US20070099983A1 - Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof - Google Patents

Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20070099983A1
US20070099983A1 US10/555,364 US55536403A US2007099983A1 US 20070099983 A1 US20070099983 A1 US 20070099983A1 US 55536403 A US55536403 A US 55536403A US 2007099983 A1 US2007099983 A1 US 2007099983A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
compound
formula
under suitable
suitable conditions
substantially pure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/555,364
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
G.M. Barrett
Lewis Choi
Dough Chou
Grace Jung
Bertrand Plouvier
Yuzhong Liu
Jeff Zhu
Tao Sheng
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cardiome Pharma Corp
Original Assignee
Cardiome Pharma Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cardiome Pharma Corp filed Critical Cardiome Pharma Corp
Priority to US10/555,364 priority Critical patent/US20070099983A1/en
Assigned to CARDIOME PHARMA CORP. reassignment CARDIOME PHARMA CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHOI, LEWIS SIU LEUNG, SHENG, TAO, BARRETT, ANTHONY G. M., ZHU, JEFF JIQUN, CHOU, DOUG TA HUNG, JUNG, GRACE, LIU, YUZHONG, PLOUVIER, BERTRAND M. C.
Priority to US11/690,361 priority patent/US7767830B2/en
Publication of US20070099983A1 publication Critical patent/US20070099983A1/en
Priority to US12/833,423 priority patent/US8163938B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/455—Nicotinic acids, e.g. niacin; Derivatives thereof, e.g. esters, amides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/4965—Non-condensed pyrazines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/06—Antiarrhythmics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D207/12—Oxygen or sulfur atoms

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to aminocyclohexyl ether compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and processes for the synthesis of the aminocyclohexyl ether compounds, and therapeutic uses thereof.
  • Ion channels are ubiquitous membrane proteins in the cells of warm-blooded animals such as mammals. Their critical physiological roles include control of the electrical potential across the membrane, mediation of ionic and fluid balance, facilitation of neuromuscular and neuronal transmission, rapid transmembrane signal transduction, and regulation of secretion and contractility.
  • cardiac ion channels are proteins that reside in the cell membrane and control the electrical activity of cardiac tissue. In response to external stimuli, such as changes in potential across the cell membrane, these ion channels can form a pore through the cell membrane, and allow movement of specific ions into or out of the cell.
  • the integrated behavior of thousands of ion channels in a single cell results in an ionic current, and the integrated behavior of many of these ionic currents makes up the characteristic cardiac action potential.
  • Arrhythmia is a variation from the normal rhythm of the heart beat and generally represents the end product of abnormal ion-channel structure, number or function. Both atrial arrhythmias and ventricular arrhythmias are known. The major cause of fatalities due to cardiac arrhythmias is the subtype of ventricular arrhythmias known as ventricular fibrillation (VF). Conservative estimates indicate that, in the U.S. alone, each year over one million Americans will have a new or recurrent coronary attack (defined as myocardial infarction or fatal coronary heart disease). About 650,000 of these will be first heart attacks and 450,000 will be recurrent attacks. About one-third of the people experiencing these attacks will die of them. At least 250,000 people a year die of coronary heart disease within 1 hour of the onset of symptoms and before they reach a hospital. These are sudden deaths caused by cardiac arrest, usually resulting from ventricular fibrillation.
  • VF ventricular fibrillation
  • Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia seen in clinical practice and is a cause of morbidity in many individuals (Pritchett E. L., N. Engl. J. Med. 327(14):1031 Oct. 1, 1992, discussion 1031-2; Kannel and Wolf, Am. Heart J. 123(1):264-7 January 1992). Its prevalence is likely to increase as the population ages and it is estimated that 3-5% of patients over the age of 60 years have AF (Kannel W. B., Abbot R. D., Savage D. D., McNamara P. M., N. Engl. J. Med. 306(17):1018-22, 1982; Wolf P. A., Abbot R. D., Kannel W.
  • WO95/08544 discloses a class of aminocyclohexylester compounds as useful in the treatment of arrhythmias.
  • WO93/19056 discloses a class of aminocyclohexylamides as useful in the treatment of arrhythmia and in the inducement of local anaesthesia.
  • WO99/50225 discloses a class of aminocyclohexylether compounds as useful in the treatment of arrhythmias.
  • Antiarrhythmic agents have been developed to prevent or alleviate cardiac arrhythmia.
  • Class I antiarrhythmic compounds have been used to treat supraventricular arrhythmias and ventricular arrhythmias. Treatment of ventricular arrhythmia is very important since such an arrhythmia can be fatal.
  • Serious ventricular arrhythmias ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation
  • Ventricular fibrillation often occurs in the setting of acute myocardial ischemia, before infarction fully develops. At present, there is no satisfactory pharmacotherapy for the treatment and/or prevention of ventricular fibrillation during acute ischemia.
  • Class I antiarrhythmic compounds may actually increase mortality in patients who have had a myocardial infarction.
  • Class Ia, Ic and III antiarrhythmic drugs have been used to convert recent onset AF to sinus rhythm and prevent recurrence of the arrhythmia (Fuch and Podrid, 1992; Nattel S., Hadjis T., Talajic M., Drugs 48(3):345-71, 1994).
  • drug therapy is often limited by adverse effects, including the possibility of increased mortality, and inadequate efficacy (Feld G. K., Circulation. 83(6):2248-50, 1990; Coplen S. E., Antman E. M., Berlin J. A., Hewitt P., Chalners T. C., Circulation 1991; 83(2):714 and Circulation 82(4):1106-16, 1990; Flaker G.
  • Class III antiarrhythmics appear to be more effective for terminating atrial flutter than for AF and are generally regarded as less effective than Class I drugs for terminating of AF (Nattel S., Hadjis T., Talajic M., Drugs. 48(3):345-71, 1994; Capucci A., Aschieri D., Villani G. Q., Drugs & Aging 13(1):51-70, 1998).
  • Examples of such drugs include ibutilide, dofetilide and sotalol. Conversion rates for these drugs range between 30-50% for recent onset AF (Capucci A., Aschieri D., Villani G.
  • the present invention fulfills this need, and further provides other related advantages.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IA), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof:
  • R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IB), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof:
  • R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IC), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof:
  • R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (ID), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof:
  • R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof:
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, with the proviso that R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen.
  • the present invention provides a compound or any salt thereof, or any solvate thereof, or mixture comprising one or more said compounds or any salt thereof, or any solvate thereof, selected from the group consisting of: Structure Chemical name (1R,2R)/(1S,2S)-2-[(3R)/(3S)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1- (3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane (1R,2R)/(1S,2S)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4- dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane (1R,2R)/(1S,2S)-2-[(3S)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4- dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane (1R,2R)-2-[(3S)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,
  • the present invention provides a composition that includes one or more of the compounds listed in the above table, or includes a solvate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of one or more of the compounds listed in the above table.
  • the composition may or may not include additional components as is described elsewhere in detail in this patent.
  • the present invention provides a compound, or mixture comprising compounds, or any solvate thereof, selected from the group consisting of: Cpd. # Structure Chemical name 1 (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4- dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride 2 (1S,2S)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4- dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride 3 (1R,2R)/(1S,2S)-2-[(3R)/(3S)- Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4- dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride 4 (1R,2R)/(1S,2S)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1- (3,4-d
  • the present invention provides a composition that includes one or more of the compounds listed in the above table, or includes a solvate of one or more of the compounds listed in the above table.
  • the composition may or may not include additional components as is described elsewhere in detail in this patent.
  • the present invention provides a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane free base or any salt thereof, or any solvate thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3S)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane free base or any salt thereof, or any solvate thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound which is (1S,2S)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane free base or any salt thereof, or any solvate thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound which is (1S,2S)-2-[(3S)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane free base or any salt thereof, or any solvate thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3S)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound which is (1S,2S)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound which is (1S,2S)-2-[(3S)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof.
  • the present invention also provides protenated versions of all of the compounds described in this patent. That is, for each compound described in this patent, the invention also includes the quaternary protenated amine form of the compound. These quaternary protenated amine form of the compounds may be present in the solid phase, for example in crystalline or amorphous form, and may be present in solution. These quaternary protenated amine form of the compounds may be associated with pharmaceutically acceptable anionic counter ions, including but not limited to those described in for example: “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts, Properties, Selection, and Use”, P. Heinrich Stahl and Camille G. Wermuth (Eds.), Published by VHCA (Switzerland) and Wiley-VCH (FRG), 2002.
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds, selected from any of the compounds described in this patent or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier diluent or excipient
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, or metabolite thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, or metabolite thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and further
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof; in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • the present invention provides one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above, for use in methods for modulating ion channel activity in a warm-blooded animal or for modulating ion channel activity in vitro.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or
  • the warm-blooded animal in which the ion channel activity is modulated is a mammal; in one version, the warm-blooded animal is a human; in one version, the warm-blooded animal is a farm animal.
  • a variety of cardiac pathological conditions may be treated and/or prevented by the use of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and
  • the ion currents referred to herein are generally cardiac currents and more specifically, are the sodium currents and early repolarising currents.
  • the pathological conditions that may be treated and/or prevented by the present invention may include, but are not limited to, various cardiovascular diseases.
  • the cardiac pathological conditions that may be treated and/or prevented by the present invention may include, but are not limited to, arrhythmias such as the various types of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, e.g. atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular flutter.
  • arrhythmias such as the various types of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, e.g. atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular flutter.
  • the present invention provides ion channel modulating compounds that can be used to selectively inhibit cardiac early repolarising currents and cardiac sodium currents under conditions where an “arrhythmogenic substrate” is present in the heart.
  • An “arrhythmogenic substrate” is characterized by a reduction in cardiac action potential duration and/or changes in action potential morphology, premature action potentials, high heart rates and may also include increased variability in the time between action potentials and an increase in cardiac milieu acidity due to ischaemia or inflammation. Changes such as these are observed during conditions of myocardial ischaemia or inflammation and those conditions that precede the onset of arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation.
  • the present invention provides a method for modulating ion channel activity in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form,
  • the present invention provides a method for modulating ion channel activity in an in vitro setting comprising administering in vitro an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite
  • the present invention provides a method for blocking/inhibiting the activity/conductance of ion channel in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer,
  • the present invention provides a method for modulating potassium ion channel activity in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form,
  • the present invention provides a method for modulating cardiac sodium currents activity in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form,
  • the present invention provides a method for modulating cardiac early repolarising currents and cardiac sodium currents ion channel activity in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric is
  • the present invention provides a method for treating and/or preventing arrhythmia in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous
  • the present invention provides a method for treating and/or preventing arrhythmia in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those selected from the group consisting of:
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that contain one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof as described above, in an amount effective to treat a disease or condition in a warm-blooded animal suffering from or having the disease or condition, and/or prevent a disease or condition in a warm-blooded animal that would otherwise occur, and further contains a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier diluent or excipient
  • the invention further provides for methods of treating a disease or condition in a warm-blooded animal suffering from or having the disease or condition, and/or preventing a disease or condition from arising in a warm-blooded animal, wherein a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above, is administered to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or
  • examples of some of the diseases, disorders and conditions to which the compounds, compositions, medicaments and methods of the present invention have applicability are as follows: arrhythmia, atrial arrhythmia; ventricular arrhymia, atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular flutter, diseases of the central nervous system, convulsion, epileptic spasms, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, respiratory disorders, cystic fibrosis, asthma, cough, inflammation, arthritis, allergies, gastrointestinal disorders, urinary incontinence, irritable bowel syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, cerebral or myocardial ischemias, hypertension, long-QT syndrome, stroke, migraine, ophthamic diseases, diabetes mellitus, myopathies, Becker's myotonia, myasthenia gravis, paramyotonia congentia, malignant hyperthermia, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, Thomsen's myotonia
  • the compounds of the present invention may be used to treat and/or prevent arrhythmia, atrial arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, atrial flutter, or ventricular flutter; in another version the compounds may be used to treat arrhythmia, atrial arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, atrial flutter, or ventricular flutter; in another version the compounds may be used to prevent arrhythmia, atrial arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, atrial flutter, or ventricular flutter.
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament containing an amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof as described above, effective to produce analgesia or local anesthesia in a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier diluent, or excipient
  • the invention further provides a method for producing, analgesia or local anesthesia in a warm-blooded animal which includes administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • These compositions, medicaments and methods may be used to relieve or forestall the sensation of pain in a warm-blooded animal.
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament containing an amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof as described above, effective to enhance the libido in a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier diluent, or excipient.
  • the invention further provides a method for enhancing libido in a warm-blooded animal which includes administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric iso
  • compositions and methods may be used, for example, to treat a sexual dysfunction, e.g., impotence in males, and/or to enhance the sexual desire of a patient without a sexual dysfunction.
  • a sexual dysfunction e.g., impotence in males
  • the therapeutically effective amount may be administered to a bull (or other breeding stock), to promote increased semen ejaculation, where the ejaculated semen is collected and stored for use as it is needed to impregnate female cows in promotion of a breeding program.
  • the compounds of the present invention are effective antiarrhythmic agents.
  • the compounds according to the present invention have been found to exhibit advantageously low Central Nervous System (CNS) toxicity whilst retaining high antiarrhythmic activity.
  • CNS Central Nervous System
  • the present invention provides methods for the synthesis of compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (D), or (IE), and in particular methods for the synthesis of the compounds;
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a reaction sequence whereby the following aminocyclohexyl ether compounds of the present invention may be synthesized:
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a synthetic methodology that may be employed to prepare a trans-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a synthetic methodology for preparing amine 1e required for the formation of amino alcohol 2e (as shown in FIG. 2 ).
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a synthetic sequence that may be used to prepare a cis-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of the present invention such as compound 25.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57).
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure tans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57).
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57).
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 20 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57).
  • FIG. 21 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 22 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 23 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 25 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57).
  • FIG. 26 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 27 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 28 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 29 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 30 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57).
  • FIG. 31 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 32 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 33 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 34 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 35 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 36 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 37 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (55).
  • FIG. 38 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (64).
  • FIG. 39 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (67).
  • FIG. 40 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (71).
  • FIG. 41 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (53).
  • FIG. 42 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (62).
  • FIG. 43 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (52).
  • FIG. 44 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (61).
  • FIG. 45 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75).
  • FIG. 46 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 47 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 48 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 49 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 50 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75).
  • FIG. 51 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 52 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 53 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 54 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 55 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75).
  • FIG. 56 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 57 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 58 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 59 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 60 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75).
  • FIG. 61 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 62 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 63 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 64 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 65 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75).
  • FIG. 66 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 67 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 68 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 69 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 70 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75).
  • FIG. 71 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 72 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 73 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 74 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 75 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 76 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 77 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (74).
  • FIG. 78 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (78).
  • FIG. 79 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (80).
  • FIG. 80 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (82).
  • FIG. 81 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (73).
  • FIG. 82 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (77).
  • FIG. 83 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (72).
  • FIG. 84 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (76).
  • FIG. 85 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57).
  • FIG. 86 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 87 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 88 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 89 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57).
  • FIG. 90 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 91 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 92 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 93 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57).
  • FIG. 94 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 95 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (55).
  • FIG. 96 illustrates general a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (55).
  • FIG. 97 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (64).
  • FIG. 98 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (64).
  • FIG. 99 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (64).
  • FIG. 100 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (85) and a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (86).
  • FIG. 101 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (62) and a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (89).
  • FIG. 102 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (87) and a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (90).
  • FIG. 103 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (62) and a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (87).
  • FIG. 104 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75).
  • FIG. 105 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 106 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 107 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 108 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75).
  • FIG. 109 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 110 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 111 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 112 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75).
  • FIG. 113 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75).
  • FIG. 114 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 115 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 116 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (74).
  • FIG. 117 illustrates general a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (74).
  • FIG. 118 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (78).
  • FIG. 119 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (78).
  • FIG. 120 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (78).
  • FIG. 121 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57).
  • FIG. 122 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 123 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 124 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57).
  • FIG. 125 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 126 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 127 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57).
  • FIG. 128 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 129 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 130 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57).
  • FIG. 131 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 132 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 133 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57).
  • FIG. 134 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 135 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 136 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57).
  • FIG. 137 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (66).
  • FIG. 138 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1R,2R)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (69).
  • FIG. 139 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (55).
  • FIG. 140 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (64).
  • FIG. 141 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (94).
  • FIG. 142 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (98).
  • FIG. 143 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (93).
  • FIG. 144 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (97).
  • FIG. 145 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (92).
  • FIG. 146 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (96).
  • FIG. 147 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75).
  • FIG. 148 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 149 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 150 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75).
  • FIG. 151 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 152 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 153 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75).
  • FIG. 154 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 155 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 156 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75).
  • FIG. 157 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 158 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 159 illustrates a general reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75).
  • FIG. 160 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (79).
  • FIG. 161 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans-(1S,2S)-aminocyclohexylether compound of formula (81).
  • FIG. 162 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (74).
  • FIG. 163 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (78).
  • FIG. 164 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (84).
  • FIG. 165 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (62).
  • FIG. 166 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (99).
  • FIG. 167 illustrates a reaction scheme that may be used as a process for preparing a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (100).
  • the present invention is directed to aminocyclohexyl ether compounds of formula such as (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), methods of manufacture thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing the aminocyclohexyl ether compounds, and various uses for the compounds and compositions.
  • uses include the treatment of arrhythmias, ion channel modulation and other uses as described herein.
  • aminocyclohexyl ether compounds of the invention have an ether oxygen atom at position 1 of a cyclohexane ring, and an amine nitrogen atom at position 2 of the cyclohexane ring, with other positions numbered in corresponding order as shown below in structure (A):
  • bonds from the cyclohexane ring to the 1-oxygen and 2-nitrogen atoms in the above formula may be relatively disposed in either a cis or trans relationship.
  • the stereochemistry of the amine and ether substituents of the cyclohexane ring is either (R,R)-trans or (S,S)-trans.
  • the stereochemistry is either (R,S)-cis or (S,R)-cis.
  • a wavy bond from a substituent to the central cyclohexane ring indicates that that group may be located on either side of the plane of the central ring.
  • a wavy bond is shown intersecting a ring, this indicates that the indicated substituent group may be attached to any position on the ring capable of bonding to the substituent group and that the substituent group may lie above or below the plane of the ring system to which it is bound.
  • a full wedge bond means above the ring plane, and a dashed wedge bond means below the ring plane; one full bond and one dashed bond (i.e., -----) means a trans configuration, whereas two full bonds or two dashed bonds means a cis configuration.
  • a bond to a substituent and/or a bond that links a molecular fragment to the remainder of a compound may be shown as intersecting one or more bonds in a ring structure. This indicates that the bond may be attached to any one of the atoms that constitutes the ring structure, so long as a hydrogen atom could otherwise be present at that atom. Where no particular substituent(s) is identified for a particular position in a structure, then hydrogen(s) is present at that position.
  • group (B) is intended to encompass groups wherein any ring atom that could otherwise be substituted with hydrogen, may instead be substituted with either R 3 , R 4 or R 5 , with the proviso that each of R 3 , R 4 and R 5 appears once and only once on the ring. Ring atoms that are not substituted with any of R 3 , R 4 or R 5 are substituted with hydrogen.
  • the functional groups may be present at different atoms of the ring, or on the same atom of the ring, so long as that atom could otherwise be substituted with a hydrogen atom.
  • the compounds of the present invention contain at least two asymmetric carbon atoms and thus exist as enantiomers and diastereomers. Unless otherwise indicated, the present invention includes all enantiomeric and diastereomeric forms of the aminocyclohexyl ether compounds of the invention. Pure stereoisomers, mixtures of enantiomers and/or diastereomers, and mixtures of different compounds of the invention are included within the present invention. Thus, compounds of the present invention may occur as racemates, racemic mixtures and as individual diastereomers, or enantiomers, unless a specific stereoisomer enantiomer or diastereomer is identified, with all isomeric forms being included in the present invention.
  • racemate or racemic mixture does not imply a 50:50 mixture of stereoisomers.
  • phrase “stereoisomerically substantially pure” generally refers to those asymmetric carbon atoms that are described or illustrated in the structural formulae for that compound.
  • a compound designated with the formula includes at least three chiral centers (the cyclohexyl carbon bonded to the oxygen, the cyclohexyl carbon bonded to the nitrogen, and the pyrrolidinyl carbon bonded to the oxygen) and therethore has at least eight separate stereoisomers, which are (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(R 3 , R 4 and R 5 substituted phenethoxy)-cyclohexane; (1R,2R)-2-[(3S)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(R 3 , R 4 and R 5 substituted phenethoxy)-cyclohexane; (1S,2S)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(R 3 , R 4 and R 5 substituted phenethoxy)-cyclohexane; (1S,2S)-2-[(3R)
  • a compound designated with the chemical formula (1R,2R)/(1S,2S)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane means a composition that includes a component that is either one of the two pure enantiomeric forms of the indicated compound (i.e., (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)cyclohexane or (1S,2S)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane) or is a racemic mixture of the two pure enantiomeric forms, where the racemic mixture can include any relative amount of the two pure enantiomeric forms
  • independently at each occurrence is intended to mean (i) when any variable occurs more than one time in a compound of the invention, the definition of that variable at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence; and (ii) the identity of any one of two different variables (e.g., R 1 within the set R 1 and R 2 ) is selected without regard the identity of the other member of the set.
  • substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in compounds that do not violate the standard rules of chemical valency.
  • Acid addition salts refers to those salts which retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the free bases and which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable, formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, or organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid and the like, and include but not limited to those described in for example: “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts, Properties, Selection, and Use”, P. Heinrich Stahl and Camille G. Wermuth (Eds.), Published by VHCA (Switzerland) and Wiley-VCH (FRG)
  • alkoxy refers to an oxygen (O)-atom substituted by an alkyl group, for example, alkoxy can include but is not limited to methoxy, which may also be denoted as —OCH 3 , —OMe or a C 1 alkoxy.
  • Modulating in connection with the activity of an ion channel means that the activity of the ion channel may be either increased or decreased in response to administration of a compound or composition or method of the present invention.
  • the ion channel may be activated, so as to transport more ions, or may be blocked (inhibited), so that fewer or no ions are transported by the channel.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers” for therapeutic use are well known in the pharmaceutical art, and are described, for example, in Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences , Mack Publishing Co. (A. R. Gennaro edit. 1985).
  • sterile saline and phosphate-buffered saline at physiological pH may be used.
  • Preservatives, stabilizers, dyes and even flavoring agents may be provided in the pharmaceutical composition.
  • sodium benzoate, sorbic acid and esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid may be added as preservatives. Id. at 1449.
  • antioxidants and suspending agents may be used. Id.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to salts of the compounds of the present invention derived from the combination of such compounds and an organic or inorganic acid (acid addition salts) or an organic or inorganic base (base addition salts).
  • Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salt include but not limited to those described in for example: “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts, Properties, Selection, and Use”, P. Heinrich Stahl and Camille G. Wermuth (Eds.), Published by VHCA (Switzerland) and Wiley-VCH (FRG), 2002.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be used in either the free base or salt forms, with both forms being considered as being within the scope of the present invention.
  • the “therapeutically effective amount” of a compound of the present invention will depend on the route of administration, the type of warm-blooded animal being treated, and the physical characteristics of the specific warm-blooded animal under consideration. These factors and their relationship to determining this amount are well known to skilled practitioners in the medical arts. This amount and the method of administration can be tailored to achieve optimal efficacy but will depend on such factors as weight, diet, concurrent medication and other factors which those skilled in the medical arts will recognize.
  • compositions described herein as “containing a compound of for example formula (IA)” encompass compositions that contain more than one compound of formula (IA).
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IA), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof:
  • R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IA), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IA), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IA), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IA), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from C 1 -C 6 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IA), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from C 1 -C 6 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IA), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are C 1 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IA), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are C 1 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (13), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof:
  • R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IB), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IB), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IB), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IB), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from C 1 -C 6 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IB), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from C 1 -C 6 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IB), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are C 1 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (113), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are C 1 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IC), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof:
  • R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IC), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IC), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IC), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IC), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from C 1 -C 6 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IC), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from C 1 -C 6 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IC), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are C 1 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IC), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are C 1 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (ID), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof: wherein, R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (ID), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (ID), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (ID), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (ID), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from C 1 -C 6 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (ID), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from C 1 -C 6 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (ID), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are C 1 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (ID), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 are C 1 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof:
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydroxy and C 1 -C 3 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from C 1 -C 6 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from C 1 -C 3 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 4 and R 5 are C 1 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, wherein, R 4 and R 5 are C 1 alkoxy.
  • the present invention provides a compound or any salt thereof, or any solvate thereof, or mixture comprising one or more said compounds or any salt thereof, or any solvate thereof, selected from the group consisting of: Structure Chemical name (1R,2R)/(1S,2S)-2-[(3R)/(3S)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1- (3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane (1R,2R)/(1S,2S)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4- dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane (1R,2R)/(1S,2S)-2-[(3S)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4- dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane (1R,2R)-2-[(3S)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,
  • the present invention provides a composition that includes one or more of the compounds listed in the above table, or includes a solvate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of one or more of the compounds listed in the above table.
  • the composition may or may not include additional components as is described elsewhere in detail in this patent.
  • the present invention provides a compound, or mixture comprising compounds, or any solvate thereof, selected from the group consisting of: Cpd. # Structure Chemical name 1 (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4- dimethyoxyphenethoxy)-cylcohexane monohydrochloride 2 (1S,2S)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4- dimethyoxyphenethoxy)-cylcohexane monohydrochloride 3 (1R,2R)/(1S,2S)-2-[(3R)/(3S)- Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4- dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride 4 (1R,2R)/(1S,2S)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1
  • the present invention provides a composition that includes one or more of the compounds listed in the above table, or includes a solvate of one or more of the compounds listed in the above table.
  • the composition may or may not include additional components as is described elsewhere in detail in this patent.
  • the present invention provides a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane free base or any salt thereof, or any solvate thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3S)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane free base or any salt thereof, or any solvate thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound which is (1S,2S)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane free base or any salt thereof, or any solvate thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound which is (1S,2S)-2-[(3S)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane free base or any salt thereof, or any solvate thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3S)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound which is (1S,2S)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound which is (1S,2S)-2-[(3S)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof.
  • the present invention also provides protenated versions of all of the compounds described in this patent. That is, for each compound described in this patent, the invention also includes the quaternary protenated amine form of the compound. These quaternary protenated amine form of the compounds may be present in the solid phase, for example in crystalline or amorphous form, and may be present in solution. These quaternary protenated amine form of the compounds may be associated with pharmaceutically acceptable anionic counter ions, including but not limited to those described in for example: “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts, Properties, Selection, and Use”, P. Heinrich Stahl and Camille G. Wermuth (Eds.), Published by VHCA (Switzerland) and Wiley-VCH (FERG), 2002.
  • aminocyclohexyl ether compounds of the present invention contain amino and ether functional groups disposed in a 1,2 arrangement on a cyclohexane ring. Accordingly, the amino and ether functional groups may be disposed in either a cis or trans relationship, relative to one another and the plane of the cyclohexane ring as shown on the page in a two dimensional representation.
  • the present invention provides synthetic methodology for the preparation of the aminocyclohexyl ether compounds according to the present invention as described herein.
  • the aminocyclohexyl ether compounds described herein may be prepared from aminoalcohols and alcohols by following the general methods described below, and as illustrated in the examples. Some general synthetic processes for aminocyclohexyl ethers have been described in WO 99/50225 and references cited therein. Other processes that may be used for preparing compounds of the present invention are described in the following U.S. provisional patent applications: U.S. 60/476,083, U.S. 60/476,447, U.S. 60/475,884, U.S. 60/475,912 and U.S. 60/489,659, and references cited therein.
  • Trans compounds of the present invention may be prepared in analogy with known synthetic methodology.
  • compounds are prepared by a Williamson ether synthesis (Feuer, H.; Hooz, J. Methods of Formation of the Ether Linkage. In Patai , Wiley: New York, 1967; pp 445-492) between an activated form of aminoalcohol 4R with the alkoxide of 3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl alcohol in a polar solvent such as dimethoxyethane (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether) (DME) ( FIG. 1 ) that provided the corresponding aminoether 5R in high yield.
  • DME dimethoxyethane
  • FIG. 1 polar solvent
  • Subsequent resolution of the diastereomers such as by chromatographic separation (e.g. HPLC) to afford 5RRR and 5SSR followed by hydrogenolysis provided compound 1 and compound 2 respectively.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second general methodology by which compounds of the present invention may be prepared.
  • Compounds of formula (IA), (13), (IC), (ID), or (IE) may be prepared by reduction of the corresponding ketopyrrolidinylcyclohexyl ether compound with NaBH 4 in 2-propanol.
  • Preparation of the starting aminoalcohol 2e requires the preparation of amine 1e, for which suitable method of preparation is illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • 3-Hydroxypyrrolidine 1a was N-protected by carbamoylation with benzylchloroformate to give 1b, Swern oxidation (Mancuso, A. J.; Swern, D. Activated Dimethyl Sulfoxide: Useful Reagents for Synthesis. Synthesis 1981, 165-185) to 1c followed by ketalisation with ethylene glycol provided 1d which was then hydrogenolyzed to give 1e.
  • the present invention provides synthetic processes whereby compounds of formula (57) with trans-(1R,2R) configuration for the ether and amino functional groups may be prepared in stereoisomerically substantially pure form.
  • Compounds of formulae (66), (67), (69) and (71) are some of the examples represented by formula (57).
  • the present invention also provides synthetic processes whereby compounds of formulae (52), (53), and (55) may be synthesized in stereoisomerically substantially pure forms.
  • Compounds (61), (62) and (64) are examples of formulae (52), (53) and (55) respectively.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57) may be carried out by following a process starting from a monohalobenzene (49), wherein X may be F, Cl, Br or I.
  • compound (49) is transformed by well-established microbial oxidation to the cis-cyclohexandienediol (50) in stereoisomerically substantially pure form (T. Hudlicky et al., Aldrichimica Acta, 1999, 32, 35; and references cited therein).
  • compound (50) may be selectively reduced under suitable conditions to compound (51) (e.g. H 2 -Rh/Al 2 O 3 ; Boyd et al. JCS Chem. Commun. 1996, 45-46; Ham and Coker, J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 194-198; and references cited therein).
  • the less hindered hydroxy group of formula (51) is selectively converted under suitable conditions into an activated form as represented by formula (52).
  • An “activated form” as used herein means that the hydroxy group is converted into a good leaving group (NJ) which on reaction with an appropriate nucleophile will result in a substitution product with inversion of the stereochemical configuration.
  • the leaving group may be a mesylate (MsO—) group, a tosylate group (TsO—) or a nosylate (NsO—), or other equivalent good leaving groups.
  • the hydroxy group may also be converted into other suitable leaving groups according to procedures well known in the art.
  • compound (52) is treated with a hydroxy activating reagent such as tosyl chloride (TsCl) in the presence of a base, such as pyridine or triethylamine.
  • a hydroxy activating reagent such as tosyl chloride (TsCl)
  • TsCl tosyl chloride
  • a base such as pyridine or triethylamine.
  • the reaction is generally satisfactorily conducted at about 0° C., but may be adjusted as required to maximize the yields of the desired product.
  • An excess of the hydroxy activating reagent e.g. tosyl chloride
  • transformation of compound (52) to compound (53) may be effected by hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis in the presence of a catalyst under appropriate conditions.
  • Palladium on activated carbon is one example of the catalysts.
  • Hydrogenolysis of alkyl or alkenyl halide such as (52) may be conducted under basic conditions.
  • a base such as sodium ethoxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate or calcium carbonate is some possible examples.
  • the base may be added in one portion or incrementally during the course of the reaction.
  • alkylation of the free hydroxy group in compound (53) to form compound (55) is carried out under appropriate conditions with compound (54), where —O-Q represents a good leaving group on reaction with a hydroxy function with retention of the stereochemical configuration of the hydroxy function in the formation of an ether compound.
  • Trichloroacetimidate is one example for the —O-Q function.
  • Suitable protecting groups are set forth in, for example, Greene, “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991).
  • the resulted compound (55) is treated under suitable conditions with an amino compound of formula (56) to form compound (57) as the product.
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (57) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (56) may be used to maximally convert compound (55) to the product (57).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the product is recovered from the reaction mixture by conventional organic chemistry techniques, and is purified accordingly. Protective groups may be removed at the appropriate stage of the reaction sequence. Suitable methods are set forth in, for example, Greene, “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991).
  • the reaction sequence described above ( FIG. 5 ) generates the compound of formula (57) as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, if desired, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acid under appropriate conditions.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (57):
  • R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen;
  • —O-Q represents a good leaving group on reaction with a hydroxy function with retention of the stereochemical configuration of the hydroxy function in the formation of an ether compound
  • —O-J represents a good leaving group on reaction with a nucleophilic reactant with inversion of the stereochemical configuration as shown in FIG. 5 and all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (66), comprising the steps under suitable conditions as shown in FIG. 6 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out by starting with a biotransformation of chlorobenzene (58) to compound (59) by microorganism such as Pseudomontas putida 39/D. Experimental conditions for the biotransformation are well established (Organic Synthesis, Vol. 76, 77 and T.
  • compound (59) is selectively reduced under suitable conditions to compound (60) (e.g. H 2 -Rh/Al 2 O 3 ; Boyd et al. JCS Chem. Commun. 1996, 45-46; Ham and Coker, J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 194-198; and references cited therein).
  • the less hindered hydroxy group of formula (60) is selectively converted under suitable conditions into an activated form such as the tosylate (TsO—) of formula (61) (e.g. TsCl in the presence of pyridine).
  • compound (61) is converted to compound (62) by reduction such as hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis in the presence of a catalyst under appropriate conditions.
  • a catalyst Palladium on activated carbon is one example of the catalysts.
  • the reduction of compound (61) may be conducted under basic conditions e.g. in the presence of a base such as sodium ethoxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate or calcium carbonate. The base may be added in one portion or incrementally during the course of the reaction.
  • the free hydroxy group in compound (62) is alkylated under appropriate conditions to form compound (64).
  • the trichloroacetimidate (63) is readily prepared from the corresponding alcohol, 3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl alcohol which is commercially available (e.g.
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (66) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (65) may be used to maximally convert compound (64) to the product (66).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the desired product is recovered from the reaction mixture by conventional organic chemistry techniques, and is purified accordingly.
  • the reaction sequence described above in general generates the compound of formula (66) as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acid under appropriate conditions.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 7 , comprising the steps of starting from chlorobenzene (58) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion (i.e. from compound (58) to compound (64)) that is described in FIG. 6 above leading to compound of formula (64).
  • the latter is reacted under suitable conditions with an amino compound of formula (65A) wherein Bn represents a benzyl protection group of the hydroxy function of 3R-pyrrolidinol to form compound (67).
  • Compound (65A) is commercially available (e.g.
  • Aldrich or may be prepared according to published procedure (e.g. Chem. Ber./Recueil 1997, 130, 385-397).
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (67) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (65A) may be used to maximally convert compound (64) to the product (67).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the benzyl (Bn) protection group of compound (67) may be removed by standard procedure (e.g. hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst under appropriate conditions. Palladium on activated carbon is one example of the catalysts.
  • the product is a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) and is generally formed as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, if desired, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acids under appropriate conditions.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 8 , comprising the steps of starting from chlorobenzene (58) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 6 above leading to compound of formula (64). The latter is reacted with an amino compound of formula (68).
  • Compound (68), 3S-pyrrolidinol is commercially available (e.g. Aldrich) or may be prepared according to published procedure (e.g. Chem. Ber./Recueil 1997, 130, 385-397).
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (69) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (68) may be used to maximally convert compound (64) to the product (69).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the product is a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) and is formed as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, if desired, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acid under appropriate conditions.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 9 , comprising the steps of starting from chlorobenzene (58) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 7 above leading to compound of formula (64). The latter is reacted with an amino compound of formula (70) wherein Bn represents a benzyl protection group of the hydroxy function of 3S-pyrrolidinol to form compound (71).
  • Compound (70) is commercially available (e.g. Aldrich) or may be prepared according to published procedure (e.g. Chem.
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (71) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (70) may be used to maximally convert compound (64) to the product (71).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the benzyl (Bn) protection group of compound (71) may be removed by standard procedure (e.g. hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst under appropriate conditions. Palladium on activated carbon is one example of the catalysts.
  • the product is a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) and is generally formed as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, if desired, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acids under appropriate conditions.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 10 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (50) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 5 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 11 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (59) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 6 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • 3-Chloro-(1S,2S)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol of formula (59) is a commercially available product (e.g. Aldrich) or synthesized according to published procedure (e.g. Organic Synthesis, Vol. 76, 77 and T. Hudlicky et al., Aldrichimica Acta, 1999, 32, 35; and references cited therein).
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 12 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (59) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 7 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 13 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (59) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 8 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 14 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (59) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 9 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 15 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (51) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 5 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 16 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (60) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 6 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 17 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (60) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 7 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 18 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (60) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 8 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 19 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (60) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 9 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 20 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (52) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 5 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 21 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (61) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 6 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 22 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (61) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 7 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 23 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (61) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 8 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 24 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (61) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 9 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 25 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (53) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 5 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 26 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (62) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 6 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 27 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (62) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 7 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trails aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 28 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (62) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 8 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 29 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (62) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 9 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 30 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (55) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 5 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 31 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (64) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 6 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 32 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (64) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 7 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure traits aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 33 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (64) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 8 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 34 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (64) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 9 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 35 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (67) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 7 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 36 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (71) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 9 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (55) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 37 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (49) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 5 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (64) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 38 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (58) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 6 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (67) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 39 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (58) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 7 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (71) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 40 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (58) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 9 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (53) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 41 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (49) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 5 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (62) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 42 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (58) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 6 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (52) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 43 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (49) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 5 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (61) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 44 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (58) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 6 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (52), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (53), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (54), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (55), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above with the proviso that when R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are all hydrogen then J is not a methanesulfonyl group.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (61), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (62), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (64), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (67), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides synthetic processes whereby compounds of formula (75) with trans-(1S,2S) configuration for the ether and amino functional groups may be prepared in stereoisomerically substantially pure form.
  • Compounds of formulae (79), (80), (81) and (82) are some of the examples represented by formula (75).
  • the present invention also provides synthetic processes whereby compounds of formulae (72), (73) and (74) may be synthesized in stereoisomerically substantially pure forms.
  • Compounds (76), (77) and (78) are examples of formulae (72), (73) and (74) respectively.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75) may be carried out by following a process starting from a monohalobenzene (49), wherein X may be F, Cl, Br or I.
  • compound (49) is transformed by well-established microbial oxidation to the cis-cyclohexandienediol (50) in stereoisomerically substantially pure form (T. Hudlicky et al., Aldrichimica Acta, 1999, 32, 35; and references cited therein).
  • compound (50) may be selectively reduced under suitable conditions to compound (51) (e.g. H 2 -Rh/Al 2 O 3 ; Boyd et al. JCS Chem. Commun. 1996, 45-46; Ham and Coker, J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 194-198; and references cited therein).
  • compound (51) is converted to compound (72) by reaction with compound (54) under appropriate conditions, where Q represents a good leaving group on reaction with a hydroxy function with retention of the stereochemical configuration of the hydroxy function in the formation of an ether compound.
  • Q represents a good leaving group on reaction with a hydroxy function with retention of the stereochemical configuration of the hydroxy function in the formation of an ether compound.
  • Trichloroacetimidate is one example for the —O-Q function.
  • transformation of compound (72) to compound (73) may be effected by hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis in the presence of a catalyst under appropriate conditions.
  • Palladium on activated carbon is one example of the catalysts.
  • Hydrogenolysis of alkyl or alkenyl halide such as (72) may be conducted under basic conditions.
  • the presence of a base such as sodium ethoxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate or calcium carbonate is some possible examples.
  • the base may be added in one portion or incrementally during the course of the reaction.
  • the hydroxy group of compound (73) is selectively converted under suitable conditions into an activated form as represented by compound (74).
  • an “activated form” as used herein means that the hydroxy group is converted into a good leaving group (—O-J) which on reaction with an appropriate nucleophile will result in a substitution product with inversion of the stereochemical configuration.
  • the leaving group may be a mesylate (MsO—) group, a tosylate group (TsO—) or a nosylate (NsO—).
  • the hydroxy group may also be converted into other suitable leaving groups according to procedures well known in the art.
  • compound (73) is treated with a hydroxy activating reagent such as tosyl chloride (TsCl) in the presence of a base (e.g. pyridine or triethylamine).
  • the reaction is generally satisfactorily conducted at about 0° C., but may be adjusted as required to maximize the yields of the desired product.
  • An excess of the hydroxy activating reagent e.g. tosyl chloride, relative to compound (73) may be used to maximally convert the hydroxy group into the activated form.
  • the resulted compound (74) is treated under suitable conditions with an amino compound of formula (56) to form compound (75) as the product.
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (75) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (56) may be used to maximally convert compound (74) to the product (75).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the product is recovered from the reaction mixture by conventional organic chemistry techniques, and is purified accordingly. Protective groups may be removed at the appropriate stage of the reaction sequence. Suitable methods are set forth in, for example, Greene, “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991).
  • the reaction sequence described above ( FIG. 45 ) generates the compound of formula (75) as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, if desired, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acid under appropriate conditions.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (75):
  • R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen;
  • —O-Q represents a good leaving group on reaction with a hydroxy function with retention of the stereochemical configuration of the hydroxy function in the formation of an ether compound
  • —O-J represents a good leaving group on reaction with a nucleophilic reactant with inversion of the stereochemical configuration as shown in FIG. 45 and all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (79), comprising the steps under suitable conditions as shown in FIG. 46 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out by starting with a biotransformation of chlorobenzene (58) to compound (59) by microorganism such as Pseudomonas putida 39/D. Experimental conditions for the biotransformation are well established (Organic Synthesis, Vol. 76, 77 and T.
  • compound (59) is selectively reduced under suitable conditions to compound (60) (e.g. H 2 -Rh/Al 2 O 3 ; Boyd et al. JCS Chem. Commun. 1996, 45-46; Ham and Coker, J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 194-198; and references cited therein).
  • compound (60) is converted to compound (76) by reaction with compound (63) under appropriate conditions.
  • the trichloroacetimidate (63) is readily prepared from the corresponding alcohol, 3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl alcohol which is commercially available (e.g.
  • compound (76) is converted to compound (77) by reduction such as hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis in the presence of a catalyst under appropriate conditions. Palladium on activated carbon is one example of the catalysts.
  • the reduction of compound (76) may be conducted under basic conditions e.g. in the presence of a base such as sodium ethoxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate or calcium carbonate.
  • the base may be added in one portion or incrementally during the course of the reaction.
  • the hydroxy group of compound (77) is converted under suitable conditions into an activated form such as the tosylate (TsO—) of formula (78) (e.g. TsCl in the presence of pyridine).
  • TsO— tosylate
  • the tosylate group of formula (78) is displaced by an amino compound such as 3R-pyrrolidinol (65) with inversion of configuration.
  • 3R-pyrrolidinol (65) is commercially available (e.g. Aldrich) or may be prepared according to published procedure (e.g. Chem. Ber./Recueil 1997, 130, 385-397).
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (79) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (65) may be used to maximally convert compound (78) to the product (79).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the reaction sequence described above in general generates the compound of formula (79) as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acid under appropriate conditions.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 47 , comprising the steps of starting from chlorobenzene (58) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion (i.e. from compound (58) to compound (78)) that is described in FIG. 46 above leading to compound of formula (78).
  • the latter is reacted under suitable conditions with an amino compound of formula (65A) wherein Bn represents a benzyl protection group of the hydroxy function of 3S-pyrrolidinol to form compound (80).
  • Compound (65A) is commercially available (e.g.
  • Aldrich or may be prepared according to published procedure (e.g. Chem. Ber./Recueil 1997, 130, 385-397).
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (80) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (65A) may be used to maximally convert compound (78) to the product (80).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the benzyl (Bn) protection group of compound (80) may be removed by standard procedure (e.g. hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst under appropriate conditions. Palladium on activated carbon is one example of the catalysts.
  • the product is a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) and is generally formed as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, if desired, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acids under appropriate conditions.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 48 , comprising the steps of starting from chlorobenzene (58) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 46 above leading to compound of formula (78). The latter is reacted with an amino compound of formula (68).
  • Compound (68), 3S-pyrrolidinol is commercially available (e.g. Aldrich) or may be prepared according to published procedure (e.g. Chem. Ber./Recueil 1997, 130, 385-397).
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (81) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (68) may be used to maximally convert compound (78) to the product (81).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the product is a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) and is formed as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, if desired, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acid under appropriate conditions.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 49 , comprising the steps of starting from chlorobenzene (58) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 47 above leading to compound of formula (78). The latter is reacted with an amino compound of formula (70) wherein Bn represents a benzyl protection group of the hydroxy function of 3S-pyrrolidinol to form compound (82).
  • Compound (70) is commercially available (e.g. Aldrich) or may be prepared according to published procedure (e.g. Chem. Ber./Recueil 1997, 130, 385-397).
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (82) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (70) may be used to maximally convert compound (78) to the product (82).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the benzyl (Bn) protection group of compound (82) may be removed by standard procedure (e.g. hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst under appropriate conditions. Palladium on activated carbon is one example of the catalysts. Other suitable conditions are as described in Greene, “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991)).
  • the product is a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) and is generally formed as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, if desired, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acids under appropriate conditions.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 50 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (50) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 45 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 51 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (59) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 46 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • 3-Chloro-(1S,2S)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol of formula (59) is a commercially available product (e.g. Aldrich) or synthesized according to published procedure (e.g. Organic Synthesis, Vol. 76, 77 and T. Hudlicky et al., Aldrichimica Acta, 1999, 32, 35; and references cited therein).
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 52 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (59) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 47 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 53 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (59) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 48 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 54 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (59) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 49 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 55 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (51) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 45 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 56 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (60) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 46 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 57 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (60) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 47 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 58 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (60) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 48 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 59 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (60) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 49 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 60 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (72) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 45 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 61 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (76) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 46 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 62 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (76) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 47 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 63 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (76) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 48 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 64 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (76) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 49 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 65 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (73) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 45 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 66 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (77) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 46 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 67 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (77) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 47 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 68 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (77) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 48 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 69 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (77) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 49 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 70 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (74) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 45 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trails aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 71 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (78) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 46 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 72 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (78) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 47 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure traits aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 73 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (78) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 48 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 74 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (78) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 49 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 75 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (80) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 47 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 76 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (82) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 49 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (74) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 77 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (49) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 45 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (78) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 78 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (58) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 46 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (80) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 79 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (58) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 47 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (82) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 80 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (58) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 49 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (73) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 81 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (49) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 45 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (77) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 82 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (58) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 46 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (72) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 83 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (49) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 45 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (76) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 84 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (58) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 46 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (72), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (73), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (73), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (74), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above with the proviso that when R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are all hydrogen then J is not a methanesulfonyl group.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (76), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (77), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (78), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (80), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides synthetic processes whereby compounds of formula (57) with trans-(1R,2R) configuration for the ether and amino functional groups may be prepared in stereoisomerically substantially pure form.
  • Compound of formula (66) is an example represented by formula (57).
  • the present invention also provides synthetic processes whereby compounds of formula (75) with trans-(1S,2S) configuration for the ether and amino functional groups may be prepared in stereoisomerically substantially pure form.
  • Compound of formula (79) is an example represented by formula (75).
  • the present invention further provides synthetic processes whereby compounds of formulae (85), (86), (55) and (74) may be synthesized in stereoisomerically substantially pure forms.
  • Compounds (62) and (90) are examples of formula (85).
  • Compounds (87) and (89) are examples of formula (86).
  • Compound (64) is an example of formula (55).
  • Compound (78) is an example of formula (74).
  • the aminocyclohexyl ether compounds of the present invention may be used for medical applications, including, for example, cardiac arrhythmia, such as atrial arrhythmia and ventricular arrhythmia.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57) may be carried out by following a process starting from a racemic mixture of meso-cis-1,2-cyclohexandiol (83).
  • Compound (83) is commercially available (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) or can be readily synthesized by published methods (e.g. J. E. Taylor et al., Org. Process Res. & Dev., 1998, 2, 147; Organic Syntheses, CV6, 342).
  • one of the hydroxy groups of compound (83) is converted under suitable conditions into an activated form as represented by the racemic mixture comprises of formulae (53) and (84).
  • An “activated form” as used herein means that the hydroxy group is converted into a good leaving group (—O-J) which on reaction with an appropriate nucleophile will result in a substitution product with inversion of the stereochemical configuration.
  • the leaving group may be any suitable leaving group on reaction with a nucleophilic reactant with inversion of stereochemical configuration known in the art, including but not limited to compounds disclosed in M. D. Smith and J. March in “March's Advanced Organic Chemistry”, Fifth edition, Chapter 10, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y. (2001).
  • Such leaving groups include a mesylate (MsO—) group, a tosylate group (TsO—), a 2-bromophenylsulfonate group, a 4-bromophenylsulfonate group or a nosylate (NsO—) group.
  • MsO— mesylate
  • TsO— tosylate group
  • 2-bromophenylsulfonate group a 4-bromophenylsulfonate group or a nosylate (NsO—) group.
  • the hydroxy group may also be converted into other suitable leaving groups according to procedures well known in the art, using any suitable activating agent, including but not limited to those disclosed in M. B. Smith and J. March in “March's Advanced Organic Chemistry”, Fifth edition, Chapter 10, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y. (2001).
  • compound (83) is treated with a controlled amount of hydroxy activating reagent such as tosyl chloride (TsCl) in the presence of a base, such as pyridine or triethylamine.
  • TsCl hydroxy activating reagent
  • the reaction may be monitored and is generally satisfactorily conducted at about 0° C., but conditions may be adjusted as required to maximize the yields of the desired product.
  • the addition of other reagents to facilitate the formation of the monotosylates may be advantageously employed (e.g. M. J. Martinelli, et al.
  • racemic mixture comprises of formulae (53) and (84) is then subjected to a resolution process whereby the two optically active isomers are separated into products that are in stereoisomerically substantially pure form such as (85) and (86), wherein G and G 1 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 8 acyl, or any other suitable functional groups that are introduced as part of the resolution process necessary for the separation of the two isomers.
  • the resolution process produces compounds of (85) and (86) of sufficient enrichment in their optical purity for application in the subsequent steps of the synthetic process.
  • Methods for resolution of racemic mixtures are well know in the art (e.g. E. L. Eliel and S. H. Wilen, in Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds ; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1994; Chapter 7, and references cited therein).
  • Suitable processes such as enzymatic resolution (e.g. lipase mediated) and chromatographic separation (e.g. HPLC with chiral stationary phase and/or with simulated moving bed technology) are some of the examples that may be applied.
  • compound of formula (85) when G is hydrogen, (85) is the same as compound (53) and in a separate reaction step, alkylation of the free hydroxy group in compound (85) to form compound (55) is carried out under appropriate conditions with compound (54), where —O-Q represents a good leaving group on reaction with a hydroxy function with retention of the stereochemical configuration of the hydroxy function in the formation of an ether compound.
  • the leaving group may be any suitable leaving group known in the art, including but not limited to compounds disclosed in Greene, “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991). Specific examples of -0-Q groups include trichloroacetimidate.
  • Suitable protecting groups are set forth in, for example, Greene, “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991).
  • G is not hydrogen
  • suitable methods are used to convert (85) to compound (53).
  • G is a C 2 acyl function
  • a mild based-catalyzed methanolysis (G. Zemplen et al., Ber., 1936, 69, 1827) may be used to transform (85) to (53). The latter can then undergo the same reaction with (54) to produce (55) as described above.
  • the resulted compound (55) is treated under suitable conditions with an amino compound of formula (56) to form compound (57) as the product.
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (57) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (56) may be used to maximally convert compound (55) to the product (57).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the product is recovered from the reaction mixture by conventional organic chemistry techniques, and is purified accordingly. Protective groups may be removed at the appropriate stage of the reaction sequence. Suitable methods are set forth in, for example, Greene, “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991).
  • the reaction sequence described above ( FIG. 85 ) generates the compound of formula (57) as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, if desired, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acid under appropriate conditions.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (57):
  • R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen;
  • —O-Q represents a good leaving group on reaction with a hydroxy function with retention of the stereochemical configuration of the hydroxy function in the formation of an ether compound
  • —O-J represents a good leaving group on reaction with a nucleophilic reactant with inversion of the stereochemical configuration as shown in FIG. 45 and all the formulae and symbols are as described above, comprising the steps of starting with a compound of formula (83), and following a reaction sequence as outlined in FIG. 85 under suitable conditions, wherein
  • G and G 1 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 8 acyl, or any other suitable functional groups that are introduced as part of the resolution process necessary for the separation of the two isomers;
  • —O-Q represents a good leaving group on reaction with a hydroxy function with retention of the stereochemical configuration of the hydroxy function in the formation of an ether compound, including, but not limited to, those disclosed in “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991); and
  • —O-J represents a good leaving group on reaction with a nucleophilic reactant with inversion of the stereochemical configuration, including, but not limited to, those disclosed in “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991), as shown in FIG. 85 and all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (66), comprising the steps under suitable conditions as shown in FIG. 86 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out by starting with the monotosylation of cis-1,2-cyclohexandiol (83) with TsCl in the presence of Bu 2 SnO and triethylamine under suitable conditions (M. J. Martinelli, et al.
  • racemic mixture of hydroxytosylates comprises of compounds (62) and (87) is subjected to a lipase-mediated resolution process under suitable conditions such as treatment of the racemates (62) and (87) with vinyl acetate (88) in the presence of a lipase derived from Pseudomonas sp. (N. Boaz et al., Tetra.
  • the stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (62) obtained from the resolution process is alkylated under appropriate conditions by treatment with the trichloroacetimidate (63) to form compound (64).
  • Initial non-optimized yields of 60-70% have been achieved, and further optimization is being pursued.
  • the trichloroacetimidate (63) is readily prepared from the corresponding alcohol, 3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl alcohol which is commercially available (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.), by treatment with trichloroacetonitrile.
  • the alkylation of compound (62) by trichloroacetimidate (63) may be carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid such as HBF 4 .
  • the tosylate group of formula (64) is displaced by an amino compound such as 3R-pyrrolidinol (65) with inversion of configuration.
  • 3R-pyrrolidinol (65) is commercially available (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) or may be prepared according to published procedure (e.g. Chem. Ber./Recueil 1997, 130, 385-397).
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (66) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (65) may be used to maximally convert compound (64) to the product (66).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product.
  • the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the desired product is recovered from the reaction mixture by conventional organic chemistry techniques, and is purified accordingly. Initial non-optimized yields of approximately 40% have been achieved, and further optimization is being pursued.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 87 , comprising the steps under suitable conditions as shown in FIG. 87 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out by starting with the monotosylation of the cis-1,2-cyclohexandiol (83) with TsCl in the presence of Bu 2 SnO and triethylamine under suitable conditions (M. J. Martinelli, et al.
  • racemic mixture of hydroxytosylates comprises of compounds (62) and (87) is subjected to a lipase-mediated resolution process under suitable conditions such as treatment of the racemates (62) and (87) with vinyl acetate (88) in the presence of a lipase derived from Pseudomonas sp. (N. Boaz et al., Tetra. Asymmetry, 1994, 5, 153) to provide compound (90) and (87).
  • the stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (90) obtained from the resolution process is subjected to a mild based-catalyzed methanolysis (G. Zemplen et al., Ber., 1936, 69, 1827) to form compound (62).
  • the latter is alkylated under appropriate conditions by treatment with the trichloroacetimidate (63) to form compound (64).
  • the trichloroacetimidate (63) is readily prepared from the corresponding alcohol, 3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl alcohol which is commercially available (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.), by treatment with trichloroacetonitrile.
  • the alkylation of compound (88) by trichloroacetimidate (63) may be carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid such as HBF 4 .
  • the tosylate group of formula (64) is displaced by an amino compound such as 3R-pyrrolidinol (65) with inversion of configuration.
  • 3R-pyrrolidinol (65) is commercially available (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) or may be prepared according to published procedure (e.g. Chem. Ber./Recueil 1997, 130, 385-397).
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (66) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (65) may be used to maximally convert compound (64) to the product (66).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the desired product is recovered from the reaction mixture by conventional organic chemistry techniques, and is purified accordingly.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (66), comprising the steps under suitable conditions as shown in FIG. 88 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out by starting with the monotosylation of the cis-1,2-cyclohexandiol (83) with TsCl in the presence of Bu 2 SnO and triethylamine under suitable conditions (M. J. Martinelli, et al.
  • racemic mixture of hydroxytosylates comprises of compounds (62) and (87) is subjected to a chromatographic resolution process under suitable conditions such as HPLC with an appropriate chiral stationary phase and simulated moving bed technology to provide compounds (62) and (87) in stereoisomerically substantially pure form.
  • the stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (62) obtained from the resolution process is alkylated under appropriate conditions by treatment with the trichloroacetimidate (63) to form compound (64).
  • the trichloroacetimidate (63) is readily prepared from the corresponding alcohol, 3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl alcohol which is commercially available (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.), by treatment with trichloroacetonitrile.
  • the alkylation of compound (62) by trichloroacetimidate (63) may be carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid such as HBF 4 .
  • the tosylate group of formula (64) is displaced by an amino compound such as 3R-pyrrolidinol (65) with inversion of configuration.
  • 3R-pyrrolidinol (65) is commercially available (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) or may be prepared according to published procedure (e.g. Chem. Ber./Recueil 1997, 130, 385-397).
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (66) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (65) may be used to maximally convert compound (64) to the product (66).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the desired product is recovered from the reaction mixture by conventional organic chemistry techniques, and is purified accordingly.
  • the reaction sequences described above in general generate the compound of formula (66) as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acid under appropriate conditions.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 89 , comprising the steps of starting with a racemic mixture comprises of formulae (53) and (84) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 85 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 90 , comprising the steps of starting with a racemic mixture comprises of formulae (62) and (87) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 86 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 91 , comprising the steps of starting with a racemic mixture comprises of formulae (62) and (87) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 87 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 92 , comprising the steps of starting with a racemic mixture comprises of formulae (62) and (87) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 88 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 93 , comprising the steps of starting with a compound of formula (85) where G is not hydrogen and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 85 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 94 , comprising the steps of starting with a compound of formula (90) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 87 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (55) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 95 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (83) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 85 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (55) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 96 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (83) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 85 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (64) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 97 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (83) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 86 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (64) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 98 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (83) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 87 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (64) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 99 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (83) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 88 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of stereoisomerically substantially pure compounds of formulae (85) and (86) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 100 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (83) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 85 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of stereoisomerically substantially pure compounds of formulae (62) and (89) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 101 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (83) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 86 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of stereoisomerically substantially pure compounds of formulae (90) and (87) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 102 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (83) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 87 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of stereoisomerically substantially pure compounds of formulae (62) and (87) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 103 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (83) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 88 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention further provides synthetic processes whereby compounds of formula (75) with trans-(1S,2S) configuration for the ether and amino functional groups may be prepared in stereoisomerically substantially pure form.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75) may be carried out by following a process starting from a racemic mixture of meso-cis-1,2-cyclohexandiol (83).
  • Compound (83) is commercially available (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) or can be readily synthesized by published methods (e.g. J. E. Taylor et al., Org. Process Res. & Dev., 1998, 2, 147; Organic Syntheses, CV6, 342).
  • one of the hydroxy groups of compound (83) is converted under suitable conditions into an activated form as represented by the racemic mixture comprises of formulae (53) and (84).
  • An “activated form” as used herein means that the hydroxy group is converted into a good leaving group (—O-J) which on reaction with an appropriate nucleophile will result in a substitution product with inversion of the stereochemical configuration.
  • the leaving group may be any suitable leaving group on reaction with a nucleophilic reactant with inversion of stereochemical configuration known in the art, including but not limited to compounds disclosed in M. B. Smith and J. March in “March's Advanced Organic Chemistry”, Fifth edition, Chapter 10, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y. (2001).
  • Such leaving groups include a mesylate (MsO—) group, a tosylate group (TsO—), a 2-bromophenylsulfonate group, a 4-bromophenylsulfonate group or a nosylate (NsO—) group.
  • MsO— mesylate
  • TsO— tosylate group
  • 2-bromophenylsulfonate group a 4-bromophenylsulfonate group or a nosylate (NsO—) group.
  • the hydroxy group may also be converted into other suitable leaving groups according to procedures well known in the art, using any suitable activating agent, including but not limited to those disclosed in M. B. Smith and J. March in “March's Advanced Organic Chemistry”, Fifth edition, Chapter 10, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y. (2001).
  • compound (83) is treated with a controlled amount of hydroxy activating reagent such as tosyl chloride (TsCl) in the presence of a base, such as pyridine or triethylamine.
  • TsCl hydroxy activating reagent
  • the reaction may be monitored and is generally satisfactorily conducted at about 0° C., but conditions may be adjusted as required to maximize the yields of the desired product.
  • the addition of other reagents to facilitate the formation of the monotosylates may be advantageously employed (e.g. M. J. Martinelli, et al.
  • racemic mixture comprises of formulae (53) and (84) is then subjected to a resolution process whereby the two optically active isomers are separated into products that are in stereoisomerically substantially pure form such as (85) and (86), wherein G and G 1 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 8 acyl, or any other suitable functional groups that are introduced as part of the resolution process necessary for the separation of the two isomers.
  • the resolution process produces compounds of (85) and (86) of sufficient enrichment in their optical purity for application in the subsequent steps of the synthetic process.
  • Methods for resolution of racemic mixtures are well know in the art (e.g. E. L. Eliel and S. H. Wilen, in Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds ; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1994; Chapter 7, and references cited therein).
  • Suitable processes such as enzymatic resolution (e.g. lipase mediated) and chromatographic separation (e.g. HPLC with chiral stationary phase and/or with simulated moving bed technology) are some of the methods that may be applied.
  • (86) is the same as compound (84) and in a separate reaction step, alkylation of the free hydroxy group in compound (86) to form compound (74) is carried out under appropriate conditions with compound (54), where Q represents a good leaving group on reaction with a hydroxy function with retention of the stereochemical configuration of the hydroxy function in the formation of an ether compound.
  • the leaving group may be any suitable leaving group known in the art, including but not limited to compounds disclosed in Greene, “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991). Trichloroacetimidate is one example for the —O-Q function.
  • Suitable protecting groups are set forth in, for example, Greene, “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991).
  • G 1 is not hydrogen
  • suitable methods are used to convert (86) to compound (84).
  • G 1 is a C 2 acyl function
  • a mild based-catalyzed methanolysis (G. Zemplen et al., Ber., 1936, 69, 1827) may be used to transform (86) to (84). The latter can then undergo the same reaction with (54) to produce (74) as described above.
  • the resulted compound (74) is treated under suitable conditions with an amino compound of formula (56) to form compound (75) as the product.
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (75) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (56) may be used to maximally convert compound (74) to the product (75).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the product is recovered from the reaction mixture by conventional organic chemistry techniques, and is purified accordingly. Protective groups may be removed at the appropriate stage of the reaction sequence. Suitable methods are set forth in, for example, Greene, “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991).
  • the reaction sequence described above ( FIG. 104 ) generates the compound of formula (75) as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, if desired, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acid under appropriate conditions.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (75):
  • R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen;
  • G and G 1 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 8 acyl, or any other suitable functional groups that are introduced as part of the resolution process necessary for the separation of the two isomers;
  • —O-Q represents a good leaving group on reaction with a hydroxy function with retention of the stereochemical configuration of the hydroxy function in the formation of an ether compound, including, but not limited to, those disclosed in “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991); and
  • —O-J represents a good leaving group on reaction with a nucleophilic reactant with inversion of the stereochemical configuration, including, but not limited to, those disclosed in “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991), as shown in FIG. 104 and all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (79), comprising the steps under suitable conditions as shown in FIG. 105 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out by starting with the monotosylation of cis-1,2-cyclohexandiol (83) with TsCl in the presence of Bu 2 SnO and triethylamine under suitable conditions (M. J. Martinelli, et al.
  • racemic mixture of hydroxytosylates comprises of compounds (62) and (87) is subjected to a lipase-mediated resolution process under suitable conditions such as treatment of the racemates (62) and (87) with vinyl acetate (88) in the presence of a lipase derived from Pseudoinonas sp. (N. Boaz et al., Tetra. Asymmetry, 1994, X, 153) to provide compound (87) and (90).
  • the stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (87) obtained from the resolution process is alkylated under appropriate conditions by treatment with the trichloroacetimidate (63) to form compound (78).
  • the trichloroacetimidate (63) is readily prepared from the corresponding alcohol, 3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl alcohol which is commercially available (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.), by treatment with trichloroacetonitrile.
  • the alkylation of compound (87) by trichloroacetimidate (63) may be carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid such as HBF 4 .
  • the tosylate group of formula (78) is displaced by an amino compound such as 3R-pyrrolidinol (65) with inversion of configuration.
  • 3R-pyrrolidinol (65) is commercially available (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) or may be prepared according to published procedure (e.g. Chem. Ber./Recueil 1997, 130, 385-397).
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (79) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (65) may be used to maximally convert compound (78) to the product (79).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the desired product is recovered from the reaction mixture by conventional organic chemistry techniques, and is purified accordingly.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 106 , comprising the steps under suitable conditions as shown in FIG. 106 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out by starting with the monotosylation of the cis-1,2-cyclohexandiol (83) with TsCl in the presence of Bu 2 SnO and triethylamine under suitable conditions (M. J. Martinelli, et al.
  • racemic mixture of hydroxytosylates comprises of compounds (62) and (87) is subjected to a lipase-mediated resolution process under suitable conditions such as treatment of the racemates (62) and (87) with vinyl acetate (88) in the presence of a lipase derived from Pseudomonas sp. (N. Boaz et al., Tetra Asymmetry, 1994, 5, 153) to provide compound (89) and (62).
  • the stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (89) obtained from the resolution process is subjected to a mild based-catalyzed methanolysis (G. Zemplen et al., Ber., 1936, 69, 1827) to form compound (87).
  • the latter is alkylated under appropriate conditions by treatment with the trichloroacetimidate (63) to form compound (78).
  • the trichloroacetimidate (63) is readily prepared from the corresponding alcohol, 3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl alcohol which is commercially available (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.), by treatment with trichloroacetonitrile.
  • the alkylation of compound (87) by trichloroacetimidate (63) may be carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid such as HBF 4 .
  • the tosylate group of formula (78) is displaced by an amino compound such as 3R-pyrrolidinol (65) with inversion of configuration.
  • 3R-pyrrolidinol (65) is commercially available (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) or may be prepared according to published procedure (e.g. Chem. Ber./Recueil 1997, 130, 385-397).
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (79) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (65) may be used to maximally convert compound (78) to the product (79).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the desired product is recovered from the reaction mixture by conventional organic chemistry techniques, and is purified accordingly.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (79), comprising the steps under suitable conditions as shown in FIG. 107 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out by starting with the monotosylation of the cis-1,2-cyclohexandiol (83) with TsCl in the presence of Bu 2 SnO and triethylamine under suitable conditions (M. J. Martinelli, et al.
  • racemic mixture of hydroxytosylates comprises of compounds (62) and (87) is subjected to a chromatographic resolution process under suitable conditions such as HPLC with an appropriate chiral stationary phase and simulated moving bed technology to provide compounds (62) and (87) in stereoisomerically substantially pure form.
  • the stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (87) obtained from the resolution process is alkylated under appropriate conditions by treatment with the trichloroacetimidate (63) to form compound (64).
  • the trichloroacetimidate (63) is readily prepared from the corresponding alcohol, 3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl alcohol which is commercially available (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.), by treatment with trichloroacetonitrile.
  • the alkylation of compound (87) by trichloroacetimidate (63) may be carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid such as HBF 4 .
  • the tosylate group of formula (78) is displaced by an amino compound such as 3R-pyrrolidinol (65) with inversion of configuration.
  • 3R-pyrrolidinol (65) is commercially available (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) or may be prepared according to published procedure (e.g. Chem. Ber./Recueil 1997, 130, 385-397).
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (79) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (65) may be used to maximally convert compound (78) to the product (79).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the desired product is recovered from the reaction mixture by conventional organic chemistry techniques, and is purified accordingly.
  • the reaction sequences described above in general generate the compound of formula (79) as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acid under appropriate conditions.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 108 , comprising the steps of starting with a racemic mixture comprises of formulae (53) and (84) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 104 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 109 , comprising the steps of starting with a racemic mixture comprises of formulae (62) and (87) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 105 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 110 , comprising the steps of starting with a racemic mixture comprises of formulae (62) and (87) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 106 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 111 , comprising the steps of starting with a racemic mixture comprises of formulae (62) and (87) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 107 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75) may be carried out under suitable conditions by, a process as outlined in FIG. 112 , comprising the steps of starting with a compound of formula (86) where G 1 is hydrogen and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 104 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 113 , comprising the steps of starting with a compound of formula (86) where G 1 is not hydrogen and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 104 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 114 , comprising the steps of starting with a compound of formula (87) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 105 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 115 , comprising the steps of starting with a compound of formula (89) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 106 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (74) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 116 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (83) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 104 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (74) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 117 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (83) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 104 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (78) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 118 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (83) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 105 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (78) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 119 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (83) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 106 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (78) may be carried out under suitable conditions by a process as outlined in FIG. 120 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (83) and following a reaction sequence analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 107 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (85), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (86), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (54), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (55), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above with the proviso that when R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are all hydrogen then J is not a methanesulfonyl group.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (87), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (62), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (89), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (90), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (64), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (74), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above with the proviso that when R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are all hydrogen then J is not a methanesulfonyl group.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (78), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (57):
  • R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen;
  • Pro represents the appropriate protecting group of the hydroxy function with retention of stereochemistry
  • —O-Q represents a good leaving group on reaction with a hydroxy function with retention of the stereochemical configuration of the hydroxy function in the formation of an ether compound
  • —O-J represents a good leaving group on reaction with a nucleophilic reactant with inversion of the stereochemical configuration as illustrated in FIG. 121 and all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (66), comprising the steps under suitable conditions as shown in FIG. 122 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out by starting with a biotransformation of chlorobenzene (58) to compound (59) by microorganism such as Pseudomonas putida 39/D. Experimental conditions for the biotransformation are well established (Organic Synthesis, Vol. 76, 77 and T.
  • compound (95) is converted to compound (96) by reduction such as hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis in the presence of a catalyst under appropriate conditions. Palladium on activated carbon is one example of the catalysts.
  • the reduction of compound (95) may be conducted under basic conditions e.g. in the presence of a base such as sodium ethoxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate or calcium carbonate. The base may be added in one portion or incrementally during the course of the reaction.
  • the free hydroxy group in compound (96) is alkylated under appropriate conditions to form compound (97).
  • the trichloroacetimidate (63) is readily prepared from the corresponding alcohol, 3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl alcohol which is commercially available (e.g. Aldrich), by treatment with trichloroacetonitrile.
  • the alkylation of compound (96) by trichloroacetimidate (63) may be carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid such as HBF 4 .
  • the t-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) protection group in compound (97) may be removed by standard procedures (e.g.
  • hydroxyether compound (98) is converted under suitable conditions into an activated form such as the tosylate of formula (64).
  • the tosylate group of formula (64) is displaced by an amino compound such as 3R-pyrrolidinol (65) with inversion of configuration.
  • 3R-pyrrolidinol (65) is commercially available (e.g. Aldrich) or may be prepared according to published procedure (e.g. Chem.
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (66) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (65) may be used to maximally convert compound (64) to the product (66).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the reaction sequence described above in general generates the compound of formula (66) as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acid under appropriate conditions.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 123 , comprising the steps of starting with chlorobenzene (58) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 122 above leading to compound of formula (64). The latter is reacted with an amino compound of formula (68).
  • Compound (68), 3S-pyrrolidinol is commercially available (e.g. Aldrich) or may be prepared according to published procedure (e.g. Chem. Ber./Recueil 1997, 130, 385-397).
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (69) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (68) may be used to maximally convert compound (64) to the product (69).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the product is a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) and is formed as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, if desired, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acids under appropriate conditions. Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 124 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (50) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 121 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 125 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (59) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 122 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • 3-Chloro-(1S,2S)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol of formula (59) is a commercially available product (e.g. Aldrich) or synthesized according to published procedure (e.g. Organic Synthesis, Vol. 76, 77 and T. Hudlicky et al., Aldrichimica Acta, 1999, 32, 35; and references cited therein).
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 126 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (59) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 123 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 127 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (91) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 121 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 128 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (95) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 122 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 129 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (95) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 123 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 130 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (92) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 121 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 131 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (96) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 122 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 132 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (96) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 123 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 133 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (93) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 121 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 134 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (97) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 122 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 135 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (97) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 123 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (57) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 136 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (94) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 121 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (66) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 137 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (98) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 122 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trails aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (69) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 138 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (98) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 123 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (55) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 139 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (49) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 121 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (64) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 140 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (58) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 122 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (94) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 141 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (49) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 121 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (98) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 142 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (58) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 122 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (93) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 143 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (49) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 121 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (97) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 144 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (58) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 122 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (92) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 145 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (49) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 121 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (96) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 146 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (58) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 122 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (92), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (54), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (93), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (94), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (55), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above with the proviso that when R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are all hydrogen then J is not a methanesulfonyl group.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (96), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (63), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (97), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (98), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (64), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides synthetic processes whereby compounds of formula (75) with trans-(1S,2S) configuration for the ether and amino functional groups may be prepared in stereoisomerically substantially pure form.
  • Compounds of formulae (79) and (81) are some of the examples represented by formula (75).
  • the present invention also provides synthetic processes whereby compounds of formulae (92), (99), (84) and (74) may be synthesized in stereoisomerically substantially pure forms.
  • Compounds (96), (100), (62) and (78) are examples of formulae (92), (99), (84) and (74), respectively.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75) may be carried out by following a process starting with a monohalobenzene (49), wherein X may be F, Cl, Br or I.
  • compound (49) is transformed by well-established microbial oxidation to the cis-cyclohexandienediol (50) in stereoisomerically substantially pure form (T. Hudlicky et al., Aldrichimica Acta, 1999, 32, 35; and references cited therein).
  • the less hindered hydroxy function in compound (50) may be selectively monoprotected as compound (91) where Pro represents the appropriate protecting group of the hydroxy function with retention of stereochemistry (T. Hudlicky et al., Aldrichimica Acta, 1999, 32, 35; S. M. Brown and T. Hudlicky, In Organic Synthesis: Theory and Applications; T.
  • Tri-alkyl-silyl groups such as tri-isopropyl-silyl (TIPS) and t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) and alkyl-diaryl-silyl groups such as t-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) are some of the possible examples for Pro.
  • TIPS tri-isopropyl-silyl
  • TDMS t-butyldimethylsilyl
  • TDPS alkyl-diaryl-silyl
  • Suitable reaction conditions are set forth in, for example, Greene, “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991).
  • conversion of compound (91) to compound (92) may be effected by hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis in the presence of a catalyst under appropriate conditions.
  • Palladium on activated carbon is one example of the catalysts.
  • Hydrogenolysis of alkyl or alkenyl halide such as (91) may be conducted under basic conditions.
  • the presence of a base such as sodium ethoxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate or calcium carbonate is some possible examples.
  • the base may be added in one portion or incrementally during the course of the reaction.
  • the free hydroxy group of compound (92) is converted into an activated form as represented by formula (99) under suitable conditions.
  • an “activated form” as used herein means that the hydroxy group is converted into a good leaving group (—O-J).
  • the leaving group may be a mesylate (MsO—) group, a tosylate group (TsO—) or a nosylate (NsO—).
  • the hydroxy group may also be converted into other suitable leaving groups according to procedures well known in the art.
  • compound (92) is treated with a hydroxy activating reagent such as tosyl chloride (TsCl) in the presence of a base, such as pyridine or triethylamine.
  • the reaction is generally satisfactorily conducted at about 0° C., but may be adjusted as required to maximize the yields of the desired product.
  • An excess of the hydroxy activating reagent e.g. tosyl chloride
  • compound (92) may be used to maximally convert the hydroxy group into the activated form.
  • removal of the protecting group (Pro) in compound (99) by standard procedures e.g. tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran or as described in Greene, “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991) affords compound (84).
  • alkylation of the free hydroxy group in compound (84) to form compound (74) is carried out under appropriate conditions with compound (54), where Q represents a good leaving group on reaction with a hydroxy function with retention of the stereochemical configuration of the hydroxy function in the formation of an ether compound.
  • Q represents a good leaving group on reaction with a hydroxy function with retention of the stereochemical configuration of the hydroxy function in the formation of an ether compound.
  • Trichloroacetimidate is one example for the —O-Q function.
  • the resulted compound (74) is treated under suitable conditions with an amino compound of formula (56) to form compound (75) as the product.
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (75) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (56) may be used to maximally convert compound (74) to the product (75).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the product is recovered from the reaction mixture by conventional organic chemistry techniques, and is purified accordingly. Protective groups may be removed at the appropriate stage of the reaction sequence. Suitable methods are set forth in, for example, Greene, “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991).
  • the reaction sequence described above ( FIG. 147 ) generates the compound of formula (75) as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acid under appropriate conditions.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (75):
  • R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen;
  • Pro represents the appropriate protecting group of the hydroxy function with retention of stereochemistry
  • —O-Q represents a good leaving group on reaction with a hydroxy function under suitable conditions with retention of the stereochemical configuration of the hydroxy function in the formation of an ether compound
  • —O-J represents a good leaving group on reaction with a nucleophilic reactant under suitable conditions with inversion of the stereochemical configuration as illustrated in FIG. 147 and all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (79), comprising the steps under suitable conditions as shown in FIG. 148 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure traits aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out by starting with a biotransformation of chlorobenzene (49) to compound (59) by microorganism such as Pseudonionias putida 39/D. Experimental conditions for the biotransformation are well established (Organic Synthesis, Vol. 76, 77 and T.
  • compound (95) is converted to compound (96) by reduction such as hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis in the presence of a catalyst under appropriate conditions. Palladium on activated carbon is one example of the catalysts.
  • the reduction of compound (95) may be conducted under basic conditions e.g. in the presence of a base such as sodium ethoxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate or calcium carbonate. The base may be added in one portion or incrementally during the course of the reaction.
  • the hydroxy group of compound (96) is converted under suitable conditions into an activated form such as the tosylate of formula (100) by treatment with tosyl chloride (TsCl) in the presence of pyridine.
  • the t-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) protection group in compound (100) may be removed by standard procedures (e.g. tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran or as described in Greene, “Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York N.Y. (1991)) to afford the hydroxytosylate compound (62).
  • the free hydroxy group in compound (62) is alkylated under appropriate conditions to form compound (78).
  • the trichloroacetimidate (63) is readily prepared from the corresponding alcohol, 3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl alcohol which is commercially available (e.g.
  • An excess of the amino compound (65) may be used to maximally convert compound (78) to the product (79).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation and isolation of the product. Generally the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the desired product is recovered from the reaction mixture by conventional organic chemistry techniques, and is purified accordingly.
  • the reaction sequence described above in general generates the compound of formula (79) as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acid under appropriate conditions.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 149 , comprising the steps of starting with chlorobenzene (58) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 148 above leading to compound of formula (78). The latter is reacted with an amino compound of formula (68).
  • Compound (68), 3S-pyrrolidinol is commercially available (e.g. Aldrich) or may be prepared according to published procedure (e.g. Chem. Ber./Recueil 1997, 130, 385-397).
  • the reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent and at an appropriate temperature range that allows the formation of the product (81) at a suitable rate.
  • An excess of the amino compound (68) may be used to maximally convert compound (78) to the product (81).
  • the reaction may be performed in the presence of a base that can facilitate the formation of the product. Generally the additional base is non-nucleophilic in chemical reactivity.
  • the product is a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) and is formed as the free base.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, to other acid addition salts by reaction with an inorganic or organic acids under appropriate conditions. Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 150 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (50) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 147 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 151 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (59) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 148 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • 3-Chloro-(1S,2S)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol of formula (59) is a commercially available product (e.g. Aldrich) or synthesized according to published procedure (e.g. Organic Synthesis, Vol. 76, 77 and T. Hudlicky et al., Aldrichimica Acta, 1999, 32, 35; and references cited therein).
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trails aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 152, comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (59) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 149 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 153 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (91) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 147 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 154 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (95) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 148 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 155 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (95) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 149 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 156 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (92) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 147 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 157 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (96) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 148 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 158, comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (96) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 149 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (75) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 159 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (99) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 147 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (79) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 160 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (100) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 148 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure trans aminocyclohexyl ether compound of formula (81) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 161 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (100) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 149 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (74) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 162 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (49) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 147 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (78) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 163 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (58) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 148 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (84) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 164 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (49) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 147 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (62) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 165 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (58) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 148 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (99) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 166 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (49) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 147 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the preparation of a stereoisomerically substantially pure compound of formula (100) may be carried out by a process as outlined in FIG. 167 , comprising the steps of starting with compound of formula (58) and following a reaction sequence under suitable conditions analogous to the applicable portion that is described in FIG. 148 , wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (92), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (99), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (84), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (54), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above with the proviso that R 3 , R 4 and R 5 cannot all be hydrogen.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (74), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above with the proviso that when R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are all hydrogen then J is not a methanesulfonyl group.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (96), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (100), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (62), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (63), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (78), or a solvate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein all the formulae and symbols are as described above.
  • the reaction sequences described above ( FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 ) generate the aminocyclohexyl ether compounds of the present invention as the free base initially.
  • the free base may be converted, if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, if desired, to other acid addition salts by reaction with the appropriate inorganic or organic acids.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reaction of one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that giving rise to the initial salt.
  • the free base may be converted if desired, to the monohydrochloride salt by known methodologies, or alternatively, if desired, to other acid addition salts by reaction with other inorganic or organic acids.
  • Acid addition salts can also be prepared metathetically by reacting one acid addition salt with an acid that is stronger than that of the anion of the initial salt.
  • the present invention also encompasses the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, amides, complexes, chelates, solvates, crystalline or amorphous forms, metabolites, metabolic precursors or prodrugs of the compounds of the present invention.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable esters and amides can be prepared by reacting, respectively, a hydroxy or amino functional group with a pharmaceutically acceptable organic acid, such as identified below.
  • a prodrug is a drug which has been chemically modified and may be biologically inactive at its site of action, but which is degraded or modified by one or more enzymatic or other in vivo processes to the parent bioactive form.
  • a prodrug has a different pharmakokinetic profile than the parent drug such that, for example, it is more easily absorbed across the mucosal epithelium, it has better salt formation or solubility and/or it has better systemic stability (e.g., an increased plasma half-life).
  • the present invention also encompasses the pharmaceutically acceptable complexes, chelates, metabolites, or metabolic precursors of the compounds of the present invention.
  • Information about the meaning these terms and references to their preparation can be obtained by searching various databases, for example Chemical Abstracts and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website.
  • Documents such as the followings are available from the FDA: Guidance for Industry, “In Vivo Drug Metabolism/Drug Interaction Studies—Study Design, Data Analysis, and Recommendations for Dosing and Labeling”, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), November 1999.
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds, selected from any of the compounds or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, described above, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier diluent or excipient
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds according to formula (LA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, or metabolite thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • LA formula
  • IB IC
  • ID ID
  • IE a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, or metabolite thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and further provides a method for
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds, selected from the group consisting of:
  • compositions or medicament in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds, selected from the group consisting of:
  • compositions or medicament in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane free base or any salt thereof, or any solvate thereof; in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof; in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds of the present invention according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, or metabolite thereof, in combination with appropriate amounts of sodium chloride USP, citric acid USP, sodium hydroxide NF and water for injection USP; and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, or metabolite thereof, in combination with appropriate amounts of sodium chloride USP, citric acid USP, sodium hydroxide NF and water for injection USP; and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds, selected from the group consisting of:
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof; in combination with appropriate amounts of sodium chloride USP, citric acid USP, sodium hydroxide NF and water for injection USP; and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds of the present invention according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, or metabolite thereof, in combination with appropriate amounts of sodium chloride USP, citric acid USP, sodium hydroxide NF and water for injection USP that resulted in an isotonic intravenous solution of said compound at a concentration of about 0.1 mg/ml to 100 ng/ml in sodium citrate of about 1 to 400 mM at a pH of about 7.5 to 4.0; and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, or metabolite
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds, selected from the group consisting of:
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof; in combination with appropriate amounts of sodium chloride USP, citric acid USP, sodium hydroxide NF and water for injection USP that resulted in an isotonic intravenous solution of said compound at a concentration of about 0.1 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml in sodium citrate of about 1 to 400 mM at a pH of about 7.5 to 4.0; and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof in combination with appropriate
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds of the present invention according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, or metabolite thereof, in combination with appropriate amounts of sodium chloride USP, citric acid USP, sodium hydroxide NF and water for injection USP that resulted in an isotonic intravenous solution of said compound at a concentration of about 5 mg/ml to 80 mg/ml in sodium citrate of about 10 to 80 mM at a pH of about 6.5 to 4.5; and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, or metabolite thereof,
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds, selected from the group consisting of:
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof; in combination with appropriate amounts of sodium chloride USP, citric acid USP, sodium hydroxide NF and water for injection USP that resulted in an isotonic intravenous solution of said compound at a concentration of about 5 mg/ml to 80 mg/ml in sodium citrate of about 10 to 80 mM at a pH of about 6.5 to 4.5; and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof in combination with appropriate amounts
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds of the present invention according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, or metabolite thereof, in combination with appropriate amounts of sodium chloride USP, citric acid USP, sodium hydroxide NF and water for injection USP that resulted in an isotonic intravenous solution of said compound at a concentration of about 10 mg/ml to 40 mg/ml in sodium citrate of about 20 to 60 mM at a pH of about 6 to 5; and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, or metabolite thereof, in combination
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds, selected from the group consisting of:
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof; in combination with appropriate amounts of sodium chloride USP, citric acid USP, sodium hydroxide NF and water for injection USP that resulted in an isotonic intravenous solution of said compound at a concentration of about 10 mg/ml to 40 mg/ml in sodium citrate of about 20 to 60 mM at a pH of about 6 to 5; and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof in combination with appropriate amounts of sodium
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds of the present invention according to formula (IA), (DB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, or metabolite thereof, in combination with appropriate amounts of sodium chloride USP, citric acid USP, sodium hydroxide NF and water for injection USP that resulted in an isotonic intravenous solution of said compound at a concentration of about 20 mg/ml in sodium citrate of about 40 mM at a pH of about 5.5; and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • formula (IA), (DB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, or metabolite thereof, in combination with appropriate amounts of sodium chloride USP, cit
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes one or more compounds, selected from the group consisting of:
  • the present invention provides a composition or medicament that includes a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof; in combination with appropriate amounts of sodium chloride USP, citric acid USP, sodium hydroxide NF and water for injection USP that resulted in an isotonic intravenous solution of said compound at a concentration of about 20 mg/ml in sodium citrate of about 40 mM at a pH of about 5.5; and further provides a method for the manufacture of such a composition or medicament.
  • a compound which is (1R,2R)-2-[(3R)-Hydroxypyrrolidinyl]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-cyclohexane monohydrochloride, or any solvate thereof in combination with appropriate amounts of sodium chloride USP, citric acid US
  • the present invention provides compositions which include a compound of the present invention in admixture or otherwise in association with one or more inert carriers, excipients and diluents, as well as optional ingredients if desired.
  • These compositions are useful as, for example, assay standards, convenient means of making bulk shipments, or pharmaceutical compositions.
  • An assayable amount of a compound of the invention is an amount which is readily measurable by standard assay procedures and techniques as are well known and appreciated by those skilled in the art.
  • Assayable amounts of a compound of the invention will generally vary from about 0.001 wt % to about 75 wt % of the entire weight of the composition.
  • Inert carriers include any material which does not degrade or otherwise covalently react with a compound of the invention.
  • suitable inert carriers are water; aqueous buffers, such as those which are generally useful in High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis; organic solvents such as acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, hexane and the like (which are suitable for use in in vitro diagnostics or assays, but typically are not suitable for administration to a warm-blooded animal); and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, such as physiological saline.
  • HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical or veterinary composition (hereinafter, simply referred to as a pharmaceutical composition) containing a compound of the present invention, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.
  • a pharmaceutical composition containing an effective amount of compound of the present invention, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • compositions of the present invention may be in any form which allows for the composition to be administered to a patient.
  • the composition may be in the form of a solid, liquid or gas (aerosol).
  • routes of administration include, without limitation, oral, topical, parenteral, sublingual, rectal, vaginal, and intranasal.
  • parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscular, epidural, intrasternal injection or infusion techniques.
  • Pharmaceutical composition of the invention are formulated so as to allow the active ingredients contained therein to be bioavailable upon administration of the composition to a patient.
  • Compositions that will be administered to a patient take the form of one or more dosage units, where for example, a tablet, capsule or cachet may be a single dosage unit, and a container of the compound in aerosol form may hold a plurality of dosage units.
  • compositions should be pharmaceutically pure and non-toxic in the amounts used.
  • inventive compositions may include one or more compounds (active ingredients) known for a particularly desirable effect. It will be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art that the optimal dosage of the active ingredient(s) in the pharmaceutical composition will depend on a variety of factors. Relevant factors include, without limitation, the type of subject (e.g., human), the particular form of the active ingredient, the manner of administration and the composition employed.
  • the pharmaceutical composition includes a compound of the present invention as described herein, in admixture with one or more carriers.
  • the carrier(s) may be particulate, so that the compositions are, for example, in tablet or powder form.
  • the carrier(s) may be liquid, with the compositions being, for example, an oral syrup or injectable liquid.
  • the carrier(s) may be gaseous, so as to provide an aerosol composition useful in, e.g., inhalatory administration.
  • composition When intended for oral administration, the composition is preferably in either solid or liquid form, where semi-solid, semi-liquid, suspension and gel forms are included within the forms considered herein as either solid or liquid.
  • the composition may be formulated into a powder, granule, compressed tablet, pill, capsule, cachet, chewing gum, wafer, lozenges, or the like form.
  • a solid composition will typically contain one or more inert diluents or edible carriers.
  • binders such as syrups, acacia, sorbitol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin, and mixtures thereof; excipients such as starch, lactose or dextrins, disintegrating agents such as alginic acid, sodium alginate, Primogel, corn starch and the like; lubricants such as magnesium stearate or Sterotex; fillers such as lactose, mannitols, starch, calcium phosphate, sorbitol, methylcellulose, and mixtures thereof; lubricants such as magnesium stearate, high molecular weight polymers such as polyethylene glycol, high molecular weight fatty acids such as stearic acid, silica, wetting agents such as sodium lauryl sulfate, glidants such as colloidal silicon dioxide; sweeten
  • composition when in the form of a capsule, e.g., a gelatin capsule, it may contain, in addition to materials of the above type, a liquid carrier such as polyethylene glycol or a fatty oil.
  • a liquid carrier such as polyethylene glycol or a fatty oil.
  • the composition may be in the form of a liquid, e.g., an elixir, syrup, solution, aqueous or oily emulsion or suspension, or even dry powders which may be reconstituted with water and/or other liquid media prior to use.
  • the liquid may be for oral administration or for delivery by injection, as two examples.
  • preferred compositions contain, in addition to the present compounds, one or more of a sweetening agent, thickening agent, preservative (e.g., alkyl p-hydroxybenzoate), dye/colorant and flavor enhancer (flavorant).
  • a surfactant e.g., alkyl p-hydroxybenzoate
  • wetting agent e.g., water, or other sugar syrups
  • dispersing agent e.g., sorbitol, glucose, or other sugar syrups
  • suspending agent e.g., sorbitol, glucose, or other sugar syrups
  • buffer e.g., buffer, stabilizer and isotonic agent
  • the emulsifying agent may be selected from lecithin or sorbitol monooleate.
  • the liquid pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may include one or more of the following adjuvants: sterile diluents such as water for injection, saline solution, preferably physiological saline, Ringer's solution, isotonic sodium chloride, fixed oils, such as synthetic mono or digylcerides which may serve as the solvent or suspending medium, polyethylene glycols, glycerin, propylene glycol or other solvents; antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl paraben; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; buffers such as acetates, citrates or phosphates and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose.
  • the parenteral preparation can be enclosed in ampoules, disposable syringes or multiple dose vials made of glass or plastic.
  • Physiological saline is a preferred adjuvants.
  • a liquid compositions intended for either parenteral or oral administration should contain an amount of the inventive compound such that a suitable dosage will be obtained. Typically, this amount is at least 0.01% of a compound of the invention in the composition. When intended for oral administration, this amount may be varied to be between 0.1 and about 70% of the weight of the composition.
  • Preferred oral compositions contain between about 4% and about 50% of the active aminocyclohexyl ether compound.
  • Preferred compositions and preparations according to the present invention are prepared so that a parenteral dosage unit contains between 0.01 to 10% by weight of active compound.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be intended for topical administration, in which case the carrier may suitably comprise a solution, emulsion, ointment, cream or gel base.
  • the base for example, may comprise one or more of the following: petrolatum, lanolin, polyethylene glycols, bee wax, mineral oil, diluents such as water and alcohol, and emulsifiers and stabilizers.
  • Thickening agents may be present in a pharmaceutical composition for topical administration.
  • the composition may include a transdermal patch or iontophoresis device.
  • Topical formulations may contain a concentration of the inventive compound of from about 0.1 to about 25% w/v (weight per unit volume).
  • the composition may be intended for rectal administration, in the form, e.g., of a suppository which will melt in the rectum and release the drug.
  • the composition for rectal administration may contain an oleaginous base as a suitable nonirritating excipient.
  • bases include, without limitation, lanolin, cocoa butter and polyethylene glycol.
  • Low-melting waxes are preferred for the preparation of a suppository, where mixtures of fatty acid glycerides and/or cocoa butter are suitable waxes.
  • the waxes may be melted, and the aminocyclohexyl ether compound is dispersed homogeneously therein by stirring. The molten homogeneous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds, allowed to cool and thereby solidify.
  • the composition may include various materials which modify the physical form of a solid or liquid dosage unit.
  • the composition may include materials that form a coating shell around the active ingredients.
  • the materials which form the coating shell are typically inert, and may be selected from, for example, sugar, shellac, and other enteric coating agents.
  • the active ingredients may be encased in a gelatin capsule or cachet.
  • composition in solid or liquid form may include an agent which binds to the aminocyclohexyl ether compound and thereby assists in the delivery of the active components.
  • Suitable agents which may act in this capacity include a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody, a protein or a liposome.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may consist of gaseous dosage units, e.g., it may be in the form of an aerosol.
  • aerosol is used to denote a variety of systems ranging from those of colloidal nature to systems consisting of pressurized packages. Delivery may be by a liquefied or compressed gas or by a suitable pump system which dispenses the active ingredients. Aerosols of compounds of the invention may be delivered in single phase, bi-phasic, or tri-phasic systems in order to deliver the active ingredient(s). Delivery of the aerosol includes the necessary container, activators, valves, subcontainers, and the like, which together may form a kit. Preferred aerosols may be determined by one skilled in the art, without undue experimentation.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may contain one or more known pharmacological agents used in methods for either modulating ion channel activity in a warm-blooded animal or for modulating ion channel activity in vitro, or used in the treatment and/or prevention of arrhythmia including atrial/supraventricular arrhythmia and ventricular arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular flutter, diseases of the central nervous system, convulsion, cardiovascular diseases (e.g.
  • compositions may be prepared by methodology well known in the pharmaceutical art.
  • the aminocyclohexyl ether compounds of the present invention may be in the form of a solvate in a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent such as water or physiological saline.
  • the compounds may be in the form of the free base or in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt such as the hydrochloride, sulfate, phosphate, citrate, fumarate, methanesulfonate, acetate, tartrate, maleate, lactate, mandelate, salicylate, succinate and other salts known in the art.
  • the appropriate salt would be chosen to enhance bioavailability or stability of the compound for the appropriate mode of employment (e.g., oral or parenteral routes of administration).
  • a composition intended to be administered by injection can be prepared by combining the aminocyclohexyl ether compound of the present invention with water, and preferably buffering agents, so as to form a solution.
  • the water is preferably sterile pyrogen-free water.
  • a surfactant may be added to facilitate the formation of a homogeneous solution or suspension.
  • Surfactants are compounds that non-covalently interact with the aminocyclohexyl ether compound so as to facilitate dissolution or homogeneous suspension of the aminocyclohexyl ether compound in the aqueous delivery system.
  • Surfactants are desirably present in aqueous compositions of the invention because the aminocyclohexyl ether compounds according to the present invention may be hydrophobic.
  • Other carriers for injection include, without limitation, sterile peroxide-free ethyl oleate, dehydrated alcohols, propylene glycol, as well as mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable pharmaceutical adjuvants for the injecting solutions include stabilizing agents, solubilizing agents, buffers, and viscosity regulators.
  • these adjuvants include ethanol, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), tartrate buffers, citrate buffers, and high molecular weight polyethylene oxide viscosity regulators.
  • EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • tartrate buffers citrate buffers
  • citrate buffers citrate buffers
  • high molecular weight polyethylene oxide viscosity regulators high molecular weight polyethylene oxide viscosity regulators.
  • treating arrhythmia refers to therapy for arrhythmia.
  • An effective amount of a composition of the present invention is used to treat arrhythmia in a warm-blooded animal, such as a human.
  • Methods of administering effective amounts of antiarrhythmic agents are well known in the art and include the administration of an oral or parenteral dosage form.
  • Such dosage forms include, but are not limited to, parenteral dosage form.
  • Such dosage forms include, but are not limited to, parenteral solutions, tablets, capsules, sustained release implants, and transdermal delivery systems.
  • oral or intravenous administration is preferred for some treatments.
  • the dosage amount and frequency are selected to create an effective level of the agent without harmful effects. It will generally range from a dosage of from about 0.01 to about 100 mg/kg/day, and typically from about 0.1 to 10 mg/kg where administered orally or intravenously for antiarrhythmic effect or other therapeutic application.
  • compositions of the present invention may be carried out in combination with the administration of other agents.
  • an opioid antagonist such as naloxone
  • a compound exhibits opioid activity where such activity may not be desired.
  • the naloxone may antagonize opioid activity of the administered compound without adverse interference with the antiarrhythmic activity.
  • an aminocyclohexyl ether compound of the invention may be co-administered with epinephrine in order to induce local anesthesia.
  • kits that contain a pharmaceutical composition which includes one or more compounds of the above formulae.
  • the kit also includes instructions for the use of the pharmaceutical composition for modulating the activity of ion channels, for the treatment of arrhythmia or for the production of analgesia and/or local anesthesia, and for the other utilities disclosed herein.
  • a commercial package will contain one or more unit doses of the pharmaceutical composition.
  • such a unit dose may be an amount sufficient for the preparation of an intravenous injection.
  • compounds which are light and/or air sensitive may require special packaging and/or formulation.
  • packaging may be used which is opaque to light, and/or sealed from contact with ambient air, and/or formulated with suitable coatings or excipients.
  • the present invention provides one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above, for use in methods for modulating ion channel activity in a warm-blooded animal or for modulating ion channel activity in vitro.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or
  • the warm-blooded animal in which the ion channel activity is modulated is a mammal; in one version, the warm-blooded animal is a human; in one version, the warm-blooded animal is a farm animal.
  • the present invention provides one or more compounds, selected from the group consisting of:
  • the warm-blooded animal in which the ion channel activity is modulated is a mammal; in one version, the warm-blooded animal is a human; in one version, the warm-blooded animal is a farm animal.
  • a variety of cardiac pathological conditions may be treated and/or prevented by the use of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and
  • These compounds of the present invention are ion channel modulating compounds that either singly or together with one or more additional compounds are able to selectively modulate certain ionic currents.
  • the ion currents referred to herein are generally cardiac currents and more specifically, are the sodium currents and early repolarising currents.
  • Early repolarising currents correspond to those cardiac ionic currents which activate rapidly after depolarization of membrane voltage and which effect repolarisation of the cell.
  • Many of these currents are potassium currents and may include, but are not limited to, the transient outward current I to1 such as Kv4.2 and Kv4.3), and the ultrarapid delayed rectifier current (I Kur ) such as Kv1.5, Kv1.4 and Kv2.1).
  • the ultrarapid delayed rectifier current (I Kur ) has also been described as I sus .
  • a second calcium dependent transient outward current (I to2 ) has also been described.
  • the pathological conditions that may be treated and/or prevented by the present invention may include, but are not limited to, various cardiovascular diseases.
  • the cardiac pathological conditions that may be treated and/or prevented by the present invention may include, but are not limited to, arrhythmias such as the various types of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, e.g. atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular flutter.
  • arrhythmias such as the various types of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, e.g. atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular flutter.
  • the present invention provides ion channel modulating compounds that can be used to selectively inhibit cardiac early repolarising currents and cardiac sodium currents.
  • the present invention provides ion channel modulating compounds that can be used to selectively inhibit cardiac early repolarising currents and cardiac sodium currents under conditions where an “arrhythmogenic substrate” is present in the heart.
  • An “arrhythmogenic substrate” is characterized by a reduction in cardiac action potential duration and/or changes in action potential morphology, premature action potentials, high heart rates and may also include increased variability in the time between action potentials and an increase in cardiac milieu acidity due to ischaemia or inflammation. Changes such as these are observed during conditions of myocardial ischaemia or inflammation and those conditions that precede the onset of arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation.
  • the present invention provides a method for modulating ion channel activity in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (LB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (LB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolit
  • the present invention provides a method for modulating ion channel activity in an in vitro setting comprising administering in vitro an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite
  • the present invention provides a method for blocking/inhibiting the activity/conductance of ion channel in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer,
  • the present invention provides a method for blocking/inhibiting the activity/conductance of ion channel in an in vitro setting comprising administering in vitro an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer,
  • the present invention provides a method for modulating potassium ion channel activity in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form,
  • the present invention provides a method for modulating voltage-gated potassium ion channel activity in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or a
  • the present invention provides a method for modulating cardiac sodium currents activity in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form,
  • the present invention provides a method for modulating cardiac early repolarising currents and cardiac sodium currents ion channel activity in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric is
  • the present invention provides a method for blocking/inhibiting cardiac early repolarising currents and cardiac sodium currents ion channel activity in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • the present invention provides a method for blocking/inhibiting the cardiac ion channels responsible for cardiac early repolarising currents and cardiac sodium currents ion channel activity in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • the present invention provides a method for blocking/inhibiting cardiac early repolarising currents and cardiac sodium currents ion channel activity in a warm-blooded animal under conditions where an arrhythmogenic substrate is present in the heart of said warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • the present invention provides a method for blocking/inhibiting the cardiac ion channels responsible for cardiac early repolarising currents and cardiac sodium currents ion channel activity in a warm-blooded animal under conditions where an arrhythmogenic substrate is present in the heart of said warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • the cardiac early repolarising currents referred to in the present invention comprise ionic currents which activate rapidly after depolarisation of membrane voltage and which effect repolarisation of the cell.
  • the cardiac early repolarising currents referred to in the present invention comprise the cardiac transient outward potassium current (I to ) and/or the ultrarapid delayed rectifier current (I Kur ).
  • the cardiac transient outward potassium current (I to ) and/or the ultrarapid delayed rectifier current (I Kur ) referred to in the present invention comprise at least one of the Kv4.2, Kv4.3, Kv2.1, Kv1.4 and Kv1.5 currents.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating and/or preventing arrhythmia in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous
  • the present invention provides a method for treating and/or preventing atrial arrhythmia in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or a
  • the present invention provides a method for treating and/or preventing ventricular arrhythmia in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or a
  • the present invention provides a method for treating and/or preventing atrial fibrillation in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorph
  • the present invention provides a method for treating and/or preventing ventricular fibrillation in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorph
  • the present invention provides a method for treating and/or preventing atrial flutter in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorph
  • the present invention provides a method for treating and/or preventing ventricular flutter in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE), or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorphous form, metabolite, metabolic precursor or prodrug thereof, including isolated enantiomeric, diastereomeric and geometric isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof; or a composition or medicament that includes said compound or mixture comprising compounds as described above.
  • formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), or (IE) or a solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, complex, chelate, stereoisomer, stereoisomeric mixture, geometric isomer, crystalline or amorph
  • the present invention provides a method for treating and/or preventing arrhythmia in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those selected from the group consisting of:
  • the present invention provides a method for treating and/or preventing atrial arrhythmia in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those selected from the group consisting of:
  • the present invention provides a method for treating and/or preventing ventricular arrhythmia in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those selected from the group consisting of:
  • the present invention provides a method for treating and/or preventing atrial fibrillation in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those selected from the group consisting of:
  • the present invention provides a method for treating and/or preventing ventricular fibrillation in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those selected from the group consisting of:
  • the present invention provides a method for treating and/or preventing atrial flutter in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those selected from the group consisting of:
  • the present invention provides a method for treating and/or preventing ventricular flutter in a warm-blooded animal comprising administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present invention such as those selected from the group consisting of:
  • ion channels such as cardiac potassium channels, are blocked in vitro or in vivo.
  • Ion channels are ubiquitous membrane proteins in the cells of warm-blooded animals such as mammals. Their critical physiological roles include control of the electrical potential across the membrane, mediation of ionic and fluid balance, facilitation of neuromuscular and neuronal transmission, rapid transmembrane signal transduction, and regulation of secretion and contractility.
  • compounds that are capable of modulating the activity or function of the appropriate ion channels will be useful in treating and/or preventing a variety of diseases or disorders caused by defective or inadequate function of the ion channels.
  • the compounds of the invention are found to have significant activity in modulating various ion channel activity both in vivo and in vitro.
  • the present invention provides a compound of the present invention or a composition containing said compound, for use in methods for either modulating ion channel activity in a warm-blooded animal or for modulating ion channel activity in vitro.
  • Some of the ion channels to which the compounds, compositions and methods of the present invention have modulating effect are various potassium and sodium channels. These potassium and sodium ion channels may be voltage-activated (also known as voltage-gated) or ligand-activated (also known as ligand-gated), and may be present in cardiac and/or neuronal systems.
  • the invention provides a compound of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID) or (IE), or composition containing said compound, for use in methods for either modulating activity of ion channel(s) in a warm-blooded animal or for modulating activity of ion channel(s) in vitro, wherein said ion channel(s) correspond to some of the cardiac and/or neuronal ion channels that are responsible for one or more early repolarising currents comprising those which activate rapidly after membrane depolarisation and which effect repolarisation of the cells.
  • the above-mentioned early repolarising currents comprise the transient outward potassium current (I to for cardiac or I A for neuronal) and/or the ultrarapid delayed rectifier current (I Kur ); and include at least one of the Kv4.2, Kv4.3, Kv2.1, Kv1.3, Kv1.4 and Kv1.5 currents.
  • the present invention provides a compound of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID) or (IE), or composition containing said compound, for use in methods for either modulating activity of ion channel(s) in a warm-blooded animal or for modulating activity of ion channel(s) in vitro, wherein said ion channel(s) correspond to either the cardiac or neuronal ion channel(s) that are responsible for Kv1.5 current.
  • a compound of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID) or (IE), or composition containing said compound, for use in methods for either modulating activity of ion channel(s) in a warm-blooded animal or for modulating activity of ion channel(s) in vitro, wherein said ion channel(s) correspond to either the cardiac or neuronal ion channel(s) that are responsible for Kv1.5 current.
  • the present invention provides a compound of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID) or (IE), or composition containing said compound, for use in methods for either modulating activity of ion channel(s) in a warm-blooded animal or for modulating activity of ion channel(s) in vitro, wherein said ion channel(s) correspond to the potassium channel that are responsible for Kv4.2 current.
  • a compound of the present invention such as those according to formula (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID) or (IE), or composition containing said compound, for use in methods for either modulating activity of ion channel(s) in a warm-blooded animal or for modulating activity of ion channel(s) in vitro, wherein said ion channel(s) correspond to the potassium channel that are responsible for Kv4.2 current.
  • the voltage-activated sodium ion channels comprise the Na v 1, Na v 2 or Na v 3 series and may be present in cardiac, neuronal, skeletal muscle, central nervous and/or peripheral nervous systems (e.g. hH1Na).
  • modulating the activity of an ion channel as used above may imply but does not limit to blocking or inhibiting the conductance of the current through the ion channel.
  • the present invention provides for methods of treating a disease or condition in a warm-blooded animal suffering from or having the disease or condition, and/or preventing a disease or condition from arising in a warm-blooded animal, wherein a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a composition containing a compound of the present invention is administered to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof.
  • arrhythmia including atrial/supraventricular arrhythmia and ventricular arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular flutter, diseases of the central nervous system, convulsion, cardiovascular diseases (e.g.
  • diseases caused by elevated blood cholesterol or triglyceride levels cerebral or myocardial ischemias, hypertension, long-QT syndrome, stroke, migraine, ophthalmic diseases, diabetes mellitus, myopathies, Becker's myotonia, myasthenia gravis, paramyotonia congentia, malignant hyperthermia, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, Thomsen's myotonia, autoimmune disorders, graft rejection in organ transplantation or bone marrow transplantation, heart failure, hypotension, Alzheimer's disease, dementia and other mental disorder, alopecia, sexual dysfunction, impotence, demyelinating diseases, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, epileptic spasms, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, respiratory disorders, cystic fibrosis, asthma, cough, inflammation, arthritis, allergies, urinary incontinence, irritable bowel syndrome, and gastrointestinal disorders such as gastrointestinal inflammation and ulcer.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing analgesia or local anesthesia in a warm-blooded animal which includes administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutical composition containing said compound. These methods may be used to relieve or forestall the sensation of pain in a warm-blooded animal.
  • the invention further provides a method for enhancing libido in a warm-blooded animal which includes administering to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutical composition containing said compound.
  • compositions and methods may be used, for example, to treat a sexual dysfunction, e.g. impotence in males, and/or to enhance the sexual desire of a patient without a sexual dysfunction.
  • the therapeutically effective amount may be administered to a bull (or other breeding stock), to promote increased semen ejaculation, where the ejaculated semen is collected and stored for use as it is needed to impregnate female cows in promotion of a breeding program.
  • the present invention provides a method in an in vitro setting, wherein a preparation that contains ion channels is contacted with an effective amount of an aminocyclohexyl ether compound of the invention.
  • Suitable preparations containing cardiac sodium channels and/or cardiac potassium channels include cells isolated from cardiac tissue as well as cultured cell lines.
  • the step of contacting includes, for example, incubation of ion channels with a compound under conditions and for a time sufficient to permit modulation of the activity of the channels by the compound.
  • compositions of the present invention may be carried out in combination with the administration of other agents.
  • an opioid antagonist such as naloxone
  • a compound exhibits opioid activity where such activity may not be desired.
  • the naloxone may antagonize opioid activity of the administered compound without adverse interference with the antiarrhythmic activity.
  • an aminocyclohexyl ether compound of the invention may be co-administered with epinephrine in order to induce local anesthesia.
  • a series of four tests may be conducted.
  • a compound of the present invention is given as increasing (doubling with each dose) intravenous infusion every 5 minutes to a conscious rat.
  • the effects of the compound on blood pressure, heart rate and the ECG are measured continuously.
  • Increasing doses are given until a severe adverse event occurs.
  • the drug related adverse event is identified as being of respiratory, central nervous system or cardiovascular system origin.
  • This test gives an indication as to whether the compound is modulating the activity of sodium channels and/or potassium channels, and in addition gives information about acute toxicity.
  • the indices of sodium channel blockade are increasing P-R interval and QRS widening of the ECG. Potassium channel blockade results in Q-T interval prolongation of the ECG.
  • a second test involves administration of a compound as an infusion to pentobarbital anesthetized rats in which the left ventricle is subjected to electrical square wave stimulation performed according to a preset protocol described in further detail below.
  • This protocol includes the determination of thresholds for induction of extrasystoles and ventricular fibrillation.
  • effects on electrical refractoriness are assessed by a single extra beat technique.
  • effects on blood pressure, heart rate and the ECG are recorded.
  • sodium channel blockers produce the ECG changes expected from the first test.
  • sodium channel blockers also raise the thresholds for induction of extrasystoles and ventricular fibrillation. Potassium channel blockade is revealed by increasing refractoriness and widening of the Q-T intervals of the ECG.
  • a third test involves exposing isolated rat hearts to increasing concentrations of a compound. Ventricular pressures, heart rate, conduction velocity and ECG are recorded in the isolated heart in the presence of varying concentrations of the compound. The test provides evidence for direct toxic effects on the myocardium. Additionally, selectivity, potency and efficacy of action of a compound can be ascertained under conditions simulating ischemia. Concentrations found to be effective in this test are expected to be efficacious in the electrophysiological studies.
  • a fourth test is estimation of the antiarrhythmic activity of a compound against the arrhythmias induced by coronary artery occlusion in anaesthetized rats. It is expected that a good antiarrhythmic compound will have antiarrhythmic activity at doses which have minimal effects on either the ECG, blood pressure or heart rate under normal conditions.
  • ECG and electrical stimulation response to a compound reveal the possible presence of sodium and/or potassium channel blockade.
  • the monophasic action potential also reveals whether a compound widens the action potential, an action expected of a potassium channel blocker.
  • the following test may be performed.
  • the effects of a compound of the present invention on an animal's response to a sharp pain sensation the effects of a slight prick from a 7.5 g weighted syringe fitted with a 23G needle as applied to the shaved back of a guinea pig ( Cavia porcellus ) is assessed following subcutaneous administration of sufficient (50 ⁇ l, 10 mg/ml) solution in saline to raise a visible bleb on the skin.
  • Each test is performed on the central area of the bleb and also on its periphery to check for diffusion of the test solution from the point of administration.
  • test animal produces a flinch in response to the stimulus, this demonstrates the absence of blockade of pain sensation.
  • Testing may be carried out at intervals for up to 8 hours or more post-administration.
  • the sites of bleb formation are examined after 24 hours to check for skin abnormalities consequent to local administration of test substances or of the vehicle used for preparation of the test solutions.
  • the aqueous layer was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (1 ⁇ 200 mL, 2 ⁇ 150 mL) and the organic extracts were combined and dried over sodium sulfate. Concentration of the organic layer in vacuo yielded the crude mesylate as a viscous oil, which was stirred under high vacuum for 3 h to removal residual traces of volatile material, and then used in the next step without further purification.
  • the pH of the aqueous solution was then adjusted to pH 6.3 by the addition of 5M aq NaOH and the resultant aqueous layer was extracted with Et 2 O (600 mL). To the aqueous layer was added Et 2 O (600 mL), the pH was adjusted to 6.4 and the layers were separated. This operation was repeated for pH adjustments to 6.5 and 6.7.
  • the ether extracts following pH adjustments 6.3-6.7 were combined, concentrated under reduced pressure to a volume of ⁇ 800 mL, and dried (Na 2 SO 4 anhydr). Removal of solvent in vacuo yielded 34.4 g (95% purity by GC analysis) of the title compound as a brown oil.
  • the diastereomeric mixture 5R was separated using a Prochrom 110 HPLC equipped with a column body of 110 mm internal diameter, a bed length of 850 mm, and a maximum bed length of 400 mm (packed column).
  • the column was packed with Kromasil silica (10 micron, 100 angstrom, normal phase). 5RRR was isolated with a diastereoselectivity of 99.5% and chemical purity of 97%.
  • reaction flask was evacuated by water aspiration for 1 min and then charged with H 2 via a balloon attached to the gas inlet. After the reaction mixture was stirred vigorously for 1 h at 22° C. under a positive pressure of H 2 , TLC and GC analysis indicated total consumption of substrate and clean conversion into the desired product.
  • the reaction mixture was filtered through a Celite 545® (Fisher)-packed column (45 mm in diameter and 35 mm in height, pre-wet with methanol under suction to rid air pockets and to ensure efficient charcoal trapping during filtration) and the Pd—C catalyst was well rinsed with methanol (3 ⁇ 40 mL).
  • the acidic methanolic solution was concentrated under reduced pressure azeotropically with benzene or toluene to give a residue which was stirred vigorously in ethyl acetate over 1-2 days to facilitate formation of a solid or crystals.
  • a clear platelet crystal of C 20 H 32 NO 4 Cl having approximate dimensions of 0.25 ⁇ 0.20 ⁇ 0.04 mm was mounted on a glass fiber. All measurements were made on an ADSC CCD area detector coupled with a Rigaku AFC7 diffractometer with graphite monochromated Mo-K ⁇ radiation.
  • Cell constants and an orientation matrix for data collection corresponded to a monoclinic cell with dimensions:
  • the data were collected at a temperature of ⁇ 100 ⁇ 1 O C. to a maximum 2 ⁇ value of 50.2 O .
  • Data were collected in 0.50 O oscillations with 60.0 second exposures.
  • the crystal-to-detector distance was 39.68 mm.
  • the detector swing angle was ⁇ 5.50 O .
  • the linear absorption coefficient, ⁇ , for Mo-K ⁇ radiation is 2.1 cm ⁇ 1 .
  • An empirical absorption correction was applied which resulted in transmission factors ranging from 0.73 to 1.00.
  • the data were corrected for Lorentz and polarization effects.
  • the structure was solved by direct methods 2 and expanded using Fourier techniques 3 .
  • the non-hydrogen atoms were refined anisotropically. This configuration was chosen based on the results of a parallel refinement of both possible configurations, and was further confirmed by the refined Flack parameter. Hydrogen atoms involved in hydrogen-bonding were refined isotropically, the rest were included in fixed positions.
  • the standard deviation of an observation of unit weight 5 was 0.97.
  • the weighting scheme was based on counting statistics. Plots of ⁇ w(
  • Neutral atom scattering factors were taken from Cromer and Waber 6 . Anomalous dispersion effects were included in Fcalc 7 ; the values for ⁇ f′ and ⁇ f′′ were those of Creagh and McAuley 8 . The values for the mass attenuation coefficients are those of Creagh and Hubbell 9 . All calculations were performed using the teXsan 10 crystallographic software package of Molecular Structure Corporation.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Pyrrole Compounds (AREA)
  • Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
US10/555,364 2003-05-02 2003-10-31 Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof Abandoned US20070099983A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/555,364 US20070099983A1 (en) 2003-05-02 2003-10-31 Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
US11/690,361 US7767830B2 (en) 2003-05-02 2007-03-23 Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
US12/833,423 US8163938B2 (en) 2003-05-02 2010-07-09 Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US46715903P 2003-05-02 2003-05-02
US47608303P 2003-06-04 2003-06-04
US47591203P 2003-06-05 2003-06-05
US47588403P 2003-06-05 2003-06-05
US47644703P 2003-06-05 2003-06-05
US48965903P 2003-07-23 2003-07-23
US49339203P 2003-08-07 2003-08-07
PCT/US2003/034655 WO2004099137A1 (en) 2003-05-02 2003-10-31 Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
US10/555,364 US20070099983A1 (en) 2003-05-02 2003-10-31 Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2003/034655 A-371-Of-International WO2004099137A1 (en) 2003-05-02 2003-10-31 Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/690,361 Continuation US7767830B2 (en) 2003-05-02 2007-03-23 Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20070099983A1 true US20070099983A1 (en) 2007-05-03

Family

ID=33437310

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/555,364 Abandoned US20070099983A1 (en) 2003-05-02 2003-10-31 Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
US11/690,361 Expired - Lifetime US7767830B2 (en) 2003-05-02 2007-03-23 Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
US12/833,423 Expired - Lifetime US8163938B2 (en) 2003-05-02 2010-07-09 Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/690,361 Expired - Lifetime US7767830B2 (en) 2003-05-02 2007-03-23 Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
US12/833,423 Expired - Lifetime US8163938B2 (en) 2003-05-02 2010-07-09 Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof

Country Status (21)

Country Link
US (3) US20070099983A1 (https=)
EP (3) EP2298735A1 (https=)
JP (2) JP4919661B2 (https=)
KR (1) KR101059379B1 (https=)
AT (2) ATE325789T1 (https=)
AU (2) AU2003287378B2 (https=)
BR (2) BRPI0318278B8 (https=)
CA (1) CA2524323C (https=)
CY (1) CY1105137T1 (https=)
DE (1) DE60305200T2 (https=)
DK (1) DK1560812T3 (https=)
ES (2) ES2264776T3 (https=)
IL (2) IL171653A (https=)
NO (1) NO334094B1 (https=)
NZ (1) NZ543921A (https=)
PL (1) PL227937B1 (https=)
PT (1) PT1560812E (https=)
RU (1) RU2478617C2 (https=)
SG (2) SG167670A1 (https=)
SI (1) SI1560812T1 (https=)
WO (1) WO2004099137A1 (https=)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060247300A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2006-11-02 Cardiome Pharma Corp Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
US20070190156A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2007-08-16 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US20070254945A1 (en) * 2003-05-02 2007-11-01 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
US20080171785A1 (en) * 2004-11-08 2008-07-17 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Dosing Regimens For Ion Channel Modulating Compounds
US20090088464A1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2009-04-02 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Merged ion channel modulating compounds and Uses Thereof
US7524879B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2009-04-28 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US7534790B2 (en) 1998-04-01 2009-05-19 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US7977373B2 (en) 2004-04-01 2011-07-12 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Prodrugs of ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7507545B2 (en) 1999-03-31 2009-03-24 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating activity method
US20080063707A1 (en) * 2003-05-02 2008-03-13 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Controlled release tablet formulations for the prevention of arrhythmias
US7345086B2 (en) 2003-05-02 2008-03-18 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Uses of ion channel modulating compounds
WO2005018635A2 (en) 2003-08-07 2005-03-03 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating activity i
US7705036B2 (en) 2004-04-01 2010-04-27 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Deuterated aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and processes for preparing same
US7754897B2 (en) 2005-06-15 2010-07-13 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Synthetic processes for the preparation of aminocyclohexyl ether compounds
JP4991037B2 (ja) * 2004-04-01 2012-08-01 カーディオム ファーマ コーポレイション イオンチャネル調節化合物を含む薬物結合体
EP1828099B1 (en) 2004-11-18 2020-01-22 Correvio International Sàrl Synthetic process for aminocyclohexyl ether compounds
WO2006075778A1 (en) * 2005-01-12 2006-07-20 Astellas Pharma Inc. Production method of optically active cyclohexane ether compounds
JP4167297B2 (ja) 2005-08-23 2008-10-15 株式会社カネカ ３−アラルキルオキシピロリジン誘導体の製造法
CA2627502C (en) * 2005-10-31 2014-04-01 Toray Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd. Process for production of benzyloxypyrrolidine derivative, and process for production of hydrochloride salt powder of optically active benzyloxypyrrolidine derivative
JP5004073B2 (ja) * 2006-06-13 2012-08-22 東レ・ファインケミカル株式会社 光学活性ベンジルオキシピロリジン誘導体塩酸塩粉体及びその製造法
JP5004067B2 (ja) * 2005-10-31 2012-08-22 東レ・ファインケミカル株式会社 ベンジルオキシ含窒素環状化合物の製造法
JP2007131597A (ja) * 2005-11-11 2007-05-31 Toray Fine Chemicals Co Ltd ベンジルオキシピロリジン誘導体の製造方法
WO2008137778A2 (en) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-13 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Controlled release oral formulations of ion channel modulating compounds and related methods for preventing arrhythmia
US8932836B2 (en) 2010-08-16 2015-01-13 Codexis, Inc. Biocatalysts and methods for the synthesis of (1R,2R)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)cyclohexanamine
WO2012024100A2 (en) 2010-08-16 2012-02-23 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Process for preparing aminocyclohexyl ether compounds
JP6615865B2 (ja) * 2014-08-01 2019-12-04 コベストロ、ドイチュラント、アクチエンゲゼルシャフト 環状および直鎖状オリゴマーならびに改善した光学特性を有するコポリカーボネート組成物

Citations (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2954380A (en) * 1958-11-26 1960-09-27 Us Vitamin Pharm Corp Piperazinocyclohexyl esters
US3218328A (en) * 1963-02-18 1965-11-16 U S Vitamin & Pharmacentical C Heterocyclic amino phenoxyacetic acids, acid addition salts and quaternary ammonium salts thereof
US4145435A (en) * 1976-11-12 1979-03-20 The Upjohn Company 2-aminocycloaliphatic amide compounds
US4179501A (en) * 1976-11-12 1979-12-18 The Upjohn Company Analgesic N-(2-aminocycloaliphatic)azidobenzamides
US4598087A (en) * 1983-12-06 1986-07-01 Warner-Lambert Company Substituted trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexyl amide compounds
US4656182A (en) * 1983-12-06 1987-04-07 Warner-Lambert Company Substituted trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexyl amide compounds
US4663343A (en) * 1985-07-19 1987-05-05 Warner-Lambert Company Substituted naphthalenyloxy-1,2-diaminocyclohexyl amide compounds
US4855316A (en) * 1988-02-18 1989-08-08 Warner-Lambert Company 1,2-diamino-4,5-dimethoxycyclohexyl amide analgesic compounds
US4880800A (en) * 1984-05-18 1989-11-14 Glaxo Group Limited Aminocyclopentyl ethers and pharmaceutical formulation
US4906655A (en) * 1989-01-24 1990-03-06 Warner-Lambert Company Novel 1,2-cyclohexylaminoaryl amides useful as analgesic agents
US5051428A (en) * 1988-12-06 1991-09-24 Warner-Lambert Company 2-amino-4 or 5-methoxycyclohexyl amides useful as analgesics
US5059620A (en) * 1985-12-27 1991-10-22 The Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company Aryl substituted aminomethyl benzene derivatives
US5492825A (en) * 1993-08-06 1996-02-20 The Regents Of The University Of California Mammalian inward rectifier potassium channel cDNA, IRK1, corresponding vectors, and transformed cells
US5506257A (en) * 1992-03-26 1996-04-09 University Of British Columbia Aminocyclohexylamides for antiarrhythmic and anaesthetic uses
US5637583A (en) * 1993-09-24 1997-06-10 University Of British Columbia Aminocyclohexylesters and uses thereof
US5728535A (en) * 1993-05-21 1998-03-17 California Institute Of Technology Method for determining agents that modulate AB inward rectifier, G-protein activated, mammalian, potassium KGA channel polypeptide
US5750537A (en) * 1994-09-19 1998-05-12 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Use of 5HT3 antagonist to treat impotence
US5817698A (en) * 1994-03-26 1998-10-06 Smithkline Beecham Plc Substituted cycloalkylamine derivatives and their use as calcium channel antagonists
US6180632B1 (en) * 1997-05-28 2001-01-30 Aventis Pharmaceuticals Products Inc. Quinoline and quinoxaline compounds which inhibit platelet-derived growth factor and/or p56lck tyrosine kinases
US6210809B1 (en) * 1998-01-06 2001-04-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Contact material
US6214810B1 (en) * 1996-10-31 2001-04-10 Merck & Co., Inc. Methods of treating or preventing cardiac arrhythmia
US6451819B2 (en) * 2000-04-20 2002-09-17 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Heterocyclic compounds useful as NMDA receptor selective subtype blockers
US6521619B2 (en) * 2000-06-29 2003-02-18 Icos Corporation Aryl phenylcyclopropyl sulfide derivatives and their use as cell adhesion inhibiting anti-inflammatory and immune suppressive agents
US6649603B2 (en) * 2000-07-17 2003-11-18 Wyeth Cyclylamine sulfonamides as β3-adrenergic receptor agonists
US20050026993A1 (en) * 2003-05-02 2005-02-03 Beatch Gregory N. Uses of ion channel modulating compounds
US20050038256A1 (en) * 2003-06-04 2005-02-17 Barrett Anthony G. M. Synthetic process for trans-aminocyclohexyl ether compounds
US20050070552A1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2005-03-31 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating activity I
US20050119315A1 (en) * 1999-03-31 2005-06-02 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating activity II
US20050209307A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2005-09-22 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US6979685B1 (en) * 1999-02-12 2005-12-27 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Cycloalkyl amine compounds and uses thereof
US7053087B1 (en) * 1999-03-04 2006-05-30 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Aminocycloalkyl cinnamide compounds for arrhythmia and analgesics and anesthetics
US7101877B2 (en) * 1998-04-01 2006-09-05 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US20060247300A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2006-11-02 Cardiome Pharma Corp Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof

Family Cites Families (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2259260A1 (de) 1972-12-04 1974-06-06 Merck Patent Gmbh Neue amine
DE2658401A1 (de) 1976-12-23 1978-07-06 Merck Patent Gmbh Cyclopentan-1-amine, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und diese verbindungen enthaltende mittel
EP0222533A1 (en) 1985-10-25 1987-05-20 The Upjohn Company Cis-N-[(2-aminocycloaliphatic)benzene acetamide and -benzamide anticonvulsants
AU626949B2 (en) 1988-12-06 1992-08-13 Warner-Lambert Company 2-amino-4 or 5-methoxycyclohexyl amides useful as analgesics
JPH02270864A (ja) 1989-04-12 1990-11-05 Asahi Glass Co Ltd フルオロカルバサイクリックヌクレオシドおよびその製造法
US5428031A (en) 1991-12-03 1995-06-27 Merck & Co., Inc. Methods of treating cardiac arrhythmia
ZA929008B (en) 1991-12-13 1993-05-21 Bristol Myers Squibb Co Piperazinyl- and piperidinyl-cyclohexanols.
CA2058502A1 (en) 1991-12-27 1993-06-28 David C. Horwell 2-amino-mono-methoxycyclohexyl amides useful as analgesics
EP0552386A1 (en) 1992-01-13 1993-07-28 Warner-Lambert Company 2-Amino-3 or 6-methoxycyclohexyl amide derivatives
JP3190676B2 (ja) 1992-03-26 2001-07-23 ザ ユニバーシティー オブ ブリティッシュ コロンビア アミノシクロヘキシルアミド類を含有する抗不整脈及び麻酔剤
GB9220286D0 (en) 1992-09-25 1992-11-11 Merck Sharp & Dohme Therapeutic agents
US5451596A (en) 1992-12-29 1995-09-19 Rhone Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals Inc. Cycloalkyl amine bis-aryl squalene synthase inhibitors
US5441946A (en) 1994-04-14 1995-08-15 Rhone-Poulenc-Rorer Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Phosphonate derivatives of lipophilic amines
JPH10503768A (ja) * 1994-08-02 1998-04-07 メルク シヤープ エンド ドーム リミテツド アゼチジン、ピロリジンおよびピペリジン誘導体
US5556990A (en) 1994-12-16 1996-09-17 Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals Inc. Polyarylcarbamoylaza- and -carbamoylalkanedioic acids
US6214608B1 (en) 1995-02-03 2001-04-10 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Resolution of racemates of primary and secondary heteroatom-substitued amines by enzyme-catalyzed acylation
DK0876140T3 (da) 1996-01-25 2003-12-15 Schering Ag Forbedrede kontrastmiddelopløsninger til intravasal anvendelse
US5763445A (en) 1996-03-08 1998-06-09 Adolor Corporation Kappa agonist compounds pharmaceutical formulations and method of prevention and treatment of pruritus therewith
US5646151A (en) 1996-03-08 1997-07-08 Adolor Corporation Kappa agonist compounds and pharmaceutical formulations thereof
JP2000514049A (ja) 1996-06-27 2000-10-24 スミスクライン・ビーチャム・コーポレイション Ｉｌ―８受容体拮抗薬
US6399618B1 (en) 1997-07-09 2002-06-04 Cardiome Pharma Corp Compositions and methods for modulating sexual activity
TW536401B (en) 1997-09-03 2003-06-11 Cardiome Pharma Corp A pharmaceutical composition of N,N-bis(phenylcarbamoylmethyl)dimethylammomum chloride and derivatives for the treatment of pain
CN1278166A (zh) 1997-09-26 2000-12-27 诺特兰药品公司 局部麻醉或抗心律不齐同时产生止痛的氨基环己酰胺的对映体混合物
US6013830A (en) 1998-03-30 2000-01-11 Sepracor Inc. Asymmetric grignard synthesis with cyclic 1,2 aminoalcohols
US6624761B2 (en) * 1998-12-11 2003-09-23 Realtime Data, Llc Content independent data compression method and system
WO2000047547A2 (en) 1999-02-12 2000-08-17 Nortran Pharmaceuticals Inc. Cycloalkyl amine compounds and uses thereof
CA2268590A1 (en) * 1999-04-12 2000-10-12 Nortran Pharmaceuticals Inc. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US6150357A (en) 1999-05-10 2000-11-21 Merck & Co., Inc. Potassium channel agonists
CA2311483A1 (en) 2000-06-12 2001-12-12 Gregory N Beatch IMIDAZO [1,2-A] PYRIDINIC ETHERS AND USES THEREOF
US20040049049A1 (en) * 2002-06-14 2004-03-11 Johnson Matthey Pharmaceutical Materials, Inc. Stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted cycloalkyls
GB2407093A (en) 2002-07-12 2005-04-20 Cardiome Inc Mutations of voltage-gated potassium channels
CA2524323C (en) * 2003-05-02 2012-05-15 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
WO2004098525A2 (en) 2003-05-02 2004-11-18 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Uses of ion channel modulating compounds
US20070197632A1 (en) 2003-10-31 2007-08-23 Cardiome Pharma Corp Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof

Patent Citations (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2954380A (en) * 1958-11-26 1960-09-27 Us Vitamin Pharm Corp Piperazinocyclohexyl esters
US3218328A (en) * 1963-02-18 1965-11-16 U S Vitamin & Pharmacentical C Heterocyclic amino phenoxyacetic acids, acid addition salts and quaternary ammonium salts thereof
US4145435A (en) * 1976-11-12 1979-03-20 The Upjohn Company 2-aminocycloaliphatic amide compounds
US4179501A (en) * 1976-11-12 1979-12-18 The Upjohn Company Analgesic N-(2-aminocycloaliphatic)azidobenzamides
US4598087A (en) * 1983-12-06 1986-07-01 Warner-Lambert Company Substituted trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexyl amide compounds
US4656182A (en) * 1983-12-06 1987-04-07 Warner-Lambert Company Substituted trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexyl amide compounds
US4880800A (en) * 1984-05-18 1989-11-14 Glaxo Group Limited Aminocyclopentyl ethers and pharmaceutical formulation
US4663343A (en) * 1985-07-19 1987-05-05 Warner-Lambert Company Substituted naphthalenyloxy-1,2-diaminocyclohexyl amide compounds
US5059620A (en) * 1985-12-27 1991-10-22 The Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company Aryl substituted aminomethyl benzene derivatives
US4855316A (en) * 1988-02-18 1989-08-08 Warner-Lambert Company 1,2-diamino-4,5-dimethoxycyclohexyl amide analgesic compounds
US5051428A (en) * 1988-12-06 1991-09-24 Warner-Lambert Company 2-amino-4 or 5-methoxycyclohexyl amides useful as analgesics
US5019588A (en) * 1989-01-24 1991-05-28 Warner-Lambert Company 1-oxaspiro[4,5] decane-7,8-diaminoarylamides
US4906655A (en) * 1989-01-24 1990-03-06 Warner-Lambert Company Novel 1,2-cyclohexylaminoaryl amides useful as analgesic agents
US5506257A (en) * 1992-03-26 1996-04-09 University Of British Columbia Aminocyclohexylamides for antiarrhythmic and anaesthetic uses
US5728535A (en) * 1993-05-21 1998-03-17 California Institute Of Technology Method for determining agents that modulate AB inward rectifier, G-protein activated, mammalian, potassium KGA channel polypeptide
US5734021A (en) * 1993-05-21 1998-03-31 California Institute Of Technology Inward rectifier, G-protein activated, mammalian potassium KGA channel polypepide
US5492825A (en) * 1993-08-06 1996-02-20 The Regents Of The University Of California Mammalian inward rectifier potassium channel cDNA, IRK1, corresponding vectors, and transformed cells
US5670335A (en) * 1993-08-06 1997-09-23 The Regents Of The University Of California Mammalian inward rectifier potasssium channel cDNAs, host cells expressing them, and screening assays using such cells
US5885984A (en) * 1993-09-24 1999-03-23 University Of British Columbia Aminocyclohexylesters and uses thereof
US5637583A (en) * 1993-09-24 1997-06-10 University Of British Columbia Aminocyclohexylesters and uses thereof
US6174879B1 (en) * 1993-09-24 2001-01-16 University Of British Columbia Aminocyclohexylesters and uses thereof
US5817698A (en) * 1994-03-26 1998-10-06 Smithkline Beecham Plc Substituted cycloalkylamine derivatives and their use as calcium channel antagonists
US5750537A (en) * 1994-09-19 1998-05-12 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Use of 5HT3 antagonist to treat impotence
US6214810B1 (en) * 1996-10-31 2001-04-10 Merck & Co., Inc. Methods of treating or preventing cardiac arrhythmia
US6180632B1 (en) * 1997-05-28 2001-01-30 Aventis Pharmaceuticals Products Inc. Quinoline and quinoxaline compounds which inhibit platelet-derived growth factor and/or p56lck tyrosine kinases
US6210809B1 (en) * 1998-01-06 2001-04-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Contact material
US7101877B2 (en) * 1998-04-01 2006-09-05 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US6979685B1 (en) * 1999-02-12 2005-12-27 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Cycloalkyl amine compounds and uses thereof
US7053087B1 (en) * 1999-03-04 2006-05-30 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Aminocycloalkyl cinnamide compounds for arrhythmia and analgesics and anesthetics
US20050119315A1 (en) * 1999-03-31 2005-06-02 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating activity II
US6451819B2 (en) * 2000-04-20 2002-09-17 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Heterocyclic compounds useful as NMDA receptor selective subtype blockers
US6521619B2 (en) * 2000-06-29 2003-02-18 Icos Corporation Aryl phenylcyclopropyl sulfide derivatives and their use as cell adhesion inhibiting anti-inflammatory and immune suppressive agents
US6649603B2 (en) * 2000-07-17 2003-11-18 Wyeth Cyclylamine sulfonamides as β3-adrenergic receptor agonists
US20050209307A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2005-09-22 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US7057053B2 (en) * 2000-10-06 2006-06-06 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US20060189677A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2006-08-24 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US20050026993A1 (en) * 2003-05-02 2005-02-03 Beatch Gregory N. Uses of ion channel modulating compounds
US20050038256A1 (en) * 2003-06-04 2005-02-17 Barrett Anthony G. M. Synthetic process for trans-aminocyclohexyl ether compounds
US20050070552A1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2005-03-31 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating activity I
US20060247300A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2006-11-02 Cardiome Pharma Corp Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7875611B2 (en) 1998-04-01 2011-01-25 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US20110207730A1 (en) * 1998-04-01 2011-08-25 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US20100029639A1 (en) * 1998-04-01 2010-02-04 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US7534790B2 (en) 1998-04-01 2009-05-19 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US20070190156A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2007-08-16 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US8008342B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2011-08-30 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US20100056603A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2010-03-04 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US7524879B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2009-04-28 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US8163938B2 (en) 2003-05-02 2012-04-24 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
US7767830B2 (en) 2003-05-02 2010-08-03 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
US20110004006A1 (en) * 2003-05-02 2011-01-06 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
US20070254945A1 (en) * 2003-05-02 2007-11-01 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
US7345087B2 (en) 2003-10-31 2008-03-18 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
US20060247300A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2006-11-02 Cardiome Pharma Corp Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
US20090088464A1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2009-04-02 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Merged ion channel modulating compounds and Uses Thereof
US7977373B2 (en) 2004-04-01 2011-07-12 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Prodrugs of ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US8058304B2 (en) 2004-04-01 2011-11-15 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Merged ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US20080171785A1 (en) * 2004-11-08 2008-07-17 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Dosing Regimens For Ion Channel Modulating Compounds
US8263638B2 (en) 2004-11-08 2012-09-11 Cardiome Pharma Corp. Dosing regimens for ion channel modulating compounds

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK1560812T3 (da) 2006-09-04
ATE325789T1 (de) 2006-06-15
NO20055130D0 (no) 2005-11-02
EP1560812B1 (en) 2006-05-10
JP2006525227A (ja) 2006-11-09
KR20060057531A (ko) 2006-05-26
BR0318278A (pt) 2006-05-23
ES2375820T3 (es) 2012-03-06
HK1091814A1 (zh) 2007-01-26
JP2007077162A (ja) 2007-03-29
DE60305200D1 (de) 2006-06-14
IL216579A0 (en) 2012-01-31
US7767830B2 (en) 2010-08-03
SG167670A1 (en) 2011-01-28
NO20055130L (no) 2005-12-01
CA2524323C (en) 2012-05-15
PL378918A1 (pl) 2006-06-12
WO2004099137A1 (en) 2004-11-18
ES2264776T3 (es) 2007-01-16
US20070254945A1 (en) 2007-11-01
EP1560812A1 (en) 2005-08-10
KR101059379B1 (ko) 2011-08-26
EP1666459B1 (en) 2011-10-19
SI1560812T1 (sl) 2006-10-31
US20110004006A1 (en) 2011-01-06
AU2003287378B2 (en) 2010-12-16
BR122018009866B1 (pt) 2018-12-18
IL216579A (en) 2015-02-26
RU2478617C2 (ru) 2013-04-10
PL227937B1 (pl) 2018-01-31
EP1666459A3 (en) 2006-09-20
BRPI0318278B8 (pt) 2024-01-09
AU2011201015A1 (en) 2011-03-31
NO334094B1 (no) 2013-12-09
BRPI0318278B1 (pt) 2018-11-06
CA2524323A1 (en) 2004-11-18
DE60305200T2 (de) 2007-05-10
SG2010079697A (en) 2016-09-29
BR122018009866B8 (pt) 2021-07-27
IL171653A (en) 2013-06-27
RU2008104198A (ru) 2009-08-10
CY1105137T1 (el) 2010-03-03
AU2003287378A1 (en) 2004-11-26
NZ543921A (en) 2008-11-28
JP4919661B2 (ja) 2012-04-18
AU2011201015B2 (en) 2012-02-02
ATE529401T1 (de) 2011-11-15
US8163938B2 (en) 2012-04-24
EP1666459A2 (en) 2006-06-07
EP2298735A1 (en) 2011-03-23
PT1560812E (pt) 2006-09-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7767830B2 (en) Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
US7101877B2 (en) Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US20160008322A1 (en) Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US8008342B2 (en) Ion channel modulating compounds and uses thereof
US7345087B2 (en) Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
US20070197632A1 (en) Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
RU2330017C2 (ru) Соединения простого аминоциклогексилового эфира и способы их применения
ZA200509759B (en) Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
HK1091814B (en) Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof
MXPA05011809A (en) Aminocyclohexyl ether compounds and uses thereof

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: CARDIOME PHARMA CORP., BRITISH COLUMBIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:JUNG, GRACE;PLOUVIER, BERTRAND M. C.;LIU, YUZHONG;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:018390/0001;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060221 TO 20060320

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: EXPRESSLY ABANDONED -- DURING EXAMINATION