US20070119155A1 - Support structure for muffler - Google Patents

Support structure for muffler Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070119155A1
US20070119155A1 US10/573,655 US57365504A US2007119155A1 US 20070119155 A1 US20070119155 A1 US 20070119155A1 US 57365504 A US57365504 A US 57365504A US 2007119155 A1 US2007119155 A1 US 2007119155A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
muffler
flanges
brackets
support structure
particulate filter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/573,655
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hirofumi Tongu
Masahiro Kimura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hino Motors Ltd
Original Assignee
Hino Motors Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hino Motors Ltd filed Critical Hino Motors Ltd
Publication of US20070119155A1 publication Critical patent/US20070119155A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/0335—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
    • F01N2230/02—Exhaust filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/10—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for avoiding stress caused by expansions or contractions due to temperature variations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/30—Removable or rechangeable blocks or cartridges, e.g. for filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a support structure for a muffler with a particulate filter stored inside, which makes it possible to properly detach or attach the particulate filter.
  • Particulates or particulate matter entrained in exhaust gas from a diesel engine is mainly constituted by carbonic soot and a soluble organic faction (SOF) of high-boiling hydrocarbon and contains a trace of sulfate (misty sulfuric acid fraction).
  • SOF soluble organic faction
  • FIG. 7 a particulate filter 6 is incorporated in an exhaust pipe 4 into which exhaust gas 3 is introduced from a diesel engine 1 via exhaust manifold 2 (see, for example, Reference 1).
  • this kind of particulate filter 6 is fitted by storing it in a muffler 5 for improved mountability to a vehicle since a new space is hardly available in the vehicle for arrangement of the filter 6 .
  • the muffler 5 is suspended from and supported by a vehicle body as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in such a manner that a bracket 7 is welded to an upper peripheral portion of the muffler 5 , the bracket 7 being suspended from and supported by a frame 9 via, for example, a stay 8 ; alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the muffler 5 is encircled and held by a U-bolt 10 , the U-bolt 10 being suspended from and supported by the frame 9 via, for example, the stay 8 (see, for example, Reference 2).
  • the bracket 7 has to be conformed at its lower end with the outer periphery of the cylindrical muffler 5 for welding, which causes the bracket 7 to have a curvature complementary with the outer periphery of the muffler 5 , resulting in problems, i.e., expensive modeling fee and increased manufacturing cost. There is also a problem that stress concentration tends to occur at weld boundaries x.
  • the invention was made in view of the above and has its object to provide a support structure for a muffler with a particulate filter stored inside and properly detachable and attachable, which is low in manufacturing cost, hardly causes stress concentration and readily prevents interference with peripheral devices.
  • the invention is directed to a support structure for a muffler with a particulate filter stored inside, the muffler being divided, at positions in front of and behind the stored filter, into portions, said divided portions being fastened together through flanges thereof for easy detachment and attachment, characterized in that brackets for suspension and support of the muffler from and by a vehicle body are also fastened together upon fastening of the flanges.
  • the brackets may be simplified in shape to an extent that they may be fastened together upon fastening of the flanges. Unlike conventional ones, the brackets do not need to be conformed with an outer periphery of a muffler, resulting in cheap modeling fee and decreased manufacturing cost. Moreover, they need no welding, which preliminarily prevents the problem of stress concentration tending to occur upon welding.
  • each of the brackets may have a lower end formed with an overlap portion for overlapping with corresponding ones of the flanges only at portions thereof adjacent to their tops.
  • the overlap portion is fastened together with the flanges at a position adjacent to the tops of the flanges.
  • the particulate filter may carry oxidation catalyst; the particulate filter may carry NO x absorption reduction catalyst.
  • FIG. 1 A side view showing an example of conventional support structures for mufflers.
  • FIG. 2 A front view of the support structure shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 A side view showing another example of the conventional support structures for mufflers.
  • FIG. 4 A front view of the support structure shown in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 A side view showing an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 A front view of the support structure shown in FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 7 A schematic view showing an example of an arrangement of a particulate filter.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show an embodiment of the invention.
  • a catalytic regeneration type particulate filter 6 integrally carrying oxidation catalyst is stored inside of a muffler 11 incorporated in an exhaust pipe 4 .
  • the particulate filter 6 comprises a porous honeycomb structure made of ceramics with grid-like compartmentalized passages. Alternate ones of the passages have plugged one ends and the remaining passages with unplugged one ends have the plugged other ends such that only exhaust gas 3 passing through porous thin walls which compartmentalize the respective passages is discharged downstream.
  • Oxidation reaction of particulates captured by inside surfaces of the porous thin walls in the particulate filter 6 is accelerated by the oxidation catalyst so that the particulates are ignited and burned even at relatively low temperatures; gradually accumulated within the filter 6 is ash deriving from lubricant and generated in combustion within cylinders, resulting in requirement of direct cleaning such as air cleaning or water washing of the filter 6 or replacement into a new particulate filter 6 .
  • the muffler 11 is divided into three, i.e., front, intermediate and rear portions 12 , 13 and 14 , the portions being detachably fastened together through flanges 12 a , 13 a and 14 a by bolts and nuts, the intermediate portion 13 being the portion for storage of the particulate filter 6 .
  • the particulate filter 6 can be properly taken out wholly together with the intermediate portion 13 for its cleaning or replacement.
  • Front and rear joints comprising flanges 12 a , 13 a and 14 a are fastened together with angled brackets 15 and 16 by bolts and nuts, the brackets 15 and 16 being suspended and supported from and by the frame 9 through stays 8 extending therefrom.
  • brackets 15 and 16 have lower ends formed with overlap portions 15 a and 16 a overlapped with the flanges 12 a , 13 a and 14 a only at position adjacent to tops thereof.
  • the brackets 15 and 16 are fitted by fastening them together with the flanges 12 a , 13 a and 14 a at position adjacent the tops thereof.
  • reference numeral 17 denotes heat insulation material which surrounds an outer periphery of an intermediate portion of the muffler 11 so as to maintain the particulate filter 6 at temperature as high as possible.
  • the support structure for the muffler 11 constructed in this manner makes it possible to simplify the brackets 15 and 16 in shape to an extent fastenable together with the flanges 12 a , 13 a and 14 a upon fastening of the flanges; the brackets are not needed to be conformed with the outer periphery of the muffler 11 unlike the prior art, so that modeling fee is cheap to decrease the manufacturing cost. Moreover, no welding is employed so that preliminarily prevented is a problem that stress concentration tends to occur at weld boundaries.
  • brackets 15 and 16 for fastening of the brackets 15 and 16 together with the flanges 12 a , 13 a and 14 a , relatively small regions to an extent within a diameter of the muffler 11 suffice, which makes it unnecessary to use stays 8 with larger protrusions required in the conventional structures using U-bolts for suspension and support of the brackets 15 and 16 from and by the frame 9 (vehicle body); the brackets may be suspended and supported from and by the frame 9 via the relatively short stays 8 , which can readily prevent interference with the peripheral devices.
  • the brackets 15 and 16 may be simplified in shape so that modeling fee for the brackets 15 and 16 may be cheap to decrease the manufacturing cost. Furthermore, no welding is employed for fitting of the brackets so that preliminarily prevented is a problem on mechanical strength that stress concentration tends to occur at weld boundaries, thereby providing the support structure with which stress concentration hardly occurs.
  • the muffler support structure is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment and that various changes and modifications may be effected within the gist of the invention.
  • the muffler may be of any shape such as of oval section other than cylindrical.
  • the particulate filter may not necessarily have oxidation catalyst.
  • the filter may carry NO x absorption reduction catalyst so as to attain concurrent reduction of particulate and NO x .
US10/573,655 2003-10-08 2004-07-12 Support structure for muffler Abandoned US20070119155A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003-349271 2003-10-08
JP2003349271A JP4392217B2 (ja) 2003-10-08 2003-10-08 マフラの支持構造
PCT/JP2004/009941 WO2005035966A1 (ja) 2003-10-08 2004-07-12 マフラの支持構造

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20070119155A1 true US20070119155A1 (en) 2007-05-31

Family

ID=34430999

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/573,655 Abandoned US20070119155A1 (en) 2003-10-08 2004-07-12 Support structure for muffler

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20070119155A1 (ja)
EP (1) EP1672207B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP4392217B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR20060117318A (ja)
CN (1) CN100419246C (ja)
WO (1) WO2005035966A1 (ja)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090107752A1 (en) * 2007-10-26 2009-04-30 Dusa Ii James R Exhaust system protection device
US20090152038A1 (en) * 2007-12-17 2009-06-18 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Exhaust system for motorcycle and motorcycle including the same
US20110036130A1 (en) * 2009-08-17 2011-02-17 Karla Jean Hisler Catalytic converter theft deterrent device
US20110154810A1 (en) * 2008-09-18 2011-06-30 Yanmar Co., Ltd. Engine device
US20110253471A1 (en) * 2007-10-26 2011-10-20 Dusa Ii James R Exhaust system protection device
US20120011833A1 (en) * 2009-03-26 2012-01-19 Komatsu Ltd. Exhaust Gas Purifying Device for Internal Combustion Engine
US20120137665A1 (en) * 2010-12-02 2012-06-07 J. Eberspaecher Gmbh & Co. Kg Vehicle component
WO2014088767A1 (en) * 2012-12-03 2014-06-12 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Exhaust component mounting structure
US8821608B2 (en) 2009-07-02 2014-09-02 Yanmar Co., Ltd. Exhaust gas purification device
US20140262169A1 (en) * 2013-03-18 2014-09-18 Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG Insulation
US20190264595A1 (en) * 2016-08-19 2019-08-29 Kohler Co. System and method for low co emission engine
US10900398B2 (en) * 2018-05-15 2021-01-26 Christopher Dean Muffler filter
US11208941B2 (en) * 2017-04-20 2021-12-28 Faurecia Systemes D'echappement Part of an exhaust line, and manufacturing process of said part

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FR2919340B1 (fr) * 2007-07-23 2011-03-18 Faurecia Sys Echappement Volume d'echappement d'une ligne d'echappement de vehicule automobile et procede de fabrication d'un tel volume d'echappement.
JP5252904B2 (ja) * 2007-12-19 2013-07-31 日野自動車株式会社 排気浄化装置
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JP5401944B2 (ja) * 2008-11-25 2014-01-29 コベルコ建機株式会社 建設機械のマフラー取付装置
JP4981016B2 (ja) * 2008-12-12 2012-07-18 日立建機株式会社 排気ガス浄化装置
KR101528371B1 (ko) * 2008-12-15 2015-06-12 두산인프라코어 주식회사 차량의 분리 가능한 머플러 장치
JP2010229856A (ja) * 2009-03-26 2010-10-14 Komatsu Ltd 内燃機関の排気ガス浄化装置
CN101694174B (zh) * 2009-09-30 2011-07-06 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 一种催化器总成安装加强结构
JP5849136B2 (ja) * 2010-01-14 2016-01-27 株式会社クボタ 排気処理装置付きエンジン
JP5616194B2 (ja) * 2010-01-14 2014-10-29 株式会社クボタ 排気処理装置付きエンジン
JP5422528B2 (ja) * 2010-09-15 2014-02-19 株式会社クボタ 排気処理装置付きエンジンとその排気処理装置の取り付け方法
WO2012043137A1 (ja) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 株式会社クボタ 排気処理装置付きエンジン
JP2012077621A (ja) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-19 Kubota Corp 排気処理装置付きエンジン
JP2012077622A (ja) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-19 Kubota Corp 排気処理装置付きエンジン
JP5748263B2 (ja) * 2011-01-11 2015-07-15 ヤンマー株式会社 排気ガス浄化装置
JP6137739B2 (ja) * 2011-07-08 2017-05-31 三菱マヒンドラ農機株式会社 作業車両
JP5636358B2 (ja) * 2011-12-22 2014-12-03 ヤンマー株式会社 エンジン装置
JP5364149B2 (ja) * 2011-12-22 2013-12-11 ヤンマー株式会社 排気ガス浄化装置
JP2012251564A (ja) * 2012-09-28 2012-12-20 Yanmar Co Ltd エンジン装置
JP2014114717A (ja) * 2012-12-07 2014-06-26 Hino Motors Ltd 折り返し流路及びこれを備えた排気浄化装置
JP2014040834A (ja) * 2013-09-30 2014-03-06 Yanmar Co Ltd エンジン装置
JP2014122634A (ja) * 2014-01-28 2014-07-03 Yanmar Co Ltd エンジン装置
JP5898714B2 (ja) * 2014-03-07 2016-04-06 ヤンマー株式会社 エンジン装置
EP3194736A1 (en) * 2014-08-25 2017-07-26 Haldor Topsøe A/S Method and system for the removal of particulate matter and heavy metals from engine exhaust gas
JP6558993B2 (ja) * 2015-07-23 2019-08-14 日野自動車株式会社 排気浄化装置の連結構造
JP6537923B2 (ja) * 2015-08-07 2019-07-03 日野自動車株式会社 溶接部品の取付構造
KR102313869B1 (ko) * 2017-10-25 2021-10-15 엘에스엠트론 주식회사 농업용 작업차량의 배기장치 및 농업용 작업차량
US20190323410A1 (en) * 2018-04-18 2019-10-24 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Self-aligning mount
CN108533361A (zh) * 2018-04-27 2018-09-14 艾蓝腾新材料科技(上海)有限公司 一种独立的dpf再生系统
CN110185518A (zh) * 2019-05-24 2019-08-30 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 后处理集成装置及柴油机

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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110253471A1 (en) * 2007-10-26 2011-10-20 Dusa Ii James R Exhaust system protection device
US20090107752A1 (en) * 2007-10-26 2009-04-30 Dusa Ii James R Exhaust system protection device
US8453784B2 (en) * 2007-10-26 2013-06-04 II James R. Dusa Exhaust system protection device
US7971676B2 (en) * 2007-10-26 2011-07-05 Dusa Ii James R Exhaust system protection device
US20090152038A1 (en) * 2007-12-17 2009-06-18 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Exhaust system for motorcycle and motorcycle including the same
US7950487B2 (en) * 2007-12-17 2011-05-31 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Exhaust system for motorcycle and motorcycle including the same
US20110154810A1 (en) * 2008-09-18 2011-06-30 Yanmar Co., Ltd. Engine device
US9322310B2 (en) * 2008-09-18 2016-04-26 Yanmar Co., Ltd. Engine device
US20120011833A1 (en) * 2009-03-26 2012-01-19 Komatsu Ltd. Exhaust Gas Purifying Device for Internal Combustion Engine
US8943813B2 (en) * 2009-03-26 2015-02-03 Komatsu Ltd. Exhaust gas purifying device for internal combustion engine
US8821608B2 (en) 2009-07-02 2014-09-02 Yanmar Co., Ltd. Exhaust gas purification device
US20110036130A1 (en) * 2009-08-17 2011-02-17 Karla Jean Hisler Catalytic converter theft deterrent device
US20120137665A1 (en) * 2010-12-02 2012-06-07 J. Eberspaecher Gmbh & Co. Kg Vehicle component
US9249713B2 (en) * 2010-12-02 2016-02-02 Eberspaecher Exhaust Technology Gmbh & Co. Kg Vehicle component
WO2014088767A1 (en) * 2012-12-03 2014-06-12 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Exhaust component mounting structure
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KR20060117318A (ko) 2006-11-16
EP1672207A1 (en) 2006-06-21
WO2005035966A1 (ja) 2005-04-21
EP1672207A4 (en) 2009-12-23
CN1864004A (zh) 2006-11-15
CN100419246C (zh) 2008-09-17
EP1672207B1 (en) 2012-02-15
JP4392217B2 (ja) 2009-12-24
JP2005113795A (ja) 2005-04-28

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