WO2004018672A1 - 新規アルドラーゼおよび置換α−ケト酸の製造方法 - Google Patents
新規アルドラーゼおよび置換α−ケト酸の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an aldolase and a substituted ⁇ -keto acid. More specifically, the present invention relates to 4- (indole-3-ylmethyl) -14-hydroxy 2-oxooxonoletalate, which is useful as an intermediate in monatin synthesis. The present invention relates to a method for producing an aldolase and a substituted ⁇ -keto acid which can be suitably used for the synthesis of 4- (Indol-3-ylmethyl) -4-hydroxy-2-oxyglutarate. Background art
- Monatin having a structure represented by the following formula (5) is a natural sweet amino acid isolated and extracted from the roots of shrubs in South Africa, and has a strong sweetness equivalent to several tens to several thousand times that of sucrose. It is expected to be used as a sweetener. However, the usefulness of monatin has only recently been discovered, and a method for synthesizing monatin at the industrial production level has not been established.
- the present inventors have developed a new method for synthesizing monatin comprising the following reactions (1) and (2) using indolepyruvic acid and pyruvic acid, which are commercially available as reagents.
- the former 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2_oxoglutarate aldolase, is derived from two molecules of pyruvate by using 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxodaltalate.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an aldolase that can be suitably used for the synthesis of IHOG, which is useful as an intermediate in monatin synthesis, and a method for producing a substituted sheketo acid. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in view of the above problems, and as a result, have found that a certain kind of microorganism has an aldolase that can be suitably used for the synthesis of a desired IHOG, and reached the present invention.
- the present invention is as follows.
- [5] A recombinant DNA obtained by connecting the DNA according to any one of [1] to [4] and a vector DNA.
- a method for producing a protein having aldolase activity comprising culturing the cell according to [6] in a medium, and accumulating the protein having aldolase activity in the medium and / or the cells.
- a protein characterized in that:
- a protein characterized in that:
- a Pseudomonas genus bacterium is cultured in a medium, and any one of the following (i) to (1) is accumulated in the medium and Z or cells.
- amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 16 in the sequence listing has an amino acid sequence containing substitution, deletion, insertion, addition, or inversion of one or several amino acid residues, and has an aldolase activity Protein
- R 1 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a carboxyalkyl group having 2 to 9 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having up to 20 carbon atoms. Or an aralkyl group, a heterocyclic hydrocarbon group having up to 11 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, or an ester derivative thereof.
- R 1 is a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having up to 3 carbon atoms, It may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy group and an amino group up to the number 3.
- R 2 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a carboxyalkyl group having 2 to 9 carbon atoms, or an aryl having up to 20 carbon atoms. Or an aralkyl group, a heterocyclic hydrocarbon group having up to 11 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, or an ester derivative thereof.
- R 2 is a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having up to 3 carbon atoms, or a carbon number. It may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy group and an amino group up to 3.
- R 1 is a hydrogen, a methyl group or a carboxymethyl group in the general formula (1). Is such that R 2 is not hydrogen.
- R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (3) has the general formula (1) and the same meaning as that of R 1 and R 2 in (2).
- a method for producing a substituted ⁇ -keto acid wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a protein that catalyzes the reaction.
- the protein that catalyzes the reaction is derived from a microorganism selected from the group consisting of the genus Pseudomonas, the genus Erwinia, the genus Flavobacterium, and the genus Xanthomonas.
- the method for producing a substituted hypoketoacid according to any one of [14] to [18].
- the microorganisms include Pseudomonas taetrolens, Pseudomonas coronafaciens, shoots, Pseudomonas desmolytica, Erwinia sp., Erwinia sp. Or Xanthomonas citri, the process for producing a substituted a-keto acid according to [19], wherein the process is Xanthomonas citri.
- R 1 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a carboxyalkyl group having 2 to 9 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having up to 20 carbon atoms.
- an aralkyl group a heterocyclic hydrocarbon group having up to 11 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, or an ester derivative thereof, wherein R 3 is hydrogen or a carboxyl group, and R 1 is a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, It may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having up to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having up to 3 carbon atoms and an amino group.
- R 4 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a carboxyalkyl group having 2 to 9 carbon atoms, Aryl or aralkyl group, heterocyclic hydrocarbon group having up to 11 carbon atoms, hydroxyl group, or ester thereof. Derivative. R 4 may be further substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having up to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having up to 3 carbon atoms and an amino group. ) By reacting with a substituted ⁇ -keto acid,
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the steps for producing the aldolase of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of measuring the aldolase activity of Pseudomonas taetrolens ATCC4683-derived aldolase (PtALD) with respect to the PHOG concentration.
- Figure 3 shows MgC1.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of measuring the PtALD aldolase activity with respect to the concentration.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of measuring the PtALD aldolase activity with respect to the KPi concentration.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of measuring the pH stability of PtALD.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of measuring the temperature stability of PtALD. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the aldolases produced by these microorganisms catalyze the reaction of decomposing one molecule of PHOG to produce one molecule of phenylpyruvic acid and one molecule of pyruvate. It was thought that it could catalyze the reaction to synthesize 4- (indole-13-ylmethyl) _4-hydroxy-12-oxodaltalic acid (IHOG) from pyruvic acid (or oxalic acetic acid).
- IHOG 4- (indole-13-ylmethyl) _4-hydroxy-12-oxodaltalic acid
- the present inventors purified and isolated aldolase from cultured cells of the strain to clarify the existence of the novel aldolase, and at the same time, the enzyme was converted to indolepyruvic acid and pyruvate ( Or acetic acid) to synthesize IHOG.
- the present inventors purified an aldolase derived from Pseudomonas taetrolens ATCC4683 (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PtALD) and determined the amino acid sequence of the aldolase. Furthermore, a DNA molecule of about 30 base pairs deduced from the amino acid sequence of the aldolase is synthesized, and using this, a part of the DNA encoding the aldolase is isolated and obtained by the PCR method. Using the DNA fragment as a probe, the entire DNA encoding PtALD was successfully isolated from a chromosomal library of this microorganism.
- PtALD Pseudomonas taetrolens ATCC4683
- SEQ ID NO: 1 The DNA encoding the PtALD of the present invention identified by the above method is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing.
- SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 3 in the sequence listing show the amino acid sequences of PtALD encoded by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing.
- SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing is a Pt ALD encoded by the nucleotide sequence of nucleotides 456 to 118 in the nucleotide sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing.
- SEQ ID NO: 3 in the sequence listing is the amino acid sequence of PtALD encoded by the nucleotide sequence of bases 444 to 1118 in the nucleotide sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing, In the amino acid sequence, this corresponds to the amino acid sequence of residue numbers 5-225.
- Each of the Pt ALDs described in SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 3 in the sequence listing has an aldolase activity, and comprises one molecule of indolepyruvic acid and one molecule of oxa mouth acetic acid (or pyruvic acid) represented by the following formula (4). It catalyzes the reaction that synthesizes 1- (indole-13-inolemethyl) -14-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid (IHOG).
- the present inventors used the obtained DNA fragment encoding PtALD as a probe to determine the total length of the DNA encoding Pseudomonas coronafaciens AT CC 4683-derived anoredolase (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PcALD).
- PcALD Pseudomonas coronafaciens AT CC 4683-derived anoredolase
- the DNA encoding the PcALD of the present invention identified by the above method is shown in SEQ ID NO: 15 in the sequence listing.
- SEQ ID NO: 16 in the sequence listing shows the amino acid sequence of PcALD encoded by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 in the sequence listing.
- SEQ ID NO: 16 in the sequence listing is the amino acid sequence of PcALD encoded by the nucleotide sequence of base numbers 398 to 1141 in the nucleotide sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 15 in the sequence listing.
- PcALD described in SEQ ID NO: 16 in the sequence listing also has aldolase activity, and comprises one molecule of indolepyruvic acid and one molecule of oxa mouth acetic acid (or pyruvic acid) represented by the following formula (4): It catalyzes the reaction for the synthesis of 4-hydroxy-12-oxoglutaric acid (IHOG).
- the aldolase gene of the present invention having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing was isolated from the chromosomal DNA of Pseudomonas taetrolens ATCC 468 strain as described above.
- the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 in the Sequence Listing is 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate aldolase (gene name: pro A) derived from a known Pseudomonas ochraceae bacterium (Gene name: pro A) (Biosci. Biotechnol. 2701-2709 (2001) Shows 29% homology in amino acid sequence with Maruyama K., et. Al.).
- the aldolase gene of the present invention having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 in the sequence listing was isolated from chromosome DNA of Pseudomonas coronafaciens AJ2791 strain as described above.
- the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 in the sequence listing is 4-Hydroxy-3 ⁇ 4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate aldolase derived from a known Pseudomonas ochraceae bacterium name r o A) (Biosci.
- the analysis of the homology here is a value calculated using the gene analysis software “Genetyx ver. 6” (Genetics Corp.) with the parameters as initial setting values.
- a method for obtaining DNA encoding aldolase from an aldolase-producing bacterium will be described.
- the amino acid sequence can be determined using the Edman method (Edman, P., Acta Chem. Scand. 4, 227 (1950)).
- the amino acid sequence can be determined using a sequencer manufactured by Applied Biosystems.
- peptide fragments were fractionated by reversed-phase HPLC after limited digestion with protease, and the internal amino acid sequence of two of the fragments was determined. The sequence shown in SEQ ID NOs: 4 and 5 in the Sequence Listing has been clarified.
- nucleotide sequence of DNA encoding this can be deduced.
- nucleotide sequence of DNA To deduce the nucleotide sequence of DNA, universal codons are employed.
- a DNA molecule of about 30 base pairs is synthesized based on the deduced base sequence.
- a method for synthesizing the DNA molecule is disclosed in Tetrahedron Letters, 22, 1859 (1981).
- the DNA molecule can be synthesized using a synthesizer manufactured by Applied Biosystetns.
- the DNA molecule can be used as a probe when isolating the full-length DNA encoding aldolase from the chromosome gene library of the aldolase-producing bacterium. Alternatively, it can be used as a primer when amplifying DNA encoding the aldolase of the present invention by PCR.
- the DNA amplified by the PCR method does not contain the entire length of the aldolase-encoding DNA
- the DNA amplified by the PCR method is used as a probe to convert the entire length of the aldolase-encoding DNA to an aldolase-producing bacterium. Isolate from a chromosomal gene library.
- nucleotide sequence A method for determining the nucleotide sequence of DNA encoding the isolated aldolase is described in APractical Guide to Molecular Cloning, John Wiley & Sons' Inc. (1985).
- the nucleotide sequence can be determined using a DNA sequencer manufactured by Applied Biosystems.
- DNA encoding an aldolase derived from Pseudomonas taetrolens ATCC 463 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the Sequence Listing
- DNA encoding an aldolase derived from Pseudomonas coronafaciens A J2791 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 15 in the Sequence Listing.
- the DNA encoding an aldolase that catalyzes the reaction for synthesizing IHOG from indolepyruvic acid and pyruvate (or oxalic acetic acid) is not limited to the DNAs shown in SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 15 in the sequence listing. In other words, it produces an aldolase that catalyzes the reaction of synthesizing IHOG from indolepyruvate and pyruvate (or oxa-mouth acetate).
- the DNA of the present invention is not limited to DNA that encodes an aldolase isolated, but naturally, DNA obtained by artificially mutating DNA encoding aldolase isolated from chromosomal DNA of an aldolase-producing bacterium. However, if it encodes aldolase, it is the DNA of the present invention. A frequently used artificial mutation method is a site-specific mutagenesis method described in Method, in Enzymol., 154 (1987). Further, a DNA that hybridizes with a DNA consisting of a base sequence complementary to the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 of the Sequence Listing under stringent conditions and encodes a protein having aldolase activity is also a DNA of the present invention.
- stringent conditions refer to conditions under which a so-called specific hybrid is formed and a non-specific hybrid is not formed. Although it is difficult to quantify these conditions clearly, as an example, DNAs with high homology, for example, 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more, still more preferably 90% or more, particularly preferably Or DNA that has 95% or more homology will hybridize, and DNA with lower homology will not hybridize with each other, or under normal washing conditions for Southern hybridization. 37 ° C, 0.1 XSSC, 0.1% SDS, preferably 60. C, 0.1 XSSC, 0.1% SDS, more preferably, conditions for hybridization at a salt concentration corresponding to 65 ° C, 0.1 XSSC, 0.1% SDS.
- the “aldolase activity” may be any activity that synthesizes IHOG from indolepyruvic acid and pyruvic acid (or oxalic acetic acid). However, in the case of a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes under stringent conditions with a nucleotide sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing, the sequence in the sequence listing under the conditions of 33 ° C and pH9 is used. It is desirable that the protein has an aldolase activity of 10% or more, preferably 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more, and even more preferably 70% or more of the protein having the amino acid sequence of No. 2 or 3.
- the DNA of the present invention also includes a DNA that hybridizes with a DNA consisting of a base sequence complementary to the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 15 under stringent conditions and encodes a protein having aldolase activity.
- stringent conditions refer to conditions under which a so-called specific hybrid is formed and a non-specific hybrid is not formed. It is difficult to clearly express this condition as a numerical value.
- DNAs with high homology for example, 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more, further preferably 90% or more, particularly preferably DNAs with a homology of 95% or more hybridize to each other, and DNAs with lower homology do not hybridize to each other, or at 37 ° C, which is the normal washing condition for Southern hybridization.
- XSSC 0.1% SDS, preferably at 60 ° C, 0.1 XSSC, 0.1% SDS, more preferably at 65 ° C, 0.1 XSSC, salt concentration equivalent to 0.1% SDS Conditions for high predication are given.
- Activity refers to the activity of synthesizing IHOG from indolepyruvic acid and pyruvate (or oxa-mouth acetate).
- the sequence in the sequence listing under the conditions of 33 ° C and pH 9 It is desirable that the protein has an aldolase activity of 10% or more, preferably 3% or more, more preferably 50% or more, and even more preferably 70% or more of the protein having the amino acid sequence described in No. 16.
- DNA encoding a protein that is substantially the same as the aldolase encoded by DNA described in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 15 in the sequence listing is also a DNA of the present invention. That is,
- (h) has an amino acid sequence containing substitution, deletion, insertion, addition, or inversion of one or several amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 16 in the sequence listing, and has an aldolase activity DNA that encodes a protein Is also the DNA of the present invention.
- the term “one or several” refers to a range that does not significantly impair the three-dimensional structure of the protein of amino acid residues or the aldolase activity. Specifically, 1 to 50, preferably 1 to 30 The number is more preferably 1 to 10.
- the term “aldolase activity” means the activity of synthesizing IHOG from indolepyruvic acid and pyruvate (or oxa-mouth acetic acid).
- amino acid sequence containing substitution, deletion, insertion, addition or inversion of one or several amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 2, 3 or 16 in the sequence listing.
- amino acid sequence containing substitution, deletion, insertion, addition or inversion of one or several amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 2, 3 or 16 in the sequence listing.
- the protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, 3 or 16 under the conditions of 33 ° C and pH9 at 33 ° C and pH9 preferably at least 10%. Desirably has an aldolase activity of 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more, and even more preferably 70% or more.
- the PtALD of the present invention has an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3 as clarified by the above-mentioned gene isolation and analysis.
- the present invention includes substitution, deletion, insertion, addition or inversion of one or several amino acid residues in the amino acid sequences described in SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 3 in the sequence listing. It also includes a protein having an amino acid sequence and having an aldolase activity.
- the PcALD of the present invention has an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 16 in the Sequence Listing as clarified from the above-mentioned gene isolation and analysis.
- the present invention has an amino acid sequence containing substitution, deletion, insertion, addition or inversion of one or several amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 16 in the sequence listing.
- it also includes a protein having aldolase activity.
- the aldolase of the present invention is the following proteins (i) to (1).
- amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 16 in the sequence listing has an amino acid sequence containing substitution, deletion, insertion, addition, or inversion of one or several amino acid residues, and has an aldolase activity Protein
- the aldolase of the present invention catalyzes a reaction for synthesizing 4- (indole-3-ylmethyl) -14-hydroxy-12-oxodaltalic acid (IHOG) from indolepyruvic acid and pyruvic acid (or oxamouth acetate) by aldol condensation.
- IHOG 4- (indole-3-ylmethyl) -14-hydroxy-12-oxodaltalic acid
- the aldolase activity of the aldolase of the present invention can be measured by measuring the amount of IHOG produced from indolepyruvic acid and pyruvate (or oxa mouth acetic acid) by high performance liquid chromatography (HP LC). is there.
- the quantification of IHOG can be performed, for example, by HPLC analysis using "Inertsil 0DS-2" (5 m, 4.6 x 250 mm) manufactured by GL Sciences. An example of the analysis conditions is shown below.
- Mobile phase 40% (v / v) acetonitrile / 5 mM tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution
- the aldolase of the present invention can catalyze the reaction of synthesizing IHOG by aldol condensation of indolepyruvic acid and pyruvic acid (or oxa mouth acetic acid).
- Microbial enzymes that catalyze aldol condensation using two molecules of ⁇ -keto acid (or substituted-keto acid) as substrates Until now, Pseudomonas bacteria
- the aldolase of the present invention differs from the aldolases reported so far in that it can catalyze the reaction of synthesizing IHOG by aldol condensation of indolepyruvic acid and pyruvate (or oxa-mouth acetic acid). is there.
- ⁇ The enzymatic chemical properties of purified PtALD are described below.
- R 1 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a carboxyalkyl group having 2 to 9 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having up to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 4 may be hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a carboxyalkyl group having 2 to 9 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having up to 20 carbon atoms. Or an aralkyl group, a heterocyclic hydrocarbon group having up to 11 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, or a salt thereof. It is a tell derivative.
- R 4 may be further substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having up to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having up to 3 carbon atoms, and an amino group.
- R 4 is hydrogen or a carboxyl group. Is preferred.
- the optimum 11 of the 8 is at around 9 at 33 ° C.
- it has pH stability at pH 6 or more, and particularly has high pH stability in the range of pH 6 to 11.
- it has temperature stability at 70 ° C or lower, and particularly has high temperature stability in the range of 20 to 60 ° C.
- PtALD has a property that aldolase activity is improved by adding an inorganic phosphoric acid such as KPi to an enzyme reaction system.
- the molecular weight of PtALD was about 146 kDa when measured by the gel filtration method, and was about 25 kDa when measured by the SDS-PAGE method.Therefore, the molecular weight of PtALD was about 25 kDa. It is presumed to have a subunit hexamer structure.
- the method for producing the aldolase of the present invention includes (i) a method of producing and accumulating aldolase by culturing an aldolase-producing microorganism in a microorganism, and (ii) preparing a transformant that produces aldolase by recombinant DNA technology, There are two methods for producing and accumulating aldolase by culturing the transformant.
- microorganisms from which the aldolase is obtained include microorganisms belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Erwinia, Flavobacterium, and Xanthomonas.
- Pseudomonas fe Erwinia sp., F ⁇ avobacterium bird, Xanthomonas spp. If so, anything is a PJ-target used in the present invention.
- Power Pseudomonas taetrolens A i, CC4683, Pseudomonas coronafaciens A J2791, Pseudomonas desmo ⁇ ytica A J1582, Erwinia sp.AJ291, Xanthomonas citri A J2797, Flavobacterium rhenanum AJ2468
- Pseudomonas taetrolens AT C C 4683 and Pseudomonas coronafaciens A J2791 are preferred. The deposits of these microorganisms are shown below.
- the culture form of the microorganism as the source of the aldolase can be either liquid culture or solid culture, but an industrially advantageous method is a deep aeration stirring culture method.
- a nutrient source of the nutrient medium a carbon source, a nitrogen source, an inorganic salt, and other micronutrient sources commonly used for microorganism culture can be used. Any nutrient sources available for the strain used can be used.
- Aerobic conditions are adopted as ventilation conditions.
- the cultivation temperature may be within a range in which the bacteria grow and anolide is produced. Therefore, although there is no strict condition, it is usually 10 to 50 ° C, preferably 30 to 40 ° C.
- the culture time varies depending on other culture conditions. For example, it is sufficient to culture until the time when the aldolase is produced most, and it is usually about 5 hours to 7 days, preferably about 10 hours to 3 days.
- the cells are collected by centrifugation (for example, 100,000 xg, 10 minutes). Most of the aldolase is present in the cells, so the aldolase is solubilized by disrupting or lysing the cells. Methods such as ultrasonic crushing, French press crushing, and glass bead crushing can be used for crushing the cells, and when lysing cells, egg white lysozyme, peptidase treatment or a combination of these methods is used as appropriate. Is used.
- purification is performed using the enzyme lysate as a starting material. If there is any unbroken or unlysed bacterial residue, the lysate is centrifuged again. It is more advantageous for purification to remove the precipitated residue.
- aldolase For the purification of aldolase, all the usual methods usually used to purify enzymes, such as ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration method, ion exchange method, hydrophobic method Chromatography, hydroxyapatite mouth chromatography, and the like can be employed. As a result, an aldolase-containing fraction having higher specific activity can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the production process of the aldolase of the present invention.
- a DNA encoding the aldolase of the present invention is prepared (step S 1).
- the prepared DNA is connected to a vector DNA to prepare a recombinant DNA (step S2), and cells are transformed with the recombinant DNA to prepare a transformant (step S3).
- the transformant is cultured in a medium to produce and accumulate aldolase in the medium and / or in the cells (step S4).
- step S5 the enzyme is recovered and purified to produce a purified aldolase.
- step S6 by using the purified aldolase produced in step S5 or the medium and / or cells in which the aldolase of step S4 is accumulated in the aldol reaction, the desired substituted a-keto acid can be produced in large quantities (step S6).
- the DNA to be connected to the vector DNA is only required to be able to express the aldolase of the present invention.
- aldolase gene connected to the vector DNA is as described above.
- Etc. can be used.
- the protein When a protein is mass-produced using recombinant D, NA technology, it is preferable that the protein associates in a transformant producing the protein to form an inclusion body of the protein.
- the advantages of this expression production method are that the protein of interest is protected from digestion by proteases present in the cells, and that the protein of interest can be easily purified by centrifugation following disruption of the cells. .
- the protein inclusion bodies obtained in this manner are solubilized by a protein denaturing agent, undergo an activity regeneration operation mainly by removing the denaturing agent, and then are converted into a correctly folded physiologically active protein.
- a protein denaturing agent undergoes an activity regeneration operation mainly by removing the denaturing agent, and then are converted into a correctly folded physiologically active protein.
- Methods for mass production of the target protein as inclusion bodies include a method of expressing the target protein alone under the control of a strong promoter, and a method of expressing it as a fusion protein with a protein that is known to be expressed in large amounts. is there.
- bacterial cells When producing proteins in large quantities using recombinant DNA technology, bacterial cells, actinomycete cells, yeast cells, mold cells, plant cells, animal cells, etc. may be used as transformed host cells. it can.
- a force S such as a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, a bacterium belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, a bacterium belonging to the genus Corynepterium, a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus, or the like, preferably Escherichia coli is used. This is because there is a lot of knowledge about the technology for mass-producing proteins using Escherichia coli.
- a method for producing aldolase using transformed E. coli will be described.
- a promoter for expressing a DNA encoding aldolase a promoter usually used for production of a heterologous protein in Escherichia coli can be used.
- a promoter usually used for production of a heterologous protein in Escherichia coli can be used.
- examples include a T7 promoter, a trp promoter, and a lac promoter.
- a gene encoding another protein is ligated upstream or downstream of the aldolase gene to produce a fusion protein gene.
- a gene encoding another protein may be any gene that increases the amount of accumulation of the fusion protein and enhances the solubility of the fusion protein after the denaturation and regeneration steps.
- T7 gene 10 and j3 Galactosidase gene, dehydrofolate reductase gene, interferon ⁇ gene, interleukin-2 gene, prochymosin gene and the like can be mentioned as candidates.
- the codon reading frames should be matched. You can use the power of ligation at the appropriate restriction enzyme site or the synthesis of the appropriate sequence.
- a terminator which is a transcription termination sequence downstream of the fusion protein gene.
- This terminator includes T7 terminator, fd phage terminator, T4 terminator, terminator of tetracycline resistance gene, terminator of Escherichia coli trpA gene, and the like.
- a so-called multicopy type vector is preferable, and a plasmid having a replication origin derived from Co1E1.
- the “derivative” refers to a product obtained by modifying a plasmid by substitution, deletion, insertion, addition or inversion of a base.
- modification used herein includes a mutation treatment with a mutagen or UV irradiation, or a modification with a spontaneous mutation.
- the vector preferably has a marker such as an ampicillin resistance gene.
- expression vectors having a strong promoter are commercially available (pUC (manufactured by Takara Shuzo), pPROK (manufactured by Clontech), pKKK233-2 (manufactured by Clontech) And others).
- a recombinant DNA is obtained by ligating a vector fragment linked to a promoter, a gene coding for a fusion protein of anoredolase or aldolase with another protein, and a terminator, and a vector DNA in this order.
- Escherichia coli is transformed with the recombinant DNA, and when the Escherichia coli is cultured, an aldolase or a fusion protein of aldolase and another protein is expressed and produced.
- a strain usually used for expression of a heterologous gene can be used, and particularly, Escherichia coli, JM109 (DE3) strain and JM109 strain are preferable.
- a method for performing the transformation and a method for selecting the transformant are described in Molecular Cloning, 2nd edition, Cold Spring Harbor press (1989) and the like.
- aldolase that does not exist in aldolase such as blood coagulation factor Xa and kallikrein
- aldolase can be cut out using a restriction protease whose sequence is a recognition sequence.
- a medium usually used for culturing Escherichia coli such as an M9-casamino acid medium or an LB medium
- Culture conditions and production induction conditions are appropriately selected according to the type of the vector marker, promoter, host bacterium and the like used.
- the following methods are available for recovering aldolase or a fusion protein of aldolase and another protein. If the aldolase or its fusion protein has been solubilized in the cells, the cells can be recovered and then disrupted or lysed and used as a crude enzyme solution. Further, if necessary, aldolase or a fusion protein thereof may be purified and used by a conventional method such as precipitation, filtration, or column chromatography. In this case, a purification method using an aldolase or fusion protein antibody can also be used.
- a protein inclusion is solubilized with a denaturing agent. Although it may be solubilized together with the bacterial cell protein, it is preferable to take out the inclusion body and solubilize it in consideration of the subsequent purification operation.
- the inclusion body may be recovered from the cells by a conventionally known method. For example, the cells are lysed, and the inclusion bodies are recovered by centrifugation. Denaturants that solubilize the protein inclusions include guanidine hydrochloride (eg, 6 M, pH 5-8) and urea (eg, 8 M).
- a dialysis solution used for dialysis a Tris-HCl buffer or a phosphate buffer may be used, and the concentration may be 20 mM to 0.5 M, and the pH may be 5 to 8.
- the protein concentration during the regeneration step be suppressed to about 500 ⁇ g / m 1 or less.
- the dialysis temperature is preferably 5 ° C. or less in order to prevent the regenerated aldolase from performing self-crosslinking.
- the aldolase gene when the aldolase gene is derived from a bacterium belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, as one preferred embodiment, the aldolase can be expressed and produced using the bacterium belonging to the genus Pseudomonas.
- a host cell for example, Shi-En Lu et al. Report a recombinant expression method in Pseudomonas syringae (FEMS Microbiology Letters 210 (2002) pl 5-121). Olsen, RH et al. Have reported on a recombinant expression method in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Journal of Bacteriology, (1982) 150, p60-69).
- a vector for introducing the aldolase gene into Pseudomonas bacteria a plasmid having an origin of replication that functions in Pseudomonas cells can be used.
- plasmid pKLH4.05 which contains a replicon TFK that functions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- a so-called broad host range vector used for transformation of Gram-negative bacteria can be used.
- These vectors such as RK404 (Ditta, G. et al., Plasmid 13 (1985) pl49-153) and RSF1010 (Frey, J. et al., Gene 24 (1982) p289-296), also function in Pseudomonas bacteria. It is known.
- the process for producing a substituted ⁇ -keto acid according to the present invention comprises the following general formula (1)
- R 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a carboxyalkyl group having 2 to 9 carbon atoms, an aryl group having up to 20 carbon atoms or an aryl group having up to 20 carbon atoms. It is an aralkyl group, a heterocyclic hydrocarbon group having up to 11 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, or an ester derivative thereof. R 1 may be further substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having up to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having up to 3 carbon atoms, and an amino group.
- R 1 is preferably a substituent having 4 or more carbon atoms, preferably 6 or more carbon atoms, and among them, an aryl group or an aralkyl group having up to 20 carbon atoms (a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, Aryl groups such as biphenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, and phenanthryl groups; aralkyl groups such as benzyl, benzhydryl, styryl, phenethyl, trityl, cinnamyl and the like; It is preferably a ring-containing hydrocarbon group (heterocyclic group such as furyl group, chenyl group, pyridyl group, piperidyl group, piperidino group, morpholino group, indolyl group, etc .; alkyl group substituted by these heterocyclic groups).
- R 1 is particularly preferably a benzyl group or a 3-indolylmethyl group, most preferably a 3_indolylmethyl group. That is, as the substituted ⁇ -keto acid of the general formula (1), phenylvirbic acid or indolevirbic acid is preferable, and indolepyruvic acid is particularly preferable.
- R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a carboxyalkyl group having 2 to 9 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having up to 20 carbon atoms. Or an aralkyl group, a heterocyclic hydrocarbon group having up to 11 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, or an ester derivative thereof.
- R 2 contains an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring
- the aromatic ring or the heterocyclic ring is at least one kind of substituent selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having up to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having up to 3 carbon atoms and an amino group. May be substituted by a group.
- R 1 is hydrogen, a methyl group or a carboxymethyl group
- R 2 is not hydrogen.
- R 2 is preferably hydrogen or a carboxyl group, particularly preferably hydrogen. That is, the substituted ⁇ ; -keto acid of the general formula (2) is preferably oxa-mouth acetic acid or pyruvic acid, particularly preferably pyruvic acid.
- R 1 and R 2 have the same meanings as R 1 Oyo Pi R 2 in the general formula (1) and (2).
- indolepyruvic acid is used as the substituted ⁇ -keto acid of the general formula (1)
- pyruvic acid is used as the substituted ⁇ -keto acid of the general formula (2).
- IHOG represented by the following formula (4) is synthesized.
- the protein that catalyzes the reaction is obtained by the aldol condensation of a substituted o-keto acid represented by the general formula (1) with a substituted ⁇ -keto acid represented by the general formula (2).
- Any protein can be used without particular limitation as long as it can catalyze the reaction for synthesizing the substituted ⁇ -keto acid represented by the formula (3). That is, any protein that catalyzes the reaction may be a microorganism-derived protein or a protein synthesized by a chemical synthesis method.
- the aldolase described in the section of [I] aldolase is preferred.
- aldolase obtained by culturing cells that produce a protein (aldolase) that catalyzes the reaction from Pseudomonas, Erwinia, and Flavobacterium J ⁇ Xanthomonas may be used, or (2) recombinant A transformant that produces a protein that catalyzes the reaction may be prepared by DNA technology, and an aldolase obtained by culturing the transformant may be used.
- the protein that catalyzes the reaction may be added to the reaction system in any form as long as it can catalyze the reaction for synthesizing the substituted ct-keto acid represented by the general formula (3). That is, the protein that catalyzes the reaction may be added alone to the reaction system, or may be added to the reaction system in the form of a composition having an aldolase activity containing a protein (anoredolase) that catalyzes the reaction. Is also good.
- composition having aldolase activity may be any composition containing a protein (aldolase) that catalyzes the reaction, and specifically, a culture, a medium (a product obtained by removing cells from the culture) , Cells (including both cultured cells and washed cells), processed cells obtained by crushing or lysing cells, and having aldolase activity obtained by purifying the medium and / or cells.
- Composition crude enzyme solution, purified enzyme, etc.
- substituted a-keto acids can be produced using cells transformed with aldolase-producing bacteria or recombinant DNA.
- the substrate may be added directly to the culture solution during the culturing, or any of the cells isolated from the culture and the washed cells may be used.
- a processed bacterial cell obtained by crushing or lysing cells may be used as it is, or aldolase may be recovered from the processed bacterial cell and used as a crude enzyme solution. May be used.
- any fraction having a phenolase activity can be used in the method of the present invention for producing a substituted ⁇ -keto acid.
- a substituted ⁇ -keto acid represented by the general formula (1) or a substituted ⁇ -keto acid represented by the general formula (2) is required. Adjust the reaction solution containing the protein or aldolase-containing substance that catalyzes the reaction to an appropriate temperature of 20 to 50 ° C, and keep it at pH 6 to 12 for 30 minutes to 5 days, shake, or stir. Just fine.
- Mg 2+ to the reaction solution Mn 2+, N i 2+, can be improved by connexion reaction rate the addition of divalent cations such as C o 2+. From the viewpoint of cost and the like, preferably in this and the force s using Mg 2+.
- the divalent cation when the divalent cation is added to the reaction solution, which may be any of salts insofar as it does not inhibit the reaction, preferably Ru Kotogaa using MgC 1 2, Mg S0 4, Mn S0 4 or the like .
- concentration at which these divalent cations are added can be determined by a person skilled in the art by simple preliminary studies, from 0.01 mM to 1 OmM, preferably from 0.1 mM to 5 mM, and more preferably 0.1 mM. It can be added in the range of ⁇ 1 mM.
- examples of preferred reaction conditions for carrying out the method for producing a substituted ⁇ -keto acid of the present invention include 100 mM buffer, 50 mM indole-13-pyruvic acid, 250 mM pyruvate, To a reaction solution consisting of lmM MgCl 2 , 1% (v / v) toluene, add 10% (w / V) of washed cells of E. coli expressing aldolase as an enzyme source, and add for 4 hours at 33 By shaking, 4- (indole-3-ylmethyl) -1-hydroxy-2-oxodaltalic acid (IHOG) is obtained.
- IHOG 4- (indole-3-ylmethyl) -1-hydroxy-2-oxodaltalic acid
- the resulting substituted ⁇ -keto acid of the general formula (3) can be separated and purified by a known method.
- a method of adsorbing a basic amino acid by contacting it with an ion-exchange resin and eluting the basic amino acid for crystallization, or a method of eluting, decolorizing and filtering with activated carbon or the like, and crystallization may be mentioned.
- indolepyruvic acid, oxaloacetic acid (or pyruvic acid), and ketone acid (IHOG) a precursor of monatin, can be produced.
- IHOG is useful as an intermediate in monatin synthesis because it can derive monatin by amination at the 2-position.
- Aldolase-active strains were collected using 4-phenylmethyl-4-hydroxy-12-oxodaltalic acid (PHOG) as a substrate.
- PHOG 4-phenylmethyl-4-hydroxy-12-oxodaltalic acid
- test microorganism (bacteria'yeast) was inoculated into a bouillon plate medium (Eiken Chemical) and cultured at 30 ° for 24 hours. This was glycerol 0.5 g / dl, fumaric acid 0.5 g / dl, yeast extract 0.3 g / dl, peptone 0.2 ⁇ / (11, ammonium sulfate 0.3 g / d K 2 HP0 40 . 3 g / d 1, KH 2 P0 4 0. 1 g / d Mg S 0 4 ⁇ 7H 2 0 0. 05 g / d K phthalate sodium 0.
- the concentration of free pyruvic acid in the reaction solution was determined by an enzymatic method using lactate dehydrogenae (LDH): 100 mM Tris—HCl ( ⁇ 80), 1.5 mM NADH, 5mM MgC l 2, was added 25 U / m Sanpunore 10 L to the reaction solution 200 / L consisting of 1 LDH, measured 30 with the Inkyupeto 10 min. 340 nm absorbance after the reaction, NADH It was determined pyruvate content in the sample from the decrease.
- PHOG was eluted at a retention time of about 9.8 minutes, and phenylpyruvic acid was eluted at a retention time of about 12 minutes, and fractionation and quantification were possible.
- the amount of pyruvate or phenylpyruvate generated from PHOG in the test cell-added group minus the amount of control group (kamono section without cells) was defined as the amount produced by aldolase.
- aldolase activity using PHOG as a substrate was found in the strains listed in Table 1.
- Pseudomonas taetrolens ATCC4683 was selected, and the synthesis reaction of PHOG from phenylvirbic acid and oxa-mouth acetic acid or pyruvic acid was examined.
- 5 OmM phenylene Rubirubin acid 1 mM Mg CI 2
- 5 mM KP i 1 0 OmM Okisa port acetate or pyruvate
- 1% (w / w) toluene Was inoculated with P. taetrolens ATCC 4683 (AJ2212) cells to a final concentration of about 1% (/ v), and reacted at 30 ° C.
- Table 2 shows the amount of PHOG produced from fe-lupinolevic acid and oxalate acetic acid or pyruvic acid. Table 2 PHOG production from phenylpyruvic acid and oxaperacetic acid
- I HOG aldolase derived from Pseudomonas taetrolens ATCC 468 3 strain I H ⁇ G aldolase was purified from the soluble fraction of P. taetrolens ATCC 463 strain as follows. In the aldolase activity measurement, the aldol degradation activity using PHOG as a substrate was measured under the following conditions.
- the cells were collected from the obtained culture by centrifugation, suspended in buffer A (2 OmM Tris-HCl (pH 7.6)), washed, and then collected again by centrifugation. The obtained washed cells were suspended in 200 ml of buffer A and sonicated at 4 ° C. for 30 minutes. Centrifuge the crushed liquid (x8000rpm, The cells were removed by ultracentrifugation (x50000 rpm, 30 minutes), and the resulting supernatant was used as a soluble fraction.
- buffer A 2 OmM Tris-HCl (pH 7.6)
- the solution in which the aldolase activity was detected was dialyzed against buffer B (5 OmM Tris—HCl (pH 7.6), 1M ammonium sulfate, pH 7.6) at 4 ° C at 0.4 ° C and 0.45 ⁇ m. was filtered. The obtained filtrate was applied to a hydrophobic chromatography column Phenyl Sepharose HP HR 16/10 (manufactured by Pharmacia) equilibrated with Noffer B. By this operation, the aldolase was adsorbed on the carrier.
- the aldolase was eluted by linearly changing the concentration of ammonium sulfate from 1 M to 0 M.
- the aldolase activity was measured for each of the obtained eluted fractions, and the aldolase activity was observed at the elution position where the ammonium sulfate concentration was about 0.2 M.
- the fractions containing aldolase were collected, dialyzed against buffer A, and filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m filter.
- the obtained filtrate was concentrated using an ultrafiltration membrane centripreplO.
- the obtained concentrate is subjected to gel filtration Sephadex 200 HP 16/60 (Pharmacia) equilibrated with buffer C (2 OmM Tris—HC1 (pH 7.6), 0.1 M KC1). At a flow rate of 1 ml Zim. By this operation, aldolase was eluted in the fraction of 66-71 ⁇ 1. From the elution position of the activity peak, the molecular weight of the aldolase was estimated to be about 146 kDa. 0750
- the obtained fraction was filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ filter.
- the filtrate obtained here was applied to an anion exchange chromatography column Mono-Q HR 5/5 (Pharmacia) equilibrated with buffer II.
- the aldolase was adsorbed on the carrier.
- the protein was eluted by linearly changing the KC1 concentration from OmM to 700 mM (Total 24 ml).
- the aldolase activity was measured for each eluted fraction, and the aldolase activity was observed at the elution position where the KCl concentration was about 0 ⁇ 0.4 M.
- the obtained fraction was dialyzed against buffer D (1 OmM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0)) at 4 ° C and filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ filter.
- the filtrate thus obtained was applied to a hydroxyapatite chromatography column CHT-II 5 ml (manufactured by BioRad) equilibrated with Buffer D.
- the aldolase was not adsorbed on the carrier, but could be separated from the adsorbed protein.
- the P. taetrolens AT C C 4683 strain was cultured at 30 ° C. using a 50 ml puyon medium (preculture). Using 5 ml of this culture solution as a seed bacterium, main culture was performed using 50 ml of Bouillon medium. After culturing until late logarithmic growth, 50 ml of the culture was centrifuged (12000 X g, 4 ° C, 15 minutes) to collect the cells. Using these cells, chromosomal DNA was prepared according to a standard method.
- PCR was performed using P. taetrolens ATCC4683 chromosome DNA as type III for PCR.
- the PCR reaction was performed using PCR Thermal PERS0NEL (TaKaRa), and was performed for 30 cycles under the following conditions.
- full-length gene was obtained by Southern analysis and colony hybridization.
- the probe was labeled by using DIGHigh Prime (manufactured by Roche Diagnostics) and incubating at 37 ° C as 0 / N according to the instruction.
- DIGHigh Prime manufactured by Roche Diagnostics
- Southern analysis 1 ⁇ g of chromosomal DNA was completely digested with various restriction enzymes, electrophoresed on a 0.8% agarose gel, and then plotted on a nylon membrane, followed by the following manual.
- Hybridization was carried out using DIG Easy Hyb (manufactured by Schia Diagnostics), followed by prehybridization at 50 ° C for 1 hour, followed by addition of a probe and hybridization at 0 / N. It was made a decision.
- Band detection was performed using DIG Nucleotide Detection Mt.
- a Pstl fragment of about 4 kbp which strongly hybridized using the PCR fragment as a probe was detected.
- this Pstl fragment was obtained by colony hybridization. After treating 20 g of the chromosomal DNA with Pstl, the fragment was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and a fragment of about 4 kbp was recovered.
- nucleotide sequence of plasmid DNA recovered from the obtained clone was determined, it was found to have the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the 678 bp orf containing the nucleotide sequence corresponding to the determined internal amino acid sequence was found. was obtained.
- a fragment amplified from 83 chromosomal DNA was digested with BaraHI / Hindlll to construct a plasmid pUCALD inserted into the BamHI / Hindlll site of pUC18.
- the constructed expression plasmid was introduced into E. coli JM109, and the transformant was shaken in a LB medium containing 50 ⁇ g / m 1 ampicillin at 37 ° C overnight (preculture).
- the preculture was seeded at 1% in 50 ml of LB medium and cultured at 37 ° C. About 2 hours after the start of the culture, add IPTG to the final concentration of 1 mM, and add
- the cells were suspended in C1 (pH 7.6), and the cells were broken using a multi-beads shocker (manufactured by Yasui Kikai). The supernatant obtained by centrifuging the disrupted solution at 15,000 rpm for 10 minutes was used as a crude enzyme solution.
- I HOG oxoglutaric acid
- the amount of I HOG produced was increased in the aldolase-expressing E. coli addition section, and I HOG could be produced by the aldolase.
- the promoter region of the rp operon on the chromosomal DNA of E. coli W3110 was amplified by PCR (combination of SEQ ID NOs: 10 and 11) using the oligonucleotides shown in Table 8 as primers, and the resulting DNA fragment was pGEM-Tease Ligation was performed on a vector (promega).
- E. coli JM109 was transformed with this ligation solution, and a strain having the desired plasmid in which the direction of the trp promoter was inserted in the opposite direction to the lac promoter was selected from ampicillin-resistant strains.
- this plasmid was ligated with a DNA fragment containing the trp promoter obtained by processing with Eco0109I / EcoRI and EcoUClOW / EcoRI-treated pUC19 (Takara).
- E. coli JM109 was transformed with this ligation solution, a strain having the desired plasmid was selected from ampicillin-resistant strains, and the plasmid was named pTrpl.
- pKK223-3 (Amersham Pharmacia) was treated with HindlllZHincII, and the resulting DNA fragment containing the rrnB terminator was treated with Hindlll / PvuII of pTrpl. It was ligated with a physical object.
- coli JM109 with this ligation solution was transformed, to select a strain having a plasmid of interest from among ⁇ ampicillin resistant strains, a plasmid was named P Trp2.
- the trp promoter region was amplified by PCR (combination of SEQ ID NOs: 10 and 12) using P Trp2 as a type II and oligonucleotides shown in the table as primers.
- This DNA fragment was treated with Eco0109I / NdeI, and ligated with EcoT1109 / Ndel-treated pTrp2.
- E. coli JM109 was transformed with this ligation solution, a strain having the desired plasmid was selected from ampicillin-resistant strains, and this plasmid was named pTrp4.
- the fragment amplified from chromosome DNA was digested with Ndel / Hindlll to construct a plasmid ptrpALDl inserted into the Ndel / Hindi II site of pTrp4.
- This plasmid expresses an aldolase gene consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 using the ATG at position 444 of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 as a translation initiation codon.
- the fragment amplified from chromosome DNA of P. taetrolens ATCC4683 using primers (SEQ ID NOS: 9 and 14) was also used.
- the plasmid ptrpALD2 digested with Ndel / Hindlll and inserted into the Ndel / Hindlll site of pTrp4 was constructed.
- This plasmid expresses an aldolase gene consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 using the ATG at position 456 of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 as a translation initiation codon.
- the thus constructed expression plasmid was introduced into E. coli JM109, and the transformant was shaken overnight at 37 ° C. in an LB medium containing 50 ⁇ g / ml ampicillin (preculture).
- the preculture was seeded at 1% in 50 ml of LB medium, and main culture was performed at 37 ° C. About 2 hours after the start of the culture, IPTG was added to a final concentration of 1 mM, and the culture was further performed for 3 hours. After completion of the culture, the cells are collected, washed, and suspended in lm1 of 2 OmM Tris-HC1 (pH 7.6). The cells were disrupted using a bead shocker (manufactured by Yasui Kikai). The supernatant obtained by centrifuging the disrupted solution at 15,000 rpm for 10 minutes was used as a crude enzyme solution.
- a bead shocker manufactured by Yasui Kikai
- the P. coronafaciens A J 2791 strain was cultivated at 30 ° C using 50 ml of broth medium (preculture). Using this culture solution (5 ml) as a seed bacterium, main culture was carried out using 50 ml of a broth medium. After culturing until the late stage of logarithmic growth, 5 Oml of the culture was subjected to a centrifugation operation (1200 Oxg, 4 ° C, 15 minutes) to collect the cells. Using these cells, chromosomal DNA was prepared according to a standard method.
- the cloning of the I HOG aldolase (PcALD) gene derived from the P. coronafaciens AJ 2791 strain was performed by Southern angle analysis and colony hybridization using the IHO G aldolase gene derived from the P. taetrolens ATCC 4683 strain as a probe. Carried out. Using the primers ALD-5 'Nde-1 (SEQ ID NO: 13) and ALD-3' Hind (SEQ ID NO: 9) shown in Table 9, the full-length I HOG aldolase gene was subjected to PCR from chromosomal DNA of P. taetrolens ATCC 4683. Amplified.
- the colonies were transferred to a nylon membrane filter (Hybond-N, manufactured by Amersham) and subjected to alkali denaturation, neutralization, and immobilization. Hybridization was performed using DIG Easy Hyb. The nylon membrane filter was immersed in buffer and prehybridized at 37 ° C for 1 hour. Thereafter, the prepared labeled probe was added, and hybridization was performed at 37 ° C. for 16 hours. The nylon membrane filter was washed twice at room temperature for 5 minutes using 2 ⁇ SSC, and then twice for 15 minutes at 37 ° C. using 0.1 ⁇ SSC. Detection of colonies that hybridized with the probe was performed using the DIG Nucleotide Detection Kit (Roche Diagnostics). As a result, a clone hybridizing with the probe was obtained.
- the constructed P cALD gene transfer plasmid was designated as pUCPcALD.
- pUCPcALD was introduced into E. coli JM109, and the transformant was shaken in a LB medium (LB-amp medium) containing 50 ⁇ g / ml ampicillin at 37 ° C for 24 hours (pre-culture). Add 50 precultures The cells were seeded at 1% in m1 LB medium and cultured at 37 ° C. About 2 hours after the start of the culture, IPTG was added to a final concentration of ImM, and the culture was further performed for 3 hours.
- LB medium LB-amp medium
- IPTG was added to a final concentration of ImM
- the cells were collected, washed, suspended in lm1 of 2 OmM Tris-HC1 (pH 7.6), and the cells were broken using a multi-beads shocker (manufactured by Yasui Kikai). The supernatant obtained by centrifuging the disrupted solution at 15,000 rpm for 10 minutes was used as a crude enzyme solution.
- aldolase activity was measured using PHOG as a substrate.
- E. coli control
- pUCADL pUCADL-introduced strain
- the PHOG aldolase activity of 39.3 U / mg protein was detected. This indicated that the gene encoded the aldolase of interest.
- P t ALD Recombinant P t ALD was purified from the soluble fraction of E. coli in which P. taetrolens AT CC 4683-derived aldolase (hereinafter, P tALD) was highly expressed as follows.
- P tALD P. taetrolens AT CC 4683-derived aldolase
- the aldol degradation activity using PHOG as a substrate was measured under the following conditions. Reaction conditions: 5 OmM Tr is- HC 1 ( . PH8 0), 2 mM PHOG, 0. 2 mM N AD, 0. 2mM Kp i, 1 mM M g C 1 2, 16 U / m 1 lactate dehydrogenase, 3 ⁇ 1 enzyme / 600 ⁇ reaction solution, measure absorbance at 340 nm at 30 ° C
- E. coli JM109 / ptrpALD2 cells cultured on LB-amp plate medium at 37 ° C for 16 hours are scraped with a platinum loop, inoculated into a test tube containing 3 ml of LB-amp medium, and shaken at 37 ° C for 16 hours. Culture was continued. 0.5 ml of the culture was inoculated into 10 500 ml 1 volume flasks containing 50 ml of LB-amp medium, and cultured with shaking at 37 ° C for 16 hours. The cells were collected from the resulting culture by centrifugation, suspended in buffer A (2 OmM Hepes-KOH (pH 7.6)), washed, and then collected again by centrifugation.
- buffer A (2 OmM Hepes-KOH (pH 7.6)
- the obtained washed cells were suspended in 25 ml of buffer A and sonicated at 4 ° C for 30 minutes.
- the solution in which the aldolase activity is detected is dialyzed against buffer B (2 OmM Hepes-KOH (pH 7.6), 1 M ammonium sulfate, pH 7.6) at 4 ° C, and centrifuged at lOOO rpm for 10 minutes. The supernatant was filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ filter. The obtained filtrate was applied to a hydrophobic chromatography column Phenyl Sepharose HP HR 16/10 (manufactured by Pharmacia) equilibrated with buffer B. By this operation, the aldolase was adsorbed on the carrier.
- the aldolase was eluted by changing the concentration of ammonium sulfate linearly from 1 M to 0 M.
- the aldolase activity was measured for each of the obtained elution fractions, and the aldolase activity was observed at the elution position where the concentration of ammonium sulfate was about 0.2 M.
- Pc ALD aldolase
- E. coli JM109 I pUCPcALD cells cultured on an LB-amp plate medium at 37 ° C for 16 hours were scraped with a platinum loop, inoculated into a test tube containing 3 ml of LB-amp medium, and shaken at 37 ° C for 16 hours. Culture was continued. 0.5 ml of the culture was inoculated into seven 500 ml flasks containing 50 ml of LB amp medium (+0.1 mM IPTG) and cultured with shaking at 37 ° C for 16 hours. The cells were collected from the obtained culture by centrifugation, suspended in buffer A (2 OmM Hepes-KOH (pH 7.6)), washed, and then collected again by centrifugation.
- buffer A (2 OmM Hepes-KOH (pH 7.6)
- the washed cells obtained were suspended in 30 ml of buffer 1A, and sonicated at 4 for 30 minutes.
- the lysate was centrifuged + (x 8000 rpm, 10 minutes X 2 times) to remove bacterial cell residues, and the resulting supernatant was used as a crude extract fraction.
- the obtained crude extract fraction was purified by column chromatography in the same manner as in the purification of the recombinant PtALD described in Example 4.
- the fraction purified by two-step power chromatography using Q-Sepharose and Phenyl Superose was subjected to SDS-PAGE, a single band was detected by CBB staining at a position corresponding to about 25 kDa.
- the obtained recombinant P c ALD solution was dialyzed against buffer A at 4 ° C. By the above operation, 10 ml of a 108 U / ml PcALD solution was obtained.
- I HOG 4- (indole-13-ylmethyl) -14-hydroxy-2 from pyruvate and pyruvate in India —Oxodaltaric acid (I HOG) was synthesized.
- IHOG was quantified by HPLC analysis using “Inertsil 0DS-2” (5 ⁇ m, 4.6 ⁇ 250 mm) manufactured by GL Sciences. The analysis conditions are as shown below.
- OmM Hepes-KOH (pH8. 5), 5 ⁇ mM indole over 3-pyruvate, 2 50 mM pyruvate, 1 mM to 5 mM M g C 1 2 comprises a reaction solution P t ALD, P cALD a 1. 8UZm 1, 0.8 U / m 1 and reacted at 33 ° C. for 4 hours.
- the enzyme reaction solution was appropriately diluted, and the amount of IH ⁇ G produced was quantified. As a result, I HOG could be produced by the aldolase.
- the aldol condensation activity of pyruvic acid for various substrates listed in Table 11 was measured.
- 10 OmM Glycine- N a OH (pH9 ), 50 mM substrate, sodium 25 Omm pyruvate, LMM MgC l 2, to prepare a reaction solution consisting of 0. 1 mg / m 1 P t ALD, 2 hours at 33 ° C Incubated.
- the obtained reaction solution was subjected to ultrafiltration using an ultrafiltration membrane Microcon 10 (manufactured by Amicon) having a cut-off molecular weight of 10000.
- the filtrate 2 ⁇ 1 was diluted in 200/1 50% acetonitrile / 0.1% ammonia aqueous solution and subjected to ESI-MS analysis.
- Vm a X (for PH0G) 91.7 ⁇ mol / min / mg
- Km (for PH0G) 0.10 mM
- Km (for MgCl 2 ) 0.019 mM
- Ka (for Kpi) 0.95mM.
- seven times 2 Compared to the untreated silage by MgC 1 2 ⁇ Ka ⁇ of ImM, active respectively to twice the untreated silage was increased by 5 mM KPB added.
- the aldol condensation activity between acetoaldehyde and ⁇ -ketobutyrate was measured.
- the obtained reaction solution was subjected to ultrafiltration using an ultrafiltration membrane Microcon 10 (manufactured by Amicon) having a molecular weight cutoff of 10,000.
- the filtrate was diluted with 200 ⁇ l of 50% acetonitrile / 0.1% ammonia aqueous solution, and subjected to ESI-MS analysis.
- the aldolase of the present invention is a novel aldolase that catalyzes the aldol condensation reaction between indolepyruvic acid and pyruvic acid (or oxa-mouth acetate), and is useful as an intermediate in monatin synthesis (indole-3-ylmethyl). It can be suitably used for the synthesis of 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate (4- (Indol-3-ylmethyl) -4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate; IHOG).
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Priority Applications (14)
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AU2003261722A AU2003261722A1 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2003-08-26 | NOVEL ALDOLASES AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SUBSTITUTED Alpha-KETO ACID |
CN038198991A CN1678742B (zh) | 2002-08-26 | 2003-08-26 | 新型醛缩酶和取代α-酮酸的制备方法 |
EP03792838A EP1533376B1 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2003-08-26 | Novel aldolases and process for producing substituted alpha-keto acid |
JP2004530621A JP4670347B2 (ja) | 2002-08-26 | 2003-08-26 | 新規アルドラーゼおよび置換α−ケト酸の製造方法 |
AT03792838T ATE463568T1 (de) | 2002-08-26 | 2003-08-26 | Neue aldolasen und verfahren zur herstellung von substituierter alpha-ketosäure |
DK03792838.9T DK1533376T3 (da) | 2002-08-26 | 2003-08-26 | Nye aldolaser og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af substitueret alfa-ketosyre |
DE60332026T DE60332026D1 (de) | 2002-08-26 | 2003-08-26 | Ubstituierter alpha-ketosäure |
CA2484871A CA2484871C (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2003-08-26 | Novel aldolase and production process of substituted .alpha.-keto acids |
US11/066,542 US7351569B2 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2005-02-28 | Aldolase and production process of substituted α-keto acids |
US11/960,116 US8058038B2 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2007-12-19 | Aldolase and production process of substituted α-keto acids |
US12/613,839 US20100279365A1 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2009-11-06 | Novel aldolase and production process of substituted alpha-keto acids |
US13/250,359 US8273556B2 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2011-09-30 | Aldolase and production process of substituted α-keto acids |
US13/533,317 US8697416B2 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2012-06-26 | Recombinant polynucleotide, host cells containing the same and a process for producing a protein having aldolase activity |
US13/618,272 US20130252310A1 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2012-09-14 | Novel aldolase and production process of substituted alpha-keto acids |
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CA (2) | CA2484871C (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN103525847A (zh) | 2014-01-22 |
CA2714881A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
US20100279365A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
KR100741650B1 (ko) | 2007-07-24 |
KR20050058516A (ko) | 2005-06-16 |
AU2003261722A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
US8058038B2 (en) | 2011-11-15 |
ATE463568T1 (de) | 2010-04-15 |
JPWO2004018672A1 (ja) | 2005-12-08 |
JP4670347B2 (ja) | 2011-04-13 |
CA2714881C (en) | 2012-10-23 |
US8273556B2 (en) | 2012-09-25 |
US20050153405A1 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
EP1533376A4 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
CA2484871C (en) | 2010-11-30 |
US20120040416A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
RU2005108605A (ru) | 2005-10-27 |
US20130252310A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
CN1678742B (zh) | 2013-07-17 |
CA2484871A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
EP1533376B1 (en) | 2010-04-07 |
DE60332026D1 (de) | 2010-05-20 |
JP2010284170A (ja) | 2010-12-24 |
EP1533376A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
EP2280068A1 (en) | 2011-02-02 |
US20130157342A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
RU2307871C2 (ru) | 2007-10-10 |
CN1678742A (zh) | 2005-10-05 |
DK1533376T3 (da) | 2010-07-19 |
EP2210943A1 (en) | 2010-07-28 |
US20080318290A1 (en) | 2008-12-25 |
US7351569B2 (en) | 2008-04-01 |
US8697416B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 |
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