US5677297A - Benzazepine-, benzoxazepine- and benzothiazepine-n-acetic acid derivatives, process for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them - Google Patents

Benzazepine-, benzoxazepine- and benzothiazepine-n-acetic acid derivatives, process for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them Download PDF

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US5677297A
US5677297A US08/620,213 US62021396A US5677297A US 5677297 A US5677297 A US 5677297A US 62021396 A US62021396 A US 62021396A US 5677297 A US5677297 A US 5677297A
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Harald Waldeck
Dagmar Hoeltje
Josef Messinger
Jochen Antel
Michael Wurl
Dirk Thormaehlen
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Abbott Products GmbH
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Solvay Pharmaceuticals GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D223/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D223/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D223/16—Benzazepines; Hydrogenated benzazepines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/06—Dipeptides
    • C07K5/06139—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being heterocyclic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/10—Antioedematous agents; Diuretics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/04—Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel benzazepine-, benzoxazepine- and benzothiazepine-N-acetic acid derivatives which contain an oxo group in the position ⁇ to the nitrogen atom and are substituted in position 3 by a 1-(carboxyalkyl)cyclopentylcarbonylamino radical, to salts and biolabile esters thereof, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and processes for preparing these compounds.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide new pharmaceutically active substances which can be used to treat heart failure.
  • the invention therefore relates to novel compounds of the general formula I ##STR2## in which R 1 is a lower alkoxy-lower-alkyl group whose lower alkoxy radical is substituted by a lower alkoxy group, or a phenyl-lower-alkyl or phenyloxy-lower-alkyl group which can optionally be substituted in the phenyl ring by lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or halogen, or a naphthyl-lower-alkyl group,
  • A is CH 2 , O or S
  • R 2 is hydrogen or halogen
  • R 3 is hydrogen or halogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen or a group forming a biolabile ester
  • R 5 is hydrogen or a group forming a biolabile ester
  • substituents in the compounds of formula I are or contain lower alkyl or alkoxy groups, these can be straight-chain or branched and contain, in particular, 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 2, carbon atoms and are preferably methyl or methoxy.
  • substituents are halogen or contain halogen substituents, particularly suitable are fluorine, chlorine or bromine, preferably fluorine or chlorine.
  • a in the compounds of formula I can be a methylene group, oxygen or sulfur and is preferably methylene.
  • the compounds of formula I can carry the substituents R 2 and R 3 in the phenyl ring. Both substituents R 2 and R 3 , or at least one of these substituents however, are preferably hydrogen.
  • R 1 is preferably a radical containing an aromatic ring, for example an optionally substituted phenyl-lower-alkyl or phenyloxy-lower-alkyl radical in which the lower alkylene chain can contain 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 2, carbon atoms.
  • R 1 is, in particular, an optionally substituted phenethyl group which can optionally be substituted one or more times by halogen, lower alkoxy or lower alkyl or is a naphthylethyl group.
  • R 1 is a lower alkoxy-lower-alkyl group which is substituted by lower alkoxy, this is preferably a lower alkoxymethyl group in which the lower alkoxy radical contains 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 2, carbon atoms and is substituted by lower alkoxy, especially methoxy.
  • the compounds of formula I are optionally esterified dicarboxylic acid derivatives.
  • biolabile monoesters especially compounds in which R 4 is a group forming a biolabile ester and R 5 is hydrogen, or dicarboxylic acids are preferred, the latter being particularly suitable for i.v. administration.
  • Suitable groups R 4 and R 5 forming biolabile esters include lower alkyl groups, phenyl or phenyl-lower-alkyl groups which are optionally substituted in the phenyl ring by lower alkyl or by a lower alkylene chain bonded to two adjacent carbon atoms, dioxolanylmethyl groups which are optionally substituted in the dioxolane ring by lower alkyl, or C 2 -C 6 -alkanoyloxymethyl groups which are optionally substituted on the oxymethyl group by lower alkyl.
  • the group R 4 or R 5 forming a biolabile ester is lower alkyl, this can be a preferably unbranched alkyl group with 1 to 4, preferably 2, carbon atoms.
  • the group forming a biolabile ester is an optionally substituted phenyl-lower-alkyl group
  • its alkylene chain can contain 1 to 3, preferably 1 carbon atoms.
  • the phenyl ring is substituted by a lower alkylene chain, this can contain 3 to 4, in particular 3, carbon atoms.
  • Particularly suitable phenyl-containing substituents R 4 and/or R 5 are phenyl, benzyl or indanyl.
  • R 4 and/or R 5 are an optionally substituted alkanoyloxymethyl group
  • its alkanoyloxy group can contain 2 to 6, preferably 3 to 5, carbon atoms and is preferably branched and can be, for example, a pivaloyloxymethyl radical (tert-butylcarbonyloxymethyl radical).
  • novel compounds of formula I and their salts according to the invention are obtained by reacting acids of the general formula II ##STR3## in which R 1 has the above meaning and R 4a is an acid protective group, or the reactive acid derivatives thereof, in a known manner with amines of the general formula III ##STR4## in which R 2 , R 3 and A have the above meanings, and R 5a is an acid protective group, to give amides of the general formula IV ##STR5## in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4a , R 5a and A have the above meanings, and eliminating simultaneously or successively in any desired sequence the acid protective groups R 4a and R 5a , unless they are a required group forming a biolabile ester, in the compounds of formula IV, and, if required, esterifying each unblocked acid group with an alcohol of the general formula V
  • R 6 is a group forming a biolabile ester and X is a reactive group which can be eliminated, and, if required, converting resulting acids of formula I into their physiologically acceptable salts, or converting salts of the acids of formula I into the free acids.
  • Suitable physiologically acceptable salts of dicarboxylic acids or monoesters of formula I include their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts, for example sodium or calcium salts or salts with physiologically acceptable, pharmacologically neutral organic amines such as, for example diethylamine or tert-butylamine.
  • the compounds of formula I contain two asymmetric carbon atoms, namely the carbon atom which is in position 3 of the ring framework and carries the amide side chain, and the carbon atom which carries the radical R 1 in the amide side chain.
  • the compounds can thus exist in several optically active stereoisomeric forms or as racemate.
  • the present invention embraces both the racemic mixtures and the isomerically pure compounds of formula I.
  • the reaction of the acids of formula II with the amines of formula III to give the amides of formula IV can be carried out by conventional methods for forming amide groups by aminoacylation.
  • Acylating agents which can be used include the acids of formula II or their reactive derivatives.
  • Particularly suitable reactive derivatives include mixed acid anhydrides and acid halides.
  • acid chlorides or acid bromides of the acids of formula II or mixed anhydrides of the acids of formula II with organic sulfonic acids for example lower alkanesulfonic acids such as, for example, methanesulfonic acid or aromatic sulfonic acids such as, for example, benzenesulfonic acid or benzenesulfonic acids substituted by lower alkyl or halogen, for example toluenesulfonic acids or bromobenzenesulfonic acids, can be used.
  • the acylation can be carried out in an organic solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions, preferably at temperatures between -20° C. and room temperature.
  • Particularly suitable solvents include halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, or aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene or toluene, or cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, or mixtures of these solvents.
  • the acylation can advantageously be carried out, especially when a mixed anhydride of the acids of formula II with a sulfonic acid is used as acylating agent, in the presence of an acid-binding reagent.
  • Suitable acid-binding agents are bases which are soluble in the reaction mixture, especially organic bases such as tert-lower-alkylamines and pyridines such as, for example, triethylamine, tripropylamine, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 4-diethylaminopyridine or 4-pyrrolidinopyridine.
  • organic bases used in excess can also simultaneously serve as solvents.
  • the reaction of the amino compounds of formula III with the acids of formula II can also be advantageously carried out in the presence of a coupling reagent known from peptide chemistry to be suitable for amide formation.
  • Examples which may be particularly mentioned of coupling reagents which promote amide formation with the free acids by reacting with the acid in situ to form a reactive acid derivative include alkylcarbodiimides, for example cycloalkylcarbodiimides such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or 1-ethyl-3- 3-(dimethylamino)propyl!carbodiimide, carbonyldiimidazole and N-lower-alkyl-2-halopyridinium salts, especially halides or tosylates, preferably N-methyl-2-chloropyridinium iodide (see, for example, Mukaijama in Angewandte Chemie 91, pages 789-812).
  • the reaction in the presence of a coupling reagent can advantageously be carried out at temperatures from -30 to +50° C. using solvents such as halogenated hydrocarbons and/or aromatic solvents, where appropriate in the presence of an acid-binding amine
  • protective groups R 4a and R 5a are not groups required in the compounds of formula I for forming a biolabile ester, they can be eliminated in a known manner from the compounds of formula IV obtained by reacting the compounds of formula II with the compounds of formula III.
  • the protective groups R 4a and R 5a may be any groups which are conventionally used for protecting acid functionalities and which can be subsequently eliminated again by known methods. Suitable acid protective groups are disclosed, for example, in McOmie, “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry", Plenum Press and in Greene, “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis” Wiley Interscience Publications.
  • tert-butyl esters which can easily be cleaved by acids but are considerably more stable to basic conditions or hydrogenolysis
  • the protective groups R 4a and R 5a which are preferably used are protective groups which can be eliminated by acid, for example the tert-butyl group, and the tert-butyl ester compounds of formula IV obtained by reacting the compounds of formula II with the compounds of formula III are subsequently cleaved by treatment with acid.
  • the cleavage can take place, for example, by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid as such or with a solution of trifluoroacetic acid in a halogenated hydrocarbon, for example dichloromethane, or by treatment with HCl gas in an organic solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions, for example ethyl acetate.
  • the reaction can be carried out at temperatures between -25° C. and room temperature.
  • a suitable protective group R 5a is, for example, the tert-butyl group which can be eliminated by acid or a group which can be eliminated by hydrogenolysis, such as benzyl.
  • R 4a in the compounds of formula II is an acid-sensitive group forming a biolabile ester
  • R 5a in the compounds of formula IIIa group which can be eliminated by hydrogenolysis, such as benzyl
  • the hydrogenolysis can be carried out by catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst, preferably a Pd/C catalyst, in an organic solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions, for example a lower alcohol such as ethanol or a lower alkyl ester such as ethyl acetate.
  • the catalytic hydrogenation is advantageously carried out under a pressure of 4 to 5 bar of hydrogen at room temperature.
  • R 4a is a protective group which can be eliminated by acid, in particular the tert-butyl group, and R 5a is an acid-stable protective group, for example benzyl.
  • the resulting monocarboxylic acid of formula IV' can then be esterified with an alcohol of formula V or a corresponding compound of formula Va by conventional methods for ester formation.
  • Suitable reactive groups X which can be eliminated in the compounds of formula Va include halogens, especially chlorine or bromine, or an organic sulfonic acid radical, for example the radical of a lower-alkanesulfonic acid such as, for example, methanesulfonic acid or of aromatic sulfonic acids such as benzenesulfonic acid or benzenesulfonic acids substituted by lower alkyl or halogen such as toluenesulfonic acids.
  • alcohols of formula V can be reacted, for example, with an acid of formula IV' or a reactive acid derivative of this acid in a known manner for the acylation of alcohols.
  • the reaction can, for example, be carried out under the reaction conditions described above for reacting compounds of formula II with compounds of formula III.
  • the starting compounds of formula II can be obtained by known methods.
  • compounds of the general formula IIa ##STR7## in which R 4a has the above meaning, and R 1a has the meaning stated for R 1 with the exception of a lower alkoxy-lower-alkoxymethyl radical
  • R 4a and R 1a have the above meanings
  • the reaction can be carried out in a known manner under the conditions of a Michael addition in an organic solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions by reacting the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid with a strong base which is able to form the dianion of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid, and subsequently reacting with the acrylic ester derivative of formula VI.
  • Suitable solvents include ethers, especially cyclic ethers such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran.
  • Suitable strong bases include non-nucleophilic organic alkali metal amides such as, for example, lithium diisopropylamide. It is advantageous to react the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid in tetrahydrofuran with two equivalents of lithium diisopropylamide, and subsequently to react the reaction mixture with the compound of formula VI.
  • the reaction temperature can be between -70° and 0° C.
  • reaction of the halo carboxylic esters of formula VIII with the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid of formula VII can be carried out in a known manner in a solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions in the presence of a strong base which is able to form the dianion of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid.
  • the reaction can be carried out under the conditions stated for the reaction of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid with compounds of formula VI.
  • the subsequent reaction of the acids of formula IX with compounds of formula Xb can be carried out in a known manner under conditions suitable for the ⁇ -alkylation of carboxylic esters in an organic solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions in the presence of a strong base.
  • Preferred compounds of formula Xb include those in which X is chlorine or bromine.
  • Suitable solvents include ethers, especially cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran or dioxane. It is possible to use as strong base alkali metal hydrides or amides, for example lithium diisopropylamide.
  • the compounds of formula II have an asymmetric center on the carbon atom carrying the radical R 1 and are obtained in the form of their racemates from the synthesis.
  • the optically active compounds can be obtained from the racemic mixtures in a known manner, for example by chromatographic separation on chiral separating materials or by reaction with suitable optically active bases, for example ⁇ -methylbenzylamine or pseudoephedrine, and subsequent fractionation into their optical antipodes by fractional crystallicrystallization of the resulting salts.
  • Acrylic ester derivatives of formula VI can be obtained in a known manner by reacting (dilower-alkylphosphono)acetic ester derivatives of the general formula XI ##STR12## in which R 4a and R 1a have the above meanings, and R 7 and R 8 are each lower alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl, with formaldehyde under basic conditions in an organic solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions.
  • compounds of formula XI can be reacted with paraformaldehyde in an ether, preferably a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base, preferably a non-nucleophilic alkali metal alcoholate such as potassium tert-butoxide, at temperatures between -20° and +30° C.
  • an ether preferably a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran
  • a base preferably a non-nucleophilic alkali metal alcoholate such as potassium tert-butoxide
  • R a and X have the above meanings.
  • the reaction can be carried out under customary conditions for alkylation in a polar aprotic organic solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions in the presence of a base at temperatures between 0° and 80° C.
  • Preferred compounds of formula Xa include those in which X is halogen, especially bromine or iodine, or tosylate.
  • suitable solvents include amides, such as dimethylformamide, or ethers.
  • Suitable bases include non-nucleophilic alkali metal alcoholates such as, for example, potassium tert-butoxide.
  • Compounds of formula VI can also be obtained by treating malonic acid derivatives of the general formula XIII ##STR14## in which R 4a and R 1a have the above meanings, in a known manner with formaldehyde under basic conditions.
  • malonic acid derivatives of formula XIII can be reacted with an aqueous formaldehyde solution in the presence of a secondary organic amine, especially piperidine, at temperatures between 0° and 30° C., preferably at temperatures below room temperature.
  • the malonic acid derivatives of formula XIII can also be reacted with paraformaldehyde in pyridine at temperatures between 40° and 60° C.
  • the malonic monoesters of formula XIII can be obtained by reacting malonic diesters of the general formula XIV
  • R 4a has the above meaning
  • R 9 is lower alkyl, especially methyl or benzyl, with compounds of formula Xa, and converting the resulting malonic diester derivatives of the general formula XV ##STR15## in which R 1a , R 4a and R 9 have the above meanings, by partial hydrolysis into the corresponding malonic monoester derivatives of formula XIII.
  • the introduction of the radical R 1a into the malonic diesters of formula XIV can be carried out in a known manner by reacting the esters of formula XIV with a compound of formula Xa in a polar aprotic organic solvent, preferably dimethylformamide, in the presence of a base, for example a non-nucleophilic alkali metal alcoholate such as potassium tert-butoxide at temperatures between 0° C. and 80° C.
  • a base for example a non-nucleophilic alkali metal alcoholate such as potassium tert-butoxide at temperatures between 0° C. and 80° C.
  • the reaction can, for example, be carried out under the conditions described above for the reaction of compounds of formula XI with compounds of formula Xa.
  • the resulting substituted malonic diesters of formula XV can be converted into the corresponding malonic monoesters of formula XIII by eliminating the radical R 9 in a known manner.
  • the protective group R 4a and the radical R 9 are different radicals with different reactivities, it is advantageous to choose for the elimination of the radical R 9 conditions under which the radical R 4a is not attacked.
  • R 9 is benzyl
  • the elimination can take place in a known manner by hydrogenolysis.
  • Lower alkyl esters R 9 are eliminated by hydrolysis in a known manner, under acidic or alkaline conditions depending on the nature of the alkyl radical.
  • R 9 is preferably ethyl, which can be eliminated by alkaline hydrolysis.
  • alkyl esters of formula XV in a lower alcohol or a mixture of a lower alcohol with water with an alkali metal hydroxide, for example potassium hydroxide.
  • an alkali metal hydroxide for example potassium hydroxide.
  • reaction of compounds of formula XVI with compounds of formula XVII can be carried out by conventional methods for the alkylation of amides.
  • Preferred compounds of formula XVII include those in which X is halogen, preferably bromine or iodine.
  • the reaction can be carried out in a polar aprotic organic solvent, for example dimethylformamide or a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran and in the presence of a base.
  • Suitable bases include non-nucleophilic bases such as, for example, potassium tert-butoxide.
  • the reaction can also be carried out in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide, for example potassium hydroxide, in a two-phase system in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst, for example a tetra-lower-alkylammonium halide such as tetrabutylammonium bromide.
  • the amino group in the resulting compounds of formula XVIII can subsequently be liberated by removing the protective group in a known manner.
  • Protective groups which are known for protecting amino groups and can easily be removed, for example the protective groups known from peptide chemistry, can be used to protect the amino group. Examples of suitable protective groups are disclosed in E. McComie "Protective groups in organic chemistry” Plenum Press 1971. Examples of suitable protective groups include the phthalimide group, the tert-butoxycarbonyl group, or the benzyloxycarbonyl group. It is necessary in each case to choose, depending on the meaning of R 5a , protective groups which can subsequently be eliminated under conditions under which the R 5a group is not attacked.
  • An example of a suitable protective group which can be eliminated in basic medium is the phthalimide group which can be eliminated by treatment with ethanolamine or with hydrazine at elevated temperatures, for example temperatures between 70° and 90° C.
  • the phthalimide group is suitable, for example, as protective group for compounds in which A is sulfur.
  • An example of a suitable protective group which can be eliminated by acid is the tert-butoxycarbonyl group which can be removed by treatment with acid, for example by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid or with hydrogen chloride gas in ethyl acetate.
  • the tert-butoxycarbonyl group is suitable, for example, as protective group for compounds in which A is oxygen.
  • An example of a suitable protective group which can be eliminated by hydrogenolysis is the benzyloxycarbonyl group which can be eliminated by hydrogenation with hydrogen in the presence of a palladium/charcoal catalyst.
  • the compounds of formula III contain an asymmetric center at the carbon atom carrying the amino group.
  • optically pure compounds of formula III are obtained. This particularly applies to those compounds in which A is oxygen or sulfur.
  • racemic compounds of formula III are also obtained. This is generally the case with compounds in which A is a methylene group.
  • Racemic mixtures of compounds of formula III can be fractionated into their optical isomers in a known manner, for example by chromatographic separation on chiral separating materials or by reaction with suitable optically active acids, for example tartaric acid, and subsequent fractionation of the optical antipodes by fractional crystallization of the resulting salts.
  • the compounds of formula XVI can be obtained in a known manner.
  • compounds of the general formula XVIa ##STR18## in which R 2 , R 3 and the R 10 R 11 N group have the above meanings can be obtained by replacing the halogen Y in compounds of the general formula XIX ##STR19## in which R 2 , R 3 and Y have the above meanings by the R 10 R 11 N group in a known manner.
  • a compound of formula XIX can be reacted with an alkali metal salt of an amide R 10 R 11 NH, preferably potassium phthalimide.
  • the reaction can be carried out in an aprotic organic solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions, preferably dimethylformamide, at temperatures between 40° and 80° C.
  • Oximes of formula XX can be obtained starting from cyclic ketones of the general formula XXI ##STR21## in which R 2 and R 3 have the above meanings, by initially treating the ketones of formula XXI with halogen to introduce the radical Y, and subsequently reacting the resulting halogenated ketones with hydroxylamine.
  • the ⁇ -halogenation of the ketone and the subsequent oxime formation can advantageously be carried out in a one-pot process, in which case the ketone of formula XXI is initially treated with the halogen in an inert organic solvent, for example a lower alcohol such as methanol, and subsequently hydroxylamine is added to the reaction mixture.
  • the hydroxylamine is advantageously used in the form of a hydroxylamine salt, for example the hydrochloride, and some water is added to the reaction mixture.
  • the process can be carried out at temperatures between 0° and 40° C., preferably at room temperature.
  • the cyclization can, for example, be carried out in the presence of a coupling reagent which activates the acid group and is known from peptide chemistry for amide formation, for example a carbodiimide, in a polar organic solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions, for example dimethylformamide.
  • a coupling reagent which activates the acid group and is known from peptide chemistry for amide formation, for example a carbodiimide
  • a polar organic solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions, for example dimethylformamide.
  • the reaction can be carried out, for example, under the conditions described for the reaction of compounds of formula II with compounds of formula III.
  • diethylphosphoryl cyanide as agent to activate the acid group, and to carry out the reaction in the presence of an organic base, for example a tri-lower-alkylamine such as triethylamine.
  • the reaction of the fluoronitrobenzenes with the strongly nucleophilic cysteine derivative can be carried out in a lower alcohol or an alcohol/water mixture in the presence of a weak base such as sodium bicarbonate.
  • a weak base such as sodium bicarbonate.
  • the compounds of formula I and their pharmacologically acceptable salts are distinguished by interesting pharmacological properties.
  • the substances exert an inhibitory effect on neutral endopeptidase (NEP).
  • NEP is an enzyme which brings about the degradation of endogenous natriuretic peptides, for example atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Due to their inhibitory effect on NEP activity, the substances are able to improve the biological activity and lifetime of the natriuretic peptides which can be attacked by NEP, especially ANP, and are therefore suitable for the treatment of pathological states which are favorably influenced by the action of such hormones, especially heart failure.
  • ANP acts to reduce the elevated cardiac filling pressure. This takes place by diuresis/natriuresis (reduction in the circulating blood volume) and by reducing the peripheral resistance (decrease in preload and afterload).
  • the heart-relieving action of ANP is regarded as an endogenous cardioprotective mechanism. The action of ANP is, however, of only short duration because the hormone is rapidly cleaved by NEP.
  • the compounds according to the invention are able to improve the cardioprotective mechanism of action of ANP and, in particular, display great efficacy in enhancing diuretic/natriuretic activities.
  • the compounds according to the invention are distinguished by a favorable activity profile with good tolerability and, moreover, display substantial selectivity of the NEP-inhibitory action and additionally reveal slight inhibitory effects on endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE).
  • ECE endothelin-converting enzyme
  • the additional ECE-inhibitory properties are able in this case to enhance the peripheral resistance-reducing effect of the substances according to the invention.
  • NEP- and ECE-inhibitory and diuresis/natriuresis-enhancing properties of the substances have been demonstrated in standard pharmacological in vitro and in vivo test methods.
  • test substance 24 different incubation solutions were prepared with 3 different test substance concentrations respectively combined with met-enkephalin contents of 2, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 40 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • the incubation solutions were incubated in a shaking water bath at 37° C. for 45 minutes.
  • the enzyme reaction was started after 15 minutes by adding the substrate (metenkephalin) and was stopped at the end of the incubation time by heating at 95° C. for 5 minutes.
  • the stopped incubation solution was then centrifuged at 12,000 ⁇ g for 3 minutes, and the concentrations of unreacted substrate and of hydrolysis products formed by the enzymatic reaction were determined in the supernatant.
  • samples of each of the respective supernatants were fractionated by HPLC (high-pressure liquid chromatography) on hydrophobized silica gel, and the products of the enzymatic reaction and unreacted substrate were determined by photometry at a wavelength of 205 nm.
  • the HPLC separation was carried out using a column (4.6 ⁇ 250 mm) which contains EncapharmTM 100 RP18 having an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m as reversed phase separation material.
  • the solvent flow rate was 1.4 ml/min, and the column was warmed to 40° C.
  • Mobile phase A was 5 mM H 3 PO 4 , pH 2.5
  • mobile phase B was acetonitrile +1% 5 mM H 3 PO 4 , pH 2.5.
  • the K i for each test substance was calculated in a known manner from the concentrations of hydrolysis products and unreacted substrate measured in the various samples.
  • the following Table B shows the K i values found for the test substances.
  • the example numbers indicated in Table B refer to the following preparation examples.
  • the inhibitory effect of the substances according to the invention on the hydrolyric degradation, occurring due to the enzymatic activity of ECE, of big endothelin 1 (bigET-1) was investigated in a standard in vitro test.
  • the IC 50 of the substances was determined as a measure of their inhibitory activity.
  • the IC 50 of a test substance with enzyme-inhibiting activity is the concentration of the test substance at which 50% of the enzymatic activity of ECE is inhibited.
  • each incubation solution contained 100 ⁇ M thiorphan, 10 ⁇ M captopril, 1 mM phenylsulfonyl fluoride, 100 ⁇ M pepstatin A (protease inhibitor), and 100 ⁇ M amastatin (protease inhibitor).
  • test substance For each test substance, six different incubation solutions were prepared in each case with three different test substance concentrations respectively as duplicate determinations. In each test, a control which contained no enzyme was also processed.
  • the incubation solutions were preincubated at 37° C. for 15 min before the substrate was added.
  • the enzyme reaction was started by adding the substrate.
  • the enzyme reaction lasted for 60 min, was carried out 37° C. and was stopped by heating the incubation solution at 95° C. for 5 min.
  • the hydrolysis products H2N-Asp-Ile-Ala-Trp-COOH (SEQ ID NO:2) and H 2 N-Phe-Asn-Thr-Pro-Glu-His-Val-Val-Pro-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Gly-COOH (SEQ ID NO:3) formed from the substrate by the enzymatic reaction were determined with the aid of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
  • the HPLC determination was carried out as described above in the case of the in vitro investigation of the NEP-inhibitory effect.
  • the IC 50 was calculated for each test substance in a known manner from the concentrations of hydrolysis products measured in the various samples.
  • the following Table C shows the IC 50 values found for the test substances.
  • the in vivo activity was investigated in volume-loaded rats.
  • a high cardiac filling pressure was caused by infusion of isotonic sodium chloride solution, which results in ANP release and thus diuresis/natriuresis.
  • the tests are carried out with male Wistar rats having a body weight of 200-400 g.
  • a catheter was placed in the right femoral vein for the baseline infusion and the volume loading with isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • a second catheter was inserted into the bladder, and the urethra was tied off so that it was possible to measure the urine volume, natriuresis and kaliuresis.
  • test substances were then administered intravenously (bolus injection into the femoral vein) or orally (by gavage) to groups of 10 rats each. With both modes of administration, in each case one control group of animals received only placebo solutions which contained no active substance. 5 Minutes after i.v. administration or 120 minutes after oral administration of the substances, the rats were loaded with an increased volume of sodium chloride solution i.v. (2 ml/100 g body weight in 2 minutes) and the urine was collected over a period of 60 min. The amounts of urine produced in this period were determined, and the sodium and potassium contents therein were measured. The increase in excretion which took place under volume loading by comparison with the preliminary values was deduced from the resulting amounts of urine.
  • Table D shows the increases in the excretion of urine occurring under volume loading after administration of test substance as a percentage based on the increases in the excretion of urine occurring under volume loading after placebo administration. Furthermore, the amounts of sodium and potassium excreted under volume loading after administration of test substance are also indicated as a percentage of the amounts of sodium and potassium excreted under volume loading after placebo administration.
  • the compounds of formula I are suitable as medicaments for larger mammals, especially humans, for treating heart failure and for promoting diuresis/natriuresis, especially in patients suffering from heart failure.
  • dicarboxylic acids of formula I and their salts are advantageously used in medicinal forms which can be administered parenterally, especially i.v.
  • mono- or diesters of formula I are advantageously used in medicinal forms which can be administered orally.
  • the doses to be used may vary individually and, of course, vary with the nature of the condition to be treated, the substance used and the mode of administration.
  • parenteral formulations generally contain less active substance than oral products.
  • medicinal forms with an active substance content of from 1 to 200 mg per individual dose are generally suitable for administrations to larger mammals, especially humans.
  • the compounds of formula I can be admixed with customary pharmaceutical ancillary substances in pharmaceutical compositions such as, for example, tablets, capsules, suppositories or solutions.
  • pharmaceutical compositions such as, for example, tablets, capsules, suppositories or solutions.
  • These pharmaceutical compositions can be produced by known methods using conventional solid or liquid vehicles such as, for example, lactose, starch or talc or liquid paraffins and/or using customary pharmaceutical ancillary substances, for example tablet disintegrants, solubilizers or preservatives.
  • novel compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic investigations, in particular by analysis of the NMR, mass, IR and/or UV spectra and, where appropriate, determining the optical rotations.
  • aqueous solution was then decanted off from the precipitate which had formed and the remaining solid residue was crystallized from methyl tert-butyl ether.
  • the crystals which formed were filtered out with suction, washed with water and methyl tert-butyl ether and dried under reduced pressure at 60° C. 26.3 g of tert-butyl 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-phthalimido-1H-1-benzazepine-1-acetate with a melting point of 194°-197° C. were obtained.
  • reaction mixture was poured into water, and the organic phase was separated, washed with aqueous potassium bisulfate solution and subsequently with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the resulting crude product was purified by flash chromatography on 700 g of silica gel using an n-hexane/ethyl acetate (9:1). 47.0 g of tert-butyl ⁇ -(phenethyl)acrylate were obtained as a colorless oil.
  • the reaction mixture was washed successively with water, aqueous potassium bisulfate solution, water, aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and water again.
  • the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the remaining crude product was purified by flash chromatography on 200 g of silica gel using n-hexane/ethyl acetate (7:3) as eluent and was crystallized from methyl tert-butyl ether. 4.2 g of the pure title compound were obtained with a melting point of 110° to 114° C.
  • the mixture was subsequently cooled to -10° C. and slowly added dropwise to a solution, cooled to -10° C., of 35 g of tert-butyl 3-bromopropionate in 100 ml of tetrahydrofuran.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for several hours. For working up, it was acidified with dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and diluted with 375 ml of diethyl ether. The organic phase was separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted three more times with 100 ml of diethyl ether each time. The combined organic extracts were washed with aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure.
  • reaction mixture was subsequently subjected to dropwise additions successively of a solution of 24.2 g of the product prepared above under B) in 100 ml of absolute tetrahydrofuran and then a solution of 14.2 ml of methoxyethoxymethyl chloride in 20 ml of absolute tetrahydrofuran.
  • the reaction mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 16 hours.
  • the reaction mixture was poured into an ice/water mixture, acidified with aqueous potassium bisulfate solution and extracted three times with 300 ml of ethyl acetate each time. The organic phases were combined, washed with aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the reaction mixture was mixed with 1 molar potassium bisulfate solution, and the organic phase was separated and washed with 1 molar potassium bicarbonate solution and saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure.
  • the resulting crude product was purified by flash column chromatography using n-hexane/ethyl acetate (4:1) as eluent. 1.9 g of the title compound were obtained as an oil.
  • Example 5 A 5.5 g of the product obtained above were reacted with 3.8 ml of tert-butyl dimethylphosphonoacetate by the method described in Example 5 A). The reaction mixture was worked up as described in Example 5 A). 6.1 g of tert-butyl 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylphosphono)valerate were obtained as a colorless oil.
  • the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure, and the remaining residue was dissolved in dichloromethane.
  • the solution was shaken first with dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and then with water.
  • the organic phase was separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted twice more with dichloromethane.
  • the combined organic phases were subsequently dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. 3 g of the title compound were obtained as an oily residue.
  • reaction mixture was poured into water, and the organic phase was separated, washed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and subsequently with water, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the crude product which remained as a residue was purified by flash chromatography on 150 g of silica gel, using as eluent an n-hexane/ethyl acetate mixture with a composition initially of 7:3 and then of 1:1.
  • Tablets were produced with the following composition per tablet:
  • the active substance, the corn starch and the lactose were converted into a paste with the 10% strength gelatin solution.
  • the paste was comminuted, and the resulting granules were placed on a suitable plate and dried at 45° C.
  • the dried granules were passed through a comminuting machine and mixed with the following further ancillary substances in a mixer:
  • the solids were dissolved in water, and the solution was sterilized and dispensed in portions of 5 ml each into ampoules.

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