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  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
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  • C08L23/0807—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing four or more carbon atoms
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  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
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  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing atoms other than carbon or hydrogen
  • C08L23/0853—Ethene vinyl acetate copolymers
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  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing atoms other than carbon or hydrogen
  • C08L23/0869—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing atoms other than carbon or hydrogen with unsaturated acids, e.g. [meth]acrylic acid; with unsaturated esters, e.g. [meth]acrylic acid esters
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  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
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  • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
  • C08L27/16—Homopolymers or copolymers or vinylidene fluoride
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  • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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  • C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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  • C08L91/00—Compositions of oils, fats or waxes; Compositions of derivatives thereof
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  • C08L91/00—Compositions of oils, fats or waxes; Compositions of derivatives thereof
  • C08L91/06—Waxes

Definitions

• the present invention comprises a polyolefin, particularly an ethylene-one-year-old olefin copolymer, an ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid or an ester or a metal salt copolymer thereof, and an ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer.
• a polyolefin particularly an ethylene-one-year-old olefin copolymer, an ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid or an ester or a metal salt copolymer thereof, and an ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer.
• Polyethylene is excellent in physical and scientific properties, and is molded into films, sheets, pipes, containers, etc. by various molding methods such as extrusion molding, injection molding, rotational molding, etc., and is used for household and industrial purposes. It is the most in-demand general-purpose resin used for many applications.
• the most common method is to add a halogen or phosphorus-based flame retardant to the polyethylene to make it flame-retardant.
• the present invention provides a flame-retardant polyolefin resin having excellent mechanical strength, heat resistance, workability, flame retardancy, remarkable resistance to whitening, and improved acid resistance.
• the composition is provided for use as a molding material for electric wires, cables, cables, hooks, sealing materials, hoses, films, injection products, etc., as a masterbatch, etc. is there.
• the present invention is a.
• polystyrene resin examples include homopolymers of non-olefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 11-hexene, 4-methyl-11-pentyne and 1-decene.
• copolymers thereof copolymers of ethylene with unsaturated carboxylic acids or their esters or metal salts, and ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.>
• ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester or metal salt copolymer particularly, ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer and ethylene having a density of 0.86 to 0.91 g and ⁇ are preferred.
• One-olefin copolymers are preferred:
• Specific examples of the above unsaturated carboxylic acids or their estyl and vinyl esters include unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride.
• alkyl (meth) acrylate or vinyl ester is particularly preferable, and ethylethyl acrylate and vinyl acetate are more preferable.
• the monomers may be used as a mixture.
• copolymer examples include ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid ethyl copolymer, and ethylene-methacrylic acid / ethyl acrylate.
• Copolymer ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate Polymers, ethylene monoacrylate-ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene vinyl acetate-ethyl acrylate / ethyl copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid / glycidyl ethyl acrylate copolymer or copolymers thereof (Ionomer) etc. These copolymers may be used as a mixture.
• the melt flow rate (hereinafter, abbreviated as MFR) of the above copolymer is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 50 g, preferably in the range of 0.3 to 20 g, and 10 ⁇ .
• 3 ⁇ 4'1 ⁇ is less than 0.1 g and 1 O min, the workability is poor. If 3 ⁇ 4'1 ⁇ exceeds 50 g and 1 O min, the mechanical strength decreases, which is not preferable.
• the unsaturated carboxylic acid or the derivative thereof is preferably 0.05% with respect to the olefin polymer.
• a polymer prepared by modifying about 10% by weight in the presence of an organic peroxide or a polymer prepared by mixing the modified product with an unmodified olefin polymer is used.
• olefin polymer examples include polyethylene, propylene, and polyethylene: olefin homopolymers such as L-butyldecane, poly-4-methyl-1-pentine; ethylene, propylene, 1-butylene, and 4-pentene.
• an ethylene homopolymer or an ethylene-olefin copolymer having a density of 0.86 to 0.97 gz cid or a mixture thereof is used.
• solid rubber such as polyisobutylene, butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, urethane rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer rubber or liquid polybutadiene is used.
• Synthetic rubbers such as liquid rubbers such as green rubber, natural rubbers, and mixtures thereof may be used in combination with the above-mentioned olefin polymer.
• examples of unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof include monobasic and dibasic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, and fumaric acid, and metal salts of the above unsaturated carboxylic acids, amides, Examples include imids, esters or anhydrides, and among these, maleic anhydride is most preferred.
• a method for modifying the olefin polymer with an unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof a method in which both are heated and reacted in the presence of an organic peroxide is preferable.
• the above reaction is carried out by melt-mixing and reacting in an extruder or a kneader such as a Banbury mixer without using a solvent, or an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene, xylene and toluene, hexane, heptane and octane.
• the method is not particularly limited, for example, a method of heating and mixing in a raw material solvent such as an aliphatic hydrocarbon such as an aliphatic hydrocarbon, and the reaction is preferably performed in an extruder because of the simplicity of operation and excellent economical properties. .:.
• the amount of the unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof added is 0.05 to It is in the range of 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by weight. If the addition amount is less than 0.05, the effect of the present invention is not sufficient, and the effect of coupling the resin with the flame retardant is not exhibited.
• decomposition and cross-linking reaction may occur at the time of modification.
• Examples of the above organic substances include benzoyl veloxide, lauryl peroxide, dicuminoleperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, a, ⁇ -bis (t-butylno-dioxydoxypropyl).
• Benzene, di-t-butylperoxide, 2,5-di (t-butyl-butoxy) hexine ', azobisisobutyronitrile and the like are preferably used, and the amount is preferably 100 parts by weight of the olefin polymer.
• the amount of the organic peracid is less than 0.005 parts by weight, substantially no denaturing effect is exhibited, and it is difficult to obtain further effects even if it is added in excess of 2 parts by weight. In particular, there is a fear that excessive decomposition or crosslinking reaction may be caused.
• the above reaction is appropriately selected in consideration of ordinary temperature conditions, that is, degradation temperature of a resin, decomposition of an unsaturated carboxylic acid, decomposition temperature of an organic peroxide, and the like. It is performed in the range of 300C.
• the above-mentioned olefin polymer modified with an unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof can be used by further mixing and adding an unmodified olefin polymer and / or an unmodified rubber.
• the mixing ratio of the modified olefin polymer and the unmodified olefin polymer and the .gamma. Or unmodified rubber is arbitrary, but is 1:99 to 50: 50, preferably 10: 90 to 45: 55.
• the blending amount of the component b) is 1 to the component a).
• a flame retardant which is the component c) of the present invention a flame retardant which is generally considered to be effective can be used.
• an organic flame retardant such as a halogen-based flame retardant or a phosphorus-based flame retardant or an inorganic flame retardant is used.
• halogen-based flame retardants include tetrabromobisphenol (TBA), hexane-substituted mobenzene, decab-modified diphenyl ether, tetrabromoethane (TBE), tetrabromobutane (TBB), and hexabromocyclodecane (HBCD).
• TAA tetrabromobisphenol
• TBE tetrabromoethane
• TB tetrabromobutane
• HBCD hexabromocyclodecane
• Chlorinated chlorinated paraffins chlorinated polyphenyl, chlorinated polyphenylene, chlorinated polyethylene, diphenyl chloride, perchloropentacyclodecane, chlorinated naphthalene, etc.
• Common halogen-based flame retardants such as;
• Halogenated polystyrene such as brominated polystyrene, brominated polymethylstyrene or derivatives thereof, halogenated polycarbonates such as brominated polycarbonate, polyalkylene tributyl molybdenum phthalate, brominated terephthalate / leic acid polyester, etc.
• Halogenated polyesters nodogenated bisphenol-based ethoxy resins, etc.
• Flame retardants comprising high-molecular-weight halogen-containing polymers such as halogenated epoxy compounds, halogenated borifenilenoxide compounds such as poly (dibromophenylene oxide), and cyanuric acid ester compounds of halogenated bisphenols. .
• phosphorus-based flame retardants include tricresyl phosphate, tri (3-chloroethyl) phosphate, tri (dibromopropyl) phosphate, 2,3-dibutone mower pill, 1,2,3-chloro mouth pro
• the main examples thereof include phosphoric acid esters such as pill phosphate, phosphoric acid ester phosphonate compounds, and phosphinic acid derivatives.
• flame retardants include guanidine compounds such as guanidine nitride.
• organic flame retardants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the organic flame retardant is used in an amount of 5 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 7 to 40 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the resin component a) + b).
• the flame retardant effect is poor, and if the amount exceeds 50 parts by weight, the flame retardant effect is not further improved.
• organic flame retardants particularly halogen-based flame retardants, can exhibit a synergistic effect when used in combination with a flame retardant auxiliary.
• the flame retardant aid examples include antimony triacid, antimony pentoxide, antimony trichloride and antimony pentachloride. Typical examples thereof include antimony compounds such as -1 o-one, antimony trisulfide, antimony pentasulfide, zinc antimonate, antimony tartrate, and antimony metal.
• inorganic flame retardants include water of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zirconium hydroxide, basic magnesium carbonate, dolomite, hydrotalcite, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, and tin oxide. Hydrates of inorganic metal compounds such as hydrates and borax, zinc borate, zinc metaborate, barium metaborate, zinc carbonate, magnesium monocalcium carbonate, barium carbonate, magnesium oxide, molybdenum oxide, zirconium oxide, tin oxide , Red phosphorus and the like.
• hydrates of at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zirconium hydroxide, basic magnesium carbonate, dolomite, and hydrotalcite aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide have good flame retardant effects and are economically advantageous.
• the particle size of these inorganic flame retardants varies depending on the type, but the average particle size of the above aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, etc. is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 10 m or less.
• the amount of the inorganic flame retardant is from 30 to 200 parts by weight, preferably from 40 to 150 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the resin component a) + b). Used in the range of 50 to 120 parts by weight.
• the compounding amount is less than 30 parts by weight, the inorganic flame retardant alone is not sufficiently used. Since it is difficult to make a flame retardant, an organic flame retardant must be used in combination.
• the mechanical strength such as the impact strength is reduced, the flexibility is reduced, and the low-temperature characteristics are deteriorated.
• the whitening inhibitor which is the component d) of the present invention includes: 1) mineral oil, ⁇ , paraffins, ⁇ higher fatty acids and their esters, amides or metal salts, 3 silicone, 4 polyhydric alcohol At least one of fatty acid esters or fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acids, fatty acid amides, alkyl phenol / alkyl or alkyl naphthol alkylene oxide adducts and fluoroelastomer Is also selected from one type.
• mineral oils, waxes and paraffins examples include mineral oils such as process oils; waxes such as microwaxes and polyethylene waxes; and paraffins such as liquid paraffins and natural paraffins. .
• the higher fatty acids and their esters, amides and metal salts include erucic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, pa / remitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, sorbitan fatty acid, diglycerin fatty acid, and pen.
• Higher fatty acids such as taeristol fatty acid, dipentaerythritol fatty acid, and boroxyethylene fatty acid: butyl stearate, monoglyceride stearate, monodaliseride oleate, 12-year-old cystetaric acid, polyoxyethylene (5) glycerin monostearate, Higher fatty acid estyls such as boroxyethylene (20) glycerin monostearate and polyoxyethylene (5) monool; erlic acid amide, oleic acid amide, and stearic acid Examples include amides, ethylenehydroxistalamide, methylenebistearide amide, and ethylenebisstearoad complex amide.
• metal salts of higher fatty acids include magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, calcium stearate, barium stearate, and zinc laurate.
• silicone examples include silicone oil, silicone rubber, silicone rubber, silicone resin, etc., but higher fatty acid-modified silicone oil is most preferred.
• Alkylene oxide adducts of partial fatty acid esters or aliphatic alcohols of polyhydric alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acids, fatty amino acids, fatty acid amides, alkylphenols, and alkylnaphthols include the above-mentioned fatty acids, Condensation of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, etc. with sorbitan fatty acid ester such as sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monopalmitate, glycerin fatty acid ester, diglycerin fatty acid ester, pentaerythritol fatty acid estil, fatty acid amide, etc. An object is added.
• the alkylene oxide preferably has 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
• the addition rate of the alkylene oxide is suitably from 1 to 30 mol for ethylene oxide and from 1 to 10 mol for propylene oxide. These may be added alone or as a mixture. It can be random or block
• 5Fluorine-based elastomers include vinylidene fluoride, black mouth trifluorene, hexafluoroallopyrene and tetratoluene Copolymers with one or more of the monomers selected from fluorethylene are included.
• 1 to 4 are particularly effective in preventing scratch whitening of surface whitening.
• higher fatty acid amides such as oleic acid amide and stearyl acid amide and silicones such as higher fatty acid-modified silicone oil are preferred.
• higher fatty acid amides are economical because they are inexpensive. It is economically advantageous.
• the compounding amount of the whitening inhibitor is 0.05 to 20 parts by weight, and preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the resin.
• the compounding amount of the whitening inhibitor is less than 0.05 parts by weight, the effect of preventing scratching and whitening is small, and if it exceeds 20 parts by weight, not only the mechanical properties such as tensile strength may be reduced, but also Even if it is added more, the effect of preventing whitening does not change and the cost is not desirable.
• the blending of the component d) is effective not only for improving scratch-resistant whitening but also for improving the acid resistance of the composition.
• the flame-retardant olefin polymer resin composition of the present invention has a flame-retardant composition especially when a large amount of a conventional inorganic flame retardant is blended by blending the component (b). Achieved a high degree of flame retardancy by preventing a decrease in tensile strength, which was a drawback of the product, and improving heat resistance, and preventing dripping of the composition during combustion.
• the component d) not only prevents whitening of the composition, but also has a high degree of acidity that improves the acid resistance of the hydrate of the inorganic metal compound.
• ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer ⁇ ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl ester copolymer such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and ethylene copolymer such as ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer
• the composition according to the combination has a good receptivity to the inorganic compound, and the addition of a suitable amount of the modified olefin polymer of the component b) allows the combination of the component a) with the hydrate of the inorganic compound of the component c).
• the ring effect works to increase the tensile strength while minimizing the decrease in elongation, and the addition of the d) component allows the d) component to predecessively bleed out on the surface of the composition to form a thin film. It is thought to improve whitening prevention and acid resistance.
• the fluoroelastomer imparts water resistance by adding a trace amount of harmful gas to a negligible amount and prevents surface whitening. It is also effective for improving the acid resistance of the composition, preventing the occurrence of blemishes during processing, and improving the formability.
• the compounding amount is usually in the range of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.02 to 3 parts by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 2 parts by weight based on the amount of the other components. is there.
• inorganic fillers examples include calcium sulfate, calcium silicate, clay, diatomaceous earth, talc, alumina, silica sand, glass powder, iron oxide, metal powder, dalaphite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon nitride, and nitriding. Boron, nitride / remnium, carbon brass, mica, glass plate, Recipe, neurofilite, aluminum flake, graphite, Silas balloon, metal balloon, glass balloon, pumice stone, glass fiber, carbon fiber, whiskers, metal fiber, graphite fiber, silicon single-byte fiber , Asbestos, wollastonite and the like.
• the surface of the flame retardant or the filler is coated with a fatty acid such as stearic acid, oleic acid, or palmitic acid. It is preferable to apply a surface treatment such as coating with a metal salt, noraffin, ox, polyethylene wax or a modified product thereof, organic silane, organic borane, organic titanate, or the like.
• the composition of the present invention comprises a resin composition and a flame retardant, a flame retardant auxiliary, a scratch-resistant whitening inhibitor, an inorganic filler as required, and an additive comprising a Banbury mixer, a pressure kneader, a kneading extruder, Melt and kneaded by conventional kneading machines such as twin-screw extruders and rolls to form pellets, etc., and used as molded products, master batches, etc. Fuel aids, etc. may be dry-dried
• a cross-linking agent for example, an organic peroxide, zeolite, a silane-based cross-linking agent, etc.
• a cross-linking aid may be added, or ionizing radiation may be applied.
• EEA Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer
• EVA Ethylene vinyl monoxide copolymer
• CMFR. 1.0 g / 10 mia.
• PE ethylene-like copolymer
• OA oleic acid amide
• EA erucic acid amide
• WAX Carnauba wax
• d-4 Higher fatty acid-modified silicone oil (hereinafter referred to as MAS i) [Product name: TSF410 manufactured by Toshiba Silicon Co., Ltd.]
• d-5 Dimethyl silicone oil (hereinafter referred to as Si) [Product name: TSF 451 manufactured by Toshiba Silicon Corp.]
• a tube-shaped sample was suspended in a 10 ⁇ sealed autoclave filled with 40 cc of water, filled with a mixed gas of 9.9% of nitrogen and 1% of carbon dioxide. The situation was visually observed and evaluated as follows.
• the flame-retardant olefin resin composition of the present invention comprises: a) a boroolefin which is a component, in particular, ethylene and an unsaturated carboxylic acid or an ester / metal salt thereof of ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer; And ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and ethylene-vinyl copolymers such as ethylene-propylene copolymers, and unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as component b).
• a boroolefin which is a component, in particular, ethylene and an unsaturated carboxylic acid or an ester / metal salt thereof of ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer
• ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and ethylene-vinyl copolymers such as ethylene-propylene copolymers, and uns
• the combination of the components can dramatically improve whitening prevention performance and acid resistance, and meet the needs of recent years.
• the composition of the present invention is excellent in electric properties, it can be used as an electric insulating material such as electric wires and cables, and an electric material such as a jacket material, with or without cross-linking. it can.
• various types of power plants such as the Nuclear Research Institute, which regulate the amount of corrosive gas, and cables for plants such as cables, physics, steel, oil, etc., as well as advanced wiring such as fireproof electric wires and general house wiring.
• It is also used as an extruded product such as film, sheet, pipe, etc. or as an injection molded product master batch, and is used in various fields such as textiles, electricity, electronics, automobiles, ships, aircraft, construction, civil engineering, etc. Used as packaging materials, electrical and electronic parts, automobile parts, furniture, household goods, etc.

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• 1989
  • 1989-08-22 US US07/890,360 patent/US5317051A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-08-22 KR KR1019900700833A patent/KR0163021B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-08-22 EP EP96202552A patent/EP0763565B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-08-22 DE DE68929468T patent/DE68929468T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-08-22 WO PCT/JP1989/000853 patent/WO1990002153A1/ja not_active Ceased
  • 1989-08-22 EP EP19890909434 patent/EP0392024A4/en not_active Ceased
• 1990
  • 1990-04-20 SE SE9001419A patent/SE465931B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation

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