WO2004086551A1 - 二次電池用非水系電解液及び非水系電解液二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用非水系電解液及び非水系電解液二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004086551A1 WO2004086551A1 PCT/JP2004/003626 JP2004003626W WO2004086551A1 WO 2004086551 A1 WO2004086551 A1 WO 2004086551A1 JP 2004003626 W JP2004003626 W JP 2004003626W WO 2004086551 A1 WO2004086551 A1 WO 2004086551A1
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M4/045—Electrochemical coating; Electrochemical impregnation
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a non-aqueous electrolyte used therein. More specifically, the present invention relates to an electrode formed by depositing an active material thin film that absorbs and releases lithium on a current collector by a CVD method, a sputtering method, an evaporation method, a thermal spraying method, or a plating method. The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte which is effective for improving charge / discharge characteristics during cycling in a lithium secondary battery used as a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- metal oxide salts such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide and lithium manganese oxide are used for the positive electrode of lithium secondary batteries.
- carbonaceous materials such as coke, artificial graphite, and natural graphite are used alone or in combination.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries have been used because ethylene carbonate is less likely to decompose, and the decomposition products generated by partial decomposition of the ethylene carbonate form relatively good protective films on the negative electrode surface. It is frequently used as a main solvent for electrolytes. However, even with ethylene carbonate, there was a problem that the charge and discharge efficiency was lowered because the electrolyte continued to be decomposed in a small amount during the charge and discharge process.
- buren carbonate As a method to improve these problems, for example, buren carbonate It is known that a small amount of such a protective film forming agent is added to an electrolytic solution (for example, JP-A-6-52887). Such protective film forming agents decompose on the carbon-based negative electrode surface during initial charge and discharge, and the decomposed product forms a good protective film, which can improve storage characteristics and cycle characteristics. Used.
- an electrolytic solution for example, JP-A-6-52887
- electrodes formed by depositing active material thin films such as silicon thin films and tin thin films that occlude and release lithium on a current collector by CVD, sputtering, vapor deposition, thermal spraying, or plating are used. Those exhibiting high charge / discharge capacity and excellent charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- Such an electrode has a structure in which the active material thin film is separated into columns by cuts formed in the thickness direction, and the bottom of the columnar portion is in close contact with the current collector. A gap is formed around the columnar portion, and the gap relieves the stress caused by the expansion and contraction of the thin film during the charge / discharge cycle, thereby suppressing the stress that would cause the active material thin film to separate from the current collector. And excellent charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be obtained (JP-A-2002-279972).
- the negative electrode materials of these metals such as silicon and tin, and alloys and oxides containing these elements generally have higher reactivity with various electrolytes, organic solvents, and additives of the electrolyte material than conventional carbon-based negative electrodes. Is very expensive. For this reason, an electrolyte additive capable of forming a protective film adapted to these new anode materials has been desired.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, decomposition
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for a secondary battery capable of realizing a battery and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte are provided.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte for a secondary battery comprises an active material thin film that absorbs and releases lithium.
- the active material thin film is formed by depositing it on a current collector by a CVD method, a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, a thermal spraying method, or a plating method, and the active material thin film is separated into columns by cuts formed in the thickness direction.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte used for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including an aqueous electrolyte includes a compound represented by the following general formula (I).
- RR 2 and R 3 each represent hydrogen or an alkyl group which may have a substituent, and may be the same or different from each other, and are independent substituents. May be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is formed by depositing an active material thin film that stores and releases lithium on a current collector by a CVD method, a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, a thermal spray method, or a plating method.
- the active material thin film is separated into a column shape by a cut formed in the thickness direction, and a negative electrode which is an electrode whose bottom portion is in close contact with the current collector;
- the electrolyte is the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention.
- the lithium ion permeability is improved on the surface including the side surfaces of the columnar portion of the negative electrode active material thin film from the initial charging.
- a high, stable and good protective film is efficiently formed.
- This protective coating suppresses excessive decomposition of the electrolytic solution, thereby stabilizing the columnar structure of the active material thin film and suppressing deterioration and collapse of the columnar portion. Thereby, the charge / discharge cycle characteristics of the lithium secondary battery are improved.
- the general formula (I) is R 1 2 ⁇ Pi 3, each independently, may have a substituent group, a chain alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms.
- R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other, and may have a substituent; a ring-wrapping alkylene group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 3 is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a negative electrode surface according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the coin-shaped cell prepared in the example of the present invention.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention contains a compound represented by the following general formula (I).
- RR 2 and R 3 each represent hydrogen or an alkyl group which may have a substituent, and may be the same or different from each other; However, they may be connected to each other to form a ring.
- Both RR 2 and R 3 are preferably an alkyl group rather than hydrogen. This is because when RR 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, the oxidation resistance and the reduction resistance of the compound represented by the general formula (I) are apt to decrease.
- the optionally substituted alkyl group represented by independent I 1 , R 2 and R 3 may be a chain alkyl group or a cyclic alkyl group.
- the chain alkyl group is a chain alkyl group having 1 or more and 4 or less carbon atoms, specifically, a chain of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, and t-butyl. It may be an alkyl group.
- the cyclic alkyl group may be a cyclic alkyl group having 3 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms, and specifically, may be cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, or the like.
- the alkyl group optionally having a substituent represented by R is a linear alkyl group having 1 or more and 4 or less carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl and n- It may be butyl, i-butyl, t-butyl, or a linear alkyl group having a substituent. If the number of carbons constituting the alkyl group is too large, the oxidation resistance of the compound represented by the general formula (I) may decrease, and the solubility in the electrolytic solution may decrease.
- Independent substituents which may be substituted on the alkyl group represented by R 1 R 2 or R 3 include an alkyl group, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a halogen atom such as an iodine atom, an alkoxy group, and a carbonate group. And a carboxylic acid ester group, an amino group, an amide group and the like. These substituents may be further substituted by a substituent selected from these substituent groups.
- the molecular weight of the optionally substituted alkyl group represented by independent I 1 , R 2 , and R 3 , including the substituent, is usually 200 or less, preferably 100 or less, respectively. It is as follows. If the molecular weight is too large, the solubility of the compound represented by the general formula (I) in a non-aqueous solvent described below tends to decrease, and the viscosity of the electrolytic solution may easily increase.
- the optionally substituted alkyl group represented by RR 2 or R 3 is an alkyl group having no substituent, which has excellent oxidation-reduction resistance, solubility and storage stability. And a fluoroalkyl group in which at least a part (preferably, about 1 or more and about 3 or less in a substituent) of a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom is substituted with fluorine.
- the alkyl group which may have a substituent represented by RR 2 or R 3 which is independent is specifically methyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, ⁇ -fluoroethyl, 3-fluoroethyl.
- the optionally substituted alkyl group may be a methyl group, an ethyl group, a methyl group substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) is excellent in solubility and stability.
- the alkyl group which may have a substituent represented by independent R 1 R 2 and R 3 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a fluoromethyl group, a] 3-fluoroethyl group, a ⁇ , ⁇ ,] 3 If the compound is a trifluoroethyl, ⁇ -propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl or t-butyl group, the compound represented by the general formula (I) can be easily synthesized. You.
- the alkyl group which may have a substituent and is independently represented by RR 2 or R 3 is most preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, or an n-butyl group.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) consisting of only RR 2 and R 3 independently is any of the compounds obtained by a combination of the specific examples of I 1 , R 2 and R 3. Is also good.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) composed of only RR 2 and R 3 independently is preferably N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-fluoromethyl-N-methylacetamide, N, N —Bis (fluoromethyl) acetamide, N, N—Getylacetamide, N, N—bis (] 3—Fluoroethyl) acetoamide, N, N—Bis ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ —Rifluorethyl) acetamide, ⁇ , ⁇ —Dimethylfluoroacetamide, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethyltrifluoroacetamide, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethyl- ⁇ -propioamide, ⁇ , ⁇ -Jethyl- ⁇ -propioamide, or ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylmeth ⁇ —Ptyloamide, and more preferably, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylacetamide, ⁇ , ⁇ -getyl acetoamide,
- the alkylene group formed by RR 2 may be an alkylene group having 3 or more and 5 or less carbon atoms.
- the alkylene group in which RR 2 is bonded to each other to form a ring is, specifically, a compound represented by the general formula (I): 1-alkyl-10 / -butyrolactam (1-alkyl-12-pyrrolidone) ) Skeleton, 1-alkyl- ⁇ -valerolatam (1-alkyl-l-piperidone) skeleton, It may have a 1-alkyl- ⁇ -force prolactam skeleton.
- R 1 and R 2 may be substituted with each other to form an alkylene group that forms a ring by bonding to each other, such as an alkyl group, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a halogen atom such as an iodine atom, an alkoxy group, and a carbonate group. And a carboxylic acid ester group, an amino group, an amide group and the like.
- the compound As in the case of the independent alkyl group represented by RR 2 , when the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group that forms a ring by combining R 1 and R 2 with each other is too large, the compound is represented by the general formula (I). There is a possibility that the oxidation resistance of the compound may be reduced and the solubility in the electrolytic solution may be reduced.
- the molecular weight of the alkylene group including the substituent is usually 200 or less, preferably 100 or less. If the molecular weight is too large, the solubility of the compound represented by the general formula (I) tends to decrease, and the viscosity of the electrolytic solution may easily increase.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) has excellent oxidation-reduction resistance, solubility, and storage stability.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) has two fluorine atoms bonded to the same carbon atom, or has a carbon at the higher position when viewed from the nitrogen atom of the lactam ring.
- the carbon has an alkylene group to which a fluorine atom is bonded, the thermal stability of the compound is low, and the storage stability in an electrolyte or a battery may be reduced.
- R 3 is the aforementioned independent R 3 .
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) in which R 1 and R 2 are bonded to each other to form a ring is preferably 1-methyl ⁇ /-1 T-butyrolactam, 1-funolelomethyl-1-1 / -petit mouth Lactam, 1-methinolate 3-Fluoro one-mouth ratatam, 1-methyl-4-furanolole gamma-butyrolactam, 1-trifnoroleolomethinole gamma-butyrolactam, 1
- force caprolactam 1 i (3- Furuoroechiru) Single .epsilon. force Puroratatamu, or 1- (] 3, beta '3- Furuoroechiru) Single epsilon - It is a force prolactam.
- 1-methyl- / butyrolactam, 1-methinole 3-phenylenolate ⁇ -petit mouth ratatam, 1-etinore ⁇ 1-butyrolatatam, 1- ( ⁇ , ⁇ , j3-fluorene) Puchirorakutamu, 1-methyl- ⁇ - force caprolactam, 1-methyl-3-Furuoro epsilon - force Prolacta arm, 1- Echiru one epsilon - force caprolactam, or 1 one (0, beta, J3- Furuoroechiru) Single f Ichiriki caprolactam is More preferably, more preferably, 1-methyl-1- / petit-mouth ratatam, 1-ethyl- ⁇ -butyrolactam, 1-methyl ⁇ - ⁇ -force prolatatam or 1-ethyl- £ -force prolatatam.
- the connecting chain forming this ring may be an alkylene group having 4 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I), wherein R 2 and R 3 are bonded to each other and have an alkylene group wound around a ring containing ⁇ , has a structure of 1-acylpyrrolidine skeleton, 1-acylbiperidine skeleton, It may have a skeleton such as a 1-acyl-1-azacic heptane skeleton or a 1-acyl-1-azacyclooctane skeleton.
- R 2 and R 3 are bonded to each other to form a ring containing ⁇ , and the substituent which may be substituted on the alkylene group represented by R 2 or R 3 is an alkyl group, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine. atom And the like, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, a carbonate group, a carboxylate group, an amino group, an amide group and the like.
- the connecting chain in which R 2 and R 3 are bonded to each other to form a ring containing N may be such that R 2 and R 3 form a ring through the above substituent.
- an amide group is introduced into R 2 or R 3 , and R 2 and R 3 are bonded via the amide group Good thing, even.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) has a 1,4-diasylbiperazine skeleton
- one or more amides having one or more alkyl groups represented by R 2 and R 3 are used.
- a ring may be formed by bonding through a group, and as a result, the ring may have a plurality of amide groups.
- the molecular weight of the connecting chain in which R 2 and R 3 are bonded to each other to form a ring is generally 200 or less, preferably 100 or less, including the substituent. If the molecular weight is too large, the solubility of the compound represented by the general formula (I) tends to decrease, and the viscosity of the electrolytic solution tends to increase.
- the linking chain in which R 2 and R 3 are bonded to each other to form a ring is an unsubstituted alkylene group or a fluoroalkylene group in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms is substituted with fluorine.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) has excellent oxidation-reduction resistance, solubility, and storage stability.
- R 1 is the aforementioned independent R 1 .
- the compound represented by the general formula (I), in which R 2 and R 3 are bonded to each other to form a ring, is preferably 1-acetylpyrrolidine, 1-acetyl-1-2-fluoropyrrolidine, 1-acetyl. 1-3-Fluoropyrrolidine, 1- (1-Pyrrolidyl) 1-2-Fluorometanone, 1-1 (1-Pyrrolidyl) -1-ethanone, 1- (1-Pyrrolidyl) -1-3-Fluoroethanone, 1- (1-Pyrrolidyl) 1) 3,3,3-Trifluoroethanone, 1-Acetylpiperidine, 1-Acetyl-12-Fluoropiperidine, 1-Acetyl-3-Fluoropiperidine, 1-Acetyl-4-Fluoropiridine, 1- ( 1-piperidyl) ⁇ 2-fluoromethanone, 1- (1-piperidyl) -ethanone,
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) has high lithium ion permeability and good stability on the surface (including side surfaces) of the columnar portion of the negative electrode active material thin film from the initial charging. Efficient formation of a good protective film suppresses excessive decomposition of the electrolytic solution, stabilizes the columnar structure of the active material thin film, and suppresses deterioration and collapse of the columnar portion, resulting in charge and discharge. It is estimated that the cycle characteristics are improved. If the amount of the compound represented by the general formula (I) in the electrolyte is too small, formation of such a protective film may be incomplete, and the initial effect may not be sufficiently exhibited.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) is usually at least 0.1% by weight, preferably at least 0.1% by weight, more preferably at least 0.5% by weight, based on the electrolyte solution.
- the content is 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less, more preferably 3% by weight or less.
- non-aqueous solvent used in the electrolytic solution of the present invention examples include cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, lactone compounds (cyclic carboxylic esters), chain carboxylic esters, cyclic ethers, and chain ethers. Examples thereof include ethers and sulfur-containing organic solvents. These solvents may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- cyclic carbonates preferred are cyclic carbonates, ratatotone compounds, chain carbonates, chain carboxylate esters, and chain ethers having a total carbon number of 3 to 9, respectively. It is desirable to include one or both of a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate.
- the cyclic carbonate, rataton compound, chain carbonate, chain carboxylate, and chain ether each having a total carbon number of 3 to 9 may be any of the following i) to V). .
- Cyclic carbonate having a total carbon number of 3 to 9 examples include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, and vinylinoleethylene carbonate. Of these, ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate are more preferred.
- Rataton compounds having a total carbon number of 3 to 9 ⁇ / one-petal rataton, two-valerolactone, ⁇ -valerolatone, etc., of which ⁇ -butyrolataton is more preferable.
- Chain carboxylic esters having a total of 3 to 9 carbon atoms methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, mono-n-propynole acetate, mono-i-propynole acetate, mono-n-butyl, mono-butyl acetate, mono-butyl acetate, and mono-t-acetic acid Examples thereof include butyl, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, n-propyl propionate, i-propyl propionate, n-butyl propionate, i-butyl propionate, and t-butyl propionate. Of these, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, and ethyl propionate are more preferred.
- At least 70% by volume of the non-aqueous solvent is at least one selected from ratatone compounds, cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, chain ethers and chain carboxylic esters having 3 to 9 carbon atoms in total. It is preferable that 20% by volume or more of the nonaqueous solvent is a lactone compound having 3 to 9 carbon atoms and / or a cyclic carbonate having 3 to 9 carbon atoms.
- the lithium salt as a solute of the electrolytic solution of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be used as a solute.
- the lithium salt may be an inorganic salt or an organic salt.
- Inorganic lithium salt L i PF 6, L i A s F 6, L i BF 4, L i A 1 inorganic fluoride salts F 4, etc., L i C 1 O 4, L i B r 0 4, L i I 0 may be a perhalogenated acid salts such as 4.
- Organic lithium salt L i CF 3 S 0 organic sulfonates such as 3, L i N (CF 3 SO 2) 2 , L i N (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , L i N (CF 3 S 0 2 ) (C 4 F 9 S 0 2 ), etc., perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid imide salt, L i C (CF 3 S0 2 ) 3 etc.
- perfluoroalkyl sulfonate methide salt L i PF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 , L i PF 2 (C 2 F 5 ) 4 , L i PF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 , L i B (CF 3 ) 4 , L i BF (CF 3 ) 3 , L i BF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 L i BF 3 (CF 3 ), L i B (C 2 F 5 ) 4 , L i
- fluorine atoms such as BF (C 2 F 5 ) 3 , LiBF 2 (C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiBF 3 (C 2 F 5 ), were substituted with perfluoroalkyl groups It may be a fluorine-containing organic lithium salt such as an inorganic fluoride salt.
- Lithium salt preferably, L i PF 6, L i BF 4, L i N (CF 3 SO 2) 2, L i N (C 2 F 5 S 0 2) 2, L i N (CF 3 SO 2 ) (C 4 F 9 SO 2 ), L i PF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 , L i PF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 , and L i BF 2 (C 2 F 5 ) 2 .
- One of these lithium salts may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- IBF 4 and / or L i PF 6 as lithium salt are contained in the total lithium salt in the battery in a proportion of usually 5 mo 1% or more, preferably 30 mo 1% or more, and usually 100 mo 1% or less. It is desirable to do. That is, when Li BF 4 and / or Li PF 6 are used as the lithium salt, an excellent electrolytic solution having high electrochemical stability and high electric conductivity in a wide temperature range can be obtained. L i 8 4 ⁇ Pi / or 1 ⁇ when the ratio of i PF 6 is too low These performance may be insufficient.
- the concentration of the solute lithium salt in the electrolytic solution is 0.5 mol / liter or more and 3 mol / liter or less. If the concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte is too low, the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte becomes insufficient due to the absolute lack of concentration, and if the concentration is too high, the electrical conductivity decreases due to an increase in viscosity. Since deposition at low temperatures is likely to occur, battery performance tends to decrease.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention contains, in addition to the non-aqueous solvent, the compound represented by the general formula (I) and the lithium salt, a known overcharge inhibitor, a dehydrating agent, a deoxidizing agent, and the like. You can do it.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the surface of a negative electrode according to the present invention.
- the negative electrode has a current collector 1 and an active material thin film formed on the current collector 1 for inserting and extracting lithium.
- the thin film is formed by being deposited on the current collector 1 by a CVD method, a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, a thermal spraying method, or a plating method.
- the columnar portions 3 are formed by separating the active material thin films by cuts (voids) 2 formed in the thickness direction. The bottom of the columnar portion 3 is in close contact with the surface 1 a of the current collector 1.
- the cut 2 is generally formed by charging and discharging after the first time along a low-density region extending in the thickness direction of the active material thin film.
- the protective film 4 is formed on the surface of the columnar portion 3.
- the active material for forming the thin film a material giving a high volume theoretical capacity is preferable, and examples thereof include silicon, germanium, tin, lead, zinc, magnesium, sodium, aluminum, potassium, and zinc. Among them, silicon, germanium, tin, and aluminum are preferable, and silicon or tin is more preferable.
- the active material thin film may be formed of an amorphous silicon thin film or a microcrystalline silicon thin film, or tin and an alloy of tin and the current collector metal.
- the components of the current collector 1 are diffused in the active material thin film constituting the columnar portion 3, and the force, It is preferable that this state is stable.
- the active material thin film is made of silicon, it is preferable that the components of the current collector diffused into the active material thin film form a solid solution without forming an intermetallic compound with silicon, and in this case,
- the active material thin film is preferably an amorphous silicon thin film or a microcrystalline silicon thin film.
- a mixed phase of a current collector component and tin is preferably formed separately between the current collector and the thin film of the active material alone.
- This mixed phase may be formed from an intermetallic compound of tin and a current collector component, or may be formed from a solid solution.
- these mixed layers can be formed by heat treatment.
- the heat treatment conditions vary depending on the active material components, the thickness of the active material thin film, and the type of current collector.
- a tin film having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m is formed on a current collector made of copper, the current collector having the film has a temperature of 100 ° C or more and 240 ° C or less. It is preferable to perform vacuum heat treatment.
- the thickness of the active material thin film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 ⁇ or more in order to obtain a high charge / discharge capacity.
- the thickness is preferably 20 / zm or less.
- the current collector can be formed of any metal material that can form an active material thin film with good adhesion on the current collector and does not alloy with lithium.
- the current collector preferably comprises at least one selected from copper, nickel, stainless steel, molybdenum, tungsten, and tantalum, more preferably copper or nickel, which is easily available, and particularly preferably ⁇ !.
- the ratio of the negative electrode current collector to the space in the battery structure increases, which is not preferable, and is preferably 30 ⁇ or less, more preferably 20 m or less. If the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is too small, the strength will be insufficient.
- the current collector 1 is preferably a foil such as a copper thin film whose surface is roughened.
- This foil may be an electrolytic foil.
- the electrolytic foil is obtained, for example, by immersing a metal drum in an electrolytic solution in which ions are dissolved, and by passing an electric current while rotating the metal to deposit metal on the surface of the drum and peeling it off.
- One or both sides of the electrolytic foil may be subjected to a roughening treatment and a surface treatment. Instead of these, a metal may be deposited on one or both sides of the rolled foil by an electrolytic method to roughen the surface.
- the surface roughness Ra of the current collector is preferably at least 0.1 ⁇ , and more preferably at least 0.1 m.
- the surface roughness Ra of the current collector is preferably 1 ⁇ or less.
- the surface roughness Ra is specified in Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS B 0601-1994), and can be measured by, for example, a surface roughness meter.
- the active material thin film may be formed on the current collector using a material in which lithium has been previously stored.
- lithium may be added to the active material thin film. Further, after forming the active material thin film, lithium may be inserted or added to the active material thin film. .
- the positive electrode constituting the battery of the present invention is preferably lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, or a composite oxide containing these oxides. It is composed of a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium, such as a lithium transition metal composite oxide material such as a material.
- a lithium transition metal composite oxide material such as a material.
- One of these positive electrode materials may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- the method for manufacturing the positive electrode is not particularly limited.
- a binder, a thickener, a conductive material, a solvent, and the like may be added to the positive electrode material as necessary to form a slurry, and the positive electrode current collector substrate
- the positive electrode can be manufactured by applying the composition on a substrate and drying.
- the positive electrode material is directly formed into a sheet electrode by roll-forming, a pellet electrode is formed by compression molding, or a thin film is formed on a current collector by a method such as a CVD method, a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, or a thermal spraying method. You can also.
- the adhesive is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that is stable with respect to the solvent and electrolyte used in the production of the electrode and other materials used in the use of the battery.
- Specific examples thereof include polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene'butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, and the like.
- the thickener is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that is stable with respect to the solvent and electrolyte used in the production of the electrode and other materials used in the use of the battery. Specific examples thereof include carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylsenorellose, ethylsenorellose, polyvinylinoleanolone, oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, and casein.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that is stable with respect to the solvent and electrolyte used in manufacturing the electrode and other materials used in using the battery.
- Specific examples thereof include metal materials such as copper and nickel, and carbon materials such as graphite and carbon black.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 ⁇ or less, more preferably 30 ⁇ or less, for the same reason as for the negative electrode current collector.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector is preferably l / zm or more, and more preferably 5 m or more.
- the material and shape of the separator used in the battery of the present invention are not particularly limited, but it is preferable to select from materials that are stable with respect to the electrolytic solution and have excellent liquid retention properties.
- Polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, is It is preferable to use a porous sheet or a non-woven fabric.
- the method for producing the battery of the present invention having at least the negative electrode, the positive electrode, and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from commonly employed methods.
- the shape of the battery is not particularly limited, and is a cylinder type in which a sheet electrode and a separator are spiral, a cylinder type having an inside-out structure in which a pellet electrode and a separator are combined, and a coin type in which a pellet electrode and a separator are laminated. Etc. can be used.
- the use of the electrolytic solution containing the compound represented by the general formula (I) allows the surface (including side surfaces) of the columnar portion 3 of the negative electrode active material thin film from the time of initial charging to be lithium.
- a good protective film 4 having high ion permeability and good stability is efficiently formed, and the protective film 4 suppresses decomposition of the electrolytic solution by the negative electrode active material.
- the columnar structure 3 of the active material thin film on the current collector 1 is stabilized, and deterioration and collapse of the columnar portion are suppressed, so that a non-aqueous electrolyte having excellent charge / discharge efficiency and charge / discharge cycle characteristics is provided.
- a secondary battery is provided. Examples and comparative examples
- the obtained silico According to Raman spectroscopy a peak near the wavelength of 480 cm- 1 was detected, but a peak near the wavelength of 520 cm- 1 was not detected, indicating that the thin film was an amorphous silicon thin film. won.
- the electrolytic copper foil on which the amorphous silicon thin film was formed was vacuum-dried at 100 ° C. for 2 hours, and then punched into a disk having a diameter of 100 mm to obtain a negative electrode.
- L i C o O 2 as a positive electrode active material (manufactured by Nippon Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. C 5) 8 5% by weight of carbon black (Denki Kagaku Kogyo, trade name Denka Black) 6% by weight, polyvinylidene fluoride Biniri Den KF 1 0 0 9 (trade name: KF-100, manufactured by Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added and mixed, and the mixture was dispersed with N-methyl-1-pyrrolidone to form a slurry.
- This slurry is applied evenly on an aluminum foil with a thickness of 20 ⁇ , which is the positive electrode current collector, so as to be 90% of the theoretical capacity of the negative electrode to be used, and dried at 100 ° C for 12 hours.
- a positive electrode was punched out into a disc having a diameter of 10 Omm.
- a positive electrode is accommodated in a stainless steel can that also serves as a positive electrode conductor, and polyethylene is impregnated with the electrolytic solution thereon.
- the negative electrode was placed via a separator made of aluminum.
- the can body and the sealing plate also serving as the negative electrode conductor were caulked and sealed via an insulating gasket to produce a coin cell.
- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the coin cell that was created.
- 11 is a negative electrode can
- 12 is a countersink panel
- 13 is a spacer
- 14 is a negative electrode
- 15 is a separator
- 16 is a positive electrode.
- Reference numeral 17 denotes a spacer
- reference numeral 18 denotes a positive electrode can
- reference numeral 19 denotes a gasket.
- lithium hexafluorophosphate (L i PF 6 ), which was sufficiently dried in an argon atmosphere, was mixed with a solvent obtained by mixing ethylene carbonate and getyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 1: 1.
- An electrolyte was prepared by dissolving to 1 mol / liter and adding the compounds shown in Table 1 to the concentrations shown in Table 1 (but not in Comparative Examples 1 and 2). .
- a coin-type cell was manufactured using this electrolyte and the negative electrode and the positive electrode shown in Table 1, and their evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Table 1 shows that the incorporation of the compound represented by the general formula (I) according to the present invention into the electrolytic solution improves the charge / discharge efficiency and the charge / discharge cycle characteristics of the battery.
- the decomposition of the electrolyte of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is effectively suppressed, the charge / discharge efficiency is high, and the non-aqueous electrolyte having a high energy density exhibiting excellent charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- An aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is provided.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/234,336 US20060035155A1 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2005-09-26 | Nonaqueous electrolyte solution for secondary battery and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
US11/939,697 US20080070123A1 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2007-11-14 | Nonaqueous electrolyte solution for secondary battery and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
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JP2003083085A JP4524543B2 (ja) | 2003-03-25 | 2003-03-25 | 二次電池用非水系電解液及び非水系電解液二次電池 |
JP2003-083085 | 2003-03-25 |
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US11/234,336 Continuation US20060035155A1 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2005-09-26 | Nonaqueous electrolyte solution for secondary battery and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
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US (2) | US20060035155A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4524543B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR100825819B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1762065A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004086551A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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CN111081968A (zh) * | 2018-10-19 | 2020-04-28 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | 用于锂二次电池的负极及其制造方法 |
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KR100904372B1 (ko) * | 2006-07-31 | 2009-06-25 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 집전체 |
TWI358843B (en) * | 2006-10-09 | 2012-02-21 | Lg Chemical Ltd | Non-aqueous electrolyte and secondary battery usin |
WO2008044461A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-04-17 | Panasonic Corporation | Accumulateur secondaire à électrolyte non aqueux et son procédé de production d'électrode négative |
KR100842930B1 (ko) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-07-02 | 강원대학교산학협력단 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
JP5151343B2 (ja) | 2006-12-13 | 2013-02-27 | パナソニック株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用負極とその製造方法およびそれを用いた非水電解質二次電池 |
KR20100065778A (ko) * | 2008-12-08 | 2010-06-17 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
WO2010098043A1 (ja) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-02 | パナソニック株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用負極及び非水電解質二次電池 |
EP2230706A1 (de) * | 2009-03-15 | 2010-09-22 | Ogron Bv | Verfahren zur Herstellung wiederaufladbarer Lithium Batterien mit thermisch beschichteten Kathoden und Anoden und der Möglichkeit des Elektrolytenaustausches |
JP5545291B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-26 | 2014-07-09 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | リチウム二次電池用非水電解液 |
CN102144320A (zh) * | 2009-06-29 | 2011-08-03 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 锂离子电池用负极、其制造方法以及锂离子电池 |
CN102074736B (zh) * | 2010-06-07 | 2012-09-05 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 含聚醚链有机硅胺电解质材料及其在锂电池电解液中的应用 |
WO2012115119A1 (ja) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-08-30 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 非水系電解液、及びそれを用いた電池 |
JP5897444B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-28 | 2016-03-30 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 非水二次電池用電解液及び二次電池 |
CN102569880B (zh) * | 2011-12-31 | 2015-12-02 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | 锂离子二次电池及其电解液以及酰胺类化合物的应用 |
JP5966525B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2016-08-10 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 非水系電解液二次電池用非水系電解液、それを用いた電池 |
KR101430405B1 (ko) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-14 | (주)우주일렉트로닉스 | 리튬이온전지용 음극 재료 및 그의 제조 방법 |
JP5682665B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-03-11 | 宇部興産株式会社 | 非水電解液及びそれを用いたリチウム電池 |
CN114868284A (zh) * | 2019-12-27 | 2022-08-05 | 日本瑞翁株式会社 | 电化学装置、电化学装置用电极、电化学装置用涂覆液及其用途 |
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- 2004-03-18 KR KR1020077029514A patent/KR100825819B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-03-18 WO PCT/JP2004/003626 patent/WO2004086551A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-03-18 CN CNA200480007288XA patent/CN1762065A/zh active Pending
- 2004-03-18 KR KR1020057018115A patent/KR20050118216A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 2005-09-26 US US11/234,336 patent/US20060035155A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN111081968B (zh) * | 2018-10-19 | 2023-08-29 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | 用于锂二次电池的负极及其制造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20070122591A (ko) | 2007-12-31 |
US20060035155A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
JP2004296104A (ja) | 2004-10-21 |
KR100825819B1 (ko) | 2008-04-29 |
CN1762065A (zh) | 2006-04-19 |
KR20050118216A (ko) | 2005-12-15 |
JP4524543B2 (ja) | 2010-08-18 |
US20080070123A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
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