration in the imaging characteristics of the projection optical system may occur. .
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-10-64790
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-50585
- a predetermined optical member is illuminated by exposure light with a hollow spot as in the case of conventionally using annular illumination or the like, or when an optical member such as a reticle is rectangular as in the case of scanning exposure.
- the reticle is illuminated to correct, for example, higher-order spherical aberration and non-rotationally symmetric aberration components.
- Dipole lighting (dipole lighting) is sometimes used. Since the dipole illumination has a larger non-rotationally symmetrical light distribution than the quadrupole illumination, astigmatism on the optical axis, which is a non-rotationally symmetric aberration component in the projected image (hereinafter referred to as “center ass”). Say) occur. The dipole illumination also causes non-rotationally symmetric aberration fluctuations other than the center.
- a rectangular shape on the reticle is used. Only the area at one end of the illumination area is illuminated with the exposure light.
- the optical components on the reticle side and the wafer side of the projection optical system have a larger light amount distribution of the exposure light and are non-rotationally symmetric, so that many non-rotationally symmetric aberration components are generated.
- the light amount distribution of the exposure light is large and non-rotationally symmetric in the optical members on the reticle side and the wafer side of the projection optical system.
- a rotationally symmetric aberration component is generated.
- illumination light for aberration correction that does not expose the photoresist is reticle-shaped in an optical path substantially parallel to the optical path of the exposure light, unlike the conventional example. Even if the light is irradiated, it is difficult to accurately irradiate a desired portion of the optical member, which greatly contributes to the generation of a non-rotationally symmetric aberration component, because the wavelengths of the illumination light and the exposure light are different. Was. Therefore, there was a possibility that non-rotationally symmetric aberration components could not be sufficiently corrected.
- the illumination light has a wavelength range in which absorption by the optical element is not so high.
- the photosensitivity to the photoresist tends to increase, so that it is difficult to increase the light intensity of the illuminating light, and from this point, there is fear that the non-rotationally symmetric aberration component cannot be sufficiently corrected. .
- the light amount distribution of the exposure light in the radial direction is small as in small ⁇ illumination (an illumination method in which a small area around the optical axis on the pupil plane of the illumination optical system is used as a secondary light source). Lighting conditions that vary widely may be used. Also in this case, for example, a change in the imaging characteristic that is difficult to be corrected by the conventional imaging characteristic correction mechanism, such as a high-order spherical aberration fluctuation, may occur. Therefore, some measures have been desired.
- the present invention provides a force in which the light amount distribution of an exposure beam passing through at least a part of the optical components of the mask and the projection optical system becomes non-rotationally symmetric, or largely fluctuates in a radial direction. It is a first object of the present invention to provide an exposure technique capable of efficiently controlling a non-rotationally symmetric component or a higher-order component of the imaging characteristics in such a case.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide an exposure technique and a device manufacturing technique capable of suppressing a change in the imaging characteristics in such a case.
- a first exposure method illuminates a first object (11) with an exposure beam (IL), and uses the exposure beam to pass through the first object and a second object via a projection optical system (14).
- a light beam (LBA, LBB) in a wavelength range different from that of the exposure beam is applied to the first object and at least a part (32) of the projection optical system. 44A, 44B) to correct the imaging characteristics of the projection optical system.
- the light beam is emitted in a radial direction on a pupil plane of an illumination optical system such as a non-rotational symmetric illumination condition such as dipole illumination or a small ⁇ illumination.
- an illumination optical system such as a non-rotational symmetric illumination condition such as dipole illumination or a small ⁇ illumination.
- the first object is illuminated under illumination conditions in which the quantity distribution changes greatly, and non-rotationally symmetric aberrations or rotationally symmetric higher-order aberrations are generated.
- the light beam is partially transmitted through a spatial waveguide mechanism to a predetermined member which greatly affects aberration by heat absorption. By irradiating the member and heating the member, the aberration can be efficiently controlled.
- the wavelength range of the light beam is easily absorbed by the member to be heated, and the light beam is irradiated in a direction obliquely intersecting the optical axis of the exposure beam as the wavelength range. By doing so, it is possible to efficiently heat only those members that do not expose the second object
- one example of the spatial waveguide mechanism includes a hollow waveguide made of glass, ceramics, or metal. Since the waveguide can be bent with a certain radius of curvature that does not significantly reduce the transmission efficiency, the first object or its projection can be obtained by using the waveguide as the light beam emission part. A desired irradiation position of an arbitrary optical member in the optical system can be easily partially irradiated with the light beam.
- the first object (11) is illuminated with the exposure beam (IL), and the exposure beam passes through the first object and the projection optical system (14).
- a polarization state control of a light beam (LBA, LBB) in a wavelength range different from that of the exposure beam is applied to the first object and at least a part (32) of the projection optical system. Irradiation is performed in a predetermined polarization state via the mechanisms (51A, 51B) to correct the imaging characteristics of the projection optical system.
- the light beam is partially radiated to a predetermined member, which has a large effect on aberration by heat absorption, through the polarization state control mechanism in a polarization state that is easily absorbed by the member.
- a predetermined member which has a large effect on aberration by heat absorption
- the polarization state control mechanism in a polarization state that is easily absorbed by the member.
- one example of the polarization state control mechanism includes a phase plate.
- a phase plate By using a phase plate, a desired polarization state can be obtained with a simple configuration.
- As the phase plate a 1Z4 wavelength plate, a 1Z2 wavelength plate, or the like can be used.
- the first object (11) is illuminated with the exposure beam (IL), and the second object is irradiated with the exposure beam via the first object and the projection optical system (14).
- a light beam (LBA, LBB) in a wavelength range different from that of the exposure beam is applied to the first object and at least a part of the projection optical system by a light guide (72A, 72B, 75B) and irradiate with a predetermined polarization state via the polarization state control mechanism (74A, 74B) to correct the imaging characteristics of the projection optical system.
- a predetermined member that has a large effect on aberrations due to heat absorption is partially irradiated with the light beam via the light guide, and the member is heated, whereby the non-rotational member is heated.
- Symmetric aberration or rotationally symmetric higher-order aberration can be efficiently controlled.
- the light guide by using the light guide, the light beam can be easily guided to a desired heating position.
- the polarization state control mechanism can set the desired polarization state, so that the light beam is easily absorbed by the member! Irradiation can be performed in a polarized state.
- an example of the light guide is a hollow fiber
- an example of the polarization control mechanism is a polarizing plate.
- the light beam is, for example, an RF pumped waveguide type CO laser.
- the optical member can be partially and efficiently heated.
- the non-rotation of the projection optical system caused by the irradiation of the exposure beam is performed. Even if the light beam is irradiated so as to correct symmetric aberration Good. Thereby, the non-rotationally symmetric aberration can be suppressed.
- the amount of non-rotationally symmetric aberration may be calculated based on the irradiation amount of the exposure beam, and the first light beam may be irradiated based on the calculation result. Thereby, the irradiation amount of the light beam can be controlled.
- the device manufacturing method according to the present invention is a device manufacturing method including a lithographic process, and the pattern (11) is transferred to the photoreceptor (18) using the exposure method of the present invention in the lithographic process. To do.
- the imaging characteristics when dipole illumination or small-sigma illumination is used can be improved, so that the device can be manufactured with high accuracy.
- the first exposure apparatus illuminates the first object (11) on which the transfer pattern is formed with the exposure beam, and irradiates the first object and the projection optical system (14) with the exposure beam.
- a light beam (LBA, LB #) having a wavelength range different from that of the exposure beam is applied. It has an irradiation mechanism for irradiation, and the irradiation mechanism includes a spatial waveguide mechanism (44 °, 44 °) for transmitting the light beam along a predetermined optical path.
- a predetermined member having a large effect on aberration due to heat absorption is partially irradiated with the light beam via the spatial waveguide mechanism to heat the member.
- the spatial waveguide mechanism includes a hollow waveguide made of glass, ceramics, or metal.
- the inner surface of the waveguide may be coated with a reflective film including at least one of a metal film and a dielectric film to reflect the light beam.
- the second exposure apparatus illuminates the first object (11) on which a transfer pattern is formed with an exposure beam, and uses the exposure beam to illuminate the first object and the projection optical system (14).
- a light beam LBA, LB ⁇
- the irradiation mechanism includes a polarization state control mechanism (51A, 51B) for setting the polarization state of the light beam to a predetermined state.
- the light beam is easily absorbed by the predetermined member, which greatly affects the aberration by heat absorption, via the polarization state control mechanism, Irradiation in a state and heating the member can efficiently control non-rotationally symmetric aberrations or rotationally symmetric higher-order aberrations.
- one example of the polarization state control mechanism includes a phase plate.
- the third exposure apparatus illuminates the first object (11) on which the transfer pattern has been formed with the exposure beam, and uses the exposure beam to irradiate the first object and the projection optical system
- an exposure apparatus for exposing a second object (18) via a light source (14) at least a part (32) of the first object and its projection optical system has a light beam (LBA, LB) having a wavelength range different from that of the exposure beam.
- Guide force A polarization state control mechanism (74A, 74B) for setting the polarization state of the emitted light beam to a predetermined state.
- a predetermined member that greatly affects aberration by heat absorption is partially subjected to a predetermined polarization state (for example, by the light guide and polarization state control mechanism).
- a predetermined polarization state for example, by the light guide and polarization state control mechanism.
- the light guide is a hollow fiber
- the polarization state control mechanism is a polarizing plate
- the irradiation mechanism may include an RF excitation waveguide type CO laser as a light source for generating the light beam.
- the RF excitation waveguide type CO laser may include an RF excitation waveguide type CO laser as a light source for generating the light beam.
- each irradiation position can be heated in a short time.
- the irradiation mechanism may include a first beam splitter (65) for splitting the light beam.
- a first beam splitter (65) for splitting the light beam.
- the irradiation mechanism may include at least one of a movable mirror (57A, 57B) and a shutter in order to temporally split the light beam.
- a movable mirror 57A, 57B
- a shutter in order to temporally split the light beam.
- a light for controlling the light emission duration of the light source (411A, 411B) that generates the light beam A source controller (412A, 412B) may be included.
- the irradiation dose can be controlled by controlling the light emission duration.
- second beam splitters 50A, 50B for splitting a part of the light beam
- photoelectric sensors 53A, 53B for receiving the light split by the second beam splitter
- the information of the light amount of the light beam may be obtained by the photoelectric sensor.
- At least one polarizing element (51A, 51B) may be provided between the light source of the light beam and the second beam splitter. As a result, the polarization state of the light beam may be more accurately controlled.
- a 1Z4 wavelength plate (51A, 51B) disposed between the second beam splitter and the optical member (32) constituting the projection optical system, and for setting the polarization state of the light beam to a predetermined state. May be. By passing the light beam through the 1Z4 wavelength plate in a linearly polarized state, the optical member can be irradiated in a circularly polarized state.
- the illumination mechanism may illuminate the light beam to correct for symmetric aberrations. This corrects non-rotationally symmetric aberrations.
- the aberration cannot be corrected by the aberration correction mechanism, but the aberration can be corrected by the irradiation mechanism.
- the device manufacturing method according to the present invention is a device manufacturing method including a lithographic process, and the pattern (11) is transferred to the photoreceptor (18) using the exposure apparatus of the present invention in the lithographic process. To do.
- a force that makes the light amount distribution of the exposure beam passing through at least a part of the first object (mask) and the projection optical system non-rotationally symmetric or large in the radial direction In the case of fluctuation, for example, a non-rotationally symmetric component or a higher-order component of the imaging characteristics is efficiently illuminated by irradiating a predetermined portion that affects aberration with a light beam different from the exposure beam. Can be controlled.
- the light beam can be irradiated to a desired irradiation position easily or in a polarized state that is easily absorbed.
- the present invention when the light beam is irradiated so as to correct the non-rotationally symmetric aberration of the projection optical system, it is possible to suppress the fluctuation of the imaging characteristics of the projection optical system.
- FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway view showing a schematic configuration of a projection exposure apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway view showing a configuration example of an imaging characteristic correction mechanism 16 in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 (A) is a diagram showing an L & S pattern in the X direction
- FIG. 3 (B) is a diagram showing a light amount distribution on a pupil plane of the projection optical system during dipole illumination in the X direction.
- FIG. 4 (A) is a diagram showing an L & S pattern in the Y direction
- FIG. 4 (B) is a diagram showing a light amount distribution on a pupil plane of the projection optical system during dipole illumination in the Y direction.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a temperature distribution of a lens during dipole illumination in the X direction.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of a correction light irradiation mechanism 40 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of the projection optical system 14 cut away along the waveguides 44A and 44B of FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing an irradiation area of exposure light and correction light to a lens during dipole illumination in the X direction in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a view showing a modification of the correction light irradiation mechanism 40 of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration of a correction light irradiation mechanism 40A according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a view showing a modification of the correction light irradiation mechanism 40A of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration of a correction light irradiation mechanism 40B according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a view showing a modification of the correction light irradiation mechanism 40B of the third embodiment.
- 14 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a variable attenuator 54A in FIG.
- Irradiation unit 51A, 51 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 4 phase plate, 53 ⁇ , 53 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Optical detector, 54 ⁇ , 54 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Variable attenuator, 57 ⁇ , 57 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Variable mirror, 72 ⁇ , 72 ⁇ , 75 ⁇
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of the projection exposure apparatus of the present embodiment.
- a KrF excimer laser light source (wavelength 247 nm) is used as the exposure light source 1.
- Exposure light sources include ArF excimer laser light source (wavelength 193 nm) and F laser light source (wavelength 157 nm).
- Ultraviolet laser light source such as Kr laser light source (wavelength 146nm) Ar laser light source (wavelength 126nm)
- a harmonic generation light source of a YAG laser a harmonic generation device of a solid-state laser (such as a semiconductor laser), or a mercury lamp (such as an i-line) can be used.
- a harmonic generation light source of a YAG laser a harmonic generation device of a solid-state laser (such as a semiconductor laser), or a mercury lamp (such as an i-line) can be used.
- the exposure light IL as an exposure beam output from the exposure light source 1 at the time of exposure is shaped into a predetermined shape through a beam shaping optical system (not shown) or the like, and the optical integrator (uniformizer or The light enters the first fly-eye lens 2 as a homogenizer, and the illuminance distribution is made uniform. Then, the exposure light IL emitted from the first fly-eye lens 2 passes through a relay lens (not shown) and a vibrating mirror 3 to enter a second fly-eye lens 4 as an optical integrator, and the illuminance distribution further increases. Be uniformed.
- the vibration mirror 13 is used for reducing speckles of the exposure light IL, which is a laser beam, and for reducing interference fringes by a fly-eye lens.
- a diffractive optical element DOE: Diflfractive Optical Element
- an internal reflection type integrator such as a rod lens
- the light amount distribution of the exposure light has a small circle (small ⁇ illumination) and a normal circle.
- the illumination system aperture stop member 25 for determining illumination conditions by setting the illumination condition to one of a plurality of eccentric regions (dipole and quadrupole illumination) and a ring shape is rotatably driven by a drive motor 25a. It is located.
- a main control system 24 composed of a computer that controls the overall operation of the apparatus controls the rotation angle of the illumination system aperture stop member 25 via a drive motor 25a to set illumination conditions.
- the first dipole illumination in which two circular apertures are formed symmetrically about the optical axis among a plurality of aperture stops ( ⁇ stop) of the illumination system aperture stop member 25 26 ⁇ , and a second dipole illumination aperture stop 26 ⁇ having a shape obtained by rotating the aperture stop 90 ⁇ by 90 °.
- an aperture stop 26 ° for the first dipole illumination is provided on the focal plane on the emission side of the second fly-eye lens 4.
- the exposure light IL that has passed through the aperture stop 26 ⁇ in the illumination system aperture stop member 25 is incident on the beam splitter 5 having a low reflectance, and the exposure light reflected by the beam splitter 5 is (Not shown), and is received by an integrator sensor 6 as a first photoelectric sensor.
- the detection signal of the integrator sensor 6 is supplied to an exposure controller and an imaging characteristic calculator in the main control system 24, and the exposure controller controls the detection signal and the beam splitter 5 measured in advance. Then, the exposure energy on the wafer 14 is indirectly calculated using the transmittance of the optical system up to the wafer 18 as a substrate.
- the exposure control unit controls the output of the exposure light source 1 so that the integrated exposure energy on the wafer 14 falls within a target range, and, if necessary, uses a light reduction mechanism (not shown) to expose the exposure light.
- the pulse energy of IL is controlled stepwise.
- the field stop 8 is actually composed of a fixed field stop (fixed blind) and a movable field stop (movable blind).
- the latter movable field stop is disposed on a surface almost conjugate with the pattern surface (reticle surface) of the reticle 11 as a mask, and the former fixed field stop is conjugated with the reticle surface. It is located at
- the fixed field stop is used to define the shape of the illumination area on the reticle 11.
- the movable field stop is used at the start of scanning exposure for each shot area to be exposed. It is used to close the illuminated area in the scanning direction so that unnecessary parts are not exposed at the end of the scan.
- the movable field stop is also used to define the non-scanning center and width of the illuminated area as needed.
- the exposure light IL that has passed through the aperture of the field stop 8 passes through a condenser lens (not shown), a mirror 9 for bending the optical path, and a condenser lens 10, and then the pattern surface (lower surface) of a reticle 11 as a mask. Is illuminated with a uniform illuminance distribution.
- the usual shape of the aperture of the field stop 8 (here, the fixed field stop) is, for example, a rectangle having an aspect ratio of about 1: 3 to 1: 4.
- the normal shape of the illumination area on the reticle 11, which is substantially conjugate with the opening, is also rectangular.
- the pattern in the illumination area of the reticle 11 is projected at a projection magnification (1Z4, 1Z5, etc.) through the telecentric projection optical system 14 on both sides. It is projected onto an exposure area on one shot area on a wafer 18 coated with a photoresist as a (sensitive substrate).
- the exposure area is a rectangular area conjugate with the illumination area on the reticle 11 with respect to the projection optical system 14.
- the reticle 11 and the wafer 18 correspond to the first object and the second object (photoconductor) of the present invention, respectively.
- the wafer 18 is a disk-shaped substrate such as a semiconductor (silicon or the like) or SOI (silicon on insulator) having a diameter of about 200 to 300 mm.
- a part of the exposure light IL is reflected by the wafer 18, and the reflected light returns to the beam splitter 5 through the projection optical system 14, the reticle 11, the condenser lens 10, the mirror 9, and the field stop 8, and
- the light further reflected by the splitter 5 is received by a reflection sensor (reflectance monitor) 7 composed of a photoelectric sensor via a condenser lens (not shown).
- the detection signal of the reflection amount sensor 7 is supplied to the imaging characteristic calculation unit in the main control system 24, and the imaging characteristic calculation unit uses the detection signals of the integrator sensor 6 and the reflection amount sensor 7 to project from the reticle 11.
- the integrated energy of the exposure light IL incident on the optical system 14 and the integrated energy of the exposure light IL reflected on the wafer 18 and returned to the projection optical system 14 are calculated. Further, information on the illumination conditions during exposure (type of illumination system aperture stop) is also supplied to the imaging characteristic calculation unit. Further, an environment sensor 23 for measuring the atmospheric pressure and the temperature is arranged outside the projection optical system 14, and the measurement data of the environment sensor 23 is also supplied to the imaging characteristic calculation unit. The connection in the main control system 24 The image characteristic calculation unit uses the illumination condition, the integrated energy of the exposure light IL, and information such as ambient pressure and temperature to determine the rotationally symmetric aberration component and the non-rotationally symmetric aberration component in the imaging characteristics of the projection optical system 14. The variation of the aberration component is calculated.
- An imaging characteristic control unit is also provided in the main control system 24, and according to the calculation result of the variation amount of the aberration component, the imaging characteristic control unit always obtains a desired imaging characteristic. In addition, the fluctuation amount of the imaging characteristics is suppressed (details will be described later).
- An illumination optical system ILS includes the exposure light source 1, the fly-eye lenses 2, 4, the mirrors 3, 9, the illumination system aperture stop member 25, the field stop 8, the condenser lens 10, and the like.
- the illumination optical system ILS is further covered with a sub-chamber (not shown) as an airtight chamber.
- a sub-chamber (not shown) as an airtight chamber.
- dry air from which impurities are highly removed nitrogen gas when the exposure light is an ArF excimer laser
- Helium gas, etc. are also used).
- the projection optical system 14 of the present example is a refraction system, and a plurality of optical members constituting the projection optical system 14 are quartz that is rotationally symmetric about the optical axis AX (when the exposure light is an F laser). Fireflies
- An aperture stop 15 is arranged on a pupil plane PP of the projection optical system 14 (a plane conjugate with the pupil plane of the illumination optical system ILS), and a predetermined member which affects aberration near the pupil plane PP.
- a lens 32 is arranged. The lens 32 is irradiated with illumination light (light beam) for non-rotationally symmetric aberration correction in a wavelength range different from that of the exposure light IL (described later in detail).
- the projection optical system 14 incorporates an imaging characteristic correction mechanism 16 for correcting rotationally symmetric aberration, and an imaging characteristic control unit in the main control system 24 is controlled by the control unit 17. The operation of the imaging characteristic correction mechanism 16 is controlled.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of the imaging characteristic correction mechanism 16 (aberration correction mechanism) in FIG. 1.
- a plurality of optical members For example, five lenses LI, L2, L3, L4, and L5 selected from the following are held via three independently expandable and contractible drive elements 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 in the optical axis direction.
- a fixed lens (not shown) and an aberration correction plate are also arranged before and after the lenses L1 and L5.
- the three driving elements 27 (only two appearing in FIG. 2) are arranged in a positional relationship substantially corresponding to the vertices of a regular triangle, and the other three driving elements are similarly driven.
- Elements 28-31 are also almost triangular vertices Are arranged in a positional relationship as follows.
- the extendable drive elements 27-31 for example, a piezoelectric element such as a piezo element, a magnetostrictive element, an electric micrometer, or the like can be used.
- the control unit 17 independently controls the amount of expansion and contraction of each of the three drive elements 27-31 based on the control information from the imaging characteristic control unit in the main control system 24, so that the five lenses L1-L5 The position in the optical axis direction and the tilt angle around two axes perpendicular to the optical axis can be independently controlled. Thereby, a predetermined rotationally symmetric aberration in the imaging characteristics of the projection optical system 14 can be corrected.
- distortion can be corrected by controlling the position or inclination angle of the lens L1 or L5 in the optical axis direction near the reticle or wafer. . Further, by controlling the position of the lens L3 in the optical axis direction near the pupil plane of the projection optical system 14, spherical aberration and the like can be corrected.
- the lens L3 to be driven in FIG. 2 may be the same as the lens 32 to which the illumination light for aberration correction in the projection optical system 14 in FIG. 1 is irradiated.
- Such a mechanism for driving a lens or the like in the projection optical system 14 is also disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-134813.
- the position of the reticle 11 in FIG. 1 in the optical axis direction may be controlled to correct a predetermined rotationally symmetric aberration.
- the imaging characteristic correction mechanism 16 in FIG. A mechanism for controlling the pressure of gas may be used.
- the Z axis is taken in parallel with the optical axis AX of the projection optical system 14, and the scanning direction of the reticle 11 and the wafer 18 during scanning exposure in a plane perpendicular to the Z axis (see FIG. 1).
- the explanation is made with the Y axis taken in the direction perpendicular to the paper) and the X axis taken in the non-scanning direction perpendicular to the scanning direction.
- the reticle 11 is sucked and held on the reticle stage 12, and the reticle stage 12 moves on the reticle base (not shown) at a constant speed in the Y direction, and rotates in the X and Y directions so as to correct a synchronization error.
- the reticle 11 is scanned by slightly moving in the direction.
- the position and rotation angle of the reticle stage 12 in the X and Y directions are measured by a movable mirror (not shown) and a laser interferometer (not shown) provided thereon, and the measured values are stored in the main control system 24. Is supplied to the stage control unit.
- the stage control unit controls the measured values and various controls.
- the position and speed of the reticle stage 12 are controlled based on the control information.
- On the upper side surface of the projection optical system 14 a slit image is projected obliquely onto the pattern surface (reticle surface) of the reticle 11, the reflected light from the reticle surface is received, and the slit image is re-imaged.
- reticle-side AF sensor An oblique incidence type auto-force sensor (hereinafter referred to as “reticle-side AF sensor”) 13 that detects displacement of the reticle surface in the Z direction based on the amount of lateral displacement of the image is provided. Information detected by the reticle-side AF sensor 13 is supplied to a Z tilt stage control unit in the main control system 24. A reticle alignment microscope (not shown) for reticle alignment is arranged above a peripheral portion of the reticle 11.
- the wafer 18 is suction-held on a Z tilt stage 19 via a wafer holder (not shown), the Z tilt stage 19 is fixed on the wafer stage 20, and the wafer stage 20 is a wafer base (not shown).
- the Z tilt stage 19 moves at a constant speed in the Y direction, and also steps in the X and Y directions.
- the Z tilt stage 19 controls the position of the wafer 18 in the Z direction and the tilt angles around the X axis and the Y axis.
- the position and rotation angle of the wafer stage 20 in the X and Y directions are measured by a laser interferometer (not shown), and the measured values are supplied to a stage control unit in the main control system 24.
- the stage control unit controls the position and speed of the wafer stage 20 based on the measured values and various control information.
- a plurality of slit images are projected obliquely on the surface (wafer surface) of the wafer 18, light reflected from the wafer surface is received, and these slit images are re-imaged.
- An oblique incidence type auto-focus sensor (hereinafter referred to as “wafer-side AF sensor”) 22 that detects the displacement (defocus amount) of the wafer surface in the Z direction and the tilt angle is provided. I have.
- Information detected by the wafer-side AF sensor 22 is supplied to a Z-tilt stage control unit in the main control system 24, and the Z-tilt stage control unit outputs detection information of the reticle-side AF sensor 13 and the wafer-side AF sensor 22.
- the Z-tilt stage 19 is driven by the auto-focus method so that the wafer surface is always focused on the image plane of the projection optical system 14 based on this.
- an irradiation sensor 21 including a photoelectric sensor having a light receiving surface that covers the entire exposure area of the exposure light IL is fixed. Is supplied to the exposure control unit in the main control system 24. Before the start of the exposure or periodically, the light receiving surface of the irradiation amount sensor 21 was moved to the exposure area of the projection optical system 14. By irradiating the exposure light IL in this state, and dividing the detection signal of the irradiation amount sensor 21 by the detection signal of the integrator sensor 6, the exposure amount control unit can control the irradiation amount sensor 21 (wafer 18) from the beam splitter 5. The transmittance of the optical system up to is calculated and stored.
- an off-axis type alignment sensor (not shown) for wafer alignment is arranged above the wafer stage 20, and the reticle alignment microscope and the detection result of the alignment sensor are provided.
- the main control system 24 performs the alignment of the reticle 11 and the alignment of the wafer 18 based on the data.
- the reticle stage 12 and the wafer stage 20 are driven while the illumination area on the reticle 11 is irradiated with the exposure light IL to synchronously scan the reticle 11 and one shot area on the wafer 18 in the Y direction.
- the operation and the operation of driving the ueno and the stage 20 to move the wafer 18 stepwise in the X and Y directions are repeated. By this operation, the pattern image of the reticle 11 is exposed to each shot area on the wafer 18 by the step-and-scan method.
- the main transfer pattern formed on the reticle 11 is, for example, a line pattern elongated in the Y direction substantially in the X direction (non-scanning direction) as shown in an enlarged view in FIG.
- the X-direction line 'and' space pattern (hereinafter, referred to as “L & S pattern”) 33V arranged at a pitch close to the resolution limit of the projection optical system 14 is 33V.
- L & S pattern a plurality of other L & S patterns, which are larger than the L & S pattern 33 V and whose arrangement direction is the X direction and the Y direction (scanning direction), are usually formed on the reticle 11 at the arrangement pitch.
- Exposure light IL illuminates two circular regions 34 symmetrical in the X direction with respect to.
- the light amount of the 0th-order light is usually much larger than the light amount of the diffracted light, and the diffraction angle is also small. Most of the image light flux passes through or near the circular area 34. Also, when the reticle 11 shown in Fig.
- the L & S pattern of 33V is placed in the optical path of the exposure light IL as in this example, the L & S pattern of 33V near the resolution limit and the ⁇ 1st-order diffracted light near the resolution limit To pass through or near circular area 34
- the image of the L & S pattern 33V can be projected onto the wafer with high resolution.
- the light amount distribution of the exposure light IL incident on the lens 32 near the pupil plane PP of the projection optical system 14 in FIG. 1 also becomes almost the light amount distribution of FIG. Therefore, if the exposure is continued, the temperature distribution of the lens 32 near the pupil plane PP becomes highest in the two circular areas 34A sandwiching the optical axis in the X direction, as shown in FIG.
- the lens 32 undergoes thermal expansion (thermal deformation) and the refractive index distribution also changes in accordance with this temperature distribution.
- the refractive power increases for the light beam opened in the Y direction
- the refractive power decreases for the light beam opened in the X direction.
- a certain center ⁇ occurs.
- the center value ⁇ gradually increases with time and saturates at a predetermined value. This is because the temperature of the lens 32 is saturated.
- a line pattern elongated mainly in the X direction is arranged on the reticle 11 at a pitch substantially close to the resolution limit of the projection optical system 14 in the Y direction (scanning direction). It is assumed that an L & S pattern 33H in the Y direction is formed.
- an aperture stop 26B having a shape obtained by rotating the aperture stop 26A by 90 ° is set on the pupil plane of the illumination optical system ILS in FIG.
- Exposure light IL illuminates two circular areas 35. At this time, even if various reticle patterns are arranged on the optical path of the exposure light IL, most of the exposure light IL (imaging light flux) usually passes through the circular area 35 and its vicinity.
- the ⁇ 1st-order diffracted light from the L & S pattern 33H with a pitch close to the resolution limit also passes through the almost circular area 35 or its vicinity. Therefore, the image of the L & S pattern 33H is projected on the wafer with high resolution.
- the light amount distribution of FIG. 4 also becomes almost the light amount distribution of FIG. Therefore, if exposure is continued, the temperature distribution of the lens 32 becomes a distribution obtained by rotating the distribution of FIG. 5 by approximately 90 °, and the projection optical system 14 has the opposite sign to the case of using the dipole illumination of FIG. 3 (B). , Center spots of almost the same size are generated.
- the reticle 11 is illuminated by a rectangular illumination area whose longitudinal direction is in the X direction (non-scanning direction), the center noise caused by the illumination area is also reduced by the dipole illumination shown in FIG. It always occurs slightly with the same sign as used.
- the sign of the center as a result of the dipole illumination in Fig. 4 (B) is opposite to that of the center as a result of the rectangular illumination area, and the center as a whole is the dipole in Fig. 3 (B). Slightly smaller than with illumination.
- These center points are non-rotationally symmetric aberrations, and other non-rotationally symmetric aberrations are also generated by dipole illumination. These non-rotationally symmetric aberrations are caused by the imaging characteristic correction mechanism shown in FIG. With 16 you can't practically correct. Non-rotationally symmetric aberrations also occur when other non-rotationally symmetric illumination conditions are used. Further, when the light amount distribution of the exposure light IL on the pupil plane of the illumination optical system (the pupil plane of the projection optical system 14) greatly changes in the radial direction as in the case of performing small ⁇ illumination, the imaging characteristic correction is performed. The mechanism 16 may cause higher-order rotationally symmetric aberrations such as higher-order spherical aberrations that cannot be sufficiently corrected.
- the exposure light IL is applied to the lens 32 near the pupil plane ⁇ of the projection optical system 14 in FIG.
- Illumination light (corresponding to the light beam, hereafter referred to as “correction light”) LBA and LBB for aberration correction in a wavelength range different from the (exposure beam).
- correction light irradiation mechanism 40 irradiation mechanism for irradiating the light beam
- the configuration of the correction light irradiation mechanism 40 for irradiating the light beam for irradiating the lenses 32 with the correction lights LBA and LBB, and the operation of correcting the aberration will be described in detail.
- correction lights LBA and LBB light in a wavelength range that hardly senses the photoresist applied to the wafer 18 is used as the correction lights LBA and LBB.
- infrared light with a wavelength of, for example, 10.6 m emitted from a carbon dioxide laser (CO laser) is used as the correction light LBA, LBB.
- CO laser carbon dioxide laser
- the correction light LB applied to the lens 32 of the present example is set so that 90% or more is absorbed.
- an RF (Radio Frequency) pumped waveguide type CO laser is used as the CO laser.
- RF-excited waveguide CO lasers excite discharge excitation in the radio frequency range.
- the power is continuous oscillation (CW).
- CW continuous oscillation
- the amount of correction light irradiation it is possible to use so-called duty ratio control that controls the oscillation time with respect to the idle time. it can.
- the polarization state of the laser light from which the laser light source power is also emitted is linearly polarized, and the correction lights LBA and LBB of this example are also emitted by the CO laser power.
- correction light LBA, LBB a near-infrared light with a wavelength of about 1 ⁇ m emitted from a solid-state laser such as a YAG laser or an infrared light with a wavelength of about several m emitted from a semiconductor laser may be used. Can also be used.
- the correction light LB composed of linearly polarized laser light with a wavelength of 10.6 ⁇ m emitted from the light source system 41 including the laser beam enters the beam splitter 42 having a small reflectance, and the correction light LB transmitted through the beam splitter 42 is Then, the light enters the irradiation unit 45A via a light transmission optical system (not shown).
- the light emission timing and output of the light source system 41 are controlled by a correction light control unit in the main control system 6.
- the correction light LB that has passed through the irradiation unit 45A passes through a waveguide 44A as a spatial waveguide mechanism arranged so as to penetrate the lens barrel of the projection optical system 14, and becomes correction light LBA.
- the light is applied to the lens 32 at an angle.
- a part of the correction light reflected by the beam splitter 42 is received by the photodetector 43 (photoelectric sensor), and the detection signal of the photodetector 43 is fed back to the light source system 41.
- a semiconductor laser light source 61 laser diode
- the visible laser light SL having a wavelength of 670 ⁇ m emitted from the semiconductor laser light source 61 is disposed. Is also applied to the beam splitter 42.
- a part of the irradiated laser light SL is reflected by the beam splitter 42 and is coaxially synthesized with the correction light LB, and then transmitted through a transmission optical system (not shown), an irradiation unit 45A, and a waveguide 44A.
- correction light LBA Is irradiated on the lens 32.
- the laser light SL in the visible region is used as guide light for adjusting the optical axis of the correction light LBA in the infrared region.
- the semiconductor laser light source 61 stops emitting light, and the laser light SL is not irradiated. Since the laser beam SL is not used at the time of aberration correction as described above, it is omitted from illustration except for FIG.
- a waveguide 44B is disposed substantially symmetrically with respect to the waveguide 44A with the optical axis AX interposed therebetween, and correction light supplied from a light source system and a light transmission optical system (not shown) is supplied to the irradiation unit 45B. Then, the light is radiated to the lens 32 as the correction light LBB via the waveguide 44B.
- another pair of waveguides is arranged so as to sandwich the optical axis AX in the Y direction, and these waveguides are also configured to irradiate the lens 32 with correction light. Tepuru (details below).
- FIG. 6 shows a detailed configuration of the correction light irradiation mechanism 40 shown in FIG. 1.
- the light source system 41 shown in FIG. 1 comprises an RF excitation waveguide type CO laser 411 A and a laser power supply. From 412A
- the beam splitter 42 and the photodetector 43 in FIG. 1 correspond to the beam splitter 42A and the photodetector 43A, respectively.
- the CO laser 411A power was also emitted.
- a part of the corrected linearly polarized light LB is split by the beam splitter 42A and received by the photodetector 43A, and this detection signal is fed back to the laser power supply 412A.
- the correction light LB transmitted through the beam splitter 42A is sequentially reflected by four mirrors 46A, 47A, 48A, and 49A, and is incident on the irradiation unit 45A.
- the light transmission optical system is composed of four mirrors 46A-49A. Since the light transmission optical system of this example is a reflection system, the polarization state of the correction light LB is maintained as linear polarization.
- the correction light LB that is incident has a low reflectance! /, Enters the beam splitter 50A (second beam splitter), is reflected by the beam splitter 50A, and is branched. Is received by the photodetector 53A (photoelectric sensor), and this detection signal is fed back to the laser power supply 412A.
- the laser power supply 412A is controlled by the CO laser
- the light emission timing and output (irradiation amount) of the 411A are controlled.
- the amount of light received (detection signal) at the photodetector 53A the amount of correction light LBA emitted from the waveguide 44A (for example, The conversion coefficient for calculating (degree) is obtained with high precision in advance, and is stored in the storage unit in the laser power supply 412A. From the correction light control unit, the emission type of the CO laser 411A is
- the amount of light (or the amount of irradiation) on the lens and the lens 32 is specified.
- the detection signal from the photodetector 43A is used to monitor the oscillation state of the CO laser 411A and the beam splitter 42A.
- Force beam splitter Used for detecting abnormalities in optical components up to 50A.
- the linearly polarized correction light LB transmitted through the beam splitter 50A passes through a 1Z4 wavelength plate 51A corresponding to a phase plate as a polarization state control mechanism and is converted into circularly polarized light.
- the waveguide 44A is, for example, a thin tube having a circular cross section made of glass, ceramics, or metal, and the inner wall of which is coated with a substance having a high reflectance at the wavelength of the correction light LB (CO laser light). .
- the inner diameter of the tube 44A is, for example, about 0.2 to 2 mm.
- the reflection surfaces of the mirrors 46A-49A are coated with a reflection film having a high reflectance at the wavelength of the correction light LB.
- the laser light SL in the visible region is also used as guide light for the correction light LB. Therefore, the reflection surfaces of the mirrors 46A-49A and the inner surface of the waveguide 44A are coated with a coating having high reflectance at both the wavelength of the correction light LB and the laser light SL (guide light).
- the hollow waveguide 44A penetrates through the lens barrel of the projection optical system 14 and reaches obliquely above the lens 32 inside the projection optical system 14. Then, the correction light LB transmitted by the internal reflection in the waveguide 44A directly enters the surface of the lens 32 obliquely as the correction light LBA. In this case, since the correction light LB incident on the waveguide 44A is circularly polarized by the 1Z4 wavelength plate 51A, the correction light LBA emitted from the waveguide 44A to the lens 32 is also substantially stable. Light.
- the material constituting the optical lens such as the lens 32 or the like has a dielectric constant, and the reflectivity of the dielectric is dependent on the polarization characteristics of the incident light.
- the correction light LBA having a stable polarization characteristic emitted from the waveguide 44A is stably absorbed by the lens 32, and partially heats the lens 32.
- a 1Z2 wavelength plate can be used instead of the 1Z4 wavelength plate 51A.
- the crystal orientation of the 1Z2 wave plate should be determined so that the proportion of the polarization state in which the correction light LBA emitted from the waveguide 44A is effectively absorbed by the lens 32 is maximized.
- the lens 32 can be controlled in parallel and independently with an optical system (CO laser 411A—condensing lens 52A) for irradiating the correction light LBA from the waveguide 44A.
- an optical system for irradiating the correction light LBB from the waveguide 44B to another area of the lens 32 is arranged. That is, a CO laser 411A, a beam splitter 42A, and a laser power supply 412A.
- photodetector 43A A, photodetector 43A, mirror 46A-49A, irradiation unit 45A (beam splitter 50A, 1 Z4 wave plate 51A, and condenser lens 52A), photodetector 53A, and almost symmetrically to waveguide 44A, CO laser 411B, beam splitter 42B, laser power supply 412B, photodetector 43
- the lens 32 irradiates the lens 32 as stable circularly polarized correction light LBB via 44B.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view in which the projection optical system 14 is cut away at the waveguides 44A and 44B in FIG. 6.
- a pair of the optical axes AX is sandwiched in the X direction.
- the exits of the hollow waveguides 44A and 44B are arranged through the lens barrel of the projection optical system PL.
- the exits of another pair of hollow waveguides 44C and 44D are arranged through the lens barrel of the projection optical system PL so as to sandwich the optical axis AX in the Y direction.
- the entrances of the waveguides 44C and 44D are connected to the irradiation units 45C and 45D, respectively, which have the same configuration as the irradiation unit 45A.
- Correction light is supplied from another pair of optical systems via mirrors 49C and 49D.
- the correction light beams LBA and LBB from the waveguides 44A and 44B are applied to two substantially circular regions 63A and 63B respectively sandwiching the optical axis AX on the lens 32 in the X direction.
- the correction lights LBC and LBD from the waveguides 44C and 44D are applied to two substantially circular regions 63C and 63D, respectively, which sandwich the optical axis AX on the lens 32 in the Y direction.
- the lens 32 two areas in the ⁇ X direction and two areas in the Y direction, with the optical axis AX as the center, are provided in a total of four areas 63 A to 63 D at desired timings selectively. Further, it is configured such that the correction light LBA-LBD can be irradiated with a desired irradiation amount (irradiation time).
- the two irradiation units 45A and 45D are arranged close to each other, and the waveguides 44A and 44D, which have the irradiation units 45A and 45D, are gently moved along the barrel of the projection optical system 14. It is arranged to be bent.
- the other two irradiation units 45B and 45C are arranged close to each other, and the waveguides 44B and 44C, which have the same power as the irradiation units 45B and 45C, are gently burned by the barrel of the projection optical system 14.
- the rooster is placed.
- the minimum value of the radius of curvature R of each of the four waveguides 44 ⁇ , 44 ⁇ , 44C, and 44D is set to a value (for example, about 30 mm) or more such that the transmittance of the correction light passing therethrough hardly decreases. ing.
- an optical system for irradiating the correction light LBA-LBD around the lens barrel of the projection optical system 14 can be arranged in a notebook.
- mirrors 49A and 49B and 1Z4 wave plates 51A and 51B are used to increase the ratio of the circularly polarized light state of the correction lights LBA and LBB obtained by the 1Z4 wave plates 51A and 51B.
- a polarizing plate may be arranged to make the correction light incident on the 1Z4 wavelength plates 51A and 51B more complete linearly polarized light.
- the correction light supplied to the four waveguides 44A-44D is generated by optical systems independent of each other, but is split by the common single laser light source power and the emitted laser light power.
- the four lights may be supplied in parallel to the four waveguides 44A-44D.
- the correction light can be selectively irradiated to the lens 32 in, for example, eight or more regions at approximately equal angular intervals around the optical axis AX. May be configured.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the lens 32 near the pupil plane PP of the projection optical system 14.
- a region 34A and a region 34A sandwiching the optical axis AX on the lens 32 symmetrically in the X direction are shown.
- Exposure light IL is applied to a region in the vicinity.
- the area 34A is approximately 90 around the optical axis AX.
- a pair of substantially circular areas 63C and 63D on the lens 32, which are rotated areas, are irradiated with the correction lights LBC and LBD via the waveguides 44C and 44D in FIG. 7, respectively.
- a region obtained by rotating the irradiation region of the exposure light IL by 90 ° is irradiated with the correction light beams LBC and LBD.
- the temperature distribution of the lens 32 becomes higher in the area 34A and the areas 63C and 63D, and becomes gradually lower as the distance from the area increases.
- the deformation state of the lens 32 of the present example irradiated with the exposure light IL and the correction light LBC and LBD is in the non-scanning direction and the scanning direction. Therefore, the focus positions for the opened light beams are almost equal to each other, and the center path hardly occurs. Thereby, the imaging characteristics of the projection optical system 14 are improved, and the entire pattern of the reticle 11 is transferred onto the wafer 18 with high accuracy.
- the irradiation amount (dose) and irradiation timing of the correction lights LBC and LBD can be determined as follows as an example. That is, based on the information on the integrated energy of the exposure light IL and the shape of the aperture stop in the illumination optical system ILS, the imaging characteristic calculation unit in the main control system 24 in FIG. The amount of heat energy stored in the lens 32 can be obtained from the exposure light IL passing through the nearby area. Therefore, as the simplest control, the imaging characteristic calculation unit calculates the irradiation amount of the correction light LBC and LBD in the region 63C and 63D that constitute the rotationally symmetric region as a whole together with the region 34A and the exposure light.
- the heat energy is set substantially equal to the heat energy by the IL, and this information is supplied to the correction light control unit in the main control system 24.
- the correction light irradiator calculates the irradiation amount of the correction light beams LBC and LBD using, for example, information on the absorptance of the correction light beam LBA-LBD by the lens 32, and converts the information on the irradiation amount and the irradiation timing into the correction light beam.
- Power is supplied to the corresponding laser power supply in the irradiation mechanism 40.
- the laser power source causes the corresponding CO laser to emit light at a predetermined power
- the average power is an average power during the irradiation time, and is controlled so that the average power is stable as an example. This control can also be called “average power management”. Thereby, the irradiation amounts of the correction lights LBC and LBD are appropriately controlled.
- the irradiation timing may be, for example, (1) the same timing as the irradiation of the exposure light IL, (2) the step movement of the wafer stage 20, or (3) the asymmetric aberration exceeds a predetermined allowable range. From the point of time when the judgment is made, it is conceivable.
- the lens for irradiating the correction light is a lens near the pupil plane of the projection optical system 14 which is conjugate to the pupil plane of the illumination optical system ILS like the lens 32 of the present example, the correction effect of the center positive is obtained. growing. At this time, a plurality of lenses near the pupil plane may be irradiated with the correction light. Further, it is more effective that the irradiation area including the exposure light and the correction light on the optical member to be irradiated is as close to rotationally symmetric as possible.
- the correction light is applied as in this example. Higher order rotationally symmetric aberrations can be reduced.
- the correction light LBA-LBD may be applied to four regions 63 # -63D radially away from the optical axis ⁇ on the lens 32 in FIG.
- the amount of fluctuation of the light amount distribution in the radial direction is reduced, so that the occurrence of higher-order spherical aberration and the like is suppressed, and good imaging characteristics are maintained.
- the exposure light IL is irradiated only on the end area in the X direction on the reticle 11 in FIG. 1 by setting the field stop depending on the pattern to be transferred, for example, Is largely non-rotationally symmetric.
- the optical member on the reticle 11 side of the projection optical system 14 or the reticle 11 itself is used as a predetermined member to be irradiated with the correction light, and is attached to an end of the predetermined member in the + X direction.
- Correction light may be applied. That is, the irradiation target of the correction light (light beam) can be not only one or a plurality of optical members in the projection optical system 14 but also the reticle 11 itself.
- temperature sensors such as a thermistor are provided around the lens 32 at four or eight points at equal angular intervals, and the correction light LBA is calculated based on the measured values of these temperature sensors.
- the irradiation amount of LBD may be controlled.
- the number, position, shape, and size of the optical member to which the correction light is irradiated, and the irradiation area of the correction light on the optical member are determined by the type of aberration adjusted by the irradiation of the correction light and the aberration. Can be determined according to the allowable value.
- FIG. 9 shows a modification of the correction light irradiation mechanism 40 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 9 in which parts corresponding to FIG. Emitted from laser 411A
- a part of the linearly polarized correction light LB is branched by the beam splitter 42A and received by the photodetector 43A, and this detection signal is fed back to the laser power supply 412A.
- the correction light LB transmitted through the beam splitter 42A is incident on one end of a hollow fiber 72A as a light guide via a condenser lens 71A, and the correction light LB propagated in the hollow fiber 72A is applied to an irradiation cut 45A.
- the hollow fiber 72A is made of a ceramic or metal thin tube, and has an inner wall coated with a substance having a high reflectance at the wavelength of the correction light LB.
- the visible light laser light SL having a wavelength of 670 nm emitted from the semiconductor laser light source 61 in FIG. 1 is also irradiated on the lens 32 together with the correction light LB, so that the reflection film in the hollow fiber 72A is corrected.
- the reflectivity is high at two wavelengths, light LB and its laser light SL (guide light).
- a normal optical fiber or the like can be used instead of the hollow fiber 72A.
- a collimator lens 73A and a polarizing plate 74A as a polarization state control mechanism are provided at the front stage of the irradiation unit 45A of this modified example.
- the polarizing plate 74A a flat plate whose incident angle with respect to the incident light beam is a Brewster angle is used, and the polarization state of the light beam transmitted through the polarizing plate 74A is a linearly polarized light substantially composed of a P-polarized component.
- a polarizing prism such as a Glan-Thomson prism
- a polarizing filter that allows only linearly polarized light polarized in a predetermined direction to pass can be used as the polarizing plate 74A.
- the correction light LB incident on the irradiation unit 45A from the hollow fiber 72A is converted into a substantially parallel light beam by the collimator lens 73A, then passes through the polarizing plate 74A to become substantially linearly polarized light, and becomes a beam splitter 50A. (Second beam splitter).
- a light transmission optical system is composed of the condenser lens 71A, the hollow fiber 72A, and the polarizing plate 73A. In the light transmitting optical system of this example, the polarization state of the correction light LB propagating in the hollow fiber 72A may gradually change. Therefore, the polarization state of the correction light LB passing through the hollow fiber 72A is changed to linear polarization. Is provided with a polarizing plate 74A.
- the polarization components other than the polarization components passing through the irradiation unit 45A are emitted from the polarizing plate 74A to the outside. It is desirable that the light emitted to the outside be guided to a position that does not hinder the exposure by using, for example, a waveguide (not shown) having the same structure as the waveguide 44A.
- the correction light reflected and branched by the beam splitter 50A is received by a photodetector 53A (photoelectric sensor), and the detection signal is fed back to a laser power supply 412A.
- the linearly polarized correction light LB transmitted through the beam splitter 50A passes through a 1Z4 wavelength plate 51A corresponding to a phase plate as a polarization state control mechanism and is converted into circularly polarized light.
- Light is collected at the entrance of tube 44A.
- the correction light LB transmitted by the internal reflection in the waveguide 44A directly enters the surface of the lens 32 in the projection optical system 14 obliquely as the correction light LBA.
- the correction light LB incident on the waveguide 44A is circularly polarized by the 1Z4 wavelength plate 51A, the correction light LBA emitted from the waveguide 44A to the lens 32 is also almost stable circularly polarized light. . Then, the correction light LBA having stabilized polarization characteristics emitted from the waveguide 44A is stably absorbed by the lens 32, and partially heats the lens 32.
- the lens 32 can be controlled in parallel and independently with an optical system (CO laser 411A—condensing lens 52A) for irradiating the correction light LBA from the waveguide 44A.
- an optical system CO laser 411A—condensing lens 52A
- an optical system for irradiating the correction light LBB from the waveguide 44B to another area of the lens 32 is arranged. That is, the latter optical system is composed of a CO laser 411B and a beam splitter 42B.
- Condenser lens 71B Condenser lens 71B, hollow fiber 72B, irradiation unit 45B (including collimator lens 73B, polarizing plate 74B, beam splitter 50B, 1Z4 wavelength plate 51B, and condenser lens 52B), photodetector 53B, and waveguide 44B. It is composed of And CO laser 41 IB
- the emitted linearly-polarized correction light LB is applied to the lens 32 as stable circularly-polarized correction light LB B via the waveguide 44B.
- an optical system for irradiating the correction light to two regions in the Y direction of the lens 32 is provided, and the configuration of the optical system is substantially the same as that of FIG. Same as.
- the other configuration is the same as that of the embodiment of FIG.
- the generation of center noise is suppressed by irradiating the lens 32 with the correction light LBA, LBB, and the like.
- the imaging characteristics of the projection optical system 14 are improved.
- the hollow fibers 72A and 72B are used in the light transmitting optical system, the configuration of the light transmitting optical system can be simplified and the degree of freedom of the arrangement is increased.
- FIG. 10 the light source of the correction light is shared, and in FIG. 10, portions corresponding to FIGS. 1 and 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 10 shows a correction light irradiating mechanism 40A as a light beam irradiating mechanism of the projection exposure apparatus of this example.
- a CO laser 411 and a laser light source 412 are
- CO laser 411A Same as 6 CO laser 411A and laser light source 412A. And CO laser 411
- a part of the correction light LB composed of the linearly-polarized laser light from which the power is also emitted is branched by the beam splitter 42, and the amount of the branched light is fed back to the laser light source 412 via the photodetector 43. Further, the correction light LB transmitted through the beam splitter 42 further enters the half mirror 65 (first beam splitter) and is split into two. The correction lights LBA and LBB split into two by the half mirror 65 enter the variable attenuators 54A and 54B, respectively.
- the correction light LBA that has passed through the former variable attenuator 54A passes through mirrors 47A, 48A, and 49A (sending optical system), and then passes through the irradiation unit 45A and the waveguide 44A into the lens 32 in the projection optical system 14. Is irradiated.
- the correction light LBB that has passed through the latter variable attenuator 54B passes through mirrors 47B, 48B, and 49B (light transmission optical system), and then irradiates the lens 32 via the irradiation unit 45B and the waveguide 44B.
- variable attenuators 54A and 54B are devices capable of variably controlling the attenuation rate of incident light by an external signal.
- FIG. 14 shows a configuration example of the variable attenuator 54A.
- the correction light LBA is incident on two light-transmitting flat plates 60 and 61 that are inclined.
- a material that absorbs little at the wavelength of the CO laser light that is the correction light LBA for example,
- the surfaces of the flat plates 60 and 61 may be provided with a reflectance increasing film or the like as necessary.
- the amount of reflected light changes according to the tilt angle. Therefore, the amount of the correction light LBA transmitted through the flat plates 60 and 61 can be continuously controlled.
- Rotation drivers 60a and 61a are provided to set the inclination angles of the flat plates 60 and 61 to arbitrary values.
- a general stepping motor, an ultrasonic motor, or the like can be used.
- the other variable attenuator 54B is similarly configured.
- the transmittance of the correction light in the variable attenuators 54A and 54B is controlled by the controller 55 of the variable attenuator.
- the light amounts of the correction lights LBA and LBB that are branched in the irradiation units 45A and 45B and detected by the photodetectors 53A and 53B are input to the control device 55.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the irradiation amounts of the correction lights LBA and LBB emitted from the waveguides 44A and 44B to the lens 32 are controlled as follows. First, the correction light LBA and the correction light from the correction light control unit in the main control system 24 shown in FIG. 1 are supplied to the laser power supply 412 and the control device 55 of the variable attenuators 54A and 54B. . From this value, the laser power supply 412 determines the power of the correction light LB up to the beam splitter 42 by the CO laser 411.
- control device 55 sets the attenuation factors in the variable attenuators 54A and 54B based on the light amounts detected by the photodetectors 53A and 53B so that the powers of the correction lights LBA and LBB become a predetermined value. Control. Then, when the irradiation time of the correction lights LBA and LBB reaches the irradiation amount Z average power, the control device 55 sets the attenuation rates of the variable attenuators 54A and 54B to almost 100%, and sets the correction lights LBA and LBB. To almost zero power.
- the control unit 55 issues a light emission stop command to the laser power supply 412, and the CO laser 411
- the irradiation amount of the correction light LBA and LBB can be controlled to a desired value by such an operation.
- the manufacturing cost can be reduced, and the correction light irradiation mechanism 40A is shown.
- the size can be reduced compared to the correction light irradiation mechanism 40 of FIG.
- there is only one control device 55 but a plurality of control devices may be provided corresponding to the variable attenuators 54A and 54B, respectively.
- a series of CO laser 411 and beam split There are a plurality of light source devices consisting of the light source 42, the photodetector 43, and the laser power supply 412, depending on the number of correction light beams LBA and LBB applied to the lens 32. May be independently controlled according to the indicated value of the output.
- FIG. 11 shows a modification of the correction light irradiation mechanism 40A of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 10.
- the irradiation units 45A and 45B Each has a collimator lens 73A, 73B and a polarizing plate 74A, 74B (polarization state control mechanism) at the front stage, similarly to the irradiation units 45A and 45B in FIG. 9, respectively.
- CO polarizing plate
- the correction light LB which is a linearly polarized laser beam emitted from the beam 411 and transmitted through the beam splitter 42, further enters the half mirror 65 (first beam splitter) and is split into two.
- the correction light beams LBA and LBB split into two by the half mirror 65 enter variable attenuators 54A and 54B, respectively.
- the correction light LBA that has passed through the former variable attenuator 54A passes through the condenser lens 71A and the hollow fiber 72A (light guide), and then passes through the irradiation unit 45A and the waveguide 44A, and then passes through the lens 32 in the projection optical system 14. Is irradiated.
- the correction light LBB passing through the latter variable attenuator 54B passes through a condensing lens 71B and a hollow fiber 75B serving as a light guide that has the same configuration as the hollow fiber 72A but is longer than the hollow fiber 72A.
- the light is irradiated to the lens 32 via the irradiation unit 45B and the waveguide 44B.
- each of the light transmission optical systems is composed of the condenser lenses 71A and 71B, the hollow fibers 72A and 75B, and the collimator lenses 73A and 73B.
- the other configuration and the irradiation operation of the correction lights LBA and LBB are the same as in the second embodiment.
- the manufacturing cost can be reduced, and the correction light irradiation mechanism 40 A It can be downsized compared to the correction light irradiation mechanism 40.
- the hollow fibers 72A and 75B are used in the light transmitting optical system, the configuration of the light transmitting optical system is simplified, and the degree of freedom of arrangement is increased.
- FIG. 12 the portions corresponding to FIG. 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 12 shows a correction light irradiation mechanism 40B as a light beam irradiation mechanism of the projection exposure apparatus of the present example.
- a linearly polarized laser beam emitted from a CO laser 411 is shown.
- the correction light LB is partially branched by the beam splitter 42, and the amount of the branched light is fed back to the laser light source 412 via the photodetector 43.
- the laser light source 412 causes the CO laser 411 to continuously emit light in accordance with the instruction of the correction light irradiation timing in the correction light control unit in the main control system 24 in FIG.
- an electric shirt 56 is disposed so as to be openable and closable.
- the correction light LB transmitted through the beam splitter 42 is transmitted to the first variable mirror 57B.
- One end of the first variable mirror 57B is fixed, and when the movable portion is closed to the position C, the correction light LB is reflected by almost 90 ° and travels to the second variable mirror 57A, where the movable beam 57B is moved.
- the correction light LB proceeds straight and enters the mirror 46A.
- the second variable mirror 57A has one end fixed, and when the movable part is opened to the position A, the correction light LB from the variable mirror 57B proceeds straight as it is to the mirror 47A, and the movable part When is closed to position B, the correction light LB of the variable mirror 57B is almost 90. The light is reflected and blocked by the beam stopper 58. That is, the correction light LB can be divided into three optical paths according to the switching state of the two variable mirrors 57A and 57B. The switching operation of the two variable mirrors 57A and 57B and the opening and closing operation of the shirt 56 are controlled by a variable mirror control device 59.
- the correction light LB is reflected by the variable mirror 57B, and the mirrors 47A, 48A , 49A (light transmitting optical system), and then irradiate the lens 32 in the projection optical system 14 as correction light LBA through the irradiation unit 45A and the waveguide 44A.
- the correction light LB passes near the variable mirror 57B, passes through the mirrors 47B, 48B, and 49B (light transmission optical system), and then enters the irradiation unit.
- the lens 32 is irradiated as correction light LBB through the 45B and the waveguide 44B.
- the irradiation units 45A and 45B The light amounts of the correction light branched by and detected by the photodetectors 53A and 53B are input to the control device 59, respectively.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first and second embodiments.
- the irradiation amount (dose) of the correction light LBA, LBB emitted from the waveguides 44A, 44B to the lens 32, or, in other words, (power) X (irradiation time) is Is controlled with a certain fixed time width. That is, in this example, the detection signals of the photodetectors 53A and 53B are integrated over a certain fixed time width, and the integrated value (a value proportional to the irradiation amount of the correction light LBA, LBB) is used as a control signal. Note that controlling the irradiation amount with a certain fixed time width is in the extreme limit with the average power management in the first and second embodiments.
- the target value of the irradiation amount of the correction light LBA, LBB is instructed to the control device 59 of the correction light control unit force variable mirror in the main control system 24 of FIG. You.
- the emission timing of the correction light is instructed to the laser power supply 412, so that
- the laser 411 starts emitting light. Thereafter, the control device 59 operates the variable mirrors 57A and 57B to move the movable part of the variable mirror 57A to the position A and move the movable part of the variable mirror 57B to the position A. At this time, if the shirt 56 is open, the lens 32 is irradiated with the correction light LBA, and the output of the photodetector 53A is integrated in the control device 59. When the integrated value matches a predetermined value, the control device 59 moves the movable portion of the variable mirror 57B to the position B. Thus, the irradiation of the correction lights LBA and LBB is stopped.
- the control device 59 moves the movable portion of the variable mirror 57B to the position D.
- the shutter 56 is open, the lens 32 is irradiated with the correction light LBB, and the output of the photodetector 53B is integrated in the controller 59.
- the control device 59 moves the movable part of the variable mirror 57B to the position C and the movable part of the variable mirror 57A to the position B, and corrects the correction light. Stop irradiation of LBA and LBB. By repeating this operation at regular time intervals, the irradiation amounts of the correction lights LBA and LBB are sequentially controlled to appropriate values.
- the CO laser 411 is applied to a plurality of irradiation areas of the correction lights LBA and LBB.
- variable mirrors 57A and 57B are commonly used, so that the correction light irradiation mechanism 40B can be downsized.
- the use efficiency of the laser light as the correction light can be increased as compared with the case where a variable attenuator is used.
- any mirrors can be used as long as the mirrors can be moved by the instruction of the variable mirror control device 59.
- a voltage drive mirror galvano mirror
- a pneumatic drive mirror can be used as the variable mirrors 57A and 57B.
- FIG. 13 shows a modification of the correction light irradiation mechanism 40B of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 12.
- the irradiation units 45A and 45B Has collimator lenses 73A and 73B and polarizing plates 74A and 74B (polarization state control mechanism) at the front stage, similarly to the irradiation units 45A and 45B in FIG. 11, respectively.
- CO polarization state control mechanism
- Correction light LB composed of linearly polarized laser light emitted from the laser 411 and transmitted through the beam splitter 42 travels to the first variable mirror 57B.
- the correction light LB is reflected by the variable mirror 57B, and the condensing lens 71A After passing through the hollow fiber 72A, the light is irradiated as the correction light LBA to the lens 32 in the projection optical system 14 via the irradiation unit 45A and the waveguide 44A.
- the correction light LB passes near the variable mirror 57B, passes through the condenser lens 71B, the hollow fiber 75B, and then the irradiation unit 45B and the waveguide.
- the correction light LBB is applied to the lens 32 via the tube 44B.
- the light transmitting optical system is composed of the condenser lenses 71A and 71B, the hollow fibers 72A and 75B, and the collimator lenses 73A and 73B.
- the other configuration and the operation of irradiating the correction light are the same as those of the third embodiment.
- the CO laser rate is applied to a plurality of irradiation areas of the correction lights LBA and LBB.
- the correction light irradiation mechanism 40B can be downsized. Further, by controlling the irradiation amount by the opening / closing time of the variable mirrors 57A and 57B, the use efficiency of the laser light as the correction light can be increased as compared with the case where a variable attenuator is used. In addition, since the hollow fibers 72A and 75B are used in the light transmitting optical system, the structure of the light transmitting optical system is simplified, and the degree of freedom of the arrangement is increased.
- the present invention is applicable not only to a scanning exposure type exposure apparatus, but also to a batch exposure type exposure apparatus. The same applies to the case of performing exposure. Further, the present invention relates to, for example, international publication (
- WO) No. 99Z49504 can also be applied to the immersion type exposure apparatus disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 99Z49504.
- the lens surface of some optical members of the projection optical system that is, the exposure light
- the correction light is partially applied to the region where the light can be emitted, but the correction light may be applied to the side surfaces of some of the optical members.
- the configuration for irradiating the correction light to the side surface of the optical member is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-196305 and its corresponding US Pat. No. 6,504,597, and is designated in the designated country (or To the extent permitted by the national laws of the selected country), the disclosures in the above gazettes are incorporated and incorporated herein as part of the description.
- the projection exposure apparatus of the above-described embodiment incorporates an illumination optical system composed of a plurality of lenses and a projection optical system into the exposure apparatus main body, performs optical adjustment, and performs a reticle stage composed of many mechanical parts. It can be manufactured by attaching the wafer stage to the main body of the exposure apparatus, connecting the wiring and piping, and performing comprehensive adjustments (electrical adjustment, operation confirmation, etc.). It is desirable that the exposure apparatus be manufactured in a clean room where the temperature, cleanliness, etc. are controlled.
- the semiconductor device manufactures a reticle based on the function / performance design of the device and the step. Step of forming a silicon material wafer, Step of exposing the reticle pattern to the wafer by performing alignment using the projection exposure apparatus of the above-described embodiment, Step of forming a circuit pattern such as etching, and Step of assembling a device ( It is manufactured through a dicing process, a bonding process, and a package process), and an inspection step.
- the application of the exposure apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the exposure apparatus for manufacturing semiconductor devices, and for example, a liquid crystal display element formed on a square glass plate, or a display apparatus such as a plasma display. It can be widely applied to exposure equipment for manufacturing various devices such as an exposure device for imaging, an image pickup device (CCD, etc.), a micro machine, a thin film magnetic head, and a DNA chip. Furthermore, the present invention provides a mask pattern for various devices. It can also be applied to an exposure step (exposure apparatus) when manufacturing a mask (photomask, reticle, etc.) on which is formed using a lithographic process.
- a mask photomask, reticle, etc.
- the imaging characteristics can always be maintained in a good state even when dipole illumination, small ⁇ illumination, or the like is used, so that a highly integrated device can be manufactured with high accuracy.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP05710063A EP1724816A4 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2005-02-10 | EXPOSURE METHOD AND SYSTEM, AND DEVICE MANUFACTURING METHOD |
KR1020067012807A KR101328356B1 (ko) | 2004-02-13 | 2005-02-10 | 노광 방법 및 장치, 그리고 디바이스 제조 방법 |
JP2005517966A JP4692753B2 (ja) | 2004-02-13 | 2005-02-10 | 露光方法及び装置、並びにデバイス製造方法 |
US10/588,730 US8111378B2 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2005-02-10 | Exposure method and apparatus, and device production method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2004-037183 | 2004-02-13 | ||
JP2004037183 | 2004-02-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005078774A1 true WO2005078774A1 (ja) | 2005-08-25 |
Family
ID=34857749
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2005/002011 WO2005078774A1 (ja) | 2004-02-13 | 2005-02-10 | 露光方法及び装置、並びにデバイス製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US8111378B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1724816A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4692753B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101328356B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005078774A1 (ja) |
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JP2016136253A (ja) * | 2015-01-22 | 2016-07-28 | カール・ツァイス・エスエムティー・ゲーエムベーハー | マニピュレータを含む投影露光装置及び投影露光装置を制御する方法 |
JP2021005073A (ja) * | 2019-06-25 | 2021-01-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | 露光装置、露光方法および物品製造方法 |
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JP2021005073A (ja) * | 2019-06-25 | 2021-01-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | 露光装置、露光方法および物品製造方法 |
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JPWO2005078774A1 (ja) | 2007-10-18 |
KR101328356B1 (ko) | 2013-11-11 |
JP4692753B2 (ja) | 2011-06-01 |
EP1724816A1 (en) | 2006-11-22 |
US8111378B2 (en) | 2012-02-07 |
US20080246933A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
EP1724816A4 (en) | 2007-10-24 |
KR20060128898A (ko) | 2006-12-14 |
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