WO2004081686A2 - Heat flow regulating cover for an electrical storage cell - Google Patents

Heat flow regulating cover for an electrical storage cell Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004081686A2
WO2004081686A2 PCT/US2004/006203 US2004006203W WO2004081686A2 WO 2004081686 A2 WO2004081686 A2 WO 2004081686A2 US 2004006203 W US2004006203 W US 2004006203W WO 2004081686 A2 WO2004081686 A2 WO 2004081686A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
energy storage
cover
storage cell
electrical energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2004/006203
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2004081686A3 (en
Inventor
Brad N. Mathiowetz
Joachim Düren
Günter Kämper
Original Assignee
Fisher-Rosemount Systems, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fisher-Rosemount Systems, Inc. filed Critical Fisher-Rosemount Systems, Inc.
Priority to DE112004000385T priority Critical patent/DE112004000385T5/de
Priority to JP2006508953A priority patent/JP4739183B2/ja
Publication of WO2004081686A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004081686A2/en
Publication of WO2004081686A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004081686A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/651—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/227—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/293—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to equipment for use in hazardous industrial locations where intrinsically safe (IS) electrical equipment is required.
  • the present invention relates to providing intrinsic safety for electrical energy storage cells.
  • a method and apparatus are needed to adapt energy storage cells and batteries for use in hazardous industrial locations where intrinsic safety standards must be met.
  • a temperature regulating cover for use on an electrical energy storage cell that may produce heat at a hot spot during a short circuit condition.
  • the cover includes a first layer of thermally conductive material that is shaped to conform to an outer surface of the electrical energy storage cell and spreads heat from the hot spot over surface area that is larger than the hot spot.
  • the cover also includes a second layer of thermally insulating material that is shaped to conform to an outer surface of the first layer and that retards heat flow to an outer surface of the second layer.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates process steps in assembling a heat flow regulating cover on an electrical energy storage cell .
  • FIGS. 2-3 illustrate front and left side views of two half shells that form a thermally conductive layer.
  • FIG. 4-5 illustrate a battery that includes a plurality of covered electrical energy storage cells.
  • FIG. 6-8 illustrate heat flows from hot spots on outer surfaces of electrical energy storage cells.
  • an electrical energy storage cell may produce heat at a hot spot during a short circuit condition.
  • the hot spot has a surface temperature that exceeds intrinsic safety (IS) temperature limits and has the potential to ignite gas, dust or flammable liquid in . an industrial environment, such as an oil refinery.
  • IS intrinsic safety
  • the cover includes a first layer of thermally conductive material that spreads flow of the heat from the hot spot over a portion of the outer surface of the first layer that is larger than the hot spot .
  • a second layer of insulating material covers the heat conducting layer and retards flow of the heat to an outer surface of the second layer.
  • the outer surface of the covered energy storage cell is below a temperature which can cause combustion.
  • the covered cell can be used in an application where intrinsic safety is required, such as a battery used to energize a hand-held portable instrument such as a data acquisition unit or a calibrator.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates process steps 20-24 in assembling an exemplary heat flow regulating cover 28 on an electrical energy storage cell 30 that can produce heat during a short circuit test interval .
  • a cell 30 is selected that has a high energy storage density to provide long battery life.
  • the cell 30 has a cylindrical outer surface 31 that can produce hot spots under short circuit conditions.
  • the cell 30 can be a size AA cell with a diameter of approximately 16 mm and a length of approximately 40 mm.
  • Other size cells can be used, and cells can be either disposable cells or rechargeable cells.
  • a first layer of material 34, 36 is assembled over the cylindrical outer surface 31.
  • the first layer of material 34, 36 has a high specific heat capacity and is thermally conductive.
  • the first layer of material includes a first half shell 34 and a second half shell 36 that are shaped to conform with the cylindrical outer surface 31.
  • the first layer of material 34, 36 covers the outer surface 31.
  • a second layer of- material 38 is provided.
  • the second layer of- material • 38 is thermally insulating.
  • the second layer of material 38 is shaped to conform to an outer surface 35 of the first layer of material 34.
  • the second layer of material 38 is preferably elastic and shrunk to hold the first layer of material 34, 36 firmly in place against the cylindrical outer surface 31 of the cell 30.
  • the use of elastic material for the second layer of material 38 avoids a problem with gaps forming that would interfere with heat flow.
  • the second layer of material 38 is preferably commercially available heat shrink tubing formed of rubber or thermoplastic material. In one embodiment, the layer of material 38 has a thickness of about 1 mm.
  • FIGS. 2-3 illustrate front and left side views of the two half shells 34, 36 that together form the high conductivity layer.
  • Each half shell 34, 36 has an approximately semi-cylindrical shape that is sized to conform to the outer surface 31 of the cell 31.
  • a small gap D is left between the half shells 34, 36 to encourage a good fit and good thermal contact between the cell 31 an the half shells 34, 36.
  • the small gap D can be on the order of about 0.8 mm and can be selected to allow space for thermal expansion of the half shells 34, 36 at higher temperatures.
  • the half shells 34, 36 are preferably formed from aluminum tubing having a wall thickness of about 1 mm.
  • Aluminum has a thermal conductivity of about 4.9 X 10 " 2 (Kcal/sec) / (meter 2 ) (degree C/meter) , and aluminum has a specific heat of about 0.219 cal/ (gram) (degree C) .
  • the half shells 34, 36 can also be made from copper. Copper has thermal conductivity of about 9.2 X 10 ⁇ 2 (Kcal/sec) / (meter 2 ) (degree C/meter) , and copper has a specific heat of about 0.093 cal/ (gram) (degree C) . Other materials with appropriate thermal conductivity may also be used.
  • the first layer of material 34, 36 spreads flow of the heat from the hot spot over a portion of the outer surface of the first layer 34 that is larger than the hot spot, while the second layer 38 of material retards flow of heat to an outer surface 39 of the second layer 38.
  • the thicknesses of the layers 34, 36, 38 are adjusted so that a temperature of the outer surface of the second layer 38 has a measured maximum temperature of 130 degrees centigrade or less during the short circuit test interval .
  • the thicknesses of the layers 34, 36, 38 can be selected by using thermal finite element analysis (FEA) , by hermal testing, or a combination of thermal FEA and thermal testing.
  • FEA thermal finite element analysis
  • FIG. 4-5 illustrate one example of a battery 50 that includes a plurality of covered electrical energy storage cells 52, 54, 56, 58, 60.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the battery and
  • FIG. 5 is a left side view of a . portion of the battery.
  • the battery 50 is arranged for use in a combustible atmosphere.
  • the plurality of electrical energy storage cells 52, 54, 56, 58, 60 are each covered with a heat regulating cover as described above 'in connection with FIGS. 1-3.
  • Electrical interconnections 62, 64, 66, 68 are metal strips that are spot welded to the cells 52, 54, 56, 58, 60 to form a series circuit.
  • a protective device 70 is connected in series between cell 60 and a negative polarity electrical connection lead 72.
  • the protective device 70 is connected by a crimped splice 71 to electrical connection lead 72.
  • the electrical connection lead 72 and the protective 5 device 70 are secured in place by a potting compound 73.
  • a positive polarity electrical connection lead 74 is connected to the cell 52.
  • the protective device 70 preferably comprises a fusible link, and in particular a PICO Fuse part
  • the protective device 70 can be bridged (temporarily short circuited) to simulate a fault condition.
  • the plastic resin shell 80 includes plastic resin separation bars 82, 84, 86, 88 positioned between the cells 52-60 and
  • FIG. 6-8 illustrate heat flows from hot spots 100, 102, 104 on outer surfaces of electrical energy storage cells 106, 108, 110 respectively.
  • the hot spot 100 on the cell 106 is left uncovered and a temperature at the outer surface 112 of the cell 106 exceeds 130 degrees Centigrade during a short circuit test.
  • the uncovered cell 106 is unsuitable for use in an industrial environment where intrinsic safety (IS) approval rating is required.
  • the outer surface of cell 106 has a hot spot 100 that is hot enough to ignite combustibles.
  • a hot spot 102 on a cell 108 is covered with thermally insulating material 114.
  • the surface temperature at the outer surface 116 of the insulating material remains below 130 degrees during a short circuit test, however, the hot spot 114 is insulated to such an extent that it overheats and permanently damages the cell 108, thus proving to be unsuitable for use in an intrinsic safety environment .
  • the hot spot 104 is covered with a first layer 120 of thermally conductive material and a second layer 122 of thermally insulating material as described above in connection with FIGS. 1-3.
  • the first layer 120 spreads the heat flow from the hot spot 104 over a larger , surface area as illustrated.
  • the heat flow per unit area of surface is reduced.
  • the heat flow spreads both along the axis of the cell and circumferentially so that the area available for heat flow is substantially enlarged.
  • the thermally insulating layer 122 limits heat flow and further encourages spread of heat through the thermally conducting layer 120.
  • the temperature at external surface 124 remains below 130 degrees Centigrade, however, the heat is well dissipated because it is conducted over a large area.
  • the cell 110 is not excessively heated, and the cell 110 can be used in an intrinsically safe environment. "Hot spots" which occur on the battery surface during the short circuit test are effectively shielded from contact with combustibles.
  • the first thermally conductive layer in close contact, surrounds the cell with material that has high thermal conductivity. This layer distributes the thermal energy of the "hot spots” onto a larger surface area and thereby reduces the maximum surface temperature.
  • the second layer in close contact, encases the first layer of material .
  • the second layer of material has a low thermal conductivity coefficient. This material acts as a thermal insulator between the first layer and the ambient atmosphere. The value of thermal conductivity of each layer is such that the surface temperature of the second layer of material is below the required value of the desired temperature , classification.
  • High-energy density batteries can be used in hazardous areas of the zones 1 and 2 for the temperature classes TI to T4 using the cover arrangement described.
  • the cover can be used on rechargables batteries as well as for disposable batteries.
  • Modern batteries with larger internal capacities can be used with the invention. These modern batteries include cells that reach higher surface temperatures at the short-circuit tests than is allowed for the approval .
  • the cover regulates the heat flow and provides a solution to this problem for batteries with large internal capacity. While a series arrangement of cells has been illustrated, it will be -understood by those skilled in the art that a parallel arrangement of cells can also be used.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
PCT/US2004/006203 2003-03-06 2004-03-01 Heat flow regulating cover for an electrical storage cell WO2004081686A2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112004000385T DE112004000385T5 (de) 2003-03-06 2004-03-01 Wärmefluss-regulierende Abdeckung für eine elektrische Speicherzelle
JP2006508953A JP4739183B2 (ja) 2003-03-06 2004-03-01 バッテリ

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US50905003P 2003-03-06 2003-03-06
US60/509,050 2003-03-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004081686A2 true WO2004081686A2 (en) 2004-09-23
WO2004081686A3 WO2004081686A3 (en) 2004-11-11

Family

ID=32991048

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2004/006203 WO2004081686A2 (en) 2003-03-06 2004-03-01 Heat flow regulating cover for an electrical storage cell

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8216717B2 (zh)
JP (1) JP4739183B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN100388529C (zh)
DE (1) DE112004000385T5 (zh)
WO (1) WO2004081686A2 (zh)

Cited By (5)

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FR2879827A1 (fr) * 2004-12-17 2006-06-23 Hawker Sa Sa Batterie comportant une pluralite d'elements places cote a cote dans un coffre
FR2946770A1 (fr) * 2009-06-11 2010-12-17 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Procede d’evaluation de la robustesse de dispositif electrique et electronique.
US11482744B2 (en) 2014-03-25 2022-10-25 Teledyne Scientific & Imaging, Llc Multi-functional structure for thermal management and prevention of failure propagation
US11569537B2 (en) 2014-03-25 2023-01-31 Teledyne Scientific & Imaging, Llc Multi-functional structure for thermal management and prevention of failure propagation
US11769919B2 (en) 2014-03-25 2023-09-26 Teledyne Scientific & Imaging, Llc Multi-functional high temperature structure for thermal management and prevention of explosion propagation

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DE102009051216A1 (de) * 2009-10-29 2011-05-12 Li-Tec Battery Gmbh Elektrochemischer Energiespeicher und Verfahren zur thermischen Stabilisierung eines elektrochemischen Energiespeichers
DE102011008706A1 (de) 2011-01-17 2012-07-19 Li-Tec Battery Gmbh Exothermes Bauelement, Elektrodenaufbau, Elektroenergiezelle und Zellanordnung, sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung und Verfahren zur Ansteuerung
WO2013065285A1 (ja) * 2011-10-31 2013-05-10 パナソニック株式会社 二次電池ユニット
JP5486623B2 (ja) * 2012-03-09 2014-05-07 豊田合成株式会社 電池ホルダ
JP6695422B2 (ja) * 2015-09-11 2020-05-20 テレディン サイエンティフィック アンド イメージング、 エルエルシーＴｅｌｅｄｙｎｅ Ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃ ＆ Ｉｍａｇｉｎｇ， Ｌｌｃ 熱管理および爆発伝播防止用の多機能高温構造
WO2017087575A1 (en) * 2015-11-16 2017-05-26 Aegex Technologies, Llc Intrinsically safe mobile device
US20220013840A1 (en) * 2018-11-02 2022-01-13 Tvs Motor Company Limited Holder structure for energy storage cells in an energy storage device
US11101505B2 (en) * 2019-06-28 2021-08-24 Motorola Solutions, Inc. Battery pack interface
DE102020115924A1 (de) 2020-06-17 2021-12-23 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Haltevorrichtung für Batteriezellen

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WO2004081686A3 (en) 2004-11-11
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US20040201363A1 (en) 2004-10-14
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