US20140069620A1 - Heat exchanger obtained from aluminum or aluminum alloy - Google Patents

Heat exchanger obtained from aluminum or aluminum alloy Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20140069620A1
US20140069620A1 US14/116,436 US201214116436A US2014069620A1 US 20140069620 A1 US20140069620 A1 US 20140069620A1 US 201214116436 A US201214116436 A US 201214116436A US 2014069620 A1 US2014069620 A1 US 2014069620A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
film
resin
group
fin
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/116,436
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Reiko Takaswa
Kazuhiko Yamazaki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd filed Critical Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd
Assigned to NIPPON LIGHT METAL COMPANY, LTD. reassignment NIPPON LIGHT METAL COMPANY, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TAKASAWA, REIKO, YAMAZAKI, KAZUHIKO
Publication of US20140069620A1 publication Critical patent/US20140069620A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L39/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L39/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylamine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C09D133/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
    • C09D133/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters containing halogen atoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • F28F19/04—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of rubber; of plastics material; of varnish
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/05316—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05333—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/126—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2245/00—Coatings; Surface treatments
    • F28F2245/02—Coatings; Surface treatments hydrophilic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2245/00—Coatings; Surface treatments
    • F28F2245/04—Coatings; Surface treatments hydrophobic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger formed by using a heat exchange fin that is formed of an aluminum plate material formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and has an excellent frost formation-suppressing effect and an excellent condensed water-removing effect imparted to a surface thereof.
  • a heat exchanger using a heat exchange fin formed of an aluminum plate material has been used in, for example, air conditioners, refrigerating equipment, and automobile equipment.
  • frost adheres onto the surface of a fin in some cases.
  • a gap between fins is clogged to increase a ventilation resistance.
  • the quantity of air to flow into the heat exchanger reduces and hence the evaporating ability of the heat exchanger of the outdoor unit reduces. Accordingly, when the frost adheres onto the heat exchanger, the following problem arises.
  • the heater operation needs to be stopped and a defrosting operation needs to be performed for removing the frost, and hence comfortability remarkably reduces.
  • a method involving forming a hydrophobic film on the surface of the fin is available as a technology for the suppression of such frost formation.
  • the time period during which the clogging occurs owing to the frost formation can be postponed by the method.
  • the method involves the following problem. Condensed water adheres to the gap between the fins, the adhering condensed water forms a bridge between the fins to increase the ventilation resistance, and as a result, heat exchange performance reduces.
  • the following has been demanded for improving the thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger at the time of the heater operation.
  • the condensed water on the fin surface is removed before the frost formation and the fin surface is turned into a surface on which the frost formation hardly occurs.
  • the following methods each have been proposed as means for solving the problem: a hydrophilic treatment method involving forming a hydrophilic film on the fin surface to cause the condensed water to flow down as a thin water film (Patent Literatures 1 to 3); a hydrophobic treatment method involving forming a hydrophobic film on the fin surface to remove the condensed water at an early stage (Patent Literatures 4 to 6); a hydrophobic/hydrophilic treatment method involving forming a hydrophobic film and a hydrophilic film depending on the placement and site of the fin to compensate for the disadvantages of the hydrophobic film and hydrophilic film with their advantages (Patent Literatures 7 to 9); and the like.
  • water-repelling performance and hydrophilic performance in particular, the water-repelling performance in the hydrophobic film and hydrophilic film to be formed depending on the placement and site of the fin, in particular, the hydrophobic film are not necessarily sufficient. Accordingly, it is still unable to achieve a satisfactory frost formation-suppressing effect. In addition, it is still unable to sufficiently solve the problem of the increase of the ventilation resistance between the fins due to the condensed water.
  • the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies to develop a heat exchanger constructed of a heat exchange fin made of an aluminum plate material that achieves compatibility between an excellent frost formation-suppressing effect exhibited by a hydrophobic film and an excellent condensed water-removing effect exhibited by a hydrophilic film to prevent frost formation, for example, at the time of heater operation, and does not cause a problem of an increase in ventilation resistance between fins due to condensed water.
  • the inventors have found that the object can be achieved by introducing a specific crosslinked structure into the hydrophobic film, and causing the crosslinked hydrophobic film and the hydrophilic film to coexist in the same surface of the heat exchange fin, and have completed the present invention.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger including a heat exchange fin made of an aluminum plate material in which a crosslinked hydrophobic film and a hydrophilic film are formed on the same surface of the heat exchange fin, and compatibility between an excellent frost formation-suppressing effect exhibited by the crosslinked hydrophobic film and an excellent condensed water-removing effect exhibited by the hydrophilic film is achieved, and hence frost formation at the time of heater operation can be prevented to the extent possible, and under such a condition that condensation is liable to occur on a fin surface, a water droplet of condensed water can be quickly removed by bringing the water droplet into contact with the hydrophilic film, and as a result, a favorable heat exchange function can be continuously obtained without any increase in ventilation resistance.
  • the present invention is a heat exchanger, including a heat exchange fin having a fin substrate formed of an aluminum plate material formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and a crosslinked hydrophobic film having a frost formation-suppressing effect (or an anti-frost effect) and a hydrophilic film formed on a surface of the fin substrate, in which: an area occupied by the crosslinked hydrophobic film in a square area measuring 10 mm by 10 mm at an arbitrary position on a surface of the heat exchange fin is 10 to 90%; and the crosslinked hydrophobic film is formed of an aqueous hydrophobic coating composition containing a resin (A) having at least one kind of fluorine atom-containing group selected from the group consisting of a perfluoroalkyl group and a perfluoroalkenyl group, a quaternary ammonium salt group-containing modified epoxy resin (B), and an amino resin (C) in which a solid content of the resin (A) having at least one kind of fluorine atom
  • the present invention is also a method of producing a heat exchanger including a heat exchange fin in which a crosslinked hydrophobic film having a frost formation-suppressing effect (or an anti-frost effect) is formed on an entirety or part of a surface of a fin substrate formed of an aluminum plate material formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, the method including: applying, to the entirety or part of the surface of the fin substrate, an aqueous hydrophobic coating composition containing a resin (A) having at least one kind of fluorine atom-containing group selected from the group consisting of a perfluoroalkyl group and a perfluoroalkenyl group, a quaternary ammonium salt group-containing modified epoxy resin (B), and an amino resin (C) in which a solid content of the resin (A) having at least one kind of fluorine atom-containing group selected from the group consisting of a perfluoroalkyl group and a perfluoroalkenyl group is 1 to 30 parts by mass with respect
  • the aluminum plate material forming the fin substrate may be formed of pure aluminum or may be formed of an aluminum alloy, and is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of corrosion resistance, an anticorrosive film may be formed on each of both surfaces of the fin substrate.
  • the anticorrosive film to be formed on each of both surfaces of the fin substrate for the purpose is formed by applying an anticorrosive treatment agent to each of both surfaces of the fin substrate, or by performing an emmersion treatment.
  • the anticorrosive treatment agent to be used here can include a chromate, chromate-phosphate, a chromium-free chemical conversion treatment liquid, and an organic anticorrosive primer.
  • a chromium-free chemical conversion treatment liquid, an organic anticorrosive primer, or the like is preferred from the viewpoint of an environmentally friendly anticorrosive film.
  • the hydrophilic film is preferably formed on the entirety or part of the surface of the fin substrate, and the crosslinked hydrophobic film is preferably formed on the entirety or part of the surface of the hydrophilic film.
  • the crosslinked hydrophobic film is preferably formed on part of its surface in a nonuniform and spotted manner, or the crosslinked hydrophobic film and the hydrophilic film desirably cooperate with each other to form a sea-island structure in which the cross-linked hydrophobic film forms a sea portion and the hydrophilic film forms an island portion.
  • a method of forming the crosslinked hydrophobic film having a frost formation-suppressing effect on the entirety or part of the surface of the fin substrate, preferably the entirety or part of the surface of the hydrophilic film formed on the surface of the fin substrate is not particularly limited.
  • a method of forming the crosslinked hydrophobic film on the same surface as a spot pattern there are given a method involving adding a silicone-based hydrophobic agent to a hydrophobic coating material and splashing part of the mixture at the time of the formation of the cross-linked hydrophobic film to provide a spot pattern, a method involving painting the surface with the hydrophobic coating material in a thin-film manner through the use of a spray upon its application to form a painted portion and an unpainted portion, a method involving forming irregular portions on the surface of the fin substrate (roughened surface) or the surface of the hydrophilic film (coating film surface) on which the crosslinked hydrophobic film is to be formed, forming the crosslinked hydrophobic film in a recessed portion of the irregular portions, and controlling the thickness of the crosslinked hydrophobic film to cause the head of a protruded portion of the irregular portions to appear from the crosslinked hydrophobic film, and a method involving painting the surface of the fin substrate (roughened surface) or the
  • the crosslinked hydrophobic film having a frost formation-suppressing effect after the crosslinked hydrophobic film having a frost formation-suppressing effect has been formed on the entirety or part of the surface of the fin substrate, the crosslinked hydrophobic film is subjected to a post-treatment with water, an acid solution, or an alkaline solution, and hence hydrophilicity can be expressed, the frost formation at the time of the heater operation can be prevented to the extent possible by an excellent frost formation-suppressing effect and frost formation suppression-maintaining effect, and under such a condition that condensation is liable to occur on the fin surface, a water droplet of condensed water easily flows and the water droplet can be quickly removed.
  • the heat exchange fin after the formation of the crosslinked hydrophobic film is subjected to water washing with, for example, tap water, industrial water, or ion-exchanged water through immersion or spraying under the conditions of preferably normal temperature to 100° C. and 5 sec to 3 hr, more preferably 40 to 100° C. and 10 sec to 1 hr.
  • the post-treatment with the acid solution for the expression of the hydrophilicity is not particularly limited, the heat exchange fin after the formation of the crosslinked hydrophobic film is subjected to washing through immersion or spraying under the conditions of preferably normal temperature to 100° C. and 5 sec to 3 hr, more preferably 40 to 100° C.
  • the acid solution is not particularly limited, an aqueous solution of an inorganic acid such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, or boric acid, or an organic acid such as acetic acid, citric acid, or oxalic acid is used.
  • the post-treatment with the alkaline solution for the expression of the hydrophilicity is not particularly limited, the heat exchange fin after the formation of the crosslinked hydrophobic film is subjected to washing through immersion or spraying under the conditions of preferably normal temperature to 100° C. and 5 sec to 3 hr, more preferably 40° C. to 100° C. and 10 sec to 1 hr.
  • the alkaline solution is not particularly limited, an aqueous solution of, for example, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate, or sodium silicate is permitted. It should be noted that after the washing with the acid solution or the alkaline solution, water washing may be performed after neutralization with the alkaline solution or the acid solution.
  • the water contact angle of the crosslinked hydrophobic film having a frost formation-suppressing effect is preferably 100° or more, more preferably 105° or more, and its thickness is typically 0.05 to 5.0 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 4.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.2 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
  • the water contact angle of the crosslinked hydrophobic film is desirably as large as possible.
  • the thickness of the crosslinked hydrophobic film is less than 0.05 ⁇ m, for example, the following problem arises. Variations in frost formation suppression and hydrophilicity between lots enlarge, and the deterioration of the frost formation suppression and hydrophilicity-maintaining property over time enlarges. In contrast, when the thickness exceeds 5.0 ⁇ m, neither additional frost formation suppression nor an additional improvement in hydrophilicity can be expected. In addition, for example, the following problem arises. The burn of the film due to heat upon brazing of a copper tube for a refrigerant to the fin material becomes rather conspicuous and a cost increases with increasing thickness.
  • the crosslinked hydrophobic film that exhibits a frost formation-suppressing effect is formed by applying the aqueous hydrophobic coating composition, and as the aqueous hydrophobic coating composition to be used for the purpose, there can be given an aqueous hydrophobic coating composition containing the resin (A) having at least one kind of fluorine atom-containing group selected from the group consisting of a perfluoroalkyl group and a perfluoroalkenyl group, the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing modified epoxy resin (B), and the amino resin (C) from the viewpoint of long-term maintenance of frost formation suppression.
  • the resin (A) having at least one kind of fluorine atom-containing group selected from the group consisting of a perfluoroalkyl group and a perfluoroalkenyl group, the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing modified epoxy resin (B), and the amino resin (C) from the viewpoint of long-term maintenance of frost formation suppression.
  • the resin (A) having at least one kind of fluorine atom-containing group selected from the group consisting of a perfluoroalkyl group and a perfluoroalkenyl group is sometimes referred to as “resin (A) having a fluorine atom-containing group.”
  • a known resin can be used as the resin (A) having a fluorine atom-containing group as long as the resin has a perfluoroalkyl group and/or a perfluoroalkenyl group, and a resin dispersed or dissolved in water or a medium using water as a main component (hereinafter referred to as “aqueous medium”) can be used.
  • Such resin (A) having a fluorine atom-containing group is preferably, for example, a resin obtained by subjecting a polymerizable unsaturated monomer (a-1) having at least one kind of fluorine atom-containing group selected from the group consisting of a perfluoroalkyl group and a perfluoroalkenyl group (hereinafter sometimes described as the “polymerizable unsaturated monomer (a-1) having a fluorine atom-containing group”) of a structure represented by the following general formula (I) and any other polymerizable unsaturated monomer (a-2) to a copolymerization reaction.
  • a polymerizable unsaturated monomer (a-1) having at least one kind of fluorine atom-containing group selected from the group consisting of a perfluoroalkyl group and a perfluoroalkenyl group hereinafter sometimes described as the “polymerizable unsaturated monomer (a-1) having a fluorine atom-containing
  • a method of performing the polymerization reaction can be selected from known polymerization methods, and examples thereof can include bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization, and dispersion polymerization. Of those, emulsion polymerization is preferred from the viewpoint of, for example, the efficiency with which the resin dispersed or dissolved in the aqueous medium is produced.
  • Rf represents a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group or perfluoroalkenyl group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms.
  • R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a methyl group.
  • X represents an oxygen atom or an imino group.
  • Y represents a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, or a phosphorus atom.
  • the fluorine atom-containing group is preferably a perfluoroalkyl group, and examples of the perfluoroalkyl group include —CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —CF(CF 3 ) 2 , —CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , —C(CF 3 ) 3 , —(CF 2 ) 4 CF 3 , —(CF 2 ) 2 CF (CF 3 ) 2 , —CF 2 C(CF 3 ) 3 , —CF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —(CF 2 ) 5 CF 3 , —(CF 2 ) 3 CF (CF 3 ) 2 , —(CF 2 ) 4 CF (CF 3 ) 2 , —(CF 2 ) 7 CF 3 , —(CF 2 ) 5 CF(CF 3 ) 2
  • the emulsion polymerization of the polymerizable unsaturated monomer (a-1) having a fluorine atom-containing group can be performed by a known method involving subjecting a mixture of the monomer (a-1) and the other polymerizable unsaturated monomer (a-2) to emulsion polymerization with an emulsifier and a polymerization initiator in the aqueous medium. It should be noted that in the emulsion polymerization, a hydrophilic or hydrophobic organic solvent may be used as required.
  • a conventionally known emulsifier can be used as the emulsifier, and examples thereof include an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, and a combination thereof.
  • a compound having a fluorine atom of, for example, a fluorinated alkyl group bonded thereto may be used as the surfactant as required.
  • a conventionally known polymerization initiator can be used as the polymerization initiator, and examples thereof include: persulfates such as ammoniumpersulfate (APS), potassiumpersulfate, and sodium persulfate; and oil-soluble polymerization initiators such as diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate (IPP), benzoyl peroxide, dibutyl peroxide, and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN).
  • persulfates such as ammoniumpersulfate (APS), potassiumpersulfate, and sodium persulfate
  • oil-soluble polymerization initiators such as diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate (IPP), benzoyl peroxide, dibutyl peroxide, and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN).
  • a chain transfer agent may be used in the emulsion polymerization reaction, and examples of the chain transfer agent include: malonic acid diesters such as diethyl malonate (MDE) and dimethyl malonate; acetic acid esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; mercaptans such as n-lauryl mercaptan and n-octyl mercaptan; and an ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer.
  • MDE diethyl malonate
  • acetic acid esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate
  • alcohols such as methanol and ethanol
  • mercaptans such as n-lauryl mercaptan and n-octyl mercaptan
  • an ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer examples of the chain transfer agent
  • An aqueous dispersion of the resin (A) having a fluorine atom-containing group can be produced by performing the polymerization reaction at a polymerization temperature of 20 to 150° C. for a polymerization time of 0.1 to 100 hr.
  • the resin (A) having a fluorine atom-containing group is obtained as particles having an average particle diameter of 10 to 500 nm, preferably 30 to 200 nm. Its solid content concentration is desirably about 5 to 50 mass %.
  • Each of the particles of the resin (A) having a fluorine atom-containing group may be of a monolayer structure or may be of a multilayer structure including a core-shell structure.
  • the inside of each of the particles may be crosslinked and those particles can be obtained by a known method in emulsion polymerization.
  • a monomer having copolymerization reactivity to the polymerizable unsaturated monomer (a-1) having a fluorine atom-containing group can be used as the other polymerizable unsaturated monomer (a-2) without any particular limitation.
  • Examples thereof can include: acrylic acid; methacrylic acid; itaconic acid; itaconic anhydride; maleic anhydride; butadiene; isoprene; chloroprene; a (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester in which the alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms; a (meth)acrylic acid cyclohexyl ester; isobornyl (meth)acrylate; a (meth)acrylic acid benzyl ester; polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate; aromatic vinyl-based monomers such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and p-methylstyrene; hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates such as 2-
  • (meth)acrylic acid is a collective term for acrylic acid and methacrylic acid
  • (meth)acrylate is a collective term for acrylate and methacrylate
  • (meth)acrylamide is a collective term for acrylamide and methacrylamide.
  • a commercial product of the resin (A) having a fluorine atom-containing group dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous medium is, for example, UNIDYNE TG-652, UNIDYNE TG-664, UNIDYNE TG-410, UNIDYNE TG-5521 UNIDYNE TG-5601, UNIDYNE TG-8711, UNIDYNE TG-470B, UNIDYNE TG-500S, UNIDYNE TG-580, UNIDYNE TG-581, or UNIDYNE TG-658 (all of which are manufactured by DAIKIN, trade name), SWK-601 (manufactured by SEIMI CHEMICAL), FS6810 (manufactured by Fluoro Technology), or NK GUARD SR-108 (manufactured by NICCA CHEMICAL CO., LTD).
  • the production of the resin (A) having a fluorine atom-containing group can be similarly performed by a polymerization reaction between the polymerizable unsaturated monomers involving using a perfluoroalkyl group-containing radical generator as a polymerization initiator, and examples of the polymerization initiator can include fluorine-containing organic peroxides described in JP 2010-195937 A.
  • the aqueous hydrophobic coating material contains the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing modified epoxy resin (B) to be described below from the viewpoints of the processability, adhesiveness, moisture resistance, and corrosion resistance of a coating film to be obtained.
  • the modified epoxy resin (B) can be produced by subjecting a mixture containing an epoxy resin (b-1), a carboxyl group-containing acrylic resin (b-2), and an amine compound (b-3) to a reaction.
  • a reaction for producing a quaternary ammonium salt group, and an esterification reaction between an epoxy group in the epoxy resin and a carboxyl group in the carboxyl group-containing acrylic resin progress to produce the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing modified epoxy resin (B).
  • the epoxy group of the epoxy resin (b-1) opens to produce a hydroxyl group.
  • the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing modified epoxy resin (B) has a hydroxyl group, which is reactive with the amino resin (C) to be described later.
  • a bisphenol-type epoxy resin is preferred as the epoxy resin (b-1) from the viewpoints of adhesiveness and corrosion resistance.
  • the bisphenol-type epoxy resin is a resin obtained by a reaction between a bisphenol compound and an epihalohydrin such as epichlorhydrin.
  • the bisphenol compound can include bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2-propane (bisphenol A), 4,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane (bisphenol F), and 4,4-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone (bisphenol S).
  • bisphenol-type epoxy resins (b-1) a bisphenol A-type epoxy resin is preferably used from the viewpoint of corrosion resistance.
  • the bisphenol-type epoxy resin (b-1) having a number-average molecular weight in the range of 4,000 to 30,000, preferably 5,000 to 30,000, and having an epoxy equivalent of 2,000 to 10,000, preferably 2,500 to 10,000.
  • the bisphenol A-type epoxy resin may be a bisphenol A-type modified epoxy resin obtained by modifying a bisphenol A-type epoxy resin with a dibasic acid.
  • a resin having a number-average molecular weight in the range of 2,000 to 8,000 and an epoxy equivalent in the range of 1,000 to 4,000 can be suitably used as the bisphenol A-type epoxy resin to be caused to react with the dibasic acid.
  • the bisphenolA-type modified epoxy resin can be obtained by subjecting a mixture of the bisphenol A-type epoxy resin and the dibasic acid to a reaction in the presence of an esterification catalyst such as tri-n-butylamine and an organic solvent at a reaction temperature of 120 to 180° C. for a reaction time of about 1 to 4 hr.
  • an esterification catalyst such as tri-n-butylamine and an organic solvent
  • the carboxyl group-containing acrylic resin (b-2) to be used in the production of the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing modified epoxy resin (B) can be produced by subjecting a mixture containing a carboxyl group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer and any other polymerizable unsaturated monomer to a copolymerization reaction with, for example, a radical polymerization initiator through heating in an organic solvent at 80 to 150° C. for 1 to 10 hr.
  • the other polymerizable unsaturated monomer that can be used in the production of the carboxyl group-containing acrylic resin (b-2) there can be given the other polymerizable unsaturated monomer (a-2) described for the resin (A) having a fluorine atom-containing group.
  • an organic peroxide-based or azo-based polymerization initiator for example, an organic peroxide-based or azo-based polymerization initiator is used.
  • the organic peroxide-based polymerization initiator include benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, di-t-butyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, and t-amyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate
  • examples of the azo-based polymerization initiator include azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisdimethylvaleronitrile.
  • a chain transfer agent may be used, and examples thereof include known agents such as an ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer and a mercaptan compound.
  • the carboxyl group-containing acrylic resin (b-2) has a weight-average molecular weight in the range of preferably 5,000 to 100,000, more preferably 10,000 to 100,000 and a resin acid value in the range of preferably 150 to 700 mgKOH/g, more preferably 200 to 500 mgKOH/g from the viewpoints of its stability in an aqueous medium, and the processability and adhesiveness of the coating film to be obtained.
  • the amine compound (b-3) is preferably a tertiary amine compound such as triethylamine, dimethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, monomethyldiethanolamine, or N-methylmorpholine.
  • the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing modified epoxy resin (B) can be produced by subjecting the mixture containing the epoxy resin (b-1), the carboxyl group-containing acrylic resin (b-2), and the amine compound (b-3) to a reaction through heating in an organic solvent at 80 to 120° C. for 0.5 to 8 hr.
  • a blending ratio between the epoxy resin (b-1) and the carboxyl group-containing acrylic resin (b-2) in the reaction falls within the range of preferably 10/90 to 95/5, more preferably 60/40 to 90/10 in terms of a solid content mass ratio “resin (b-1)/resin (b-2).”
  • the usage of the amine compound (b-3) suitably falls within the range of 1 to 10 mass % with reference to the total solid content of the epoxy resin (b-1) and the carboxyl group-containing acrylic resin (b-2) from the viewpoints of the moisture resistance and corrosion resistance of the resultant film.
  • the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing modified epoxy resin (B) obtained by the reaction has an acid value in the range of preferably 20 to 120 mgKOH/g, more preferably 30 to 100 mgKOH/g and a weight-average molecular weight in the range of preferably 1,000 to 40,000, more preferably 2,000 to 15,000 from the viewpoints of its stability in an aqueous medium, and the processability, adhesiveness, moisture resistance, and corrosion resistance of the coating film to be obtained.
  • the weight-average molecular weight in the description is a value obtained by converting a retention time (retention volume) measured with tetrahydrofuran as a solvent by gel permeation chromatography with reference to the weight-average molecular weight of a polystyrene.
  • the number-average molecular weight is a value determined from the weight-average molecular weight by calculation.
  • HLC8120GPC manufactured by Tosoh Corporation was used as a gel permeation chromatograph.
  • Four columns, i.e., “TSKgel G-4000HXL,” “TSKgel G-3000HXL,” “TSKgel G-2500HXL,” and “TSKgel G-2000HXL” (all of which were manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, trade name) were used, and the measurement was performed under the following conditions: mobile phase; tetrahydrofuran, measurement temperature; 40° C., flow rate; 1 ml/min, and detector; RI.
  • the quanternary ammonium salt group-containing modified epoxy resin (B) is neutralized and dispersed in an aqueous medium, and a basic compound such as an amine or ammonia is suitably used as a neutralizer to be used in the neutralization.
  • Typical examples of the amine include triethylamine, triethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, and morpholine. Of those, triethylamine and dimethylethanolamine are particularly suitable.
  • the neutralization be performed in the range of 0.2 to 2.0 equivalents with respect to carboxyl groups in the resin.
  • the amount of a quaternary ammonium salt group formed at the time of the esterification reaction and by the neutralization preferably falls within the range of 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol/g or less, preferably within the range of 0.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol/g, more preferably within the range of 0.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol/g from the viewpoints of the adhesiveness, the moisture resistance, and the corrosion resistance.
  • the measurement of the quaternary ammonium salt group amount is performed as described below.
  • a titration reaction is performed by dropping, to a sample solution obtained by dissolving a sample after the initiation of the reaction in a solvent, an indicator solution obtained by dissolving an indicator having a sulfonic group and a hydroxyl group as functional groups in a solvent.
  • a titer t 1 in the first stage is determined from a titer at the point of intersection between a straight line connecting the plots in the first stage and a straight line connecting the plots in the second stage, and then the amount (mol/g) of the quaternary ammonium salt in 1 g of the sample in terms of a solid content is determined from the following equation (1).
  • Quaternary ammonium salt amount (mol/g) t 1 (ml) ⁇ 2 ⁇ indicator concentration (mol/l) ⁇ (1/1,000) ⁇ 100/(sample (g) ⁇ solid content (%)) ⁇ Equation (1)
  • an aqueous medium in which the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing modified epoxy resin (B) is dispersed may be water alone or may be a mixture of water and an organic solvent. Any one of the conventionally known solvents can be used as the organic solvent as long as the stability of the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing modified epoxy resin (B) in the aqueous medium is not impaired.
  • Examples of the amino resin (C) in the aqueous hydrophobic coating material include a melamine resin, a urea resin, and a benzoguanamine resin. Of those, a melamine resin is preferred from the viewpoints of the processability and the adhesiveness.
  • the melamine resin examples include a partially etherified or fully etherified melamine resin obtained by etherifying part or all of the methylol groups of methylolated melamine with a monohydric alcohol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, i-propyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, i-butyl alcohol, 2-ethylbutanol, or 2-ethylhexanol.
  • a monohydric alcohol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, i-propyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, i-butyl alcohol, 2-ethylbutanol, or 2-ethylhexanol.
  • methylol groups there can be used one in which the methylol groups are fully etherified or one in which the methylol groups are partially etherified and methylol groups and imino groups remain.
  • alkyl-etherified melamines such as methyl-etherified melamine, ethyl-etherified melamine, and butyl-etherified melamine.
  • malamines may be used alone, or two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination as required.
  • a methyl-etherified melamine resin in which at least part of the methylol groups are methyl-etherified is suitable.
  • a blending ratio between the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing modified epoxy resin (B) and the amino resin (C) falls within the range of preferably 95/5 to 50/50, particularly preferably 93/7 to 60/40 in terms of a solid content mass ratio “quaternary ammonium salt group-containing modified epoxy resin (B)/amino resin (C).”
  • the amount of the amino resin (C) is excessively small, sufficient curability is not obtained.
  • the amount is excessively large, the processability of an aluminum fin material may reduce.
  • the content of the resin (A) having a fluorine atom-containing group in the aqueous hydrophobic coating composition is 1 to 30 parts by mass, preferably 3 to 25 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 22 parts by mass in terms of a solid content with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total of the solid contents of the quaternary ammonium salt group-containing modified epoxy resin (B) and the amino resin (C) from the viewpoints of frost formation suppression, the corrosion resistance, and coating stability.
  • additives such as a basic compound, a crosslinking agent other than the amino resin (C) (such as a blocked polyisocyanate), colloidal silica, an antibacterial agent, a coloring pigment, a rust preventive pigment known per se (such as a chromate-based, lead-based, or molybdic acid-based pigment), and a rust preventive agent (such as: a phenolic carboxylic acid, e.g., tannic acid or gallic acid and a salt thereof; an organic phosphoric acid, e.g., phytic acid or phosphinic acid; a metal biphosphate; or a nitrite), and an aqueous medium can be added to the aqueous hydrophobic coating composition in the present invention in addition to the resin (A) having a fluorine atom-containing group, the quanternary ammonium salt group-containing modified epoxy resin (B), and the amino resin (C) as required.
  • a basic compound such as a blocked poly
  • the aqueous medium may be water or may be a mixed solvent of water and a small amount of an organic solvent or any one of the basic compounds such as amines and ammonia.
  • the content of water in the mixed solvent is typically 80 mass % or more.
  • the hydrophilic film exhibiting a condensed water-removing effect may be formed by applying a hydrophilic coating material.
  • the hydrophilic coating material to be used for the purpose can include: inorganic coating materials such as water glass-based, silica-based, and boehmite-based coating materials; an organic hydrophilic coating material containing a water-soluble acrylic resin, a water-soluble cellulose resin, a water-soluble amino resin, a polyvinyl alcohol, or the like; and an organic-inorganic composite hydrophilic coating material containing an inorganic material and an organic resin.
  • a known coating material can be used as the organic hydrophilic coating material and examples thereof can include the following organic hydrophilic coating compositions (E):
  • an organic hydrophilic coating material containing a polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification degree of 87% or more and a neutralized resin obtained by the formation of a salt of at least part of the carboxyl groups of a high-acid value acrylic resin having a resin acid value of 300 mgKOH/g or more with a basic compound that does not have a boiling point of less than 180° C. and does not decompose at less than 180° C.;
  • the hydrophilic film exhibiting a condensed water-removing effect may be formed by applying a flux to be used in the step of brazing the fin.
  • a flux to be used in the step of brazing the fin.
  • the flux can include fluoride-based fluxes such as KAlF 4 , K 2 AlF 5 .H 2 O, a complex compound of KAlF 4 and K 3 AlF 6 , KZnF 3 , K 2 SiF 6 , Li 3 AlF 6 , and CsAlF 4 .
  • fluoride-based fluxes such as KAlF 4 , K 2 AlF 5 .H 2 O, a complex compound of KAlF 4 and K 3 AlF 6 , KZnF 3 , K 2 SiF 6 , Li 3 AlF 6 , and CsAlF 4 .
  • One kind or more of those fluxes are used as a mixture.
  • the application of the hydrophobic coating material, the hydrophilic coating material, or the flux is performed by applying means such as a roll coating method, a bar coating method, a spraying method, an immersion method, or a spin coating method, and is performed by a method involving using a precoated fin material obtained by painting an aluminum material through the use of a roll coater or the like, or a post-coating method involving applying such coating material or flux to a heat exchanger constructed of an aluminum fin material through spraying or immersion.
  • the hydrophobic coating material or the hydrophilic coating material is appropriately diluted so as to have a predetermined concentration before use.
  • the water contact angle of the hydrophilic film is preferably 40° or less, more preferably 30° or less, and its thickness is typically 0.1 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 0.2 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • its water contact angle is preferably 40° or less, more preferably 30° or less, and its thickness is typically 0.1 to 200 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the water contact angle of the hydrophilic film is desirably as small as possible. However, when the water contact angle of the hydrophilic film is more than 40°, a problem in that condensed water hardly flows arises.
  • the thickness of the hydrophilic film is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, as in the case of the crosslinked hydrophobic film, for example, the following problem arises. Variations in frost formation suppression and hydrophilicity between lots enlarge, and the deterioration of the frost formation suppression and hydrophilicity-maintaining property over time enlarges. In contrast, when the thickness exceeds 200 ⁇ m, neither additional frost formation suppression nor an additional improvement in hydrophilicity can be expected. In addition, for example, the following problem arises. A cost increases with increasing thickness.
  • a method of applying the anticorrosive film, the crosslinked hydrophobic film, and the hydrophilic film on the surfaces of various hard materials is not particularly limited.
  • a method involving using a generally used roll coater, a bar coating method, or a spray method can be adopted.
  • the aqueous hydrophobic coating composition is applied to the aluminum material with a roller coater or the like, and then the resultant is subjected to heating with, for example, a floater oven under high-temperature ventilation, preferably heating under a high-temperature ventilation of 10 to 30 m/min at a high temperature of 60 to 300° C. for 2 sec to 30 min.
  • the hydrophilic treatment agent is applied to the surface of the fin substrate made of an aluminum plate material for heat exchangers, then the resultant is subjected to heating with, for example, a floater oven under high-temperature ventilation, preferably heating under a high-temperature ventilation of 10 to 30 m/min at a high temperature of 60 to 300° C.
  • the aqueous hydrophobic coating composition is applied to the heated product, and then the resultant is subjected to heating with, for example, a floater oven under high-temperature ventilation, preferably heating under a high-temperature ventilation of 10 to 30 m/min at a high temperature of 60 to 300° C. for 2 sec to 30 min.
  • the hydrophilic film, the anticorrosive film, and the crosslinked hydrophobic film are formed by post-coating.
  • the heat exchanger using the heat exchange fin made of an aluminum plate material is formed of, for example, a heat exchanger obtained by brazing a flat flow channel tube and a corrugated fin, the hydrophilic film and the crosslinked hydrophobic film, or the hydrophilic film, the anticorrosive film, and the crosslinked hydrophobic film are formed in the heat exchanger obtained by brazing the flat flow channel tube and the corrugated fin by post-coating.
  • the hydrophilic film is formed by applying a flux to be used at the time of the brazing by a spraying method, an immersion method, or the like, and the anticorrosive film and the crosslinked hydrophobic film are each formed by treating and applying the anticorrosive treatment liquid or the aqueous hydrophobic coating material by the immersion method, the spraying method, or the like, and then heating the liquid or coating material at 60 to 300° C. for 2 sec to 30 min.
  • the flat flow channel tube and the corrugated fin are brazed with a fluoride-based flux
  • a flux slurry is applied with a shower, a spray, a brush, or the like and dried, and is then heated at 590 to 610° C. for 3 to 10 min to form an inorganic hydrophilic film on the flat flow channel tube and/or the corrugated fin. After the film has been cooled, post-coating with the aqueous hydrophobic coating material is performed by the method.
  • the flux is applied to perform brazing so that an inorganic hydrophilic film may be formed on the flat flow channel tube and/or the corrugated fin. After the film has been cooled, post-coating with the anticorrosive coating material is performed by the method and then post-coating with the aqueous hydrophobic coating material is performed by the method.
  • a ratio between the crosslinked hydrophobic film and hydrophilic film formed on its surface needs to be as described below.
  • An area occupied by the crosslinked hydrophobic film in a square area measuring 10 mm by 10 mm at an arbitrary position on the surface of the heat exchange fin is 10 to 90%, preferably 20 to 80%.
  • the area occupied by the crosslinked hydrophobic film is less than 10%, a problem in that the frost formation-suppressing effect becomes insufficient arises.
  • the area is more than 90%, a problem in that the condensed water-removing effect becomes insufficient arises.
  • the crosslinked hydrophobic film and the hydrophilic film are formed on the same surface of the heat exchange fin made of an aluminum plate material, and an excellent frost formation-suppressing effect exhibited by the crosslinked hydrophobic film and an excellent condensed water-removing effect exhibited by the hydrophilic film cooperate with each other, and hence frost formation at the time of heater operation can be prevented to the extent possible, and under such a condition that condensation is liable to occur on a fin surface, a water droplet of condensed water can be quickly removed by bringing the water droplet into contact with the hydrophilic film, and as a result, a favorable heat exchange function can be maintained without any increase in ventilation resistance.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective explanatory diagram illustrating a heat exchanger made of an aluminum alloy obtained in each of Examples 5 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8.
  • part (s) refers to “part (s) by mass” and the term “%” refers to “mass %.”
  • 850 parts of n-butanol were heated to 100° C. in a stream of nitrogen, and then a monomer mixture and a polymerization initiator “450 parts of methacrylic acid, 450 parts of styrene, 100 parts of ethyl acrylate, and 40 parts of t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate” were dropped therein over 3 hr. After the dropping, the resultant mixture was aged for 1 hr. Next, a mixed solution of 10 parts of t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate and 100 parts of n-butanol was dropped to the aged product over 30 min, and after the dropping, the resultant mixture was aged for 2 hr.
  • 1,400 parts of n-butanol were heated to 100° C. in a stream of nitrogen, and then a monomer mixture and a polymerization initiator “670 parts of methacrylic acid, 250 parts of styrene, 80 parts of ethyl acrylate, and 50 parts of t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate” were dropped therein over 3 hr. After the dropping, the resultant mixture was aged for 1 hr. Next, a mixed solution of 10 parts of t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate and 100 parts of n-butanol was dropped to the aged product over 30 min, and after the dropping, the resultant mixture was aged for 2 hr.
  • the resultant resin had a resin acid value of 48 mgKOH/g, a quaternary ammonium salt amount (based on the electric conductivity titration method in the description) of 1.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol/g, and a weight-average molecular weight of 26,000.
  • the resultant resin had a resin acid value of 75 mgKOH/g, a quaternary ammonium salt amount (result based on the electric conductivity titration) of 1.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol/g, and a weight-average molecular weight of 18,000.
  • Respective components were sufficiently stirred with a stirring machine in accordance with formulation shown in each of Table 1 and Table 2 below, and then deionized water was added to the mixture to adjust its solid content.
  • aqueous hydrophobic coating compositions (D-2) to (D-8) each having a solid content of 10% were produced.
  • Aqueous hydrophobic coating composition D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 D-6 D-7 D-8 Resin (A) having fluorine UNIDYNE 10 — — — — 1 3 20 atom-containing group TG-500S(*1) UNIDYNE — 10 — 10 — — — — TG-580(*2) UNIDYNE — — 10 — 10 — — — TG-581(*3) Quaternary ammonium salt ae-1 90 90 90 — — 90 90 90 group-containing modified ae-2 — — — 90 90 — — epoxy resin (B) Amino resin (C) MYCOAT 715(*4) 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 (Note 1) The ratio of a blended content is represented in a “part(s) by mass” unit in terms of a solid content.
  • a DENKA POVAL K-05 (manufactured by DENKI KAGAKU KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA, saponification degree: 99%, polymerization degree: 550) was dissolved in water to provide a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution (e-1) having a solid content of 14%.
  • the resultant resin had a resin acid value of 48 mgKOH/g and a weight-average molecular weight of 24,000.
  • an aluminum plate material (JIS A 1050) having a plate thickness of 100 ⁇ m was used as an aluminum fin material and then the aluminum plate material was subjected to a degreasing treatment. After that, an anticorrosive film was formed by painting each of both surfaces of the aluminum plate material with a chromate-based treatment agent (treatment agent a: manufactured by Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd., trade name “ALCHROM 712”) or an organic treatment agent (treatment agent b: manufactured by KANSAI PAINT CO., LTD., trade name “Cosmer 9105”) as an anticorrosive treatment agent through the use of a roll coater.
  • a chromate-based treatment agent treatment agent a: manufactured by Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd., trade name “ALCHROM 712”
  • an organic treatment agent treatment agent b: manufactured by KANSAI PAINT CO., LTD., trade name “Cosmer 9105”
  • the substrate was formed by: painting each of both surfaces of the aluminum plate material with the treatment agent a through the use of the roll coater so that the amount of the agent became 20 mg/m 2 in terms of a Cr amount; and then drying the agent at a peak metal temperature (PMT) of 230° C. for 15 sec.
  • PMT peak metal temperature
  • an anticorrosive fin substrate b was formed by: painting each of both surfaces of the aluminum plate material with the treatment agent b through the use of the roll coater so that the thickness of the agent became 1.0 g/m 2 ; and then drying the agent at a PMT of 250° C. for 10 sec.
  • Example 1 the top of the anticorrosive film on the anticorrosive fin substrate a was painted with a carboxymethylcellulose-based coating material E-1 (manufactured by Nippon Paint Co., Ltd., trade name “SURFALCOAT 160”) by using a roll coater so that the coating material had a thickness shown in Table 4.
  • the coating material was dried at a PMT of 200° C. for 10 sec to form a hydrophilic film.
  • the top of the anticorrosive film on the anticorrosive fin substrate a or b was painted with the coating material E-1 or coating material E-2 shown in Table 2 in the same manner as in the case of Example 1, and then the coating material was dried at a PMT of 230° C. for 10 sec.
  • Example 1 After the hydrophilic film E-1 had been formed on the anticorrosive film a, in Example 1, the resultant was painted with the coating material D-1 of the aqueous hydrophobic coating composition shown in Table 1 by using a spray so that the coating material had a thickness shown in Table 4, and in Comparative Example 9, the resultant was painted with the comparative hydrophobic coating composition F-1 shown in Table 3 by using a spray so that the coating material had a thickness shown in Table 4. Next, the coating material was dried at a PMT of 220° C. for 10 sec to produce a precoated fin having a crosslinked hydrophobic film on part of a fin substrate.
  • Example 2 after the anticorrosive film a and the hydrophilic film E-2 had been formed, the resultant was painted with the coating material D-1 of the aqueous hydrophobic coating composition shown in Table 1 by using a spray so that the coating material had a thickness shown in Table 4, followed by drying under the conditions of Example 1 to produce a precoated fin having a crosslinked hydrophobic film on part of its surface as a heat exchange fin of Example 2.
  • Example 3 In each of Example 3 and Comparative Example 10, after the anticorrosive film a had been formed, the resultant was painted with the coating material D-2 of the aqueous hydrophobic coating composition shown in Table 1 in Example 3, or the comparative hydrophobic coating composition F-2 shown in Table 3 in Comparative Example 10, by using a roll coater so that the coating material had a thickness shown in Table 4, followed by drying under the conditions of Example 1.
  • Example 4 after the anticorrosive film b and the hydrophilic film E-3 had been formed, the resultant was painted with the coating material D-2 of the aqueous hydrophobic coating composition shown in Table 1 by using a roll coater so that the coating material had a thickness shown in Table 4, followed by drying under the conditions of Example 1.
  • the precoated fin of each of Examples 1 and 2 in which the crosslinked hydrophobic film having a frost formation-suppressing effect had been formed on part of the fin substrate was cut into a piece measuring 500 by 25 by 0.1 mm and then subjected to press working with 2 rows ⁇ 12 rows of collar portions to provide a heat exchange fin.
  • the heat exchange fins were laminated so as to coincide with the collar portions, and then a copper tube (JIS-C1220, outer diameter: 7 mm, wall thickness: 0.3 mm) was inserted into the collar portions of the formed laminate. Next, the copper tube was expanded with a mandrel to join the collar portions mechanically.
  • a cross fin tube-type heat exchanger having external dimensions measuring 500 mm by 25 mm by 250 mm
  • Example 3 a heat exchanger was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 by using a precoated fin in which a crosslinked hydrophobic film having a frost formation-suppressing effect had been formed on a fin substrate.
  • a cross fin tube-type heat exchanger of Example 3 including a heat exchange fin having the crosslinked hydrophobic film on part of its surface was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 by immersing the heat exchanger in tap water at 40° C. for 30 min and drying the heat exchanger as a post-treatment.
  • Example 4 a heat exchanger was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 by using a precoated fin in which a crosslinked hydrophobic film having a frost formation-suppressing effect had been formed on a fin substrate.
  • a cross fin tube-type heat exchanger of Example 4 including a heat exchange fin having the crosslinked hydrophobic film on part of its surface was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 by subjecting the heat exchanger to spray washing with industrial water at 80° C. for 1 min and drying the heat exchanger as a post-treatment.
  • a cross fin tube-type heat exchanger was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 by using a precoated fin in which a hydrophobic film had been formed on a fin substrate.
  • a cross fin tube-type heat exchanger was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 by subjecting the heat exchanger to spray washing with tap water at 80° C. for 1 min and drying the heat exchanger as a post-treatment.
  • a heat exchanger using a corrugated fin is of a parallel-flow heat exchange type constructed of a porous extruded flat tube as a flat flow channel tube, the corrugated fin, and a header pipe made of aluminum.
  • the porous extruded flat tube JIS A1050 alloy, width: 16 mm, thickness: 0.93 mm, wall thickness: 0.35 mm
  • the corrugated fin formed of a clad brazing sheet JIS A4343 alloy/JIS A3003 alloy/JIS A4343 alloy, thickness: 0.9 mm, fin height: 7.9 mm, fin width: 16 mm
  • the header pipe made of aluminum was set at each of both ends of the laminate, followed by restriction with a jig made of SUS.
  • a flux made of a complex compound of KAlF 4 and K 3 AlF 6 was applied to the laminate with a spray, and was then dried at 150° C. for 5 min.
  • the average application amount of the flux after the drying was 5 g/m 2 in the case of each of Examples 5 and 6, 15 g/m 2 in the case of each of Examples 7 and 8, 3 g/m 2 in the case of each of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and 9 g/m 2 in the case of each of Comparative Examples 3 to 8.
  • the resultant was subjected to a temperature increase and heating in a mesh belt-type continuous furnace having an inert atmosphere muffle replaced with an N 2 gas, followed by brazing at 600° C. After the flat tube and the fin, and the flat tube and the header pipe had been joined to each other by the brazing, the resultant was cooled to normal temperature in a continuous brazing furnace. After the brazing, a section of the fin material was observed.
  • a film formed of the flux had irregularities, in each of Examples 5 and 6, a thick portion had a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and a thin portion had a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m, in each of Examples 7 and 8, a thick portion had a thickness of 35 ⁇ m and a thin portion had a thickness of 2 ⁇ m, in each of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, a thick portion had a thickness of 4 ⁇ m and a thin portion had a thickness of 0.4 ⁇ m, and in each of Comparative Examples 3 to 8, a thick portion had a thickness of 15 ⁇ m and a thin portion had a thickness of 1.2 ⁇ m.
  • the heat exchanger made of an aluminum alloy after the brazing was washed with tap water and dried as a pretreatment for the painting.
  • each of the coatings D-3 to D-6 of the aqueous hydrophobic coating compositions shown in Table 1 was applied through immersion so as to have a thickness shown in Table 4, and was then drained off, followed by drying in a continuous drying furnace at 160° C. for 30 min.
  • each of the coating material D-1 of the aqueous hydrophobic coating composition shown in Table 1, and the aqueous hydrophobic coating compositions F-1 to F-5 of Comparative Examples shown in Table 3 was applied through immersion so as to have a thickness shown in Table 4, and was then drained off, followed by drying in a continuous drying furnace at 160° C. for 30 min.
  • Example 5 no post-treatment was performed, and in Example 6, after having been immersed in a 1% solution of caustic soda at 50° C. for 30 sec and lifted, the heat exchanger was sufficiently washed with tap water and dried as a post-treatment. Further, in Example 7, the heat exchanger was washed with tap water at 60° C. for 30 min as a post-treatment. Further, in Example 8, after having been immersed in a 1% solution of sulfuric acid at 40° C. for 30 sec and lifted, the heat exchanger was sufficiently washed with tap water and dried as a post-treatment.
  • a parallel flow-type heat exchanger of each of Examples 5 to 8 including a heat exchange fin having a crosslinked hydrophobic film on part of its surface was produced.
  • a porous extruded flat tube (width: 16 mm, thickness: 1.93 mm, wall thickness: 0.35 mm) obtained by adding 0.4% of Cu, 0.03% of Zr, and 0.1% of Ti to a JIS A1050 alloy was used as a flat flow channel tube.
  • the surface of the flat flow channel tube was immersed in a solution obtained by turning Si metal powder having an average particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or less, a mixed flux of K 2 AlF 5 .H 2 O and KZnF 3 , and an acrylic resin as a binder into a slurry in an industrial alcohol, and was then dried at 250° C. for 3 min.
  • Si/flux mixed film containing the Si metal powder having an average application amount of 4 g/m 2 , the flux having an average application amount of 10 g/m 2 , and the binder having an average application amount of 3 g/m 2 .
  • porous extruded flat tube having the Si/flux mixed film formed on its surface and a natural corrugated fin (thickness: 0.9 mm, fin height: 7.9 mm, fin width: 16 mm) obtained by adding 1.5% of Zn to a JIS A3003 alloy were laminated, and then a header pipe made of aluminum was set at each of both ends of the laminate, followed by restriction with a jig made of SUS. After that, the resultant was subjected to a temperature increase and heating in a mesh belt-type continuous furnace having an inert atmosphere muffle replaced with an N 2 gas, followed by brazing at 595° C.
  • the resultant was cooled to normal temperature in a continuous brazing furnace. After the brazing, a section of the fin material was observed. As a result, it was found that the Si/flux film of the flat flow channel tube spread over the corrugated fin material, the fin material had irregularities, and a thick portion had a thickness of 5 ⁇ m and a thin portion had a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the heat exchanger made of an aluminum alloy after the brazing was washed with tap water and dried as a pretreatment for the painting.
  • the heat exchanger of each of Examples 9 and 10 was painted with the coating material D-7 of the aqueous hydrophobic coating composition shown in Table 1 through immersion so that the coating material had a thickness shown in Table 4, and then the coating material was dried in a continuous drying furnace at 160° C. for 30 min.
  • Example 9 no post-treatment was performed, and in Example 10, after having been immersed in tap water at 80° C. for 30 sec and lifted, the heat exchanger was sufficiently washed with tap water and dried as a post-treatment.
  • a parallel flow-type heat exchanger of each of Examples 9 and 10 including a heat exchange fin having a crosslinked hydrophobic film on part of its surface was produced.
  • a porous extruded flat tube (width: 16 mm, thickness: 1.93 mm, wall thickness: 0.35 mm) obtained by adding 0.40 of Cu, 0.03% of Zr, and 0.1% of Ti to a JIS A1050 alloy was used as a flat flow channel tube.
  • the surface of the flat flow channel tube was immersed in a solution obtained by turning Si metal powder having an average particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or less, a mixed flux of K 2 AlF 6 and KZnF 3 , and an acrylic resin as a binder into a slurry in an industrial alcohol, and was then dried at 250° C. for 3 min.
  • Si/flux mixed film containing the Si metal powder having an average application amount of 4 g/m 2 , the flux having an average application amount of 10 g/m 2 , and the binder having an average application amount of 3 g/m 2 .
  • porous extruded flat tube having the Si/flux mixed film formed on its surface and a natural corrugated fin (thickness: 0.9 mm, fin height: 7.9 mm, fin width: 16 mm) obtained by adding 1.5% of Zn to a JIS A3003 alloy were laminated, and then a header pipe made of aluminum was set at each of both ends of the laminate, followed by restriction with a jig made of SUS. After that, a flux made of a complex compound of KAlF 4 and K 3 AlF 6 was applied to the laminate with a spray, and was then dried at 150° C. for 5 min. The average application amount of the flux after the drying was 7 g/m 2 .
  • the resultant was subjected to a temperature increase and heating in a mesh belt-type continuous furnace having an inert atmosphere muffle replaced with an N 2 gas, followed by brazing at 595° C. After the flat tube and the corrugated fin, and the flat tube and the header pipe had been joined to each other by the brazing, the resultant was cooled to normal temperature in a continuous brazing furnace.
  • the corrugated fin had irregularities derived from the flux film, and a thick portion had a thickness of 15 ⁇ m and a thin portion had a thickness of 2 ⁇ m.
  • the heat exchanger made of an aluminum alloy after the brazing was washed with tap water and dried as a pretreatment for the painting.
  • the heat exchanger of each of Examples 11 and 12 was painted with the coating material D-8 of the aqueous hydrophobic coating composition shown in Table 1 through immersion so that the coating material had a thickness shown in Table 4, and then the coating material was dried in a continuous drying furnace at 160° C. for 30 min.
  • Example 12 After having been immersed in industrial water at normal temperature for 30 min and lifted, the heat exchanger was sufficiently washed with tap water and dried as a post-treatment. Thus, a parallel flow-type heat exchanger of each of Examples 11 and 12 including a heat exchange fin having a crosslinked hydrophobic film on part of its surface was produced.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the heat exchanger made of an aluminum alloy obtained in each of Examples 5 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 by joining a corrugated fin 5 and an extruded flat tube 4 , and the extruded flat tube 4 and a header pipe 3 , to each other through brazing, and then cooling the resultant to normal temperature in a continuous brazing furnace.
  • one of the pair of header pipes 3 is provided with a heating medium-introducing port 1 and the other is provided with a discharge port 2 .
  • an aluminum fin material measuring 7 cm by 15 cm was prepared for contact angle measurement, and then the formation of an anticorrosive film, a hydrophilic film, and a crosslinked hydrophobic film, and a post-treatment were performed in the same manner as in Examples except that the portion painted by using a roll coater was painted by using a bar coater.
  • a test piece of the hydrophilic film, a test piece having the crosslinked hydrophobic film on the hydrophilic film, a test piece having the hydrophilic film on the anticorrosive film, or a test piece having the hydrophilic film formed on the anticorrosive film and having the crosslinked hydrophobic film thereon was produced.
  • the fin material having a size measuring about 10 by 10 mm was cut out of the heat exchanger produced in each of Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7, the carbon (C) mapping of the surface of the film was performed with an X-ray microanalyzer (EPMA), and the area ratio of carbon (C) in an area measuring 5 by 5 mm2 was calculated by image analysis.
  • EPMA X-ray microanalyzer
  • a 50-wt % aqueous solution of propylene glycol was introduced as a refrigerant into the test heat exchanger of each of Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 thus produced.
  • the refrigerant was circulated in a thermostatic chamber having a chamber temperature of 2° C. and a humidity RH of 90% or more under the conditions of a refrigerant temperature of ⁇ 6° C. and a refrigerant flow rate of 1 L/min, and then the heat exchanger was operated for 45 min, followed by the observation of a frost formation state in the heat exchange fin of each test heat exchanger.
  • a defrosting operation was performed with the refrigerant at 30° C. for 3 min, followed by the observation of the presence or absence of the formation of a bridge by melt water (or condensed water) produced between heat exchange fins.
  • the frost formation-suppressing effect was evaluated as described below.
  • a time period required for the formation of frost on the entire surface was measured and the evaluation was performed by the following criteria: x: the case where the time period was less than 15 min, ⁇ : the case where the time period was 15 min or more and less than 30 min, 0: the case where the time period was 30 min or more and less than 45 min, and ⁇ : the case where no frost formation occurred even after a lapse of 45 min.
  • a condensed water-removing effect was evaluated as described below.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
US14/116,436 2011-05-10 2012-03-21 Heat exchanger obtained from aluminum or aluminum alloy Abandoned US20140069620A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2011-105501 2011-05-10
JP2011105501A JP5712777B2 (ja) 2011-05-10 2011-05-10 アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなる熱交換器
PCT/JP2012/057164 WO2012153571A1 (ja) 2011-05-10 2012-03-21 アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなる熱交換器

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20140069620A1 true US20140069620A1 (en) 2014-03-13

Family

ID=47139057

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/116,436 Abandoned US20140069620A1 (en) 2011-05-10 2012-03-21 Heat exchanger obtained from aluminum or aluminum alloy

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20140069620A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5712777B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR101605598B1 (ja)
CN (1) CN103518117B (ja)
MY (1) MY164172A (ja)
WO (1) WO2012153571A1 (ja)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160175957A1 (en) * 2013-07-26 2016-06-23 Denso Corporation Method and apparatus for manufacturing aluminum product
EP3159634A1 (en) * 2015-10-23 2017-04-26 Carrier Corporation Method of regenerating a heat exchanger hydrophobic coating
US20180274868A1 (en) * 2015-09-23 2018-09-27 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Heat transfer tube, air-heated evaporator and method for producing a heat transfer tube
US20190104643A1 (en) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-04 Intel Corporation Crushable heat sink for electronic devices
ES2723899A1 (es) * 2018-02-27 2019-09-03 Bsh Electrodomesticos Espana Sa Evaporador con recubrimiento
US10704845B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2020-07-07 Honeywell International Inc. Heat exchangers, heat exchanger tubes, and additive manufacturing cold spray processes for producing the same
US10760672B2 (en) 2017-03-29 2020-09-01 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Coolant system pressure drop reduction
US10760858B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2020-09-01 Carrier Corporation Coated heat exchanger
CN113803917A (zh) * 2021-09-17 2021-12-17 北京金茂绿建科技有限公司 一种用于翅片换热器的除霜方法及装置

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20140096706A (ko) * 2013-01-29 2014-08-06 한라비스테온공조 주식회사 증발기
EP3196580B1 (en) * 2014-09-19 2018-08-29 T.RAD Co., Ltd. Corrugated fins for heat exchanger
JP2016061526A (ja) * 2014-09-19 2016-04-25 株式会社デンソー 熱交換器
JP6530178B2 (ja) * 2014-11-26 2019-06-12 三菱アルミニウム株式会社 熱交換器、及び熱交換器の製造方法
JP6633317B2 (ja) * 2015-08-05 2020-01-22 三菱アルミニウム株式会社 親水性フィンおよび熱交換器
JP2017180991A (ja) * 2016-03-31 2017-10-05 株式会社Uacj 熱交換器用フィン材及び熱交換器
MY198391A (en) * 2016-07-26 2023-08-28 Alcom Nikkei Specialty Coatings Sdn Bhd Organic Hydrophilic Coating Composition and Hydrophilic Film for Aluminum Material for a Heat Exchanger
JP7209487B2 (ja) * 2017-11-24 2023-01-20 Ｍａアルミニウム株式会社 ろう付け処理後の親水性に優れるアルミニウムフィン及び熱交換器とその製造方法
WO2019102915A1 (ja) * 2017-11-24 2019-05-31 三菱アルミニウム株式会社 ろう付け処理後の親水性に優れるアルミニウムフィン及び熱交換器とその製造方法
JP7067054B2 (ja) * 2017-12-21 2022-05-16 株式会社デンソー 伝熱部材及びこれを用いた熱交換器
JP6785937B2 (ja) * 2019-12-11 2020-11-18 三菱アルミニウム株式会社 親水性フィンおよび熱交換器
CN111609558B (zh) * 2020-05-15 2022-01-07 华帝股份有限公司 一种防止水管腐蚀的方法及应用其的热水器
KR102558305B1 (ko) * 2020-11-13 2023-07-24 한양대학교 산학협력단 발수-친수성 패턴 표면을 갖는 면상 발열 열교환기 핀

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6068911A (en) * 1996-04-18 2000-05-30 Hitachi, Ltd. Super water-repellent coating material, and super water-repellent coating film using the same
US20040037961A1 (en) * 2002-08-26 2004-02-26 Cedric Dieleman Production of surfaces to which liquids do not adhere
US20060210802A1 (en) * 2003-10-09 2006-09-21 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Plate material and manufacturing method thereof
US20090301696A1 (en) * 2006-02-01 2009-12-10 Calsonic Kansei Corporation Heat exchanger for vehicle
US20100319971A1 (en) * 2009-06-17 2010-12-23 International Business Machines Corporation Airgap-containing interconnect structure with improved patternable low-k material and method of fabricating
US20110042790A1 (en) * 2009-08-24 2011-02-24 International Business Machines Corporation MULTIPLE PATTERNING USING IMPROVED PATTERNABLE LOW-k DIELECTRIC MATERIALS

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62153357A (ja) * 1985-12-27 1987-07-08 Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd アルミニウムフイン用塗料
JP3227895B2 (ja) * 1993-04-23 2001-11-12 日立化成工業株式会社 水性塗料用樹脂組成物
JPH08113756A (ja) * 1994-10-14 1996-05-07 Du Pont Mitsui Fluorochem Co Ltd 撥水性含フッ素樹脂表面を有する物品の製造方法
JPH07251130A (ja) * 1994-03-11 1995-10-03 Kansai Paint Co Ltd 撥水性塗膜形成方法
JP2000026759A (ja) * 1998-07-09 2000-01-25 Kansai Paint Co Ltd 滑水性皮膜を形成可能な被覆組成物
CN1099580C (zh) * 2000-06-09 2003-01-22 南京化工大学 聚四氟乙烯板翅式换热器制作工艺方法
CN1714272A (zh) * 2002-11-26 2005-12-28 大金工业株式会社 空气换热器及制冷装置
JP2004294049A (ja) * 2002-11-26 2004-10-21 Daikin Ind Ltd 対空気用熱交換器及び冷凍装置
CA2675408C (en) * 2007-01-18 2012-01-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Coating composition and its production, heat exchanger, and air conditioner
JP2008224204A (ja) * 2007-02-16 2008-09-25 Kobe Steel Ltd 熱交換器用アルミニウムフィン材
JP5281295B2 (ja) * 2008-01-31 2013-09-04 住友軽金属工業株式会社 熱交換器用アルミニウムフィン材及びそれを用いたフィンプレス方法
JP5426203B2 (ja) 2008-03-25 2014-02-26 大日本印刷株式会社 オフセット印刷インキ用溶剤組成物、該溶剤組成物を用いたオフセット印刷インキ、及び該インキを用いて印刷された印刷物
JP5485616B2 (ja) * 2009-08-21 2014-05-07 関西ペイント株式会社 アルミニウムフィン材用の下地処理剤
JP5554544B2 (ja) * 2009-11-10 2014-07-23 関西ペイント株式会社 熱交換器フィン材用の着霜抑制処理組成物
JP5753698B2 (ja) * 2010-02-09 2015-07-22 株式会社Uacj 熱交換器用アルミニウムフィン及び熱交換器

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6068911A (en) * 1996-04-18 2000-05-30 Hitachi, Ltd. Super water-repellent coating material, and super water-repellent coating film using the same
US20040037961A1 (en) * 2002-08-26 2004-02-26 Cedric Dieleman Production of surfaces to which liquids do not adhere
US20060210802A1 (en) * 2003-10-09 2006-09-21 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Plate material and manufacturing method thereof
US20090301696A1 (en) * 2006-02-01 2009-12-10 Calsonic Kansei Corporation Heat exchanger for vehicle
US20100319971A1 (en) * 2009-06-17 2010-12-23 International Business Machines Corporation Airgap-containing interconnect structure with improved patternable low-k material and method of fabricating
US20110042790A1 (en) * 2009-08-24 2011-02-24 International Business Machines Corporation MULTIPLE PATTERNING USING IMPROVED PATTERNABLE LOW-k DIELECTRIC MATERIALS

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9878389B2 (en) * 2013-07-26 2018-01-30 Denso Corporation Method and apparatus for manufacturing aluminum product
US20160175957A1 (en) * 2013-07-26 2016-06-23 Denso Corporation Method and apparatus for manufacturing aluminum product
US10760858B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2020-09-01 Carrier Corporation Coated heat exchanger
US20180274868A1 (en) * 2015-09-23 2018-09-27 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Heat transfer tube, air-heated evaporator and method for producing a heat transfer tube
CN107036337A (zh) * 2015-10-23 2017-08-11 开利公司 再生热交换器疏水性涂层的方法
EP3159634A1 (en) * 2015-10-23 2017-04-26 Carrier Corporation Method of regenerating a heat exchanger hydrophobic coating
US10760672B2 (en) 2017-03-29 2020-09-01 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Coolant system pressure drop reduction
US20190104643A1 (en) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-04 Intel Corporation Crushable heat sink for electronic devices
US11032944B2 (en) * 2017-09-29 2021-06-08 Intel Corporation Crushable heat sink for electronic devices
US10704845B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2020-07-07 Honeywell International Inc. Heat exchangers, heat exchanger tubes, and additive manufacturing cold spray processes for producing the same
US11415380B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2022-08-16 Honeywell International Inc. Heat exchangers, heat exchanger tubes, and additive manufacturing cold spray processes for producing the same
ES2723899A1 (es) * 2018-02-27 2019-09-03 Bsh Electrodomesticos Espana Sa Evaporador con recubrimiento
CN113803917A (zh) * 2021-09-17 2021-12-17 北京金茂绿建科技有限公司 一种用于翅片换热器的除霜方法及装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5712777B2 (ja) 2015-05-07
JP2012237477A (ja) 2012-12-06
WO2012153571A1 (ja) 2012-11-15
MY164172A (en) 2017-11-30
KR20140033085A (ko) 2014-03-17
CN103518117B (zh) 2015-07-29
KR101605598B1 (ko) 2016-03-22
CN103518117A (zh) 2014-01-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20140069620A1 (en) Heat exchanger obtained from aluminum or aluminum alloy
US20140231052A1 (en) Precoated fin material for heat exchangers and heat exchanger
EP2862634B1 (en) Method for covering aluminum fin material with hydrophilic film, aluminum fin material, and aluminum heat exchanger
EP3187271B1 (en) Method for coating aluminum fin material with hydrophilic film, aluminum fin material, and aluminum heat exchanger
JP7233429B2 (ja) プレコートアルミニウム材
JP6596313B2 (ja) プレコートフィン及び熱交換器
JP6654814B2 (ja) 親水化処理剤、親水皮膜形成方法及び親水皮膜
JP6161122B2 (ja) 熱交換器アルミニウムフィン用の皮膜形成方法
JP2507060B2 (ja) アルミニウム製熱交換器及びその製造方法
CN113226571B (zh) 亲水化处理剂、亲水皮膜形成方法及亲水皮膜
JP2007070435A (ja) 親水性被覆下地用樹脂組成物、アルミニウム合金塗装板及びその製造方法
JP3115425B2 (ja) 塗料組成物及びこの塗料組成物による塗膜が構成されてなるフィン材、フィンの製造方法並びに熱交換器
JP5567301B2 (ja) 熱交換器フィン材用の親水化処理組成物
JP4467264B2 (ja) フィン用塗料組成物およびフィン材
JP2975550B2 (ja) 熱交換器用プレコートフィン材
JPS61225044A (ja) 熱交換器用アルミニウムフイン材

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: NIPPON LIGHT METAL COMPANY, LTD., JAPAN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TAKASAWA, REIKO;YAMAZAKI, KAZUHIKO;REEL/FRAME:031587/0413

Effective date: 20131025

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION