US6011606A - Parallel field active matrix type liquid crystal display using liquid crystal having particular electrical properties - Google Patents

Parallel field active matrix type liquid crystal display using liquid crystal having particular electrical properties Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US6011606A
US6011606A US08/405,887 US40588795A US6011606A US 6011606 A US6011606 A US 6011606A US 40588795 A US40588795 A US 40588795A US 6011606 A US6011606 A US 6011606A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
substrates
crystal layer
group
pair
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US08/405,887
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Masahito Ohe
Katsumi Kondo
Masuyuki Ota
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Liquid Crystal Display Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Priority to US09/352,951 priority Critical patent/US6830787B1/en
Assigned to HITACHI, LTD. reassignment HITACHI, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KONDO, KATSUMI, OHE, MASAHITO, OTA, MASUYUKI
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US6011606A publication Critical patent/US6011606A/en
Priority to US10/437,914 priority patent/US6849309B2/en
Priority to US11/002,137 priority patent/US7112355B2/en
Assigned to PANASONIC LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY CO., LTD. reassignment PANASONIC LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY CO., LTD. MERGER/CHANGE OF NAME Assignors: IPS ALPHA SUPPORT CO., LTD.
Assigned to HITACHI DISPLAYS, LTD. reassignment HITACHI DISPLAYS, LTD. COMPANY SPLIT PLAN TRANSFERRING ONE HUNDRED (100) PERCENT SHARE OF PATENT AND PATENT APPLICATIONS Assignors: HITACHI, LTD.
Assigned to IPS ALPHA SUPPORT CO., LTD. reassignment IPS ALPHA SUPPORT CO., LTD. COMPANY SPLIT PLAN TRANSFERRING FIFTY (50) PERCENT SHARE OF PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS Assignors: HITACHI DISPLAYS, LTD.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3028—Cyclohexane rings in which at least two rings are linked by a carbon chain containing carbon to carbon single bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3066—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers
    • C09K19/3068—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/32—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing condensed ring systems, i.e. fused, bridged or spiro ring systems
    • C09K19/321—Compounds containing a bicyclo [2,2,2] octane ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
    • C09K19/3402—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
    • C09K19/3441—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having nitrogen as hetero atom
    • C09K19/345—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having nitrogen as hetero atom the heterocyclic ring being a six-membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms
    • C09K19/3458—Uncondensed pyrimidines
    • C09K19/3469—Pyrimidine with a specific end-group other than alkyl, alkoxy or -C*-
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/0403—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit the structure containing one or more specific, optionally substituted ring or ring systems
    • C09K2019/0407—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit the structure containing one or more specific, optionally substituted ring or ring systems containing a carbocyclic ring, e.g. dicyano-benzene, chlorofluoro-benzene or cyclohexanone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
    • C09K19/3402—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom
    • C09K2019/3422—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having oxygen as hetero atom the heterocyclic ring being a six-membered ring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
    • G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/12—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode
    • G02F2201/124—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode interdigital

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus, in which an electric field is applied, mainly parallel to the substrates, and in which a broad visual field and a large numerical aperture are realized.
  • the electrodes for driving the liquid crystal layer are formed on the surface of two substrates, and transparent electrodes are used, the electrodes facing each other.
  • TN method twisted nematic display method
  • a display method in which an electric field is applied in a direction almost parallel to the surface of the substrate using comb-type electrodes has been disclosed in the Japanese Patent publication No 63-21907 (1999) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,345,249.
  • the electrodes are not necessarily selected to be transparent, but non-transparent and metallic electrodes with a higher electric conductivity are used.
  • a transparent electrode In the conventional active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus, typically using the twisted nematic method, a transparent electrode is used. It is, therefore, possible to make the numerical aperture relatively wide, which is the area that the light per unit pixel passes through.
  • an opaque metal electrode In the horizontal electric field method, an opaque metal electrode is used. It is, therefore, impossible to realize a large numerical aperture. In this regard, there is an essential problem in that the opaque portion of the electrode can not be used as part of the area that light passes through. Further, the brightness of the display apparatus also depends upon the magnitude of the numerical aperture- Even if the intensity of the background light is increased in an effort to alleviate this problem, the problem arises that the power consumption is increased extremely.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus using the horizontal electric field method, in which a broad visual field and a large numerical aperture are realized.
  • the present invention comprises a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent; a liquid crystal layer inserted between the substrates; an orientation film provided between the liquid crystal layer and at least one of the pair of substrates and on an inner side of said at least one substrate; a scanning signal electrode, an image signal electrode, a pixel electrode and an active device, each provided between the liquid crystal layer and the at least one substrate; and polarization means provided on the outer side of the substrates, for changing a optical characteristic according to an orientation state of the liquid crystal; each of said electrodes being constructed so as to apply an electric field, mainly parallel to said substrates, against said liquid crystal layer, and being connected to an external control means for controlling optionally the applied electric field according to the display pattern; wherein said electrode lies between at least two dielectric layers disposed above and below the electrode, and wherein the resistivity of said liquid crystal is higher than or equal to 1 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ cm and lower than or equal to 1 ⁇ 10 13 ⁇ cm.
  • the present invention comprises a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent; a liquid crystal layer inserted between the substrates; an orientation film provided between the liquid crystal and at least one of the pair of substrates and on an inner side of said at least one substrate; a scanning signal electrode, an image signal electrode, a pixel electrode and an active device, each provided between the liquid crystal layer and the at least one substrate; and polarization means provided on the outer side of the substrates, for changing a optical characteristic according to an orientation state of the liquid crystal; each of said electrodes being constructed so as to apply an electric field, mainly parallel to said substrates, against said liquid crystal layer, and being connected to an external control means for controlling optionally the applied electric field according to the display pattern; wherein a ratio 1/d of a gap 1 between said electrodes to a cell gap d is greater than or equal to 2.0, and the relation between an elasticity constant K 2 and a dielectric anisotropy ⁇ satisfies the following equation (1):
  • the gap between the substrates facing each other is made to be less than or equal to 6 mm
  • the gap between the electrodes is made to be more than or equal to 10 mm
  • the drive voltage is made to be lower than or equal to 5 V.
  • the liquid crystal composite material is made to include a liquid crystal chemical compound represented by a general chemical formula (I), in which a cyano group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxyl group or nitro group is included as an end group: ##STR1##
  • X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are a fluoro group, cyano group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxyl group, nitro group or hydrogen atom;
  • R is an alkyl group or alkoxyl group having a carbon number 1 to 10 which can be substituted;
  • Ring A is a cyclohexane ring, benzene ring, dioxane ring, pyrimidine ring, or [2,2,2]-bicyclohexane ring;
  • Z is a single bonding, ester bonding, ether bonding, or methylene; or ethylene; and
  • n is an integer, 1 or 2.
  • the liquid crystal composite material is made to include a liquid crystal chemical compound represented by a general chemical formula (II), in which a cyano group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluaoromethoxyl group, or nitro group is included in a transverse axis of the molecule of the liquid crystal chemical compound: ##STR2##
  • a liquid crystal chemical compound represented by a general chemical formula (II) in which a cyano group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluaoromethoxyl group, or nitro group is included in a transverse axis of the molecule of the liquid crystal chemical compound: ##STR2##
  • X 1 and X 2 are a fluoro group, cyano group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxyl group, nitro group or hydrogen atom;
  • R is an alkyl group or alkoxyl group having a carbon number 1 to 10 which can be substituted;
  • Ring A is a cyclohexane ring, benzene ring, dioxane ring, pyrimidine ring, or [2,2,2]-bicyclohexane ring;
  • Z is a single bonding, ester bonding, ether bonding, or methylene, or ethylene; and
  • n is an integer 1 or 2.
  • the rubbing angle is set to an angle more than or equal to 1 degree and less than or equal to 20 degrees relative to the vertical direction of the electric field, and when the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal is negative, the rubbing angle is set to an angle more than or equal to 1 degree and less than or equal to 10 degrees relative to the direction of the electric field.
  • the common electrode is composed of a part of the display pixels, and an alternating current is applied to the common electrode.
  • the transmission axis of said polarizer is set to an angle deviated more than or equal to 1 degree from an initial orientation direction of the liquid crystal to a rotation direction of the axis of the molecule of the liquid crystal due to the applied electric field.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the angle ⁇ P defined by the polarization transmission axis, the angle f LC defined by the liquid crystal molecule longitudinal axis (optical axis) at the interface neighborhood, and the angle ⁇ R defined by the condensive axis in the phase shifter plate inserted between a couple of polarizers.
  • the angle ⁇ P and ⁇ LC are expressed selectively in terms of ⁇ P1 , ⁇ P2 , ⁇ LC1 , and ⁇ LC2 with regard to a couple of polarizers and a couple of liquid crystal interfaces.
  • FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) show side cross-section views showing the operation of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal panel
  • FIGS. 1(c) and 1(d) show front views thereof in accordance with the present invention.
  • active devices are not shown.
  • FIG. 1(a) shows active devices
  • FIG. 1(c) shows front views thereof in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 1(c) shows front views thereof in accordance with the present invention.
  • active devices are not shown.
  • FIG. 1(a) and the front view is shown in FIG. 1(c).
  • the linear electrodes 3 and 4 are formed inside a couple of transparent substrates 7, and a couple of orientation films 5 are coated on the substrates 7 so that they face each other. Liquid crystal composite material is inserted between the films.
  • the liquid crystal molecule 6 shaped in line is oriented so that the angle f LC of the longitudinal axis of the molecule between the longitudinal direction of the Y electrode, shaped in the form of a stripe, may be maintained to be at an adequate angle, such as 45° ⁇ .linevert split. ⁇ LC .linevert split. ⁇ 90°.
  • the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal composite material is assumed to be positive.
  • the axis of the liquid crystal molecule becomes oriented in the direction of the electric field.
  • the polarizer 8 By placing the polarizer 8 on the polarization transmission axis, the optical transmission index can be modulated by applying and changing the electric field.
  • a display operation for defining contrast is accomplished without transparent electrodes.
  • the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal composite material is assumed to be positive, it may be selected to be negative.
  • the angle f LC is maintained at an adequate angle to the vertical direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the striped electrode, such as or 0° ⁇ .linevert split. ⁇ LC .linevert split.45°.
  • the domain around a spacer bead is also improved.
  • the conventional active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus it is required to use a liquid crystal with a high resistivity of at least 1 ⁇ 10 13 ⁇ cm, preferably, 1 ⁇ 10 14 ⁇ cm, in order to apply a sufficient voltage even during a non-selected period of time.
  • the dielectric except for the liquid crystal, such as a glass or other insulation film, acts to hold a capacitance to obtain the voltage hold ratio necessary for proper operation.
  • the relation between the dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ) of the liquid crystal composite material and the elasticity constant (K 2 ) of the twist should satisfy the equation, K 2 / ⁇ 9.0 ⁇ 10 -8 [dyn].
  • the thickness of the electrode is less than that of the liquid crystal composite material layer in the ordinary horizontal electric field method, it is impossible to apply an electric field which is completely parallel to the interface between the liquid crystal layer and the orientation layer onto the liquid crystal composite material layer. This insufficient horizontal electric field tends to cause a reduction in the efficiency of switching operation of the liquid crystal on the interface.
  • the dielectric constant ⁇ LC the liquid crystal layer larger than the dielectric constant ⁇ AF of the orientation layer, preferably by making ⁇ LC twice as large as ⁇ AF , a horizontal electric field which is more parallel to the interface between the liquid crystal and the orientation layer can be provided.
  • the ratio between the elasticity constant and the dielectric anisotropy is set to be 9.0 ⁇ 10 -8 [dyn], and more, preferably when this ratio is set to be 7.0 ⁇ 10 -8 [dyn]
  • a drive voltage of 5 V means that it is possible to produce a display by using the 5 V voltage-tightness of a signal voltage driver.
  • a liquid crystal chemical compound represented by a general chemical formula (I) in which a cyano group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxyl group or nitro group is included as an end group, we obtained an effective liquid crystal with a large numerical aperture. Namely, by a decrease in the resistivity, the static electricity can be prevented, and at the same time the drive voltage can be decreased. The decreasing of the resistivity is further effective for a small viscosity necessary for high-speed response.
  • the liquid crystal which can not increase its resistivity, such as cyano groups can be used for the display apparatus, because liquid crystals with lower resistivity show a high voltage hold ratio in the horizontal electric field method. Therefore, the margin of the kind of the liquid crystal to be used remarkably increases. ##STR3##
  • X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are a fluoro group. cyano group, nitro group or hydrogen atom; R is an alkyl group or alkoxyl group having the carbon number 1 to 10 which can be substituted; Ring A is a cyclohexane ring, benzene ring, dioxane ring, pyrimidine ring, or [2,2,2]-bicyclooctane ring; Z is a single bonding, ester bonding, ether bonding, or methylene, or ethylene; and n is an integer 1 or 2.
  • the present invention does not exclude compounds other than the above.
  • the liquid crystal compound having a fluoro group at the ortho position in its cyano end group represented by 4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl-trans-4-propylcyclohexylcarboxylate, is known to be a material which does not tend to form dimer to cancel the dipole momentum.
  • As such liquid crystal compound has a larger dielectric constant and a lower viscosity, it is effective to apply this kind of compound to the high-speed driving operation in the horizontal electric field method.
  • liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy when using a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy, by including a liquid crystal chemical compound represented by a general chemical formula (II), in which a cyano group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxyl group or nitro group is included as an end group, as described in connection with the fifth aspect, we obtained an effective liquid crystal with a large numerical aperture. Namely, by a decrease in the resistivity, the static electricity can be prevented, and at the same time the drive voltage can be decreased. The decreasing of the resistivity is further effective for a small viscosity necessary for high-speed response.
  • a liquid crystal chemical compound represented by a general chemical formula (II) in which a cyano group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxyl group or nitro group is included as an end group
  • the liquid crystal which can not increase its resistivity, such as the cyano groups, can be used for the display apparatus, because liquid crystals with a lower resistivity show a high voltage hold ratio in the horizontal electric field method. Therefore, the margin of the kind of liquid crystal to be used remarkably increases.
  • X 1 and X 2 are a fluoro group, cyano group, nitro group or hydrogen atom; R is an alkyl group or alkoxyl group having the carbon number 1 to 10 which can be substituted; Ring A is a cyclohexane ring, benzene ring, dioxane ring, pyrimidine ring, or [2,2,2]-bicyclooctane ring; Z is a single bonding, ester bonding, ether bonding, or methylene, or ethylene; and n is an integer 1 or 2.
  • trans-4-heptyl-(2-cyano-3-fluorophenyl)cyclohexane 2-cyano-3-fluoro-4-[trans-4(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]benzene; Trans-4-propyl-(2-cyno-3-fluorobiphenyl-4'-yl)cyclohexane; 2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-1-[trans-4-(2-cyano-3-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]ethane; 2-cyano-3-fluorophenyl-trans-4-pentylecyclohexylcarboxylate; trans-4-heptyl-(2-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)cyclohexane; 2-fluoro-3-cyano-4-[trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]benzene; trans-4-propyle-
  • the rubbing angle is set to an angle more than or equal to 1 degree and less than or equal to 10 degrees relative to the vertical direction of the electric field, and when the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal is negative, the rubbing angle is set to an angle more than or equal to 1 degree and less than or equal to 10 degrees relative to the direction of the electric field.
  • This is another important way of reducing the drive voltage. As the angle between the axis of the molecule of the liquid crystal and the direction of the electric field becomes close to 90 degree, the voltage at the maximum transmission factor shifts to the low voltage side.
  • a non-select voltage can be set to the high voltage side, because the threshold voltage of the response to the electric field shifts to the high voltage side. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the width of the drive voltage.
  • FIG. 9 shows a typical example thereof, where it is desired that the rubbing angle is as small as possible, so long as any doains do not occur.
  • the eighth aspect is also effective to reduce the width of the drive voltage, as shown in FIG. 10, in which the transmission axis of a polarizing plate is deviated more than 1 degree from the initial orientation direction.
  • FIG. 1(a)-1(d) is a view illustrating the operation of the liquid crystal using the horizontal electric field method.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the definition of the rubbing direction and the axis direction of a polarizer.
  • FIGS. 3(a)-3(c) are views showing an example of an electrode configuration in a unit pixel of the liquid crystal display apparatus.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing another example of the electrode configuration in a unit pixel of the liquid crystal display apparatus.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a typical example of the configuration of a color filter substrate.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a TFT circuit in the liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 7(a)-7(e) are examples of the waveform diagrams of alternating current applied to the common electrode.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the result of experiments on the voltage hold ratio in the liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing the variation of the width of a drive voltage in a rubbing direction.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing the variation of the voltage-transmittance characteristic caused by the variation of the axis direction of a polarizer.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing a voltage-transmittance characteristic.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph showing a voltage-transmittance characteristic.
  • Two transparent glass substrates are used, each being 1.1 mm in thickness and having a surface which is polished.
  • an orientation film is formed on them, which also acts as an insulation film.
  • Polyamide is used as the orientation film in this embodiment.
  • a rubbing-processing is performed on the polyamide film in order to orient the liquid crystal.
  • the polyamide and rubbing processings are performed also on the other substrate.
  • a nematic liquid crystal composite is sandwiched by these substrates, of which the dielectric constant anisotropy ⁇ is +7.3 and the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n is 0.074 (589 nm, 20°).
  • a gap d is provided by distributing polymer beads between the substrates, and the size of gap is 4.0 ⁇ m. Thus, d ⁇ n is 0.296 ⁇ m.
  • the normally-close characteristic of the display pixel can be established, that is, the display pixel is in a dark state at a low voltage (V OFF ), and is in a bright state at a high voltage (V ON ).
  • FIGS. 3(a) to 3(c) show the configurations of a thin film transistor and all kinds of electrodes.
  • FIG. 3(a) is a front view seen from the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.
  • FIG. 3(b) and FIG. 3(c) are sectional side elevations.
  • the thin film transistor 14 comprises a pixel electrode (source electrode) 4, a signal electrode (drain electrode) 3, scanning electrode (gate electrode) 12, and amorphous silicone 13.
  • common electrodes 1 and the scanning electrode 12, and the signal electrode 3 and the pixel electrode 4, respectively, are a part of the pattern made by the same metal layer.
  • a capacitor 16 is formed by sandwiching a gate insulation film 2 with the pixel electrode 4 and the common electrodes 1 at an area (shown by the dotted line in FIG.
  • the pixel electrode is disposed between two common electrodes.
  • the pitch of the pixel electrode is 69 ⁇ m in a horizontal direction, i.e. between signal wiring electrodes, and 207 ⁇ m in a vertical direction, i.e. between scanning wiring electrodes.
  • the width of the electrode is taken widely in order to avoid a wiring defect, in the wiring electrode extending over a plurality of electrodes, the scanning electrode, the signal electrode, or the common electrode wiring portion (the portion extending in a horizontal direction in FIG. 3 parallel to the scanning wiring electrode). More concretely, the width of the electrode is taken to be 10 ⁇ m.
  • the width of the electrode is a little bit narrower in order to increase the numerical aperture in the pixel electrode formed independently for every pixel and the longitudinally extending portion of the signal wiring electrode of the common electrode. More concretely, the width of the electrode is taken to be 5 ⁇ m and 8 ⁇ m, respectively. The possibility of breaking of a wire will become higher because the width of the electrode was decreased. However, the breaking of a wire results in a partial defect, and does not result in a line defect. In addition, in order to increase the numerical aperture as high as possible, a portion of the common electrode and a portion of the signal electrode are provided one above the other, with an insulation film being inserted between those electrodes, and the width of the superposed portion is 1 ⁇ m.
  • the present invention adopts a black matrix configuration, as shown in FIG. 3(c), in which only light in the direction of the scanning wiring electrode is prevented.
  • a 44.0% high numerical aperture is obtained, in which the gap between the common electrode and the pixel electrode is 20 ⁇ m, the length in the longitudinal direction of the opening is 157 ⁇ m, and the number of pixels formed by 320 signal wiring electrodes and 160 wiring electrodes is 320 ⁇ 160.
  • the resistivity of the liquid crystal is 7.6 ⁇ 10 12 , and undesirable conditions of orientation due to static electricity do not occur.
  • An active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus having both a broad visual field and a large numerical aperture, is established, in which an inversion of gradation does not occur over more than 60 degrees in the up and down direction, and more than 60 degrees in the right and left direction.
  • the structure in the embodiment 2 is identical to that of the embodiment 1 except for the following features.
  • the material used for the liquid crystal compound is prepared by adding 5 weight % of 4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl-trans-4-propylcyclohexylcarboxylate into the liquid crystal of the embodiment 1.
  • the weight % represents hereinafter the ratio to the total weight.
  • the resistivity of the liquid crystal is 7.6 ⁇ 10 12 ⁇ cm, and undesirable conditions of orientation due to static electricity do not occur.
  • An active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus having both a broad visual field and a large numerical aperture, is established, in which an inversion of gradation does not occur over more than 60 degrees in the up and down direction, and more than 60 degrees in the right and left direction.
  • the structure in the embodiment 3 is identical to that of the embodiment 1 except for the following features.
  • the material used for the liquid crystal compound is prepared by adding a 7 weight % of 3,4-dicyanophenyl-trans-4-bentylcyclocarboxylate into the liquid crystal composite of the embodiment 1.
  • the resistivity of the liquid crystal is 3.3 ⁇ 10 11 ⁇ cm, and the undesirable conditions of orientation due to static electricity do not occur.
  • an active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus having both a broad visual field and a large numerical aperture, is established, in which an inversion of gradation does not occur over more than 60 degrees in the up and down direction, and more than 60 degrees in the right and left direction.
  • the structure in the embodiment 4 is identical to that of the embodiment 1 except for the following features.
  • the material used for the liquid crystal compound is prepared by adding 10 weight % of 4-trifluoromethoxyl-3,5-difluorophenyl-trans-4-bentylcyclohexylcalboxylate into the liquid crystal compound having 4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl-trans-4-ethyiphenylcarboxylate, 1-[4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-2-(4-methylcyclohexyl)ethane, 4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl-4-(4-propylcyclohexyl)phenylcarboxylate and so on as a representative compound.
  • the resistivity of the liquid crystal is 2.4 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ cm, and the undesirable conditions of orientation due to static electricity do not occur.
  • the relation between the elasticity constant K 2 and the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ , is made to be 8.5 ⁇ 10 -8 ⁇ cm.
  • the drive voltage can be established to be 5 V or less.
  • the structure in the embodiment 5 is identical to that of the embodiment 1 except for the following features.
  • the material used for the liquid crystal compound is prepared by adding 20 weight % of 4-cyano-3,5-difluorophenyl-trans-4-bentylcyclohexylcarboxylate into the liquid crystal compound having 4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl-trans-4-ethylphenylcarboxylate, 1-[4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl) cyclohexyl]-2-(4-methylcyclohexyl)ethane, 4-cyano-3-trifluoromethyl-5-fluorophenyl-4-(4 -propylcyclohexyl)phenylcarboxylate and so on as a representative compound.
  • the resistivity of the liquid crystal is 9.3 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ cm, and the undesirable conditions of orientation due to static electricity do not occur.
  • the relation between the elasticity constant K 2 and the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ , is made to be 5.4 ⁇ 10 -8 ⁇ cm.
  • the drive voltage can be established to be 5 V or less.
  • the structure in the embodiment 5 is identical to that of the embodiment 1 except for the following features.
  • FIG. 4 shows the configurations of a thin film transistor and all kinds of electrodes, in more detail, and represents a front view seen from the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.
  • the thin film transistor 14 comprises a pixel electrode (source electrode) 4, a signal electrode (drain electrode) 3, scanning electrode (gate electrode) 12, and amorphous silicone 13. Common electrodes 1 and the scanning electrode 12, and the signal electrode 3 and the pixel electrode 4, respectively, are a part of the pattern made by the same metal layer.
  • a capacitor 16 is made by sandwiching a gate insulation film 2 with the pixel electrode 4 and the common electrodes 1 at an area (shown by the dotted line in FIG. 1) between two common electrodes. In the front view, the pixel electrode is disposed among three common electrodes 1.
  • the pitch of the pixel electrode is 100 ⁇ m in a horizontal direction, i.e. between signal wiring electrodes, and 300 ⁇ m in a vertical direction, i.e. between scanning wiring electrodes.
  • the width of the electrode is taken widely in order to avoid a wiring defect in the wiring electrode extending over a plurality of electrodes, the scanning electrode 12, the signal electrode 13, or the common electrode wiring portion (the portion extending in a horizontal direction in FIG. 3 parallel to the scanning wiring electrode). More concretely, the width of the electrodes are taken to be 10 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m and 8 ⁇ m respectively. While, the width of the pixel electrode formed independently for every pixel and that of the longitudinally extending portion of the signal wiring electrode of the common electrode are a little bit narrower.
  • these widths are 5 ⁇ m and 6 ⁇ m, respectively.
  • the possibility of breaking a wire becomes higher because the width of the electrode was decreased.
  • the breaking of a wire results in a partial defect, and does not result in a line defect.
  • the common electrode and the signal electrode are spaced by an insulation film, in which the spacing is 2 ⁇ m thick.
  • a black matrix configuration and a color filter are provided in the opposite substrate side, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the gap between the common electrode and the pixel electrode is 20 ⁇ m, and the length in the longitudinal direction of the opening is 157 ⁇ m.
  • the number of pixels formed by 640 signal wiring electrodes and 480 wiring electrodes is 320 ⁇ 160.
  • the nematic liquid crystal composite is sandwiched between the substrates, which includes 10 weight % of 3-cyano-4-trifluoro-methoxy-5-fluorophenyl-trans-4-ethylcyclohexylcarboxylate, and in which the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ is +8.9 and the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n is 0.08 (589 nm, 20°).
  • the resistivity of the liquid crystal is 8.1 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ cm, and the undesirable conditions of orientation due to static electricity do not occur.
  • an active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus having both a broad visual field and a large numerical aperture, is established, in which an inversion of gradation does not occur over more than 60 degrees in the up and down direction, and more than 60 degrees in the right and left direction.
  • the structure in the embodiment 7 is identical to that of the embodiment 6 except for the following features.
  • the material used for the liquid crystal compound is prepared by adding 10 weight % of 4-cyano-3,5-difluorophenyl-trans-4-probylcyclohexylcarboxylate into the liquid crystal of the embodiment 6.
  • the resistivity of the liquid crystal is 2.2 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ cm, and undesirable conditions of orientation due to static electricity do not occur.
  • the relation between the elasticity constant K 2 and the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ is made to be 4.6 ⁇ 10 -8 ⁇ cm.
  • the drive voltage can be established to be 5 V or less.
  • the structure in the embodiment 8 is identical to that of the embodiment 6 except for the following features.
  • the material used for the liquid crystal compound is prepared by adding 20 weight % of 4-cyano-3,5-difluorophenyl-trans-4-probylcyclohexylcalboxylate into the liquid crystal composite of the embodiment 6.
  • the resistivity of the liquid crystal is 6.2 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ cm, the undesirable conditions of orientation due to static electricity do not occur.
  • the relation between the elasticity constant K 2 and the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ is made to be 2.9 ⁇ 10 -8 ⁇ cm.
  • the drive voltage can be established to be 5 V or less.
  • the structure in the embodiment 9 is identical to that of the embodiment 6 except for the following features.
  • the material used for the liquid crystal compound is prepared by adding 10 weight % of 3-cyano-4-trifluoromethoxy-5-fluorophenyl-trans-4-ethylcyclohexylcalboxylate into the liquid crystal composite of the embodiment 6.
  • the resistivity of the liquid crystal is 8.8 ⁇ 10 -9 ⁇ cm, and undesirable conditions of orientation due to static electricity do not occur.
  • the relation between the elasticity constant K 2 and the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ is made to be 2.3 ⁇ 10 -8 ⁇ cm.
  • the drive voltage can be established to be 5 V or less.
  • the structure in the embodiment 10 is identical to that of the embodiment 1 except for the following features.
  • a nematic liquid crystal composite is sandwiched by these substrates, of which the dielectric constant anisotropy ⁇ is -3.3 and the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n is 0.074 (589 nm, 20°).
  • the material used here is a liquid crystal compound in which 4 weight % of 3-cyano-2-fluorophenyl-trans-4-bentylcyclahexylcarboxylate is added to the nematic liquid crystal composite.
  • the resistivity of the liquid crystal is 8.6 ⁇ 10 11 ⁇ cm, and undesirable conditions of orientation due to static electricity do not occur.
  • an active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus having both a broad visual field and a large numerical aperture, is-established, in which an inversion of gradation does not occur over more than 60 degrees in the up and down direction, and more than 60 degrees in the right and left direction.
  • the structure in the embodiment 11 is identical to that of the embodiment 6 except for the following features.
  • the resistivity of the liquid crystal is 7.2 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ cm, and undesirable conditions of orientation due to static electricity do not occur.
  • an active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus having both a broad visual field and a large numerical aperture, is established, in which a inversion of gradation does not occur over more than 60 degrees in the up and down directions and more than 60 degrees in the right and left direction.
  • the structure in the embodiment 12 is identical to that of the embodiment 6 except for the following features.
  • the voltage-transmittance characteristic of this active matrix type liquid crystal apparatus is as indicated in FIG. 11, in which V OFF can be set to 2.1 V and V ON can be set to 6.8 V. Therefore, the width of the drive voltage can be set to 4.7 V.
  • an active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus having both a broad visual field and a large numerical aperture, is established, in which an inversion of gradation does not occur over more than 60 degrees in the up and down direction, and more than 60 degrees in the right and left direction.
  • the structure in the embodiment 13 is identical to that of the embodiment 11 except for the following features.
  • the voltage-transmittance characteristic of this active matrix type liquid crystal apparatus is as indicated in FIG. 11, in which V OFF can be set to 4.0 V and V ON can be set to 8.8 V. Therefore, the width of the drive voltage can be set to 4.8 V.
  • an active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus having both a broad visual field and a large numerical aperture, is established, in which an inversion of gradation does not occur over more than 60 degrees in the up and down direction, and more than 60 degrees in the right and left direction.
  • the structure in the embodiment 14 is identical to that of the embodiment 12 except for the following features.
  • the common electrode is arranged according to the following, as seen in FIG. 6, in order to apply an alternating current thereto.
  • Each scanning electrode 12 and each signal electrode 3 are connected to a scanning electrode drive circuit 18 and a signal electrode drive circuit 19, respectively. Further, the common electrode 1 is connected to a common electrode drive circuit 20.
  • a signal waveform carrying information is applied to the signal electrode 3.
  • a scanning waveform in synchronism with the signal waveform is applied to the scanning electrode 12.
  • the information signal is transferred from the signal electrode 3 through a thin film transistor 14 to the pixel electrode 4, whereby the voltage produced between the pixel electrode and the common electrode 1 is applied to a portion of the liquid crystal.
  • a voltage waveform is also applied to the common electrode. Therefore, a voltage including that of the common electrode is applied to the portion of the liquid crystal.
  • FIG. 7 shows those voltage waveforms applied to each of the wiring electrodes, where the amplitudes of the voltage waveforms in FIG. 7 are set as follows.
  • V D-CENTER 14.0 V
  • V GH 28.0 V
  • V GL 0 V
  • V DH 16.4 V
  • V DL 11.4 V
  • V CH 15.1 V
  • V CL 9.1 V.
  • V ON and V OFF of FIG. 11 are 2.1 volts and 6.8 volts, respectively. As a result, a higher contrast ratio of 150 is obtained.
  • V DP-P , V SP-P , and V CP-P represent peak-to-peak values of the signal voltage, the source voltage, and the common voltage, respectively.
  • the structure in the embodiment 15 is identical to that of the embodiment 13 except for the following features.
  • an alternating current is applied to the common electrode, and the display apparatus is driven. Accordingly, a relatively cheap driver can be used, and it becomes possible to reduce the production cost.
  • the structure in the embodiment 16 is identical to that of the embodiment 14 except for the following features.
  • FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the voltage-transmittance characteristic and the drive waveform obtained in the above structure.
  • V DP-P , V SP-P , and V CP-P represent peak-to-peak values of the signal voltage, the source voltage, and the common voltage.
  • the common electrode is arranged in the same way as the Embodiment 9, in order to apply an alternating current thereto.
  • Each scanning electrode 12 and each signal electrode 3 are connected to a scanning electrode drive circuit 18 and a signal electrode drive circuit 19, respectively. Further, the common electrode 1 is connected to a common electrode drive circuit 20 (see FIG. 6).
  • a signal waveform carrying information is applied to the signal electrode 3.
  • a Scanning waveform in synchronism with the signal waveform is applied to the scanning electrode 12.
  • the information signal is transferred from the signal electrode 3 through a thin film transistor 14 to the pixel electrode 4, whereby the voltage produced between the pixel electrode and the common electrode 1 is applied to a portion of the liquid crystal.
  • a voltage waveform is also applied to the common electrode. Therefore, a voltage including that of the common electrode is applied to the portion of the liquid crystal.
  • FIG. 7 shows those voltage waveforms applied to each of the wiring electrodes, where the amplitudes of the voltage waveforms in FIG. 7 are set as follows.
  • V D-CENTER 14.0 V
  • V GH 28.0 V
  • V GL 0 V
  • V DH 15.1 V
  • V DL 12.9 V
  • V CH 20.4 V
  • the plunge voltage ⁇ V GS (+1), ⁇ V GS (-1) produced by the parasitic capacitance between the gate electrode and the source electrode, the voltage V S applied over the pixel electrode and the voltage V LC applied over the liquid crystal are shown in the following Table.
  • the unit of voltage is hereinafter taken as a volts.
  • V ON and V OFF of FIG. 12 are 9.16 volts and 6.85 volts, respectively. As a result, a sufficiently high contrast ratio of 100 is obtained.
  • the structure in the embodiment 17 is identical to that of the embodiment 15 except for the following features.
  • the values of V ON and V OFF are 17.4 volts and 14.2 volts, respectively.
  • a sufficiently high contrast ratio of 100 is obtained.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
US08/405,887 1994-03-17 1995-03-17 Parallel field active matrix type liquid crystal display using liquid crystal having particular electrical properties Expired - Lifetime US6011606A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/352,951 US6830787B1 (en) 1994-03-17 1999-07-14 Active matrix liquid crystal display apparatus
US10/437,914 US6849309B2 (en) 1994-03-17 2003-05-15 Active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus
US11/002,137 US7112355B2 (en) 1994-03-17 2004-12-03 Active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4680794 1994-03-17
JP6-046808 1994-03-17
JP6-046807 1994-03-17
JP4680894 1994-03-17

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/352,951 Continuation US6830787B1 (en) 1994-03-17 1999-07-14 Active matrix liquid crystal display apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US6011606A true US6011606A (en) 2000-01-04

Family

ID=26386933

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/405,887 Expired - Lifetime US6011606A (en) 1994-03-17 1995-03-17 Parallel field active matrix type liquid crystal display using liquid crystal having particular electrical properties
US09/437,301 Abandoned US20020039162A1 (en) 1994-03-17 1999-11-09 Active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/437,301 Abandoned US20020039162A1 (en) 1994-03-17 1999-11-09 Active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US6011606A (US07576128-20090818-C00015.png)
EP (2) EP0673986B1 (US07576128-20090818-C00015.png)
KR (1) KR100328790B1 (US07576128-20090818-C00015.png)
CN (1) CN1106588C (US07576128-20090818-C00015.png)
DE (1) DE69530953T2 (US07576128-20090818-C00015.png)
TW (1) TW262553B (US07576128-20090818-C00015.png)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6097465A (en) * 1996-03-01 2000-08-01 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. In plane switching LCD with 3 electrode on bottom substrate and 1 on top substrate
US6411360B1 (en) * 1999-06-18 2002-06-25 Hitachi, Ltd. Inplane switching type liquid crystal display with alignment layer formed on columnar spacer directly
US20020171640A1 (en) * 2001-05-21 2002-11-21 Bu Lin-Kai Method of display by sub-frame driving
US20030201422A1 (en) * 1994-03-17 2003-10-30 Masahito Ohe Active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus
US6697141B2 (en) * 1999-06-11 2004-02-24 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display with opaque common electrodes over the video signal lines and fabrication method thereof
US20040125305A1 (en) * 1996-02-14 2004-07-01 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory, Co., Ltd., A Japan Corporation A liquid crystal electro-optical device and method of driving the same.
US20040183980A1 (en) * 2003-03-19 2004-09-23 Cheuh-Ju Chen In-plane switching liquid crystal display and method for manufacturing the same
US20060001817A1 (en) * 1995-11-17 2006-01-05 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd., A Japan Corporation Liquid crystal display and method of driving same
US20060009427A1 (en) * 2004-07-08 2006-01-12 Warner-Lambert Company Llc Androgen modulators
US20060152661A1 (en) * 1998-03-06 2006-07-13 Hitachi, Ltd. Liquid crystal display device
US20060252796A1 (en) * 2005-05-05 2006-11-09 Warner-Lambert Company Llc Androgen modulators
US20070197642A1 (en) * 2004-04-22 2007-08-23 Warner-Lambert Company Llc Androgen modulators
US20070197641A1 (en) * 2004-04-13 2007-08-23 Lain-Yen Hu Androgen modulators
US20080064745A1 (en) * 2004-08-18 2008-03-13 Warner-Lambert Company Llc Androgen Modulators
US20090170886A1 (en) * 2005-08-08 2009-07-02 Pfizer Inc Androgen modulators
US7576128B2 (en) 2004-02-13 2009-08-18 Pfizer Inc. Androgen receptor modulators
US9222023B2 (en) 2012-04-12 2015-12-29 Jiangsu Hecheng Display Technology Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal composition and display device thereof
US9809748B2 (en) 2014-03-10 2017-11-07 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid-crystalline media having homeotropic alignment

Families Citing this family (93)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0807153B1 (de) * 1995-02-03 2001-03-28 MERCK PATENT GmbH Elektrooptische flüssigkristallanzeige
DE19537802A1 (de) * 1995-10-11 1997-04-17 Merck Patent Gmbh Elektrooptische Flüssigkristallanzeige
DE19528106A1 (de) * 1995-02-03 1996-08-08 Merck Patent Gmbh Elektrooptische Flüssigkristallanzeige
DE19509410A1 (de) * 1995-03-15 1996-09-19 Merck Patent Gmbh Elektrooptische Flüssigkristallanzeige
TW371312B (en) * 1995-04-12 1999-10-01 Chisso Corp Fluorine-substituted liquid-crystal compound, liquid-crystal composition and liquid-crystal display device
JP3807454B2 (ja) * 1995-12-27 2006-08-09 チッソ株式会社 電気光学液晶システム
DE19803112A1 (de) 1997-03-14 1998-09-17 Merck Patent Gmbh Elektrooptische Flüssigkristallanzeige
KR100745115B1 (ko) * 1999-02-25 2007-08-01 가부시끼가이샤 히다치 세이사꾸쇼 액정표시장치
EP1069463A3 (en) * 1999-07-15 2004-08-04 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Active matrix type liquid crystal display
JP2002139737A (ja) * 2000-07-31 2002-05-17 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 液晶表示装置とその製造方法
JP3793915B2 (ja) * 2001-02-28 2006-07-05 株式会社日立製作所 液晶表示装置
JP2004537752A (ja) * 2001-08-01 2004-12-16 コーニンクレッカ　フィリップス　エレクトロニクス　エヌ　ヴィ 表示装置
TWI248968B (en) 2001-09-28 2006-02-11 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid crystalline medium and liquid crystal display
KR20030078355A (ko) * 2002-03-29 2003-10-08 삼성전자주식회사 수직 배향형 액정 표시 장치
DE602006004250D1 (de) * 2005-05-25 2009-01-29 Merck Patent Gmbh Flüssigkristallines Medium und Flüssigkristallanzeige
EP1813662B1 (en) 2006-01-27 2009-10-21 MERCK PATENT GmbH Liquid crystalline medium and liquid crystal display
ATE468380T1 (de) 2006-03-17 2010-06-15 Merck Patent Gmbh Flüssigkristallines medium und flüssigkristallanzeige
EP1842894B1 (en) 2006-04-07 2011-05-04 Merck Patent GmbH Liquid crystalline medium and liquid crystal display
DE602007004922D1 (de) 2006-11-27 2010-04-08 Merck Patent Gmbh Flüssigkristallines Medium und Flüssigkristallanzeige
EP1925653B1 (en) 2006-11-27 2010-02-24 MERCK PATENT GmbH Liquid crystalline medium and liquid crystal display
EP1935960B1 (en) 2006-12-20 2010-11-03 Merck Patent GmbH Liquid crystalline medium and liquid crystal display
DE102008016053A1 (de) 2007-04-24 2008-10-30 Merck Patent Gmbh Flüssigkristallines Medium und Flüssigkristallanzeige
DE102008046379B4 (de) 2007-10-05 2018-12-20 Merck Patent Gmbh Flüssigkristallines Medium und dessen Verwendung in einer Flüssigkristallanzeige
WO2009095158A1 (de) 2008-02-01 2009-08-06 Merck Patent Gmbh Flüssigkristallines medium und flüssigkristallanzeige
TWI506123B (zh) 2008-02-01 2015-11-01 Merck Patent Gmbh 液晶介質及液晶顯示器
US8404150B2 (en) 2008-02-15 2013-03-26 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid-crystalline medium and liquid-crystal display
JP5634879B2 (ja) 2008-02-18 2014-12-03 メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングＭｅｒｃｋ Ｐａｔｅｎｔ Ｇｅｓｅｌｌｓｃｈａｆｔ ｍｉｔ ｂｅｓｃｈｒａｅｎｋｔｅｒ Ｈａｆｔｕｎｇ 液晶媒体および液晶ディスプレイ
ATE527333T1 (de) 2008-03-11 2011-10-15 Merck Patent Gmbh Flüssigkristallines medium und flüssigkristallanzeige
KR101771870B1 (ko) 2008-03-11 2017-09-05 메르크 파텐트 게엠베하 액정 매질 및 액정 디스플레이
DE102009011989A1 (de) 2008-03-31 2009-10-01 Merck Patent Gmbh Flüssigkristallines Medium und Flüssigkristallanzeige
DE102010018170A1 (de) 2009-04-30 2010-12-30 Merck Patent Gmbh Flüssigkristallines Medium und Flüssigkristallanzeige
DE102010015824B4 (de) 2009-04-30 2021-12-30 Merck Patent Gmbh Flüssigkristallines Medium und Flüssigkristallanzeige
TWI461512B (zh) * 2009-05-11 2014-11-21 Jnc Corp 液晶顯示元件
DE102010052795A1 (de) 2009-12-21 2011-06-22 Merck Patent GmbH, 64293 Flüssigkristallines Medium und Flüssigkristallanzeige
US9234135B2 (en) 2010-08-19 2016-01-12 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid-crystalline medium and liquid-crystal displays
DE102011108708A1 (de) 2010-09-25 2012-03-29 Merck Patent Gmbh Flüssigkristallanzeigen und flüssigkristalline Medien mit homöotroper Ausrichtung
DE102010049441B4 (de) 2010-10-23 2019-05-09 Merck Patent Gmbh Flüssigkristallines Medium für Flüssigkristallanzeigen
DE102011119144A1 (de) 2010-12-07 2012-06-14 Merck Patent Gmbh Flüssigkristallines Medium und Flüssigkristallanzeige
EP2670818B1 (de) 2011-02-05 2016-10-05 Merck Patent GmbH Flüssigkristallanzeigen mit homöotroper ausrichtung
EP2855630B1 (de) 2012-06-05 2017-12-20 Merck Patent GmbH Flüssigkristallines medium und flüssigkristallanzeige
US9726933B2 (en) 2012-12-17 2017-08-08 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid-crystal displays and liquid-crystalline media having homeotropic alignment
EP3174955B1 (de) 2014-07-28 2019-10-23 Merck Patent GmbH Flüssigkristalline medien mit homöotroper ausrichtung
CN105482828B (zh) 2014-09-19 2018-09-21 江苏和成显示科技有限公司 液晶组合物及其显示器件
CN105586058B (zh) 2014-10-20 2020-08-07 江苏和成显示科技有限公司 液晶组合物及其显示器件
EP3112441B1 (de) 2015-07-03 2020-04-08 Merck Patent GmbH Flüssigkristallines medium und flüssigkristallanzeige
US10465115B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2019-11-05 Merck Patent Gmbh Cinnamic acid derivatives
KR20180130569A (ko) 2016-04-13 2018-12-07 메르크 파텐트 게엠베하 나노캡슐화를 위한 조성물 및 액정 매질을 포함하는 나노캡슐
EP3475389B1 (en) 2016-06-28 2020-02-26 Merck Patent GmbH Liquid crystalline medium
CN109476997B (zh) 2016-07-19 2022-08-23 默克专利股份有限公司 液晶介质
CN107760318B (zh) 2016-08-15 2021-01-26 江苏和成显示科技有限公司 液晶组合物及液晶显示器件
WO2018078078A1 (en) 2016-10-31 2018-05-03 Merck Patent Gmbh Nanocapsules comprising a liquid-crystalline medium
DE102017010159A1 (de) 2016-11-21 2018-05-24 Merck Patent Gmbh Verbindungen zur homöotropen Ausrichtung von flüssigkristallinen Medien
EP3551722B1 (en) 2016-12-09 2020-10-07 Merck Patent GmbH Liquid crystalline medium
EP3345985A1 (en) 2017-01-09 2018-07-11 Merck Patent GmbH Liquid-crystalline medium
EP3375842A1 (en) 2017-03-16 2018-09-19 Merck Patent GmbH Liquid-crystalline medium
TW201900854A (zh) 2017-04-10 2019-01-01 德商馬克專利公司 用於奈米封裝之組合物及包含液晶介質之奈米囊
US11124705B2 (en) 2017-04-20 2021-09-21 Merck Patent Gmbh Light modulation element
KR20190039639A (ko) 2017-10-05 2019-04-15 메르크 파텐트 게엠베하 작용화된 폴리비닐 알콜을 포함하는 조성물 및 액정 매질을 함유하는 나노캡슐
DE102019000286A1 (de) 2018-02-05 2019-08-08 Merck Patent Gmbh Verbindungen zur homöotropen Ausrichtung von flüssigkristallinen Medien
EP3784755B1 (en) 2018-04-23 2022-06-15 Merck Patent GmbH Liquid crystal mixture and liquid crystal display
KR20210003836A (ko) 2018-04-23 2021-01-12 메르크 파텐트 게엠베하 액정 혼합물 및 액정 디스플레이
EP3784751A1 (en) 2018-04-23 2021-03-03 Merck Patent GmbH Liquid crystal mixture and liquid crystal display
CN111989383A (zh) 2018-04-23 2020-11-24 默克专利股份有限公司 液晶混合物及液晶显示器
EP3802733A1 (en) 2018-06-11 2021-04-14 Merck Patent GmbH Liquid crystalline medium
KR20210022647A (ko) 2018-06-20 2021-03-03 메르크 파텐트 게엠베하 액정 매질
CN112585243A (zh) 2018-08-22 2021-03-30 默克专利股份有限公司 液晶混合物及液晶显示器
US20220380672A1 (en) 2018-08-22 2022-12-01 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid Crystal Mixture and Liquid Crystal Display
EP3617293B1 (en) 2018-08-28 2023-03-29 Merck Patent GmbH Liquid-crystalline medium and liquid-crystal display
EP3856869B1 (en) 2018-09-25 2024-04-03 Merck Patent GmbH Azo dye
EP3864111A1 (en) 2018-10-10 2021-08-18 Merck Patent GmbH Liquid crystal mixture and liquid crystal display
WO2020083807A1 (en) 2018-10-25 2020-04-30 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid-crystalline medium
JP7439086B2 (ja) 2018-11-23 2024-02-27 メルク・パテント・ゲゼルシヤフト・ミツト・ベシユレンクテル・ハフツング 二色性色素組成物
EP3666853B1 (en) 2018-12-10 2021-06-16 Merck Patent GmbH Liquid-crystal medium
CN113166648A (zh) 2018-12-12 2021-07-23 默克专利股份有限公司 液晶混合物和液晶显示器
WO2020127141A1 (en) 2018-12-19 2020-06-25 Merck Patent Gmbh Switching layers for use in a switching element
GB2589659B (en) 2019-05-28 2023-04-05 Merck Patent Gmbh Compositions comprising polymerizable oligoethyleneglycol derivatives and nanocapsules containing a liquid-crystalline medium
US20220251448A1 (en) 2019-06-04 2022-08-11 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid Crystal Mixture and Liquid Crystal Display
EP3757192A1 (en) 2019-06-28 2020-12-30 Merck Patent GmbH Liquid crystalline medium
EP3792334B1 (en) 2019-09-16 2022-01-19 Merck Patent GmbH Liquid crystal mixture and liquid crystal display
WO2021148421A1 (en) 2020-01-23 2021-07-29 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid-crystal medium
WO2021151846A1 (en) 2020-01-29 2021-08-05 Merck Patent Gmbh Method for adjustment of alignment of liquid crystals
KR20210125922A (ko) 2020-04-09 2021-10-19 메르크 파텐트 게엠베하 액정 매질
US20220119711A1 (en) 2020-10-19 2022-04-21 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid-crystal medium
CN116368132A (zh) 2020-10-19 2023-06-30 默克专利股份有限公司 4,6-二氟二苯并噻吩衍生物和包含其的液晶介质
CN116568778A (zh) 2020-11-19 2023-08-08 默克专利股份有限公司 液晶介质
WO2022122780A1 (en) 2020-12-11 2022-06-16 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid crystal mixture and liquid crystal display
US11802243B2 (en) 2021-02-26 2023-10-31 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid-crystal medium
EP4249570A1 (en) 2022-03-21 2023-09-27 Merck Patent GmbH Liquid-crystalline medium
TW202405135A (zh) 2022-04-12 2024-02-01 德商馬克專利公司 液晶介質
TW202405136A (zh) 2022-04-12 2024-02-01 德商馬克專利公司 液晶介質
WO2023198673A1 (en) 2022-04-12 2023-10-19 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid-crystalline medium
EP4299694A1 (en) 2022-07-01 2024-01-03 Merck Patent GmbH Liquid-crystal medium
EP4306614A1 (en) 2022-07-15 2024-01-17 Merck Patent GmbH Liquid-crystalline medium

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3807831A (en) * 1972-06-20 1974-04-30 Beckman Instruments Inc Liquid crystal display apparatus
US4181563A (en) * 1977-03-31 1980-01-01 Citizen Watch Company Limited Process for forming electrode pattern on electro-optical display device
US4345249A (en) * 1979-12-25 1982-08-17 Citizen Watch Company Limited Liquid crystal display panel
WO1991010936A1 (de) * 1990-01-09 1991-07-25 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Elektrooptisches flüssigkristallschaltelement
US5283676A (en) * 1991-05-13 1994-02-01 Hughes-Jvc Technology Corporation Liquid crystal light valve
US5841499A (en) * 1990-01-09 1998-11-24 Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Reflection mode liquid crystal display devices having a parallel electric field and α0 which is ≦ 30°

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2933563A1 (de) * 1979-07-18 1981-02-05 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Anisotrope verbindungen mit negativer dk-anisotropie
JPS5716087A (en) * 1980-07-04 1982-01-27 Hitachi Ltd Liquid crystal display device
DE3209178A1 (de) * 1982-03-13 1983-09-15 Merck Patent Gmbh, 6100 Darmstadt Polyhalogenaromaten
JPS58210057A (ja) * 1982-06-01 1983-12-07 Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc ４−ｎ−アルキルシクロヘキサンカルボニルオキシ−３′−フロロ−４′−シアノベンゼン
JPS61282328A (ja) * 1985-06-10 1986-12-12 Chisso Corp シクロヘキサン誘導体
JPH07100790B2 (ja) * 1986-09-01 1995-11-01 チッソ株式会社 ネマチツク液晶組成物
JPH0684339B2 (ja) * 1987-11-16 1994-10-26 チッソ株式会社 シクロヘキサン誘導体
JP2660702B2 (ja) * 1987-12-14 1997-10-08 チッソ株式会社 液晶組成物
JP2696557B2 (ja) * 1989-03-07 1998-01-14 チッソ株式会社 トリフルオロベンゼン誘導体
EP0438575B1 (de) * 1989-08-12 1994-10-26 MERCK PATENT GmbH Benzolderivate und flüssigkristallines medium
GB2234979B (en) * 1989-08-15 1992-12-23 Merck Patent Gmbh 4-alkyl-4'-(o-fluorophenethyl)bi-cyclohexanes as liquid crystal components
US5487845A (en) * 1989-09-06 1996-01-30 Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Fluorobenzene derivatives and liquid-crystalline medium
DE4010447A1 (de) * 1990-03-31 1991-10-02 Merck Patent Gmbh Matrix-fluessigkristallanzeige
GB2250748A (en) * 1990-12-13 1992-06-17 Secr Defence Liquid crystal mixtures
DE69123127T2 (de) * 1990-12-20 1997-04-03 Merck Patent Gmbh Flüssigkristallanzeige
DE69332575T2 (de) * 1992-09-18 2003-11-20 Hitachi Ltd Flüssigkristall-Anzeigevorrichtung
JP3543351B2 (ja) * 1994-02-14 2004-07-14 株式会社日立製作所 アクティブマトリクス型液晶表示装置

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3807831A (en) * 1972-06-20 1974-04-30 Beckman Instruments Inc Liquid crystal display apparatus
US4181563A (en) * 1977-03-31 1980-01-01 Citizen Watch Company Limited Process for forming electrode pattern on electro-optical display device
US4345249A (en) * 1979-12-25 1982-08-17 Citizen Watch Company Limited Liquid crystal display panel
WO1991010936A1 (de) * 1990-01-09 1991-07-25 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Elektrooptisches flüssigkristallschaltelement
US5841499A (en) * 1990-01-09 1998-11-24 Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Reflection mode liquid crystal display devices having a parallel electric field and α0 which is ≦ 30°
US5283676A (en) * 1991-05-13 1994-02-01 Hughes-Jvc Technology Corporation Liquid crystal light valve

Cited By (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6849309B2 (en) * 1994-03-17 2005-02-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus
US7112355B2 (en) 1994-03-17 2006-09-26 Hitachi Ltd. Active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus
US20050084623A1 (en) * 1994-03-17 2005-04-21 Masahito Ohe Active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus
US20030201422A1 (en) * 1994-03-17 2003-10-30 Masahito Ohe Active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus
US20060001817A1 (en) * 1995-11-17 2006-01-05 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd., A Japan Corporation Liquid crystal display and method of driving same
US8154697B2 (en) 1995-11-17 2012-04-10 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display and method of driving same
US9213193B2 (en) 1995-11-17 2015-12-15 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display and method of driving
US20100060811A1 (en) * 1995-11-17 2010-03-11 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display and method of driving same
US7616282B2 (en) 1995-11-17 2009-11-10 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display and method of driving same
US20040125305A1 (en) * 1996-02-14 2004-07-01 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory, Co., Ltd., A Japan Corporation A liquid crystal electro-optical device and method of driving the same.
US7511776B2 (en) * 1996-02-14 2009-03-31 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal electro-optical device and method of driving the same
US6097465A (en) * 1996-03-01 2000-08-01 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. In plane switching LCD with 3 electrode on bottom substrate and 1 on top substrate
US20060152661A1 (en) * 1998-03-06 2006-07-13 Hitachi, Ltd. Liquid crystal display device
US7599031B2 (en) * 1998-03-06 2009-10-06 Hitachi, Ltd. Liquid crystal display device
US6762816B1 (en) * 1999-06-11 2004-07-13 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display with special electrode configurations and compositions and method for producing the same
US6697141B2 (en) * 1999-06-11 2004-02-24 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display with opaque common electrodes over the video signal lines and fabrication method thereof
US6411360B1 (en) * 1999-06-18 2002-06-25 Hitachi, Ltd. Inplane switching type liquid crystal display with alignment layer formed on columnar spacer directly
US6870530B2 (en) * 2001-05-21 2005-03-22 Chi Mei Optoelectronics Corp. Method of display in which frames are divided into subframes and assigned driving shift voltages
US7333101B2 (en) 2001-05-21 2008-02-19 Chi Mei Optoelectronics Corp. Systems and devices for display in which frames are divided into subframes and assigned driving shift voltages
US20020171640A1 (en) * 2001-05-21 2002-11-21 Bu Lin-Kai Method of display by sub-frame driving
US20050162416A1 (en) * 2001-05-21 2005-07-28 Chi Mei Optoelectronics Corp. Method of display by sub-frame driving
US20040183980A1 (en) * 2003-03-19 2004-09-23 Cheuh-Ju Chen In-plane switching liquid crystal display and method for manufacturing the same
US7576128B2 (en) 2004-02-13 2009-08-18 Pfizer Inc. Androgen receptor modulators
US20070197641A1 (en) * 2004-04-13 2007-08-23 Lain-Yen Hu Androgen modulators
US7507860B2 (en) 2004-04-13 2009-03-24 Pfizer Inc. Androgen modulators
US20070197642A1 (en) * 2004-04-22 2007-08-23 Warner-Lambert Company Llc Androgen modulators
US7473711B2 (en) 2004-04-22 2009-01-06 Pfizer Inc. Androgen modulators
US20060009427A1 (en) * 2004-07-08 2006-01-12 Warner-Lambert Company Llc Androgen modulators
US20100048517A1 (en) * 2004-07-08 2010-02-25 Pfizer Inc Androgen modulators
US7670613B2 (en) 2004-07-08 2010-03-02 Pfizer Inc. Androgen modulators
US20080064745A1 (en) * 2004-08-18 2008-03-13 Warner-Lambert Company Llc Androgen Modulators
US20060252796A1 (en) * 2005-05-05 2006-11-09 Warner-Lambert Company Llc Androgen modulators
US7674819B2 (en) 2005-05-05 2010-03-09 Warner-Lambert Company Llc Androgen modulators
US7799823B2 (en) 2005-05-05 2010-09-21 Warner-Lambert Company Llc Androgen modulators
US20070072936A1 (en) * 2005-05-05 2007-03-29 Warner-Lambert Company Llc Androgen modulators
US20090170886A1 (en) * 2005-08-08 2009-07-02 Pfizer Inc Androgen modulators
US9222023B2 (en) 2012-04-12 2015-12-29 Jiangsu Hecheng Display Technology Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal composition and display device thereof
US9809748B2 (en) 2014-03-10 2017-11-07 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid-crystalline media having homeotropic alignment
US10513657B2 (en) 2014-03-10 2019-12-24 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid-crystalline media having homeotropic alignment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0673986A3 (en) 1996-07-03
EP1070753A2 (en) 2001-01-24
CN1126348A (zh) 1996-07-10
US20020039162A1 (en) 2002-04-04
EP0673986B1 (en) 2003-06-04
EP0673986A2 (en) 1995-09-27
TW262553B (US07576128-20090818-C00015.png) 1995-11-11
DE69530953D1 (de) 2003-07-10
CN1106588C (zh) 2003-04-23
EP1070753A3 (en) 2007-01-17
DE69530953T2 (de) 2004-05-19
KR100328790B1 (ko) 2002-11-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6011606A (en) Parallel field active matrix type liquid crystal display using liquid crystal having particular electrical properties
EP0667555B1 (en) Active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus
JPH07306417A (ja) アクティブマトリクス型液晶表示装置
KR100431910B1 (ko) 액티브 매트릭스형 액정 표시 장치 및 액정 조성물질
KR100489314B1 (ko) 액티브매트릭스형액정표시장치
JPH07181439A (ja) アクティブマトリクス型液晶表示装置
US6849309B2 (en) Active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus
US20060244895A1 (en) Liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method of liquid crystal display device
JP6414723B2 (ja) 液晶表示素子
JPH02272521A (ja) 液晶表示装置
CN110320687A (zh) 电控双稳态调光器件的驱动方法
JPH0377915A (ja) 液晶表示装置
US6166798A (en) TN cell having improved display of grey shades
KR20020002590A (ko) 전계를 향상시킨 수직배향-프린지전계스위칭 모드액정표시장치
JP2977356B2 (ja) アクティブマトリックス液晶表示装置の駆動方法
JP2002055326A (ja) 液晶表示装置
JP6197983B1 (ja) 液晶表示素子
TW201312542A (zh) 光學裝置
JP2019012122A (ja) 液晶組成物および液晶表示素子
JP3529776B6 (ja) グレートーン表示が改良されたｔｎセル
Lin et al. P‐142: Design of Electrode Structure for AS”‐IPS Mode with High Aperture Ratio and Low Crosstalk
JPH0320714A (ja) 液晶表示装置
Naemura Advanced Liquid Crystalline Materials for Modern Displays
JPH04306293A (ja) 液晶表示素子
KR20000002655A (ko) 에스.티.엔. 액정표시장치

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: HITACHI, LTD., JAPAN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:OHE, MASAHITO;KONDO, KATSUMI;OTA, MASUYUKI;REEL/FRAME:010186/0516

Effective date: 19950302

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 12

AS Assignment

Owner name: PANASONIC LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY CO., LTD., JAPAN

Free format text: MERGER/CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:IPS ALPHA SUPPORT CO., LTD.;REEL/FRAME:027363/0315

Effective date: 20101001

Owner name: IPS ALPHA SUPPORT CO., LTD., JAPAN

Free format text: COMPANY SPLIT PLAN TRANSFERRING FIFTY (50) PERCENT SHARE OF PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS;ASSIGNOR:HITACHI DISPLAYS, LTD.;REEL/FRAME:027362/0466

Effective date: 20100630

Owner name: HITACHI DISPLAYS, LTD., JAPAN

Free format text: COMPANY SPLIT PLAN TRANSFERRING ONE HUNDRED (100) PERCENT SHARE OF PATENT AND PATENT APPLICATIONS;ASSIGNOR:HITACHI, LTD.;REEL/FRAME:027362/0612

Effective date: 20021001