WO2005027229A1 - 透明導電膜付き基体およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
透明導電膜付き基体およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005027229A1 WO2005027229A1 PCT/JP2004/012387 JP2004012387W WO2005027229A1 WO 2005027229 A1 WO2005027229 A1 WO 2005027229A1 JP 2004012387 W JP2004012387 W JP 2004012387W WO 2005027229 A1 WO2005027229 A1 WO 2005027229A1
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- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- layer
- conductive film
- transparent conductive
- film according
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical group O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 190
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 306
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 132
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 18
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910021424 microcrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004050 hot filament vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001782 photodegradation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane Chemical compound ClCC(CCl)(CCl)CCl KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZEVSDGEBAJOTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-2-[5-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]ethanone Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)C(CC=1OC(=NN=1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)=O KZEVSDGEBAJOTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C(CN1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXAMGRAIZSSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1=NOC(=N1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 SXAMGRAIZSSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXZCIYUJYUESMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C(=NN(C=1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)CN1CCOCC1 XXZCIYUJYUESMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYELSNVLZVIGTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-5-ethylpyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C=NN(C=1CC)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 FYELSNVLZVIGTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRPAUEVGEGEPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C=NN(C=1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 ZRPAUEVGEGEPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHKVCYCWBUNNQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1-(1,4,5,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-6-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1=NN=C(O1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)C=NN2 DHKVCYCWBUNNQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CONKBQPVFMXDOV-QHCPKHFHSA-N 6-[(5S)-5-[[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C[C@H]1CN(C(O1)=O)C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1 CONKBQPVFMXDOV-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006018 Li-aluminosilicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QKNALXSEDPJVFW-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Sn].[Sn](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl Chemical compound [Sn].[Sn](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl QKNALXSEDPJVFW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005354 aluminosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005385 borate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- NRVRMANRRKBYEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;dihydroiodide Chemical compound C.I.I NRVRMANRRKBYEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001874 trioxidanyl group Chemical group [*]OOO[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
- H01L31/0392—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/056—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means the light-reflecting means being of the back surface reflector [BSR] type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a substrate with a transparent conductive film used for a photoelectric conversion element (mainly a solar cell) having excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- Thin-film solar cells which are photoelectric conversion elements, include amorphous silicon (a-Si) -based, microcrystalline silicon-based, and the like, depending on the type of power generation layer.
- a-Si amorphous silicon
- a transparent conductive film is used as the incident light side electrode.
- Figure 2 shows an example of a general thin-film solar cell.
- the thin-film solar cell has a structure in which a substrate 1 with a transparent conductive film (transparent substrate 2 and transparent conductive film 10), a photoelectric conversion layer 7 and a back electrode 8 are laminated.
- the photoelectric conversion layer 7 is made of amorphous silicon or microcrystalline silicon, and is formed by vapor-phase growth using a plasma CVD method using glow discharge decomposition of a source gas or a hot wire CVD method. You.
- the plasma CVD method and the hot wire CVD method have an advantage that a large-area thin film can be formed.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- tin oxide is preferred because the surface concavo-convex structure can be easily formed and the light confinement effect is large, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved.
- tin oxide is exposed to a highly reducing environment by hydrogen plasma treatment performed when forming a photoelectric conversion layer that is an amorphous film. There is a problem that the light transmittance is reduced, that is, the plasma resistance is poor.
- a refractive index intermediate layer having a refractive index intermediate between the transparent conductive film and the photoelectric conversion layer is inserted, and the optical interference condition is used.
- a method has been disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 3).
- the optical interference condition cannot be satisfied unless the interface between the transparent conductive film and the photoelectric conversion layer is flat, and there is a problem that flatness of the interface is necessarily required.
- the thickness of the refractive index intermediate layer is required to be 20 to 50 nm.
- the titanium oxide layer used as a refractive index intermediate layer is inherently insulative and conductive. There is a problem when the resistance of the layer increases.
- a practical electrode and a solar cell can be formed by forming an oxide semiconductor film on a conductive surface (for example, see Patent Documents 4 and 5).
- these electrodes are for a dye-sensitized solar cell, and the oxide semiconductor film is formed to adsorb the dye. Therefore, there is a problem that it is not suitable as a generally used solar cell.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-7-131044
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-227307
- Patent Document 3 Patent No. 2939780
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-10-92477
- Patent Document 5 JP 2002-145615 A
- Patent Document 6 JP 2001-60703 A
- Patent Document 7 International Publication No. 2003/036657 pamphlet
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems of the prior art, and has a C light source haze ratio, a high light transmittance, and a transparent conductive film capable of maintaining conductivity. It is an object to provide a substrate, a method for producing the substrate, and a photoelectric conversion element using the substrate. Means for solving the problem
- the present invention achieves the above object, and has the following features.
- a substrate with a transparent conductive film comprising: a conductive layer formed on a substrate; and a titanium oxide layer having a thickness of 0.5 to 10 nm on the conductive layer.
- a substrate with a transparent conductive film wherein the C light source haze ratio of the substrate with a transparent conductive film according to (1) or (2) is 5 to 90%.
- the substrate with a transparent conductive film according to any one of the above items.
- a method for producing a substrate with a transparent conductive film comprising sequentially forming a conductive layer and a titanium oxide layer having a thickness of 0.5 to 10 nm on the substrate by normal pressure thermal CVD.
- the substrate with a transparent conductive film of the present invention has a high C light source haze ratio and a high light transmittance, particularly a high conductivity in a wavelength range of 400 to 1200 nm, and is excellent in conductivity.
- the solar cell using the substrate with a transparent conductive film of the present invention has a significantly improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a substrate with a transparent conductive film of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a solar cell using the transparent conductive substrate of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the conductive substrate for a solar cell of the present invention. Explanation of symbols
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the substrate with a transparent conductive film of the present invention, in which the incident light side is Shown as upper side.
- a substrate 1 with a transparent conductive film of the present invention comprises, on a substrate 2, a transparent conductive film 10 comprising a high refractive index layer 3, a low refractive index layer 4, a conductive layer 5, and a titanium oxide layer 6.
- the substrate 2 is formed by laminating in this order. Note that “up” means a direction in which the transparent conductive film 10 is formed, as viewed from the base 2.
- each layer will be described.
- the cross-sectional shape of the base 2 is a flat plate.
- the cross-sectional shape of the substrate 2 is not limited to this, and can be appropriately selected according to the shape of the solar cell manufactured using the substrate 1. Therefore, it may have a curved shape or another irregular shape.
- the substrate 2 that can be used for the substrate 1 with a transparent conductive film of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is excellent in light transmission (light transmission) and mechanical strength. Specifically, for example, a substrate 2 made of glass, plastic, or the like can be given.
- the base 2 made of glass having excellent translucency, mechanical strength, heat resistance, and cost is preferable.
- the glass material that forms the base 2 includes colorless and transparent soda lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borate glass, lithium aluminosilicate glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, and various other types of glass. You can choose.
- the thickness of the substrate 2 is preferably 0.2 to 6 mm. Within this range, the substrate 2 has excellent mechanical strength and translucency.
- the base 2 has excellent light transmittance in a wavelength region of 400 to 1200 nm.
- the average light transmittance in the wavelength region of 400 to 1200 nm is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more, and particularly preferably 90% or more.
- the base 2 preferably has excellent chemical and physical durability, and preferably has excellent insulating properties.
- the high-refractive-index layer 3 is used in combination with the low-refractive-index layer 4 to improve the light transmittance of the substrate with the transparent conductive film.
- the high-refractive-index layer 3 is a layer having a higher light refractive index in the wavelength region of 400 to 1200 nm than the substrate 2, and specifically, at least one layer selected from the group consisting of a titanium oxide layer and a tin oxide layer. Illustrated. Since the titanium oxide layer has a higher refractive index than the tin oxide film, it is preferable in that the layer thickness can be reduced.
- the high-refractive-index layer is mainly formed by a normal-pressure thermal CVD method. However, when a tin oxide layer is used as the high-refractive-index layer, tin tetrachloride tin used as a raw material reacts with the alkali metal of the glass substrate.
- an underlayer for preventing the generation of salt is required because salt is generated.
- the titanium oxide layer is preferred because such an underlayer is not required.
- the titanium oxide layer is a layer substantially composed of only titanium oxide, and the proportion of titanium oxide in the components contained in the layer is 90 mol% or more, 95 mol% or more, and 98 mol. Re, especially preferred to be more than / o.
- the high refractive index layer 3 has a thickness of preferably 5 nm or more and less than 22 nm, more preferably 10 20 nm.
- the thickness of the high-refractive-index layer 3 is 5 nm or more and less than 22 nm, the dispersion of the haze factor of the C light source when viewed as a whole as a whole with the transparent conductive film 1 is small, and the light transmittance, particularly light in the wavelength region of 400 to 1200 nm. It is preferable because the transmittance is high.
- the interface between the high refractive index layer 3 and the base 2 and the interface with the low refractive index layer 4 be substantially flat.
- the interface with the substrate 2 is preferably substantially flat. If the interface with the substrate 2 and the interface with the low refractive index layer 4 are substantially flat, it is possible to reduce the variation in the haze ratio of the C light source when the substrate 1 with the transparent conductive film is viewed as the entire substrate. Excellent in that respect.
- the high-refractive-index layer 3 has an arithmetic average roughness (R) of lnm or less, especially 0.
- it is 6 nm or less.
- the low-refractive-index layer 4 is used in combination with the high-refractive-index layer 3 to improve the light transmittance of the substrate with the transparent conductive film.
- the low-refractive-index layer is a layer having a lower light refractive index in the wavelength region of 400 to 1,200 nm than the base 2 and the conductive layer 5, and specifically includes a silica layer.
- the silica layer is a layer substantially composed of silica, and the ratio of silica in the components contained in the layer is 90 mol% or more and 95 mol. / 0 or more, and particularly preferably 98 mol% or more.
- the low refractive index layer 4 preferably has a thickness of 1050 nm. The thickness of the low refractive index layer 4
- the thickness is 10-50 nm, the haze ratio of the C light source of the substrate 1 with a transparent conductive film is high, and the variation in the haze ratio of the C light source is small.
- the thickness of the low refractive index layer 4 is more preferably 2040 nm, and particularly preferably 20-35 nm.
- the interface with the high refractive index layer 3 and the interface with the conductive layer 5 are substantially flat. If the interface with the conductive layer 5 is substantially flat, the crystal of the conductive layer 5 laminated thereon grows in-plane uniformly, resulting in a variation in the haze ratio of the C light source of the substrate 1 with the transparent conductive film.
- the low refractive index layer 4 has an arithmetic average roughness (R) of 2 nm or less, particularly 1 nm or less, and more preferably 0 nm when the surface before forming the conductive layer 5 thereon is measured by an atomic force microscope (AFM). It is preferably 6 nm or less.
- the low refractive index layer 4 is oxidized from the glass base 2. It also acts as an alkali barrier layer for minimizing the diffusion of alkali components into the tin layer 5.
- the substrate 1 with a transparent conductive film of the present invention comprises a high refractive index layer 3 having a higher refractive index in the wavelength region of 400 to 1200 nm than the substrate 2 between the substrate 2 and the conductive layer 5; It is preferable that the low refractive index layer 4 having a lower light refractive index than 5 is formed in this order.
- the conductive layer 5 is preferably a layer that is transparent and excellent in conductivity, and specifically includes a tin oxide layer.
- the conductive layer preferably has a thickness of 0.5-0.9 ⁇ , and more preferably 0.6-0.8 / im.
- the thickness of the conductive layer exceeds 0.9 ⁇ , the absorptivity of the conductive layer increases, so that the transmittance of the substrate 1 with the transparent conductive film decreases.
- the thickness of the conductive layer is less than 0.5 ⁇ , the unevenness on the surface of the conductive layer is reduced, and the haze ratio is easily reduced to 5% or less, and the light confinement effect is easily lost.
- the conductive layer 5 has a particularly high light transmittance, particularly a light transmittance in a wavelength region of 400 to 1200 ⁇ m, and a high conductivity.
- the thickness of the conductive layer 5 is a value including surface irregularities described later.
- the conductive layer 5 is preferably formed with unevenness uniformly over the entire surface.
- the unevenness preferably has a height difference (height difference between the convex portion and the concave portion) of 0.2 to 0.5 xm.
- the pitch between the convex portions is preferably 0.2-2.75 ⁇ , more preferably 0.3-0.45 / im. .
- the haze ratio of the substrate 1 with a transparent conductive film is increased by light scattering.
- the unevenness is formed uniformly over the entire surface of the conductive layer 5, the haze ratio is less dispersed when viewed as the entire substrate 1.
- the tin oxide layer which is the conductive layer 5, is preferably mainly made of tin oxide, and is preferably doped with a substance for exhibiting conductivity.
- the ratio of tin oxide contained in the layer is preferably 90 mol% or more, more preferably 95 mol% or more.
- fluorine or antimony can be used as the substance to be dropped. Of these, fluorine is preferred. More specifically, the tin oxide layer is preferably doped with 0.014 mol% of fluorine based on 1 mol of tin oxide.
- the tin oxide layer is preferably doped with a substance for exhibiting conductivity, because the density of conductive electrons is improved.
- the tin oxide layer preferably has a conductive electron density in the range of 5 X 10 19 — 4 XI 0 2 ° cm — 3 1 X 10 2 ° — 2 X 10 2 ° cm_ 3 More preferred.
- the conductive electron density of the tin oxide layer is in the above range, the tin oxide layer is highly transparent with little light absorption.
- the transparency is not impaired even if hydrogen plasma irradiation, which is generally used for forming thin-film silicon-based solar cells, is performed.
- the conductive layer preferably has a sheet resistance of 5 to 20 ⁇ / port, more preferably 5 to 12 ⁇ / port.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the substrate with a transparent conductive film of the present invention, in which the incident light side is shown as the upper side.
- the substrate 1 with a transparent conductive film comprises a substrate 2, a high refractive index layer 3, a low refractive index layer 4, an island layer 20, an island upper layer 21, and a conductive layer. 5 and a titanium oxide layer 6 are formed by laminating in this order from the substrate 2 side. And base 2, high refractive index layer 3, low refractive index The layer 4, the conductive layer 5, and the titanium oxide layer 6 are as described above. Since these films can be formed in the same apparatus, they are excellent in that they have excellent productivity and can be formed without defects.
- the island layer 20 has a height of 0.2-2 ⁇ m, a bottom diameter of 0.2-2 ⁇ m, and an island pitch of 0.1-2 ⁇ m. It is preferable because it can be performed. Further, it is preferable that an island-shaped upper layer 21 different from the island-shaped layer 20 is formed on the island-shaped layer 20 with a thickness of about 150 nm. Specific examples of the island-like layer 20 include a tin oxide layer, an indium oxide layer, a zinc oxide layer, and a mixed layer of these. If the island-like layer 20 can be formed in an island shape and the light transmittance is high, the material is particularly Not limited.
- the island-shaped upper layer 21 is specifically exemplified by silica, but the material is not particularly limited as long as the material is different from the island-shaped layer 20 and the light transmittance is high.
- the thickness of the titanium oxide layer needs to be 0.5 to 10 nm, and preferably 0.5 to 5 nm in terms of maintaining transparency and conductivity. In particular, when the thickness is 0.5 nm or more and less than 2 nm, transparency and electric conductivity are particularly excellent. When the thickness of the titanium oxide layer 6 is in the range of 0.5 to 10 nm, the influence on the height difference and the pitch of the unevenness of the tin oxide layer is small. Further, by using titanium oxide as a material of the layer, conductivity can be maintained even in a thin layer, and plasma resistance can be improved, which is preferable. Further, providing the titanium oxide layer 6 as the outermost layer is preferable in that transparency and conductivity can be maintained.
- the substrate with a transparent conductive film of the present invention has a C light source haze ratio CFIS
- the haze ratio of the light source C is preferably 90%, particularly 20-90%, and more preferably 40-70%. If the C light source haze ratio is 590%, it is preferable because variation in the C light source haze ratio can be reduced when viewed over the entire substrate.
- the substrate with a transparent conductive film of the present invention has a small variation in the factor of the C light source when viewed over the entire substrate.
- the haze rate of the C light source is set to 10 m in the longitudinal direction of the substrate.
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the measured haze ratio is 5% or less.
- the difference is more preferably 3% or less, and even more preferably 2% or less.
- the substrate with a transparent conductive film of the present invention is excellent in light transmittance, particularly in the wavelength region of 400 to 1200 nm.
- the average light transmittance in the wavelength region of 400 to 1200 nm is preferably 80% or more.
- the average light transmittance is more preferably 83% or more, even more preferably 86% or more.
- the substrate with a transparent conductive film of the present invention can be formed by a method such as a sputtering method or a wet method, and it is particularly preferable to use a normal pressure thermal CVD method in terms of cost and the like.
- the use of the atmospheric pressure thermal CVD method allows the layers to be formed densely.
- a method for producing a substrate with a transparent conductive film of the present invention using a normal pressure thermal CVD method will be described with reference to preferred examples, but is not limited to the method described below.
- the glass substrate moving in a fixed direction is heated to a high temperature (for example, 500 ° C.) using a belt conveyor furnace.
- a high temperature for example, 500 ° C.
- tetraisopropoxytitanium which is a raw material of the titanium oxide layer as the high refractive index layer 3
- nitrogen gas a nitrogen gas
- a silane gas which is a raw material of the silica layer as the low refractive index layer 4 is sprayed on the substrate surface, and the silica is deposited on the titanium oxide layer. A layer is formed.
- the substrate on which the titanium oxide layer and the silica layer are formed is heated (for example, at 520 ° C.), and tin tetrachloride, water and hydrogen fluoride are simultaneously sprayed on the surface of the substrate to form a conductive layer on the silica layer.
- a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer, layer 5, is formed.
- the tin oxide layer formed by this procedure has irregularities uniformly over the entire surface.
- tin tetrachloride and water are preferably sprayed on the substrate in a state of a gas containing them at the same time. It is preferable to blow a gas having a different mixing ratio of the tetra-shoulder tin and water from a plurality of positions on the downstream side. At this time, the gas on the upstream side with respect to the moving direction of the substrate is The water concentration is lower than that of the downstream gas. This procedure is preferable for producing a substrate with a transparent conductive film having a C light source haze ratio of 20% or more.
- the substrate on which the titanium oxide layer, the silica layer and the tin oxide layer are formed is heated (for example, at 520 ° C.) to vaporize tetraisopropoxytitanium which is a raw material of the titanium oxide layer,
- the titanium oxide layer 6 is formed on the surface of the base by mixing with the gas and spraying the mixture on the surface of the base.
- the substrate with a transparent conductive film of the present invention has a difference in the material of the photoelectric conversion layer such as amorphous silicon-based or crystalline silicon-based, or a single-layer structure, or a tandem structure. It can be used for a wide variety of types and types of solar cells regardless of the structure. Therefore, it can be used for an amorphous silicon-based photoelectric conversion element having a single structure.
- the substrate with a transparent conductive film of the present invention is particularly useful for a crystalline silicon photoelectric conversion element having a microcrystalline layer.
- a crystalline silicon photoelectric conversion element having a microcrystalline layer By setting the haze ratio of the C light source in the above range, it becomes possible to reflect more light on the long wavelength side, particularly 500 to 1200 nm. Since the microcrystalline layer easily absorbs light on the long wavelength side, such a structure is preferable because improvement in photoelectric conversion efficiency can be expected and light deterioration is reduced.
- Examples of the crystalline silicon-based photoelectric conversion element having the microcrystalline layer include a single-layer photoelectric conversion element having a microcrystalline layer and a tandem photoelectric conversion element having a microcrystalline layer and an amorphous silicon layer. You.
- a titanium oxide layer as a high-refractive-index layer having a thickness of 12 nm, a silica layer as a low-refractive-index layer having a thickness of 32 nm, and a silicon oxide doped with fluorine having a thickness of 0.7 ⁇ ⁇ are formed on the substrate. And a titanium oxide layer having a thickness of 1 nm are formed in this order from the substrate side.
- the substrate is preheated to 500 ° C in a belt conveyor furnace.
- a titanium oxide layer which is a raw material gas for the titanium oxide layer, is sprayed on the substrate moving in a certain direction to form a titanium oxide layer on the surface of the substrate.
- Tetraisopropoxy titanium is put into a bubbler tank maintained at 90 ° C, and is vaporized by supplying nitrogen at 10 liters per minute (hereinafter referred to as L) from a cylinder.
- silane gas per minute 0.1 L of silane gas per minute and 5 L of oxygen gas per minute are sprayed on the surface of the titanium oxide layer formed on the substrate to form a silica layer.
- the substrate on which the silica layer was formed was heated to 520 ° C, and a gas containing tin tetrachloride, water and hydrogen fluoride was blown at the same time, whereby tin oxide doped with 3.5 mol% of fluorine was doped.
- a gas containing tin tetrachloride, water and hydrogen fluoride was blown at the same time, whereby tin oxide doped with 3.5 mol% of fluorine was doped.
- the Shishio-Dani tin is put into a bubbler tank maintained at 45 ° C, and nitrogen is introduced from a cylinder to evaporate. Water was supplied from a boiler maintained above 100 ° C. Hydrogen fluoride gas is vaporized from a cylinder heated to 40 ° C. The mixed gas is blown using two injectors at two locations, upstream and downstream in the direction of substrate movement.
- the substrate on which the tin oxide layer is formed is heated to 520 ° C., and tetraisopropoxytitanium is sprayed to form a titanium oxide layer on the surface of the substrate.
- Tetraisopropoxytitanium is put into a bubbler tank maintained at 90 ° C and vaporized by supplying 0.5 L / min of nitrogen from a cylinder.
- a substrate having a titanium oxide layer, a silica layer, a tin oxide layer and a titanium oxide layer formed on the glass substrate in this order from the substrate side is subjected to a resistance lowering treatment.
- a resistance lowering treatment Specifically, as described in JP-A-2-168507, the above substrate is heat-treated at 350 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 15 ppm. By this treatment, excess oxygen is removed from the tin oxide film, and the resistance of the conductive layer is reduced.
- A Layer Thickness (Titanium Oxide Layer, Silica Layer, Tin Oxide Layer, Titanium Oxide Layer) (Hereinafter, the titanium oxide layer near the substrate is the first titanium oxide layer, and the titanium oxide layer far from the substrate is the titanium oxide layer. It is called two layers.)
- the thickness of the titanium oxide first layer and the titanium oxide second layer is determined by forming a photoelectric conversion layer described later, observing and photographing a cross section of the photoelectric conversion element with a transmission electron microscope (hereinafter, referred to as TEM), The second layer of titanium oxide is determined from the contrast, and the thickness of the second layer of titanium oxide is calculated.
- the silica layer is partially masked in advance on the substrate, the mask is removed after film formation, a step is formed, and the step is measured by a surface roughness meter to obtain a layer thickness.
- the tin oxide layer After forming the tin oxide layer, only a part of the tin oxide layer is covered with a mask and etched with zinc powder and dilute hydrochloric acid to form a step, and the step is measured by the surface roughness meter described above. Measure to determine the layer thickness.
- the haze rate of the C light source (ilS K7105-1981) on the entire surface of the substrate is measured with a haze meter (TC-H3, manufactured by Tokyo Denshoku).
- the sheet resistance is measured with a four-probe sheet resistance meter (MCP-TESTER FP: manufactured by Mitsubishi Yuka).
- (E) Fluorine concentration in the tin oxide layer The concentration of fluorine in the tin oxide layer is determined by dissolving the tin oxide layer in hydrochloric acid containing zinc and performing quantitative analysis by gas chromatography.
- the thickness of the second layer of titanium oxide is 1.5 nm (Example 2), 2 nm (Example 3), 3 nm (Example 4), 5 nm (Example 5), 10 nm (Example 6), l lnm (Example 7),
- a substrate with a transparent conductive film is obtained in the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the thickness is 30 nm (Example 8) and Onm (that is, the titanium oxide second layer is not formed) (Example 9).
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a first titanium oxide layer and a silica layer are formed.
- a tin oxide layer is formed in the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the value is set to 100.
- a second layer of titanium oxide is formed in the same procedure as in Example 1, and the same resistance reduction treatment as in Example 1 is performed to obtain a substrate with a transparent conductive film.
- the thickness of the second layer of titanium oxide was 1.5 nm (Example 11), 2 nm (Example 12), 3 nm (Example 13), 5 nm (Example 14), 1 Onm (Example 15), l lnm (Example 16), A substrate with a transparent conductive film is obtained in the same procedure as in Example 1, except that 30 nm (Example 17) and Onm (that is, the titanium oxide second layer is not formed) (Example 18) are used.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a first titanium oxide layer and a silica layer are formed.
- tin tetrachloride, water and hydrogen chloride gas are sprayed simultaneously to form an island-shaped tin oxide layer.
- the height of the island-shaped tin oxide layer is 0.4-0.7 / im
- the bottom diameter is 0.4-1-1 / im
- the island pitch is 0.9-1.1 / im.
- 0.1 L / min of silane gas and 5 L / min of oxygen gas are sprayed on the surface of the island-shaped tin oxide layer formed on the substrate to form a 20 nm silica layer.
- a tin oxide layer and a titanium oxide second layer were formed in the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the tin oxide layer was changed to 0.6 xm, and the same resistance reduction treatment as in Example 1 was performed. To obtain a substrate with a transparent conductive film.
- the thickness of the titanium oxide second layer is 1.5 nm (Example 20), 2 nm (Example 21), 3 nm (Example 22), 5 nm (Example 23), 10 nm (Example 24), lnm (Example 25), 30 nm, respectively.
- Example 26 A substrate with a transparent conductive film is obtained in the same procedure as in Example 1 except that Onm (that is, the titanium oxide second layer is not formed) (Example 27).
- Example 5 1 2 32 0.75 30 88.6 11.4 0.05
- Example 6 12 32 0.7 0.7 1 0 30 88.2 11.9 0.05
- Example 20 1 2 32 0.6 0.6 1.5 65 88.1 12.1 0.05
- Example 21 1 2 32 0.6 0.6 2 6 5 88.0 12.2 0.05
- Example 22 1 2 32 0.6 0.6 3 65 87.9 12.3 0.05
- Example 23 1 2 32 0.6 0.6 5 6 5 87.7 12.4 0.05
- Example 26 12 32 0.6 0.6 30 6 5 85.4 15.0 0.05
- Example 27 12 32 0.6 0.65 88.3 12.0 0.05
- the island shape in Examples 19 to 27 is the lamination of an island-shaped tin oxide layer, a 20 nm silica layer on a silica layer, and then a 0.6 m tin oxide layer.
- a photoelectric conversion element is formed by the following procedure.
- Example 11 A substrate with a transparent conductive film formed according to Example 27 is cut out to 40 mm ⁇ 40 mm and washed. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 2, a photoelectric conversion layer 7 is formed on the formed transparent conductive film 10 as follows.
- a photoelectric conversion layer 7 having a p_i_n junction (a p-type semiconductor layer, a p / i buffer layer, an i-type semiconductor layer, and an n-type semiconductor layer) is formed on a transparent conductive film 10 by a plasma CVD apparatus (SLCM-14: manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). ).
- a plasma CVD apparatus SCM-14: manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- Each layer of the p_i-n junction is formed under the following conditions, the thickness of the p-type semiconductor layer is lnm, the thickness of one p / i buffer is 6nm, the thickness of the i-type semiconductor layer is 350nm, and the thickness of the n-type semiconductor layer is The thickness is 40 nm.
- the i-type semiconductor layer is an amorphous silicon layer.
- Substrate surface temperature 180 ° C
- Substrate surface temperature 180 ° C
- Substrate surface temperature 180 ° C
- PH / H 100sccm (PH power SlOOOppm contained in H).
- a back electrode 8 composed of a gallium-doped zinc oxide layer (GZO layer) and an Ag layer is formed in an area of 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm by the following method.
- a GZO film is formed to a thickness of 40 nm by direct current sputtering. At this time, the composition of the GZO layer is equivalent to that of the target.
- Sputtering apparatus the pressure was reduced below pre 10- 4 Pa, 75 sccm Ar gas, CO gas was introduced lsccm, 4 X 10 the pressure in the sputtering apparatus
- an Ag layer is formed to a thickness of 200 nm using a silver target.
- the composition of the Ag layer is equivalent to that of the target.
- Ar gas is introduced into the sputtering apparatus, the pressure in the sputtering apparatus is adjusted to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ , and a film is formed with a sputtering power of 1.4 W / cm 2 .
- the photoelectric conversion element 9 is formed by forming the photoelectric conversion layer 7 and the back surface electrode 8.
- the obtained photoelectric conversion element is irradiated with AM (air mass) 1.5 light (light intensity is 100 mW / cm 2 ) using a solar simulator (CE-24, manufactured by Opto Research), and the current-voltage characteristics are measured. And determine the short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, fill factor and conversion efficiency. Table 2 shows the measured short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and conversion efficiency.
- Example 127 The plasma resistance of the photoelectric conversion element formed from the substrate with a transparent conductive film of 27 is evaluated.
- Example 18, Example 1017, and Example 1926 have good plasma resistance, but Example 9 1827 (elements without the titanium oxide second layer) are not practically plasma resistant. .
- Example 17 18.0 890 0.530 8.5
- a photoelectric conversion element is formed according to the following procedure.
- Example 11 A substrate with a transparent conductive film formed according to Example 27 is cut out to 40 mm ⁇ 40 mm and washed. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 2, a photoelectric conversion layer 7 is formed on the formed transparent conductive film 10 as follows.
- Microcrystalline silicon photoelectric conversion layer having a p_i_n junction (p-type microcrystalline silicon layer, p / i microcrystalline silicon buffer layer, i-type microcrystalline silicon layer, n-type microcrystalline silicon layer) on transparent conductive film 10 7 is formed by a plasma CVD apparatus (SLCM-14: manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- the thickness of the p-type microcrystalline silicon layer is 15 nm
- the thickness of one pZi microcrystalline silicon buffer is 5 nm
- the thickness of the i-type microcrystalline silicon layer is 3 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the n-type microcrystalline silicon layer is 20 nm.
- a GZO layer and a back electrode 8 serving as an Ag layer are formed in the area of 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm by the following method.
- a GZO film is formed to a thickness of 40 nm by direct current sputtering. At this time, the composition of the GZO layer is equivalent to that of the target.
- Sputtering apparatus the pressure was reduced below pre 10- 4 Pa, 75 sccm Ar gas, CO gas was introduced lsccm, 4 X 10 the pressure in the sputtering apparatus
- an Ag layer is formed to a thickness of 200 nm using a silver target.
- the composition of the Ag layer is equivalent to that of the target.
- Ar gas is introduced into the sputtering apparatus, the pressure in the sputtering apparatus is adjusted to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ , and a film is formed with a sputtering power of 1.4 W / cm 2 .
- the photoelectric conversion element 9 is formed by forming the photoelectric conversion layer 7 and the back surface electrode 8.
- the obtained photoelectric conversion element is irradiated with AM (air mass) 1.5 light (light intensity is 100 mW / cm 2 ) using a solar simulator (CE-24, manufactured by Opto Research), and the current-voltage characteristics are measured. And determine the short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, fill factor and conversion efficiency.
- Table 3 shows the measured short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and conversion efficiency.
- Example 11 The plasma resistance of a photoelectric conversion element formed from the substrate with a transparent conductive film of Example 27 is evaluated.
- Examples 18-18, 10-17, 19-19-26 have good plasma resistance, but Examples 9, 18 and 27 (elements without titanium oxide second layer) have good plasma resistance. Is not practically preferable.
- Example 7 20.8 521 0.600 6.5
- Example 8 20.7 519 0.560 6.0
- Example 10 20. 9 506 0. 710 7.5
- Example 14 20.8 512 0.700 7.5
- Example 23 25.0 516 0.670 8.6
- a photoelectric conversion element (single-hole structure, amorphous silicon-based) formed using the substrate with a transparent conductive film formed in Example 1-27, and a photoelectric conversion element formed using the substrate with a transparent conductive film formed in Example 1-27
- the photovoltaic device single structure, microcrystalline system
- the photodegradation was evaluated under a simulator that generates simulated sunlight with an AM (air mass) of 1.5.
- the photodegradation rate of the photoelectric conversion element (single structure, microcrystalline) was about 2% after the irradiation for 1000 hours, whereas that of the photoelectric conversion element (single structure, amorphous silicon) was about 2%. Is about 20%.
- the photoelectric conversion elements of Examples 1 to 6, 10 15 and 19 to 24 have an appropriate value such that the C light source haze ratio of the gas with the transparent conductive film is 765%.
- the average light transmittance is high and the sheet resistance is low, so the photoelectric conversion efficiency is high.
- the second layer of titanium oxide is present, plasma resistance is improved, and the conversion efficiency is higher than the photoelectric conversion elements of Examples 9, 18, and 27 in which the second layer of titanium oxide is not present.
- Examples 7, 8, 16, 17, 25, and 26 are not preferable because the thickness of the second layer of titanium oxide is too large, and the sheet resistance increases to lower the conversion efficiency.
- microcrystalline system is particularly useful because the photodeterioration is less than that of an amorphous silicon system.
- the substrate with a transparent conductive film of the present invention can maintain conductivity in which the haze ratio of the C light source is high and the light transmittance, particularly the light transmittance in the wavelength region of 400 to 1200 nm is high. Therefore, a solar cell using the substrate with a transparent conductive film of the present invention has significantly improved photoelectric conversion efficiency and is useful as an electrode of a photoelectric conversion element.
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JP2008078113A (ja) * | 2006-08-25 | 2008-04-03 | Fujikura Ltd | 透明導電性基板の製造装置 |
CN101566903B (zh) * | 2008-04-25 | 2012-01-18 | 联享光电股份有限公司 | 透明导电膜及应用其的具耐写性高穿透度电阻式触控面板 |
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JP2012004497A (ja) * | 2010-06-21 | 2012-01-05 | Toshiba Corp | 薄膜太陽電池およびその製造方法 |
JP2012043693A (ja) * | 2010-08-20 | 2012-03-01 | Nof Corp | 色素増感太陽電池用透明導電フィルム |
WO2012169602A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-08 | 2012-12-13 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 透明導電膜付き基板 |
WO2012176899A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-23 | 2012-12-27 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 透明導電性酸化物膜付き基体の製造方法 |
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JPWO2013002394A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-30 | 2015-02-23 | 株式会社カネカ | 薄膜太陽電池およびその製造方法 |
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