US20090025846A1 - Metal Cord, Rubber-Cord Complex and Pneumatic Tire Using the Same - Google Patents

Metal Cord, Rubber-Cord Complex and Pneumatic Tire Using the Same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090025846A1
US20090025846A1 US12/085,546 US8554606A US2009025846A1 US 20090025846 A1 US20090025846 A1 US 20090025846A1 US 8554606 A US8554606 A US 8554606A US 2009025846 A1 US2009025846 A1 US 2009025846A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
plated layer
rubber
cord
zinc
plating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US12/085,546
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English (en)
Inventor
Shinichi Miyazaki
Junichi Kodama
Yasuo Sakai
Keisuke Aramaki
Yuichi Sano
Kenichi Okamoto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd
Nippon Steel Corp
Sumitomo SEI Steel Wire Corp
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd
Nippon Steel Corp
Sumitomo SEI Steel Wire Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd, Nippon Steel Corp, Sumitomo SEI Steel Wire Corp filed Critical Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd
Assigned to SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES, LTD., SUMITOMO (SEI) STEEL WIRE CORP., NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION reassignment SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SANO, YUICHI, SAKAI, YASUO, OKAMOTO, KENICHI, KODAMA, JUNICHI, ARAMAKI, KEISUKE, MIYAZAKI, SHINICHI
Publication of US20090025846A1 publication Critical patent/US20090025846A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/0007—Reinforcements made of metallic elements, e.g. cords, yarns, filaments or fibres made from metal
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
    • B60C9/2003—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords
    • B60C9/2006—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords consisting of steel cord plies only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
    • C23C28/025—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only with at least one zinc-based layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0607—Wires
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
    • D07B1/0666—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the wires being characterised by an anti-corrosive or adhesion promoting coating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2011—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising metals
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3085—Alloys, i.e. non ferrous
    • D07B2205/3089—Brass, i.e. copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) alloys
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
    • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2401/202—Environmental resistance
    • D07B2401/2035—High temperature resistance
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
    • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2401/2095—Improving filler wetting respectively or filler adhesion
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2501/00—Application field
    • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2501/2046—Tire cords
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2501/00—Application field
    • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2501/2076—Power transmissions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metal cord and a rubber-cord complex in which an adhesion reaction layer formed between a rubber and a brass plated layer of a plated element wire is specified to thereby suppress deterioration in adhesiveness between the plated wire and the rubber under a wet heat environment, and a pneumatic tire using the complex.
  • a metal cord As a reinforcing element for rubber products such as pneumatic tires, hoses and industrial belts, a metal cord has been popularly used from the viewpoints of good reinforcing effect and the like.
  • a rubber-cord complex such as a rubber product reinforced with such a metal cord
  • the surface of element wires of the cord is plated with brass containing copper and zinc in order to enhance the adhesive property of the metal cord to the rubber.
  • this brass plating is performed in such a manner as sequentially forming a copper plated layer and a zinc plated layer on the surface of an element wire and then subjecting them to thermal diffusion to give an alloy of the two metals.
  • a conventional brass plating has a good adhesive property in an initial stage after the vulcanization (initial adhesive property), it tends to be poor in wet heat adhesive property such that the adhesive property decreases under a wet heat environment at high temperature and high humidity and the brass plating is more likely to separate from the rubber. It is effective for improving the wet heat adhesive property to add an organocobalt salt to the rubber.
  • the organocobalt salt is expensive, and has a property of making an unvulcanized rubber apt to deteriorate or thermally deteriorate. Hence the amount of the organocobalt salt to be incorporated is limited, so a sufficient increase in wet heat adhesive property is not achieved thereby.
  • the present inventors conducted an intensive study and, as a result, they have found that the adhesive property under the wet heat environment can be exhibited on a higher level as compared with a conventionally achieved adhesive property when the state of irregularity of the interface between the adhesion reaction layer and the rubber and the average thickness of the adhesion reaction layer fall within specific ranges.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a rubber-cord complex having a wet heat adhesive property improved basically by specifying the state of irregularity of the interface between the adhesion reaction layer and the rubber and the average thickness of the adhesion reaction layer.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a metal cord suitable for use in the rubber-cord complex and capable of improving its wet heat adhesive property to a rubber vulcanized and adhered thereto.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic tire with its durability improved by the use of the rubber-cord complex as mentioned above.
  • the present invention as claimed in claim 1 is directed to a rubber-cord complex obtained by vulcanizing a rubber to adhere it to a metal cord comprising a drawn plated wire prepared by providing a plated layer of brass containing copper and zinc on the surface of a metal wire and drawing the resulting plated wire, wherein:
  • the rubber-cord complex has an adhesion reaction layer formed by a cross-linking reaction of sulfur in the rubber and copper in the brass plated layer, between the rubber and the brass plated layer, and
  • the average thickness of the adhesion reaction layer is from 50 to 1,000 nm, and the interface between the adhesion reaction layer and the rubber has a fractal dimension of 1.001 to 1.300.
  • the invention as claimed in claim 5 is directed to a metal cord for use in the rubber-cord complex according to claims 1 to 3 , wherein the brass plated layer is formed by thermal diffusion of a copper plated layer and a zinc plated layer formed by plating in layers on a metal wire, in which the copper plated layer is formed by plating at a current density of 15 to 25 A/dm 2 , the zinc plated layer is formed by plating at a current density of 40 to 60 A/dm 2 , and the thermal diffusion is conducted by a low temperature diffusion at a temperature of 500 to 550° C.
  • the invention as claimed in claim 6 is directed to a metal cord for use in the rubber-cord complex according to claims 1 to 3 , wherein the brass plated layer is formed by thermal diffusion of a copper plated layer and a plated layer of a zinc alloy selected from a zinc-nickel alloy and a zinc-cobalt alloy, the layers being formed in layers on a metal wire, in which the copper plated layer is formed by plating at a current density of 15 to 25 A/dm 2 , the zinc alloy plated layer is formed by plating at a current density of 40 to 60 A/dm 2 , and the thermal diffusion is conducted by a low temperature diffusion at a temperature of 500 to 550° C.
  • the invention as claimed in claim 7 is directed to a pneumatic tire in which the rubber-cord complex according to claims 1 to 4 is used as a ply for tire reinforcement.
  • the irregularity of the interface between a rubber and an adhesion reaction layer in which sulfur in the rubber and copper in a brass plated layer bond to each other by a cross-linking reaction is increased and complicated such that the fractal dimension of the interface falls within the range of 1.001 to 1.300.
  • the average thickness of the adhesion reaction layer is properly secured.
  • the bonding force to the rubber at the interface of the adhesion reaction layer can be sufficiently increased and, in addition, increase in strength of the adhesion reaction layer itself can be achieved.
  • improvement in wet heat adhesive property between the rubber and the cord can be achieved.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view showing an example of pneumatic tires in which a rubber-cord complex of the present invention is used as a ply for tire reinforcement;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view showing the ply mentioned above which is the rubber-cord complex
  • FIG. 3A is a view explaining steps to form a brass plated layer of a binary alloy
  • FIG. 3B is a view explaining steps to form a brass plated layer of a ternary alloy
  • FIG. 3C is a view explaining another steps to form a brass plated layer of a ternary alloy.
  • FIG. 4 is a conceptual view showing an adhesion reaction layer formed at the interface between a rubber and a brass plated layer.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view showing a pneumatic tire in which a rubber-cord complex of the present invention is used as a ply for tire reinforcement.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view showing the above-mentioned ply which is the rubber-cord complex.
  • a pneumatic tire 1 shown in this example is a radial tire for passenger cars, and it includes a carcass 6 extending from a tread portion 2 to bead cores 5 in bead portions 4 through sidewall portions 3 , and a belt layer 7 arranged radially outward of the carcass 6 in the tread portion 2 .
  • the carcass 6 is formed of one or more carcass plies 6 A having carcass cords arranged, for example, at an angle of 75 to 90 degrees with respect to the circumferential direction of the tire.
  • the carcass ply 6 A comprises a ply main body portion 6 a extending between the bead cores 5 , 5 , and ply turnup portions 6 b that are turned up around the bead cores 5 from the inside to the outside at each end of the ply main body portion 6 a .
  • a bead apex rubber 8 extending radially outwardly from the bead core 5 in a tapered manner is disposed between the ply main body portion 6 a and the ply turnup portion 6 b , whereby a portion from the bead portion 4 to the sidewall portion 3 is reinforced.
  • the belt layer 7 comprises two or more belt plies, two belt plies 7 A, 7 B in this example, having belt cords arranged at an angle of 10 to 45 degrees with respect to the circumferential direction of the tire.
  • the belt plies are stacked so that the belt cords in one ply intersects with those in another belt ply to thereby enhance the belt rigidity so as to firmly reinforce the tread portion 2 .
  • the rubber-cord complex 9 of the present invention is adopted to the belt plies 7 A, 7 B out of the plies for tire reinforcement including the carcass ply 6 A and the belt plies 7 A, 7 B.
  • the rubber-cord complex 9 is composed of a cord array body 11 that metal cords 10 as belt cords are arranged mutually in parallel, and a rubber 12 for topping formed by covering the surface and back of the cord array body 11 with the rubber and subjecting the rubber to vulcanization-bonding to the cord array body.
  • the “vulcanization-bonding” is achieved by vulcanization heat applied when an unvulcanized green tire is vulcanized and molded in a mold.
  • the rubber 12 for topping can be suitably used conventional rubbers for use in tires, in which sulfur is incorporated in a rubber base material. Besides sulfur, known additives, e.g., a vulcanization accelerator and a vulcanization acceleration assistant, are selectively used for the rubber 12 in order to obtain required physical properties of the rubber.
  • the rubber base material are preferably used diene rubbers such as natural rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber and styrene/butadiene rubber. The diene rubbers are used alone or in the form of a blend of two or more rubbers. Table 1 shows an example of a rubber composition for the rubber 12 . The composition dose not contain any organocobalt salt as mentioned above.
  • the metal cord 10 is composed of at least one drawn plated wire 17 E obtained by forming a brass plated layer 16 on the surface of a metal element wire 15 and drawing the resulting plated wire.
  • the wires 17 E are twisted in a known twisting structure such as bundle-twisting or layer-twisting.
  • a metal cord 10 having a 1 ⁇ 3 structure where three plated wires 17 E are twisted together is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the brass plated layer 16 is a brass-based plating containing copper and zinc as main components.
  • a binary alloy plating comprised of copper and zinc, or a ternary alloy plating containing, besides copper and zinc, cobalt or nickel as a third metal.
  • the content of copper is in the range of 60 to 80 parts by weight and the content of zinc is in the range of 40 to 20 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the plating.
  • the content of cobalt is in the range of 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight and the content of nickel is in the range of 1.0 to 10.0 parts by weight.
  • the brass plated layer 16 made of the binary alloy plating is formed in such a manner that primary plated layers 20 , i.e., a copper plated layer 20 A and a zinc plated layer 20 B, are formed one after another on the surface of a metal element wire 15 , and then subjected to thermal diffusion to alloy the both metals (copper and zinc).
  • Numeral 17 A denotes a plated element wire prior to drawing
  • numeral 17 E denotes a plated wire after drawing.
  • the copper plated layer 20 A can be formed by electroplating treatment in a copper plating bath such as a copper pyrophosphate bath or a copper sulfate bath.
  • the zinc plated layer 20 B can be formed by electroplating treatment in a zinc plating bath such as a zinc sulfate bath. Further, the thermal diffusion is performed by thermally treating an element wire 15 having the copper plated layer 20 A and the zinc plated layer 20 B in a heating apparatus.
  • a third metal plated layer 20 C is formed by electroplating treatment in a third metal bath which is a cobalt bath or a nickel bath, and the three layers are then thermally diffused and alloyed.
  • the order of formation of respective primary plated layers is not particularly restricted.
  • the element wire 15 is made of steel, it is not preferable to firstly form the zinc plated layer 20 B from the viewpoint of the plating peeling property since a hard and fragile alloy phase of iron and zinc is produced on the surface of the element wire 15 . Further, diffusion tends to occur with difficulty between the copper plated layer 20 A and the third metal plated layer 20 C as compared with an interface between other plated layers. Therefore, it is preferable not to dispose the copper plated layer 20 A and the third metal plated layer 20 C adjacently to each other.
  • the order of the copper plated layer 20 A and the zinc plated layer 20 B is preferred, and in the case of the ternary alloy plating, the order of the copper plated layer 20 A, the zinc plated layer 20 B and the third metal plated layer 20 C is preferred.
  • the plated wire 17 A is subjected to a known wire drawing process to give a plated wire 17 E drawn to a desired diameter.
  • Numeral 16 E denotes a brass plated layer in the drawn plated wire 17 E
  • numeral 15 E denotes a wire 15 in the drawn plated wire 17 E.
  • another method for forming the brass plated layer 16 made of the ternary alloy plating is a method wherein, as shown in FIG. 3(C) , the copper plated layer 20 A is firstly formed on the surface of the metal wire 15 and, thereafter, a plated layer 20 D of an alloy of zinc and nickel or an alloy of zinc and cobalt is formed on the copper plated layer 20 A. Subsequently, the plated layers are subjected to thermal diffusion to give the brass plated layer 16 .
  • This alloy plated layer 20 D can be formed by electroplating treatment in an alloy bath containing zinc sulfate and nickel or an alloy bath containing zinc sulfate and cobalt.
  • the content of the third metal in the external surface after the thermal diffusion decreases relatively as compared with the case of forming the third metal plated layer 20 C as the outermost layer (the case shown in FIG. 3(B) ). It is therefore possible to improve the drawing processability in the wire drawing step.
  • the adhesive property between the brass plated layer 16 E and the rubber 12 is exhibited by formation of an adhesion reaction layer 25 at an interface between the brass plated layer 16 E and the rubber 12 , as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the adhesion reaction layer 25 is formed from copper in the brass plated layer 16 E and sulfur incorporated in the rubber 12 that cause a cross-linking reaction to combine each other during vulcanization of the rubber. Improvement in wet heat adhesive property between the rubber 12 and the plated wire 17 can be achieved by increasing the strength of the adhesion reaction layer itself and increasing the adhesive force between the adhesion reaction layer 25 and the rubber 12 .
  • the adhesion reaction layer 25 is required to have an average thickness Tn of 50 to 1,000 nm, and the interface S between the adhesion reaction layer 25 and the rubber 12 is required to have a fractal dimension of 1.001 to 1.300.
  • the wet heat deterioration environment is preferably set at a temperature of 70 to 100° C. and a relative humidity of 80 to 100% for a period of 10 to 20 days.
  • the average thickness Tn of the adhesion reaction layer 25 is less than 50 nm, the adhesion reaction layer 25 is so thin that the adhesive strength is insufficient. On the other hand, if the average thickness Tn exceeds 1,000 nm, the cross-linking density of the adhesion reaction layer 25 decreases to result in reduction of adhesive strength. It is therefore preferable that the average thickness Tn of the adhesion reaction layer 25 is 100 nm or more, and is 500 nm or less.
  • the “fractal dimension” is an index for showing a complexity of a shape, a degree of irregularity of a surface, and the like. The larger the fractal dimension value, the more complex the irregularity is.
  • the fractal dimension of the interface S of the adhesion reaction layer 25 is set to 1.001 or more, thereby increasing the degree of irregularity of the interface S to render it complicated and increasing the surface area thereof. It is thereby possible to enhance the bonding force between the adhesion reaction layer 25 and the rubber 12 . If the fractal dimension is less than 1.001, the bonding force between the adhesion reaction layer 25 and the rubber 12 after the wet heat deterioration is decreased.
  • the lower limit of the fractal dimension is at least 1.050, especially at least 1.100, and the upper limit of the fractal dimension is at most 1.250.
  • the “fractal dimension” can be obtained, for example, by a box counting method. Specifically, for example, a TEM photograph (transmission electron microscopic photograph) of an adhesion reaction layer is subjected to image processing to extract a curved line along its interface. The fractal dimension of the extracted curved line is then obtained by the box counting method. In this box counting method, the curved line is divided into small square regions (boxes) each having one side with a length of “r”, and while the length “r” is changed, the number of small regions (boxes) each including a segment of the target curved line is counted.
  • the counted number of small regions (boxes) is plotted as ordinate and the length of “r” at the time of counting is plotted as abscissa on a logarithmic graph, and the fractal dimension is obtained from the inclination of the graph.
  • the average thickness Tn of the adhesion reaction layer 25 can also be obtained from the above-mentioned curved line along the interface shape.
  • the fractal dimension of the interface S of the adhesion reaction layer 25 and the average thickness Tn of the adhesion reaction layer 25 can be adjusted by selecting the conditions of the current density and the diffusion temperature in electroplating for the copper plating and the zinc plating, and also by selecting the current density condition in plating of the third component.
  • the current density in electroplating for the copper plated layer 20 A is raised to the range of 15 to 25 A/dm 2
  • the current density in electroplating for the zinc plated layer 20 B is raised to the range of 40 to 60 A/dm 2
  • the thermal diffusion is performed at a low diffusion temperature within the range of 500 to 550° C.
  • the current density for the copper plated layer is set to about 10 A/dm 2
  • the current density for the zinc plated layer is set to about 20 A/dm 2
  • the diffusion temperature is set to a range of 560 to 600° C.
  • the current density in electroplating for the zinc alloy plated layer 20 D is set to the range of 40 to 60 A/dm 2 , as in the case of the zinc plated layer 20 B.
  • the brass plated layer 16 E may be a ternary alloy plating containing nickel or cobalt.
  • the amount of nickel added is less than 1.0 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the plating, the plated layer 16 E is easy to change to a fragile grain structure after wet heat deterioration and tends to cause peeling from this changed portion.
  • the amount of nickel added exceeds 10.0 parts by weight, the thickness T of the adhesion reaction layer 25 becomes thin to decrease the adhesive strength, and also the plated layer 16 E becomes hard to deteriorate the wire drawing processability.
  • the amount of nickel added is preferably within the range of 1.0 to 10.0 parts by weight.
  • the amount of cobalt added is less than 0.1 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the plating, the plated layer 16 is easy to change to a fragile grain structure after wet heat deterioration and tends to cause peeling from this changed portion.
  • the amount of cobalt added exceeds 5.0 parts by weight, the thickness T of the adhesion reaction layer 25 becomes thin to decrease the adhesive strength, and also the plated layer 16 E becomes hard to deteriorate the wire drawing processability.
  • the amount of cobalt added is preferably within the range of 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight.
  • the rubber-cord complex 9 is applied to a ply for tire reinforcement, particularly a belt ply.
  • the rubber-cord complex 9 can also be applied to other plies for tire reinforcement, such as a carcass ply and a bead reinforcing ply.
  • the metal cord 10 may be used as a bead wire for forming a bead core 5 .
  • the metal cord 10 is made of a single plated wire 17 , and it is considered that the pneumatic tire 1 itself constitutes the rubber-cord complex 9 .
  • the rubber-cord complex 9 is also applicable to a variety of rubber products such as a hose and a industrial belt.
  • the material for the metal element wire 15 can be used, besides steel mentioned above, a variety of metal materials which are capable of forming the brass plated layer 16 , such as aluminum, copper and titanium, and with the use of any of the metal materials, it is possible to effectively exert the above-mentioned action and effect.
  • a brass plated layer was formed on the surface of a steel wire having a diameter of 1.7 mm.
  • the plated wire was then subjected to wire drawing treatment to give a drawn plated wire having a diameter of 0.27 mm.
  • the brass plating was carried out by any of the following methods.
  • a copper plated layer and a zinc plated layer were successively formed and then subjected to a thermal diffusion treatment to form a binary alloy brass plated layer. This method is referred to as a method A.
  • a copper plated layer, a zinc plated layer and a third metal plated layer were successively formed and then subjected to a thermal diffusion treatment to form a ternary alloy plated layer. This method is referred to as a method B.
  • a copper plated layer and a zinc alloy (zinc/nickel alloy or zinc/cobalt alloy) plated layer were successively formed and then subjected to a thermal diffusion treatment to form a ternary alloy plated layer. This method is referred to as a method C.
  • the wet heat adhesive property was measured by allowing the above-mentioned sample to stand in an oven at a temperature of 80° C. and a relative humidity of 95% for 20 days and then subjecting the sample in a wet heat deterioration state to a peeling test.
  • the initial adhesive property was measured by allowing the sample after the vulcanization to natural cooling at ordinary temperature and humidity [20° C., 50% (relative humidity)] and then subjecting it to a peeling test.
  • the peeling test was conducted by peeling the sample from its one end along the rubber/metal cord interface at a speed of 50 mm/min., and the state of the metal cord surface at the interface was evaluated according to the following criteria.
  • a pneumatic tire (size: 195/65R15) using the above-mentioned steel cord as a belt cord was produced according to the following specification, and the high-speed durability of the tire was tested.
  • the number of plies 2 plies Cord angle: (+20°, ⁇ 20°)
  • the number of cords 40 cords/5 cm
  • a drum driving test apparatus Under conditions of an internal pressure of 280 kPa and a load of 492 kgf, a drum driving test apparatus was started at a speed of 170 km/h, and the speed was increased in stages by 10 km/h every 10 minutes. A distance driven until destruction of the tire was measured and shown as an index relative to the result of Comparative Example 1 taken as 100. The larger the value, the better the high-speed durability is.
  • the metal cords of the examples according to the present invention are excellent in adhesive property after wet heat deterioration to the rubber. Further, it can also be confirmed from the high-speed durability test that reduction in adhesive property due to heat can be suppressed to thereby allow improvement in high-speed durability of tires.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
US12/085,546 2005-12-13 2006-11-30 Metal Cord, Rubber-Cord Complex and Pneumatic Tire Using the Same Abandoned US20090025846A1 (en)

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US20120085474A1 (en) * 2010-10-07 2012-04-12 Mahmoud Cherif Assaad Pneumatic tire with a woven metallic reinforcement
US20170137993A1 (en) * 2014-06-18 2017-05-18 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Metallic or metallized, graphenized reinforcement
US9694517B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2017-07-04 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Ready-to-use metal reinforcement the surface of which is provided with metal-sulfide nanoparticles
US11090978B2 (en) 2018-08-31 2021-08-17 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Tungsten wire and elastic component

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US8962152B2 (en) * 2009-09-09 2015-02-24 Bridgestone Corporation Brass-plated steel cord and steel cord-rubber composite, and tire using the same
CA2798131C (en) * 2010-04-30 2018-08-21 Schlumberger Canada Limited Polymer-bonded metallic elements used as strength members, and/or power or data carriers in oilfield cables
JP6137587B2 (ja) * 2011-09-06 2017-05-31 栃木住友電工株式会社 ゴム補強用金属線、その製造方法及びタイヤ
JP5861833B2 (ja) * 2012-04-26 2016-02-16 金井 宏彰 ゴム製品補強用スチールワイヤおよびその製造方法
FR3000107B1 (fr) * 2012-12-20 2015-05-01 Michelin & Cie Sulfuration de surface d'un corps metallique par pyrolyse par projection de flamme
KR101508683B1 (ko) * 2014-11-10 2015-04-07 홍덕산업(주) 고무 보강용 스틸코드 및 그 제조방법
CN105734630B (zh) * 2016-03-08 2018-08-17 上海大学 在低碳钢表面制备高耐腐蚀性的铜锌铜复合镀层的方法
CN107268041B (zh) * 2017-06-14 2019-04-19 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 一种橡胶金属复合件镀锌液及其配制方法与应用
WO2019004392A1 (ja) * 2017-06-30 2019-01-03 株式会社ブリヂストン ゴム物品補強用スチールコードおよびその製造方法
CN107824630B (zh) * 2017-10-23 2019-05-10 江苏兴达钢帘线股份有限公司 一种金属线、其制造方法及轮胎
DE102017218948A1 (de) * 2017-10-24 2019-04-25 Continental Reifen Deutschland Gmbh Fahrzeugluftreifen

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CN101326324B (zh) 2012-10-31
KR101331387B1 (ko) 2013-11-20
US8833420B2 (en) 2014-09-16
EP1975309B1 (de) 2012-01-11
KR20080075877A (ko) 2008-08-19
EP1975309A1 (de) 2008-10-01
CN101326324A (zh) 2008-12-17
EP1975309A4 (de) 2010-03-10
US20120199259A1 (en) 2012-08-09
WO2007069466A1 (ja) 2007-06-21

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