US20120167490A1 - Structural protection system for buildings - Google Patents

Structural protection system for buildings Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120167490A1
US20120167490A1 US13/395,185 US201013395185A US2012167490A1 US 20120167490 A1 US20120167490 A1 US 20120167490A1 US 201013395185 A US201013395185 A US 201013395185A US 2012167490 A1 US2012167490 A1 US 2012167490A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
bearing structure
building
energy dissipation
structural system
base
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Abandoned
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US13/395,185
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English (en)
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Alessandro Balducci
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • E04H9/0215—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings involving active or passive dynamic mass damping systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • E04H9/0235—Anti-seismic devices with hydraulic or pneumatic damping
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • E04H9/0237—Structural braces with damping devices

Definitions

  • the present patent application for industrial invention relates to a structural system for seismic protection of buildings.
  • the structural system according to the invention is especially suitable for seismic protection of existing buildings, with special reference to buildings that play an important social role, classified as strategic buildings (hospitals, schools, barracks, etc.) and also of new buildings.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a structural system for seismic protection of buildings according to the prior art.
  • a plurality of dissipation devices ( 1 ) are installed in building (E) to be protected, being designed to dissipate the energy generated by the oscillations of the building due to earth tremor. According to the different techniques, said dissipation devices ( 1 ) are installed inside the building (E) or outside it on the walls.
  • the building (E) comprises a framework of the bearing structure.
  • framework we mean a frame composed of multiple floors (S) and vertical elements (P), such as pillars or bearing walls, in order to generate a plurality of spaces (M).
  • At least one dissipation device ( 1 ) is installed in each space (M) of said framework, in bracing configuration, preferably with diagonal direction with respect to the space (M).
  • Each dissipation device comprises a dissipation means ( 1 c ) disposed between two rigid rods.
  • a first end ( 1 a ) of the first rod of the dissipation device is tied to a portion of angle between the lower floor (S) of the space and a first lateral wall of the building.
  • a second end ( 1 a ) of the second rod of the dissipation device is tied to a portion of angle between the upper floor (S) of the space and a second intermediate wall of the building.
  • each dissipation device ( 1 ) works autonomously and contributes to compensate wall deformations of each space (M) of the framework.
  • JP 09 235890 discloses a reinforcement and vibration-damping structure for existing buildings.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art by disclosing a structural system that is able to oppose the oscillations of buildings due to earth tremor in an efficient and efficacious way.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to provide such a structural system for seismic protection of buildings that is versatile and at the same time easy to make, install and maintain.
  • the building to be seismically protected is combined with a specialized structure designed to oppose seismic actions by dissipating energy.
  • the specialized structures can be simply installed in external position, without having to carry out any works inside the building.
  • the specialized structure can consist in a tower or frame or column with suitably rigidity, connected to the building by means of rigid rods with two hinges normally disposed at each floor level.
  • the tower is tied at the base with a spherical joint or hinge. Therefore, the tower is free to oscillate in any direction around the spherical joint, rotating and pivoting on the joint (centre of rotation).
  • Dissipation devices or dampers are applied around the base of the tower, which strongly oppose the rotation and oscillation of the tower, thus suffering movements and dissipating energy by means of hysteresis cycles.
  • crank gears To amplify displacements (travel: elongation and shortening) of the dissipation devices, suitable mechanisms that operate by means of crank gears can be provided.
  • the global dissipation system which is concentrated at the base of the tower, can be of any type.
  • the main function of the tower is to oppose the effects produced by earth tremor by dissipating energy in the specialized area where dissipation devices of generic type (dampers) are installed.
  • the re-centering (balancing) of the tower is guaranteed by the elasticity of the building structure and also by elastic elements that can be connected in parallel to the energy dissipation means.
  • the tower that acts as seismic-resistant-dissipation element can be inserted inside the building (for example in the stairwell-elevator area).
  • the structural system of the invention has several advantages compared to the known systems.
  • the external seismic-resistant-dissipation structure is of spatial type (tower), it can provide additional usable volume (enlargement), no longer being an end in itself (of structural type only) and with lower incidence of the seismic adaptation cost.
  • Such a seismic-resistant-dissipation structure can be, for example, a vertical connection element (stairs, elevator) or emergency staircase. Reference is made to the frequent installation of steel emergency staircases outside public buildings, which can also represent a seismic protection element if designed with the structural system of the invention.
  • the installation of the specialized structure can be carried out without interrupting the ordinary use of the building to be protected.
  • Dissipation devices are concentrated in a single specialized area with limited dimensions (tower base), which is consequently easy to inspect and maintain.
  • the specialized dissipation area can be also positioned at higher levels, not only at the base of the tower.
  • the dissipation system of the invention guarantees high efficiency, taking full advantage of the devices, and high efficacy of the seismic-resistant devices that are concentrated in a single specialized area compared to the known methods with devices disseminated on the building, the operation of which is affected by the uncertain seismic reaction of the building as a whole, especially due to the presence of non-structural elements (walls in general, etc.).
  • the rigidity of external seismic-resistant structures with vertical development (tower, frame, column) connected by means of rigid rods to the building is such that it regularizes the deformation (horizontal floor displacements) of the building that is subject to earth tremor, which is generally irregular.
  • the structural system of the invention In case of hospital or school buildings, if the structural system of the invention has been correctly studied from an architectural viewpoint, it can provide improved design and improved operation with the use of additional structures (new spaces, services, etc.). This is made possible also because of the high formal flexibility of additional structures (for example, the tower can have a square, rectangular, polygonal, circular, etc. shape, can have a constant height or can be tapered vertically).
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view along a vertical plane that shows a structural system for seismic protection of buildings according to the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view along a vertical plane that shows a first embodiment of the structural system for seismic protection of buildings according to the present invention that provides for a specialized structure with distributed energy dissipation system;
  • FIG. 3 is the same view as FIG. 2 , except for it shows a second embodiment of the structural system of the invention with specialized structure with energy dissipation system concentrated at the base;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the structural system of FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the structural system of FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 6 is the same view as FIG. 3 , except for it shows a different version of the energy dissipation system of FIG. 3 , which provides for a lever mechanism that multiplies the travel of the energy dissipation device;
  • FIG. 6A is an enlarged view of the detail contained in circle (A) of FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 7 is the same view as FIG. 6 , except for it shows the oscillation of the structural system of FIG. 6 during earth tremor;
  • FIG. 7A is an enlarged view of the details contained in circles (A) and (A′) of FIG. 7 ;
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 are two side elevation views that show a different version of the structural system of the invention, wherein the specialized structure consists in a planar frame;
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view of the structural systems of FIGS. 8 and 9 ;
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view along a vertical plane that shows the specialized structure disposed as nucleus inside the building;
  • FIGS. 12 and 12A are two side elevation views that show a different version of the structural system of the invention, wherein the specialized structure consists in a column;
  • FIG. 13 is a plan view of the structural system of FIG. 12 ;
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the structural system of FIG. 12 .
  • FIG. 2 a first embodiment of the structural system for seismic protection of buildings according to the present invention is disclosed.
  • the building (E) to be protected comprises a plurality of levels defined by floors (S) disposed according to horizontal planes.
  • the structural system of the invention comprises at least one bearing structure ( 2 ) rigidly connected to the building (E).
  • the bearing structure ( 2 ) has basically the same height as the building (E) and is rigidly connected to the building by means of a plurality of rigid rods ( 3 ).
  • the rod ( 3 ) is provided with a first end ( 3 a ) tied to a wall of the building (E) and a second end ( 3 b ) tied to the bearing structure ( 2 ).
  • the bearing structure ( 2 ) is provided with a plurality of horizontal reinforcement elements (S′) disposed at the same height as the floors (S) of the building (E).
  • the rigid rods ( 3 ) are disposed according to horizontal straight lines on the floors (S) of the building and the corresponding reinforcement elements (S′) of the bearing structure.
  • the bearing structure ( 2 ) is a specialized structure that comprises an energy dissipation system adapted to dissipate the energy of the oscillations suffered by the bearing structure ( 2 ) due to earth tremor.
  • the specialized structure ( 2 ) is rigidly connected to the building (E). Therefore the energy dissipation system of the specialized structure is able to compensate and damp also the oscillations suffered by the building (E) during the shocks.
  • the specialized structure ( 2 ) is a tower disposed outside the building (E) and the horizontal reinforcement elements are floors (S′) of the tower disposed between a first vertical wall ( 2 a ) facing the building (E) and a second vertical wall ( 2 b ) opposite the first vertical wall ( 2 a ).
  • the horizontal reinforcement elements are floors (S′) of the tower disposed between a first vertical wall ( 2 a ) facing the building (E) and a second vertical wall ( 2 b ) opposite the first vertical wall ( 2 a ).
  • V parallelepiped spaces
  • One dissipation device ( 1 ) is disposed in each space (V) of the tower ( 2 ), in bracing configuration, diagonally, in such a way to generate an energy dissipation system of the specialized structure ( 2 ) distributed along the entire height of the specialized structure.
  • the dissipation device comprises an energy dissipation means ( 1 c ) disposed between two rigid rods.
  • the energy dissipation means ( 1 c ) can be, for example, a chamber with fluid.
  • a shock-absorbing element, such as elastic means, spring means or damper can be disposed in parallel position to the energy dissipation means ( 1 c ).
  • the dissipation device ( 1 ) comprises:
  • FIGS. 3-5 describe a second embodiment of the structural system of the invention, wherein the dissipation system is concentrated at the base of the tower ( 2 ).
  • the base of the tower ( 2 ) is tied to a spherical joint or hinge ( 4 ) mounted on a base (B) fixed to the ground.
  • the vertical axis of the tower ( 2 ) passes through the centre of the spherical joint ( 4 ).
  • a plurality of dissipation devices ( 1 ) is disposed in peripheral position around the spherical joint ( 4 ).
  • Each dissipation device ( 1 ) is provided with a first end ( 1 a ) tied to the base (B) and a second end ( 1 b ) tied at the base of the tower.
  • the tower ( 2 ) has a base ( 20 ) shaped as overturned pyramid, wherein the vertex of the pyramid is tied to the spherical joint ( 4 ).
  • two specialized structures ( 2 ) are sufficient, being disposed in the long opposite sides of the building, near the opposite angles of the building.
  • connection system of the tower ( 2 ) to the building (E) comprises four rigid rods ( 3 ) in each floor, disposed in W-configuration with three connection hinges ( 3 a ) on the building (E) and two connection hinges ( 3 b ) on the tower.
  • each tower ( 2 ) is damped by eight dissipation devices ( 1 ) disposed at the four angles of the tower base and along the central lines of the four sides of the tower base.
  • FIGS. 6 , 6 A, 7 and 7 A a different version of the energy dissipation system is described.
  • each dissipation device ( 1 ) is connected to a lever mechanism ( 5 ) to multiply the travel of the dissipation device ( 1 ), i.e. elongation/shortening of the dissipation device ( 1 ) to compensate the oscillation of the tower ( 2 ).
  • the lever mechanism ( 5 ) comprises two levers (L 1 , L 2 ).
  • the first lever (L 1 ) is pivoted in the central point (F 1 ) to a projection ( 51 ) of a flange ( 50 ) tied to the base (B).
  • the second lever (L 2 ) has a first end (La) pivoted at a projection of a flange ( 52 ) tied to the base ( 20 ) of the tower and a second end (Lb) pivoted at one end of the first lever (L 1 ).
  • the dissipation device ( 1 ) has a first end ( 1 a ) pivoted at a projection of the flange ( 52 ) tied to the base ( 20 ) of the tower and a second end ( 1 b ) pivoted at the other end of the first lever (L 1 ).
  • the dissipation device ( 1 ) is basically as long as the second lever (L 2 ) and parallel to the second lever (L 2 ) in such a way that first lever (L 1 ), second lever (L 2 ), flange ( 52 ) and dissipation device ( 1 ) form an articulated quadrilateral that can oscillate around the fulcrum (F 1 ).
  • Li is the length of the dissipation device in idle state and Lf is the length of the dissipation device after compression or elongation due to oscillation of the tower, the travel of the dissipation device is determined by the relationship:
  • the travel ( ⁇ D ) of the dissipation device is related to the lever mechanism ( 5 ) and vertical displacement ( ⁇ v ) of the tower base.
  • (b 1 ) is the distance between the fulcrum (F 1 ) of the first lever (L 1 ) and the fulcrum (Lb) of the second lever (L 2 ) with the first lever (L 1 ).
  • (b 2 ) is the distance between the fulcrum (F 1 ) of the first lever (L 1 ) and the fulcrum ( 1 Lb) of the dissipation device ( 1 ) with the first lever (L 1 ).
  • the travel of the dissipation device is determined by the relationship:
  • ⁇ D
  • ⁇ V *(1 +b 2 /b 1)
  • the elongation or shortening of the dissipation device ( 1 ) will be twice as the vertical displacement ( ⁇ V ) of the base ( 20 ) of the tower.
  • the specialized structure is a planar frame ( 102 ) composed, for example, of a reticular framework.
  • the dissipation devices ( 1 ) can be disposed at the base of the frame ( 102 ).
  • the frame ( 102 ) is tied to the ground by means of a planar hinge ( 104 ) instead of a spherical joint.
  • FIGS. 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 and 9 show five-story buildings and specialized structures ( 2 ; 102 ) provided with energy dissipation system concentrated only at the base of the structure.
  • each specialized structure can be made of multiple overlapped parts that are mutually tied by means of a central hinge around which the dissipation devices are disposed.
  • the connection between the various parts of the bearing structure is exactly made as the connection of the base of the bearing structure to the ground.
  • the specialized structure ( 202 ) can be the nucleus of the building, that is to say a tower inside the building that is rigidly connected to the internal walls of the building.
  • the tower ( 202 ) is provided with a specialized energy dissipation system, such as the systems described in the aforementioned embodiments.
  • FIGS. 12 12 A, 13 and 14 a different version of the structural system of the invention is described, wherein the specialized structure is a column ( 302 ).
  • the dissipation devices ( 1 ) can be disposed at the base of the column ( 302 ).
  • the column ( 302 ) is anchored to the ground by means of a spherical joint ( 4 ).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
US13/395,185 2009-09-10 2010-08-31 Structural protection system for buildings Abandoned US20120167490A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMC2009A000195 2009-09-10
ITMC2009A000195A IT1395591B1 (it) 2009-09-10 2009-09-10 Sistema strutturale per protezione sismica di edifici.
PCT/EP2010/062748 WO2011029749A1 (en) 2009-09-10 2010-08-31 Structural protection system for buildings

Related Parent Applications (1)

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PCT/EP2010/062748 A-371-Of-International WO2011029749A1 (en) 2009-09-10 2010-08-31 Structural protection system for buildings

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US14/075,413 Division US20140059951A1 (en) 2009-09-10 2013-11-08 Structural protection system for buildings

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US14/075,413 Abandoned US20140059951A1 (en) 2009-09-10 2013-11-08 Structural protection system for buildings

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EP (1) EP2475829B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2013504700A (zh)
CN (1) CN102498253B (zh)
IT (1) IT1395591B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2011029749A1 (zh)

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US20150000217A1 (en) * 2013-06-28 2015-01-01 The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York Negative stiffness device and method
US20160265217A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2016-09-15 Timothy A. Hayes Structural connection mechanisms for providing discontinuous elastic behavior in structural framing systems
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CN108756412A (zh) * 2018-07-10 2018-11-06 大连理工大学 梁中铰接的装配式混凝土减震框架结构体系
US20190145076A1 (en) * 2015-12-08 2019-05-16 Lizhong JIANG Inverted fastening mortise building structure for resisting earthquake, strong wind and trunami and technical procedure thereof
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US11299903B2 (en) * 2018-11-19 2022-04-12 Yangzhou University Prestress-free self-centering energy-dissipative tension-only brace

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JP6364225B2 (ja) * 2014-05-02 2018-07-25 株式会社竹中工務店 連結制震構造
CN107155335B (zh) * 2014-09-24 2020-04-28 默罕默德·加拉尔·叶海亚·卡莫 超级高层建筑物中的负载的横向分布，以减少风力、地震和爆炸的影响，同时增加利用的区域
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KR20180072034A (ko) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-29 단국대학교 산학협력단 계단실과 본 건물의 사이를 활용한 감쇠시스템
US11828083B2 (en) 2017-02-16 2023-11-28 John Damian Allen Control structure with rotary force limiter and energy dissipater
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JP7130004B2 (ja) 2017-02-16 2022-09-02 デイミアン アレン，ジョン 力制限器及びエネルギ消散器
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IT201900005478A1 (it) 2019-04-09 2020-10-09 Univ Pisa Dispositivo per proteggere manufatti, in particolare opere d’arte, da azioni sismiche e fenomeni vibratori in genere
KR102093322B1 (ko) * 2019-07-15 2020-03-26 단국대학교 산학협력단 비내력벽을 갖는 건물의 내진 보강을 위한 부축벽 조립체
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US20140059951A1 (en) 2014-03-06

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