WO2004083498A1 - Iii族元素窒化物単結晶の製造方法およびそれに用いる装置 - Google Patents
Iii族元素窒化物単結晶の製造方法およびそれに用いる装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004083498A1 WO2004083498A1 PCT/JP2004/003391 JP2004003391W WO2004083498A1 WO 2004083498 A1 WO2004083498 A1 WO 2004083498A1 JP 2004003391 W JP2004003391 W JP 2004003391W WO 2004083498 A1 WO2004083498 A1 WO 2004083498A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group iii
- reaction vessel
- single crystal
- flux
- iii element
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical group [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001148 Al-Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N francium atom Chemical compound [Fr] KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 206010016766 flatulence Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FFBGYFUYJVKRNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boranylidynephosphane Chemical compound P#B FFBGYFUYJVKRNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007716 flux method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;azanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[NH2-] BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/38—Nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B9/00—Single-crystal growth from melt solutions using molten solvents
- C30B9/04—Single-crystal growth from melt solutions using molten solvents by cooling of the solution
- C30B9/08—Single-crystal growth from melt solutions using molten solvents by cooling of the solution using other solvents
- C30B9/10—Metal solvents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
- C30B29/406—Gallium nitride
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T117/00—Single-crystal, oriented-crystal, and epitaxy growth processes; non-coating apparatus therefor
- Y10T117/10—Apparatus
- Y10T117/1024—Apparatus for crystallization from liquid or supercritical state
- Y10T117/1092—Shape defined by a solid member other than seed or product [e.g., Bridgman-Stockbarger]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T117/00—Single-crystal, oriented-crystal, and epitaxy growth processes; non-coating apparatus therefor
- Y10T117/10—Apparatus
- Y10T117/1024—Apparatus for crystallization from liquid or supercritical state
- Y10T117/1096—Apparatus for crystallization from liquid or supercritical state including pressurized crystallization means [e.g., hydrothermal]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a group III element nitride single crystal and an apparatus used therefor.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a group III element nitride single crystal.
- Group III element nitride semiconductors are used, for example, in the field of heterojunction high-speed electronic devices and optoelectronic devices (semiconductor lasers, light-emitting diodes, sensors, etc.), and gallium nitride (GaN) is particularly noticeable. It has been. Conventionally, in order to obtain a single crystal of gallium nitride, a direct reaction between the gallium and the nitrogen gas has been performed.
- the obtained single crystal is blackened, and there is a problem in quality.
- the conventional technology cannot produce a large bulk single-crystal gallium nitride single crystal that is transparent, has a low dislocation density, has a uniform thickness (crystal surface is almost horizontal), is high-quality, and has a poor yield.
- the growth rate of the conventional technology is extremely slow, and the gallium nitride reported so far Even the largest single crystal has a maximum diameter of about 1 cm, which does not lead to the practical use of gallium nitride.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is capable of producing a large-sized bulk group III element nitride single crystal that is transparent, has a low dislocation density, has a uniform thickness, is high in quality, and is bulky.
- the aim is to provide a simple manufacturing method.
- a method for producing a group III element nitride single crystal of the present invention comprises a method for producing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Al-Li metal and Al-earth metal; (G a), a reaction vessel containing at least one group III element selected from the group consisting of aluminum (A 1) and indium (In) to form a flux of the metal element. Then, a nitrogen-containing gas is introduced into the reaction vessel, and a group III element and nitrogen are reacted in the flux to grow a group III element nitride single crystal. Then, there is provided a production method in which the single crystal is grown in a state where the flux and the group III element are mixed with stirring.
- the reaction between gallium and nitrogen in the flux is If the flux and the group III element are mixed while stirring, the dissolution rate of nitrogen in the mixed solution is increased, and the flux and nitrogen are uniformly distributed in the flux, and the crystal grows. Since a fresh raw material can always be supplied to the surface, it is possible to rapidly produce a transparent, low-dislocation-density, uniform-thickness, high-quality, large bulk transparent group III element nitride single crystal. According to the study of the present inventors, the flux and the group III element require a long time to be mixed if nothing is done. In this state, it is difficult for nitrogen to dissolve. As a result, it has been found that the growth rate is slow and the distribution of nitrogen is not uniform, so that it is difficult to improve the quality of the obtained crystal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing one embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a swinging state in one embodiment of the manufacturing method of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the reaction vessel of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an SEM photograph of a gallium nitride single crystal of another example of the production method of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an SEM photograph of a gallium nitride single crystal of still another example of the production method of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of a manufacturing apparatus used in another embodiment of the manufacturing method of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a reaction vessel portion of the device.
- the stirring and mixing of the flux and the group III element can be performed, for example, by rocking the reaction vessel, rotating the reaction vessel, or a combination thereof.
- the flux and the group III element are stirred and mixed. it can.
- the mixing and stirring may be performed using a stirring blade. These stirring and mixing means can be combined respectively.
- the swing of the reaction vessel is not particularly limited. For example, after swinging the reaction vessel in a predetermined direction, the swing of the reaction vessel in a direction opposite to the direction is performed. There is movement.
- the swing may be a regular swing or an intermittent and irregular swing.
- rotational movement may be used in combination with swinging.
- the inclination of the reaction vessel in the swing is not particularly limited.
- the period of the swing in the regular case is, for example, 1 second to 10 hours, preferably 30 seconds to 1 hour, and more preferably 1 minute to 20 minutes.
- the maximum inclination of the reaction vessel in the swinging is, for example, 5 to 70 degrees, preferably 10 to 50 degrees, more preferably 15 to 4 degrees with respect to the center line in the height direction of the reaction vessel. 5 degrees.
- the group III element nitride thin film on the substrate may always be rocked while being covered with the flux.
- the reaction vessel may be a crucible.
- a substrate is placed in the reaction vessel, a thin film of a group III element nitride is previously formed on the surface of the substrate, and a single crystal of a group III element nitride is formed on the thin film. Preferably, it is grown.
- the Group III element nitride of the thin film on the substrate may be a single crystal or may be amorphous.
- Examples of the material of the substrate include amorphous gallium nitride (GaN), amorphous aluminum nitride (A1N), sapphire, silicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), nitrided gallium (G a N), aluminum nitride (A 1 N), carbide Kei element (S i C), boron nitride (BN), lithium oxide gallium (L i G a 0 2) , boron, zirconium (Z r B 2 ), zinc oxide (Z n O), various types of glass, various metals, boron phosphide (BP), Mo S 2, L a A 1 0 3, n b n, Mn F e 2 ⁇ 4, Z n F e 2 0 4, Z r N, T i N, Li emissions gallium (G a P), MgA l 2 0 4, N d G A_ ⁇ 3, L i A l O 2 , S c
- the thickness of the thin film is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.0005 0m to 1000 00a. Preferably, 0.0 ⁇ ! 5500 000, more preferably 0.01111 to 5001111.
- Group 111 element nitride thin films can be deposited on a substrate by, for example, metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), octalide vapor deposition (HVP E), or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Can be formed.
- a thin film of a group III element nitride such as gallium nitride formed on a substrate is commercially available, and may be used.
- the maximum diameter of the thin film is, for example, 2 cm or more, preferably 3 cm or more, more preferably 5 cm or more, and the larger the better, the upper limit is not limited.
- the size of the maximum diameter is 5 cm.
- the range of the maximum diameter is, for example, 2 cm to 5 cm, preferably 3 cm to 5 cm, and more preferably 5 cm.
- the maximum diameter is a line connecting a point on the outer periphery of the thin film surface and another point, and refers to the length of the longest line.
- the thin film of the group III element nitride prepared on the substrate may be dissolved by the flux before the nitrogen concentration increases.
- a nitride is present in the flux at least at the beginning of the reaction.
- the nitride for example, C a 3 N 2, L i 3 N, there are N a N 3, BN, S i 3 N 4, I nN etc. These may be used alone, two types These may be used in combination.
- the ratio of the nitride in the flux is, for example, 0.0001 mol% to 99 mol%, and preferably, 0.001 mol% to 50 mol%, More preferably, it is 0.005 mo 1% to 5 mo 1%.
- the flux containing a group III element becomes a thin film and flows continuously or intermittently on the surface of the thin film on the substrate. It is preferable to grow the single crystal in a state.
- the nitrogen-containing gas is easily dissolved in the flux, and a large amount of nitrogen can be continuously supplied to the crystal growth surface.
- the swinging motion regularly in a certain direction, the flow of the flux on the thin film becomes regular, the step flow on the crystal growth surface becomes stable, and the thickness becomes more uniform. A high quality single crystal can be obtained.
- the reaction vessel before the start of the growth of the single crystal, the reaction vessel is tilted in a certain direction, so that the flux containing the Group III element is collected on the tilted side of the bottom of the reaction vessel.
- the flux does not contact the thin film surface of the substrate.
- the reaction vessel can be swung to supply the flux onto the thin film on the substrate. The formation of undesired compounds is suppressed, and a higher-quality single crystal can be obtained.
- the flux containing the group III element is removed from the thin film on the substrate by tilting the reaction vessel in a certain direction, thereby removing the reaction vessel. It is preferable that the liquid be stored on the inclined side of the bottom. In this way, when the temperature in the reaction vessel drops after the completion of crystal growth, the flux does not come into contact with the obtained single crystal, and as a result, a low-grade crystal is obtained on the obtained single crystal. Can be prevented from growing.
- the heating of the reaction vessel for the heat convection is not particularly limited as long as it is a condition under which heat convection occurs.
- the heating position of the reaction vessel is not particularly limited as long as it is at the lower part of the reaction vessel.
- the heating temperature of the reaction vessel for the heat convection is, for example, 0.01 to 500 higher than the heating temperature for the flux formation, preferably 0.1 ° C to 300 ° C.
- the temperature is higher by 1 ° C, more preferably by 1 ° (: up to 100 ° C.) Heating can be carried out by ordinary heating.
- the mixing and stirring using the stirring blade is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a rotation motion, a reciprocating motion, or a combination of the two motions of the stirring blade.
- the stirring and mixing using the stirring blade may be based on a rotational movement or a reciprocating movement of the reaction vessel with respect to the stirring blade, or a combination of the two movements.
- the stirring and mixing using the stirring blade may be a combination of the movement of the stirring blade itself and the movement of the reaction vessel itself.
- the shape and material of the stirring blade are not particularly limited, and the shape and material thereof can be appropriately determined, for example, according to the size and shape of the reaction vessel. However, nitrogen having a melting point or a decomposition temperature of 200 ° C. or more can be used. It is preferable that it is formed of a non-containing material. This is because the stirring blade made of such a material does not dissolve by the flux and can prevent the generation of crystal nuclei on the surface of the stirring blade.
- the material of the stirring blade examples include rare earth oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, W, SiC, diamond, and diamond-like carbon. This is because, similarly to the above, the stirring blade formed of such a material is not dissolved by the flux, and the generation of crystal nuclei on the surface of the stirring blade can be prevented.
- the rare earth and the alkaline earth metal for example, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra.
- the material of the previous SL stirring blade Preferred as the material of the previous SL stirring blade, Y 2 0 3, C A_ ⁇ , Mg_ ⁇ , W, a S i C, diamond, diamond-like carbon, and most preferably Y 2 O 3 Among this.
- a group III element It is preferable to supply a doping substance to the flux. In this way, crystal growth can be continued for a long time.
- the method for replenishing Group III elements is not particularly limited. In other words, the reaction vessel is doubled and its outside is divided into several small rooms, and each small room is provided with an openable door. This door should be able to open and close from outside.
- the raw material to be supplied to the small room is put in advance, and when the door of the higher small room is opened during swinging, the raw material in the small room flows down to the inner reaction vessel due to gravity. , Mixed.
- the outer small room is emptied, the raw material used for the growth is removed first, and the different raw material that was previously put in the opposite small room is put in the inner reaction vessel.
- a group III nitride semiconductor crystal in which the ratio of the group III element and the doping material are changed can be sequentially grown.
- the direction of the swing for example, using both swing and rotation
- the number of outer small chambers that can be used is increased, and a number of raw materials containing various compositions and impurities can be prepared. .
- the group III elements are gallium (Ga), aluminum (A1), and indium (In). Among them, gallium is preferable. Further, the group III element nitride single crystal is preferably a gallium nitride (G a N) single crystal. The following conditions are particularly preferable for producing a gallium nitride single crystal, but can be similarly applied to the production of other group III element nitride single crystals.
- the alkali metal is lithium (L i), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (R b), cesium (C s), and francium (F r).
- the ratio (mol%) of calcium (C a) or lithium (L i) to the total of sodium (Na) and calcium (C a) or lithium (L i) is, for example, 0 l mol% to 99 mol%, preferably 0.1 mol% to 50 mol%, more preferably 2.5 mol% to 30 mol 1 % Range.
- the ratio of sodium (Na) to the sum of gallium (Ga) and sodium (Na) (m 0 1%) is, for example, in the range of 0.1 mo 1% to 99.9 mo 1%. It is preferably in the range of 30 mo 1% to 99 m 0 1%, more preferably in the range of 6 01110 1% to 9 51110 1%.
- the mo 1 ratio of gallium: sodium: lithium or calcium is particularly preferably 3.7: 9.75: 0.25.
- the melting conditions are, for example, a temperature of 100 ° C. to 150 ° C. and a pressure of 100 Pa to 20 MPa, preferably a temperature of 300 ° C. ° C ⁇ 1200, pressure 0.0 lMPa ⁇ l OMPa, more preferably at temperature 500 ° C ⁇ 110, pressure 0.1MPa ⁇ 6MPa is there.
- the nitrogen (N) -containing gas is, for example, a nitrogen (N 2 ) gas, an ammonia (NH 3 ) gas, or the like.
- the mixing ratio is not limited.
- the use of ammonia gas is preferable because the reaction pressure can be reduced.
- impurities are present in the flux. In this way, an impurity-containing gallium nitride single crystal can be produced.
- the impurity is, for example, calcium (C a), calcium (C a) Compounds containing silicon (S i), alumina (A 1 2 O 3), indium (I n), aluminum (A 1), nitride Inji ⁇ beam (I nN), silicon nitride (S i 3 New 4), silicon oxide (S i 0 2), acid indium (I n 2 ⁇ 3), zinc (Z n), magnesium (Mg), zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium oxide (Mg ⁇ ), germanium (Ge) and the like.
- the stirring and mixing are first performed in an inert gas atmosphere other than nitrogen, and thereafter, the mixture is replaced with the nitrogen-containing gas and the stirring and mixing is performed in the nitrogen-containing gas atmosphere.
- the flux and the group III element may not be sufficiently mixed.
- the flux component reacts with nitrogen to form nitride. May form.
- the nitrogen-containing gas it is sufficient that the nitrogen-containing gas is not present.
- the high-temperature flux and the group III element may evaporate.
- an apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus used in the method for producing a Group III element nitride single crystal of the present invention, wherein the apparatus comprises a group consisting of an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal in a reaction vessel.
- a nitrogen-containing gas introducing means for causing a reaction, and a reaction vessel rocking means for tilting the reaction vessel in a predetermined direction and then inclining the reaction vessel in a predetermined direction after tilting the reaction vessel in a direction opposite to the above direction. is there.
- One example of the device of the present invention is shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG.
- a heating vessel 2 is disposed inside a heat-resistant and pressure-resistant vessel 1, and a heating pipe 2 for introducing a nitrogen-containing gas 7 is connected to the heating vessel 2.
- the shaft 6 extending from 5 is also connected.
- the oscillating device 5 includes a motor and a mechanism for controlling its rotation.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of the flow of the flux due to this swing.
- the same parts as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the flux 9 is accumulated on the left side of the bottom of the reaction vessel 3 and is not in contact with the surface of the substrate 8.
- the flux 9 covers the surface of the substrate 8 with a thin film. Further, when the reaction vessel 3 is tilted to the right, the flux 9 flows and accumulates on the right side of the bottom of the reaction vessel 3, so that the flux 9 does not come into contact with the surface of the substrate 8. When this operation is performed so that the reaction container 3 is tilted from right to left, the flux 9 flows in the opposite direction to that described above.
- the nitrogen-containing gas 7 is introduced into the heating vessel 2 and the reaction vessel 3 from the pipe 4 in this oscillating state, the gallium and the nitrogen react in the flux 9 to form a single crystal of gallium nitride.
- the introduction of the nitrogen-containing gas may be performed before the start of the swing, or may be performed after the start of the swing as described above.
- the reaction vessel 3 is tilted so that the gallium nitride single crystal newly obtained on the substrate 8 does not come into contact with the flux 9.
- the temperature in the heating vessel 2 decreases, the gallium nitride single crystal is collected together with the substrate 8.
- the substrate is placed at the center of the bottom of the reaction vessel.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the substrate may be arranged at a position away from the center.
- the material used for the reaction vessel used in the production method of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- BN, A 1 N, alumina, SiC, Carbonaceous materials such as roughite and diamond-like carbon can be used, and among them, A1N, SiC, and diamond-like carbon are preferable.
- the reaction vessel for example, a BN crucible, an A 1 N crucible, an alumina crucible, a SiC crucible, a graphite crucible, a crucible made of a carbon-based material such as diamond-like carbon, or the like can be used.
- the shape of the reaction vessel (or crucible) used in the production method of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the shape is a cylindrical shape, and two projections extend from the inner wall toward the center of the circle.
- the reaction container be protruded and have a substrate disposed between the two protrusions. With such a shape, when oscillating, the flux is concentrated on the surface of the substrate disposed between the two projections.
- Figure 3 shows an example of this reaction vessel.
- the reaction vessel 10 has a cylindrical shape, and two plate-like projections 10a and 10b protrude toward the center of the circle. Be placed.
- the use of the reaction vessel having such a shape is not limited, except that the swing direction swings in a direction perpendicular to the projecting direction of the two projections.
- the transparent group III element nitride single crystal obtained by the production method of the present invention has a dislocation density of 10 4 / cm 2 or less, a maximum diameter length of 2 cm or more, and is a transparent and bulk group III element. It is a nitride single crystal.
- the dislocation density is preferably 10 2 / cm 2 or less, and more preferably, has almost no dislocation (for example, 10 O i / cm 2 or less).
- the The length of the maximum diameter is, for example, 2 cm or more, preferably 3 cm or more, and more preferably 5 cm or more. The larger the better, the better, and the upper limit is not limited.
- the size of the maximum diameter is preferably 5 cm from this viewpoint. In this case, the range of the maximum diameter is, for example, 2 cm. cm to 5 cm, preferably 3 cm to 5 cm, more preferably 5 cm.
- a semiconductor device of the present invention is a semiconductor device including the transparent group III element nitride single crystal of the present invention.
- the semiconductor device of the present invention preferably includes a semiconductor layer, and the semiconductor layer is preferably formed of the group III element transparent single crystal of the present invention.
- One example of the semiconductor device of the present invention is a semiconductor device including a field-effect transistor element in which a conductive semiconductor layer is formed on an insulating semiconductor layer, and a source electrode, a gate electrode, and a drain electrode are formed thereon.
- a device wherein at least one of the insulating semiconductor layer and the conductive semiconductor layer is formed from the group III element nitride transparent single crystal of the present invention.
- the semiconductor device further includes a substrate, the field-effect transistor is formed on the substrate, and the substrate is formed from the group III element nitride transparent single crystal of the present invention. Is preferred.
- Another example of the semiconductor device of the present invention is a light emitting diode in which an n-type semiconductor layer, an active region layer, and a P-type semiconductor layer are stacked in this order.
- a semiconductor device including a LED element wherein at least one of the three layers is formed from the group III element nitride transparent single crystal of the present invention.
- the semiconductor device further includes a substrate, the light emitting diode element is formed on the substrate, and the substrate is formed from the group III element nitride transparent single crystal of the present invention.
- the semiconductor device of the present invention is a semiconductor device including a semiconductor laser (LD) element in which an n-type semiconductor layer, an active region layer, and a P-type semiconductor layer are stacked in this order.
- a semiconductor device in which at least one of the three layers is formed from the group III element nitride transparent single crystal of the present invention.
- the semiconductor device further includes a substrate, and the semiconductor laser element is formed on the substrate, and the substrate is formed of the group III element nitride transparent single crystal of the present invention. It is good.
- a gallium nitride single crystal was manufactured using the apparatus shown in FIG. First, a GaN thin film crystal was formed on the surface of the sapphire substrate 8 by the MOC VD method.
- the substrate 8 was placed at one end of the reaction vessel (here, the place that goes up and down when the reaction vessel is swung is called an end).
- a boron nitride reaction vessel 3 containing 2.0 g of gallium and 5.77 g of a flux material (sodium) is placed, and the temperature is raised to 890, which is the growth temperature.
- nitrogen gas 7 was introduced into the heating vessel 2 from the pipe 4 and the pressure was increased to a predetermined pressure.
- the reaction vessel 3 Before heating to a predetermined temperature, the reaction vessel 3 was inclined so that the substrate 8 did not come into contact with the flux.
- the flux component is sodium only. Growth conditions, the pressure 9.5 atm (9. 5 X 1. 0 1 3 xl 0 5 P a), development time of 4 hours, at times rocking speed (substrate shake up and down, 1.5 reciprocating Z per minute ) Out. Since the substrate 8 was placed at the end of the reaction container 3, when the reaction container 3 was swung, the solution repeatedly covered or did not cover the substrate surface. After completion of the crystal growth, the reaction vessel 3 was maintained in an inclined state so that the substrate 8 did not come into contact with the flux.
- the raw material liquid is moved back and forth by rocking the reaction vessel 3 so that the GaN substrate is always covered with a thin mixed flux film of Na and Li ( Swing speed: 1.5 reciprocations / minute).
- the temperature and pressure were kept constant for 4 hours while the rocking was continued.
- the nitrogen gas was dissolved in the film-like flux, and gallium and nitrogen reacted with each other to grow a gallium nitride single crystal on the substrate 8.
- the reactor 3 was kept in an inclined state so that the substrate 8 did not come into contact with the flux.
- FIG. 5 shows an SEM photograph (950 magnification) of this gallium nitride single crystal.
- A indicates the obtained GaN (LPE-GaN) layer
- B indicates the GaN thin film formed by the M ⁇ CVD method
- C indicates the sapphire substrate.
- the obtained was a gallium nitride single crystal having a thickness of 10. This single crystal had a uniform thickness, was transparent, and was large in bulk. The photoluminescence (p L) emission intensity of this single crystal was measured.
- the excitation light source is a He-Cd laser with a wavelength of 325 nm, the intensity is 10 mW, and the measurement temperature is room temperature.
- PL emission was measured for a gallium nitride single crystal produced by MOCVD. As a result, the single crystal of this example exhibited a PL emission intensity three times or more that of the comparative example.
- the apparatus shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 was used to heat the lower part of the reaction vessel to generate thermal convection, and to mix and mix the Na flux and Ga to produce a G a N single crystal. It is.
- the apparatus includes a gas cylinder 11, an electric furnace 14, and a heat-resistant and pressure-resistant container 13 arranged in the electric furnace 14.
- Gas cylinder 1 1 with pipe 2 1, a gas pressure regulator 15 and a pressure regulating valve 25 are arranged on this pipe 21.
- a leak pipe is installed in the middle of the pipe 21.
- Leak valve 24 is arranged.
- the pipe 21 is connected to the pipe 22, and the pipe 22 is connected to the pipe 23, which penetrates into the electric furnace 14 and is connected to the heat-resistant pressure vessel 13.
- An electric heater 18 is attached to the lower outer wall of the heat-resistant and pressure-resistant container 13.
- a reaction vessel 16 is disposed in the heat-resistant and pressure-resistant vessel 13 and includes Na (0.89 g) and G a (1.0 g). Is inserted.
- the lower part of the reaction vessel 16 can be heated by an electric heater 18 attached to the lower outer wall of the heat-resistant pressure vessel 13.
- a GaN single crystal was grown as follows.
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EP04720698A EP1634980A4 (en) | 2003-03-17 | 2004-03-15 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A GROUP III NITRIDE CRYSTAL AND DEVICE THEREFOR |
KR1020057016551A KR101167732B1 (ko) | 2003-03-17 | 2004-03-15 | Ⅲ족 원소 질화물 단결정의 제조 방법 및 이것에 이용하는장치 |
JP2005503673A JP4030125B2 (ja) | 2003-03-17 | 2004-03-15 | Iii族元素窒化物単結晶の製造方法およびそれに用いる装置 |
US10/549,494 US7959729B2 (en) | 2003-03-17 | 2004-03-15 | Method for producing group-III-element nitride single crystals and apparatus used therein |
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CN116219530A (zh) * | 2023-02-03 | 2023-06-06 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | 一种载晶架及甲胺溴铅钙钛矿单晶生长方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1798881A (zh) | 2006-07-05 |
TWI350862B (ja) | 2011-10-21 |
US7959729B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 |
JP4030125B2 (ja) | 2008-01-09 |
EP1634980A9 (en) | 2006-05-10 |
EP1634980A4 (en) | 2009-02-25 |
TW200506116A (en) | 2005-02-16 |
JPWO2004083498A1 (ja) | 2006-06-22 |
KR20050110657A (ko) | 2005-11-23 |
CN100368604C (zh) | 2008-02-13 |
US20060169197A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
EP1634980A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
KR101167732B1 (ko) | 2012-07-23 |
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