US20040245105A1 - Electrolyte solution for driving electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor - Google Patents

Electrolyte solution for driving electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor Download PDF

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US20040245105A1
US20040245105A1 US10/490,651 US49065104A US2004245105A1 US 20040245105 A1 US20040245105 A1 US 20040245105A1 US 49065104 A US49065104 A US 49065104A US 2004245105 A1 US2004245105 A1 US 2004245105A1
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acid
electrolytic capacitor
nitro
electrolytic solution
electrolytic
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Akihiko Komatsu
Tetsushi Ogawara
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Rubycon Corp
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Assigned to RUBYCON CORPORATION reassignment RUBYCON CORPORATION RE-RECORD TO CORRECT THE INVENTORSHIP ON A DOCUMENT PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL 015633, FRAME 0817. (ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST) Assignors: UZAWA, SHIGERU, KOMATSU, AKIHIKO, OGAWARA, TETSUSHI
Priority to US11/542,148 priority Critical patent/US7539006B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/004—Details
    • H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/004—Details
    • H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
    • H01G9/035—Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials

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  • the present invention relates to an electrolytic capacitor, more specifically, the present invention relates to an electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor, which ensures a low impedance, excellent low-temperature stability, reduction in the increase of pressure inside the capacitor due to a hydrogen gas generated in a high temperature environment, and good working life property, and also relates to an electrolytic capacitor and, particularly, to an aluminum electrolytic capacitor.
  • the capacitor is a general electric parts and is widely used in power source circuits or noise filters for digital circuits in various electric and electronic products.
  • Capacitors are roughly classified into electrolytic capacitors and other capacitors (e.g., ceramic capacitors, film capacitors).
  • electrolytic capacitors are being used and examples thereof include aluminum electrolytic capacitors and wet tantalum electrolytic capacitors.
  • aluminum electrolytic capacitors particularly excellent effects are expected from an aluminum electrolytic capacitor in the present invention and accordingly, the present invention is hereinafter described by referring to an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, however, the present invention is not limited to an aluminum electrolytic capacitor and can be widely applied to electrolytic capacitors in general.
  • a valve metal is used for the electrode material of the electrolytic capacitor.
  • aluminum is used for the electrode material.
  • the basic structure of the electrolytic capacitor takes a form (element) such that anode and cathode are prepared each by forming a predetermined amount of an oxide film as a dielectric material on the surface of an electrode (if desired, the surface area is increased by a treatment such as etching and thereby the electrostatic capacitance is controlled), these two electrodes are disposed to face each other and an electrolytic solution is held therebetween with an intervention of a separator (release paper).
  • This electrolytic capacitor element is seal-packaged to complete an electrolytic capacitor.
  • Some electrolytic capacitor elements have a coiled structure or have a stacked layer structure.
  • the properties of the electrolytic solution are an important factor governing the performance of the electrolytic capacitor.
  • the anode or cathode foil used has a high etching magnification and the resistivity of the capacitor body is large.
  • the electrolytic solution used therefor is always required to have low resistivity (specific resistance) and high electrical conductivity.
  • the electrolytic solution of the electrolytic capacitor was generally prepared by dissolving a carboxylic acid such as adipic acid and benzoic acid or an ammonium salt thereof as an electrolyte in a solvent consisting of ethylene glycol (EG) as the main solvent and water was added thereto to about 10 wt %.
  • EG ethylene glycol
  • a capacitor is required to have a low impedance (Z) so as to satisfactorily provide a suitable performance.
  • the impedance is determined by various factors. For example, the impedance decreases when the electrode area of the capacitor is increased and therefore, in a large-size capacitor, a low impedance is naturally obtained. Also, there is an approach of attaining a low impedance by improving the separator. However, and particularly in a small-size capacitor, the specific resistance of the electrolytic solution is a large factor governing the impedance.
  • An aluminum electrolytic capacitor uses an electrolytic solution and therefore, is poor in low-temperature properties.
  • the ratio Z ( ⁇ 40° C.)/Z (20° C.) of the impedance at ⁇ 40° C. at 100 kHz to the impedance at 20° C. is about 40 and fairly large. Under these circumstances, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor having a low impedance, a low specific resistance and excellent low-temperature stability is required at present.
  • 59-15374 discloses an electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor, characterized in that a carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt of carboxylic acid are added to a solvent obtained by adding from 5 to 20 wt % of water to ethylene glycol and to the prepared buffer solution, from 0.05 to 3 wt % of p-nitrophenol is added to prepare the electrolytic solution.
  • a carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt of carboxylic acid are added to a solvent obtained by adding from 5 to 20 wt % of water to ethylene glycol and to the prepared buffer solution, from 0.05 to 3 wt % of p-nitrophenol is added to prepare the electrolytic solution.
  • Japanese Examined Patent Publication (Kokoku) No. 63-14862 discloses an electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor, which can provide an excellent anticorrosive effect for cleaning with a halogenated hydrocarbon, characterized in that o-nitroanisole is added to an electrolytic solution obtained by dissolving an organic or inorganic acid of various types or a salt thereof as a solute in a solvent mainly comprising ethylene glycol.
  • This patent publication states that the o-nitroanisole used as an anticorrosive has an activity of absorbing hydrogen gas and provides an effect of absorbing hydrogen gas generated from the inside of the electrolytic capacitor during use and thereby preventing an accidental safety-vent operation or a change in the electrostatic capacitance.
  • the p-nitrophenol or o-nitroanisole can provide an effect of absorbing hydrogen gas, at an initial stage, in an electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor, is commonly used and has a low water concentration, a sufficiently high effect of absorbing hydrogen gas cannot be obtained and cannot be maintained when the amount of water in the solvent of the electrolytic solution is 20 wt % or more or when the electrolytic capacitor is used over a long period of time in a high-temperature environment.
  • the present invention has been made to solve those problems in conventional techniques and an object of the present invention is to provide an electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor, which ensures low impedance, has an excellent low-temperature stability represented by the ratio of impedance between low temperature and ordinary temperature, has a good working life property and has a capability of providing an excellent hydrogen gas-absorbing effect even when an electrolytic solution using a mixed solvent having a large water content ratio is used or when the electrolytic capacitor is used in a high-temperature environment.
  • the object of the present invention includes providing an electrolytic capacitor using the electrolytic solution.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrolytic capacitor using a driving electrolytic solution having a solvent composition with 30 wt % or more thereof being water, wherein a solvent-soluble nitro compound or nitroso compound is contained in the capacitor element.
  • the present invention provides an electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor, comprising a solvent consisting of from 20 to 80 wt % of an organic solvent and from 80 to 20 wt % of water, which contains at least one nitro or nitroso compound except for nitrophenol, nitrobenzoic acid, dinitrobenzoic acid, nitroacetophenone and nitroanisole.
  • the nitro or nitroso compound is considered to act and provide an effect as follows.
  • the hydrogen gas generated by the hydration reaction between the aluminum electrode foil and water as the solvent, increases the pressure inside the capacitor to impose a stress on the capacitor element and this causes various phenomena and seriously deteriorates the properties of the capacitor, for example, deforming or breaking the structure of the element, promoting the splashing of the electrolytic solution outside or actuating the safety vent.
  • the nitro or nitroso compound acts to prevent these phenomena.
  • the nitro or nitroso compound efficiently absorbs hydrogen generated inside the capacitor and prevents the capacitor from deteriorating in properties. This process is a chemical reaction and a reduction reaction.
  • the absorption of hydrogen which prevents the increase of pressure inside the capacitor, takes place at the chemical reaction of reducing the nitro group of the nitro compound into an amino group.
  • the nitro compound consumes hydrogen to change into a nitroso compound and further consumes hydrogen to change into an amino compound.
  • the nitroso group has the same reaction mechanism as the nitro group and changes into an amino group.
  • important here are the hydrogen-absorbing ability of the compound and the fact that the nitro or nitroso compound is present (dissolved or dispersed) in the distributed state in the electrolytic solution.
  • the nitro compound reacts with hydrogen and first changes into a nitroso compound.
  • nitro compounds become insoluble in the electrolytic solution when the nitro group changes into a nitroso group, and have a tendency to locally deposit inside the capacitor element. Another substituent within the compound acting to render the nitro compound soluble in a solvent is affected and this is also responsible for the tendency. However, there is a nitroso group soluble in a solvent.
  • the nitroso group is not so high in the reactivity with hydrogen as compared with the nitro group and some nitroso groups resulting from the reduction of nitro group are deposited and localized and become physically poor in the reaction with hydrogen.
  • the nitroso compound is far higher in the hydrogen-absorbing ability than other substances and can be satisfactorily used in practice.
  • the nitroso compound can be uniformly present in the electrolytic solution to provide a good dissolved state similarly to the nitro compound, whereby the hydrogen gas generated is efficiently absorbed and good capacitor properties are maintained.
  • two or more nitro or nitroso compounds are preferably used in combination.
  • the absorption of hydrogen can be continued for a long period of time and the properties of the capacitor can be stabilized.
  • the nitro or nitroso compound is preferably added in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt % based on the entire amount of the electrolytic solution. Even when one nitro or nitroso compound is used, an excellent hydrogen-absorbing effect can be provided by combining it with other electrolytic components.
  • the organic solvent used in combination with water for forming a mixed solvent is preferably a protonic solvent, an aprotic solvent or a mixture thereof. More specifically, a protonic solvent and an aprotic solvent each may be used alone or, if desired, two or more thereof may be used in an arbitrary combination.
  • the protonic solvent is preferably an alcohol compound and the aprotic solvent is preferably a lactone compound or the like.
  • the carboxylic acid or a salt thereof which can be used as the electrolyte in the electrolytic solution of the present invention is preferably one or more member selected from the group consisting of a monocarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a carboxylic acid having a functional group such as hydroxyl group, a saturated carboxylic acid and an unsaturated carboxylic acid, represented by formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, phthalic acid, azelaic acid, citric acid and hydroxybutyric acid, derivatives thereof and their ammonium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts, amine salts and alkylammonium salts.
  • the carboxylic acid or a salt thereof is preferably a formic acid, an acetic acid, a p-nitrobenzoic acid, a salicylic acid, an oxalic acid, a malonic acid, a fumaric acid, a maleic acid, a phthalic acid, a citric acid, a sulfamic acid, an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, or an ammonium, sodium, potassium, amine or alkylammonium salts thereof, more preferably a formic acid.
  • the inorganic acid or a salt thereof which can be used as the electrolyte is preferably one or more member selected from the group consisting of an inorganic acid represented by phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, boric acid, sulfamic acid and alkylphosphoric acid, an inorganic acid having a carbon chain such as alkyl group, and their ammonium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts, amine salts and alkylammonium salts.
  • the electrolytic solution of the present invention preferably contains a carboxylic acid in combination with an inorganic acid selected from a phosphoric acid, a phosphorous acid, a boric acid, a hypophosphorous acid, a sulfamic acid and an alkylphosphoric acid and, particularly, from a phosphoric acid, a phosphorous acid and a boric acid.
  • an inorganic acid selected from a phosphoric acid, a phosphorous acid, a boric acid, a hypophosphorous acid, a sulfamic acid and an alkylphosphoric acid and, particularly, from a phosphoric acid, a phosphorous acid and a boric acid.
  • the electrolyte for use in the present invention may contain, if desired, an additive selected from the group consisting of:
  • a chelate compound (2) saccharides, (3) a hydroxybenzyl alcohol and(or) an L-glutamic-diacetic acid or a salt thereof and (4) a gluconic acid and(or) a gluconic lactone.
  • additives may be used individually, or two or more additives may be used in an arbitrary combination.
  • the electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor of the present invention can have a specific resistance of 68 ⁇ cm or less, preferably 40 ⁇ cm or less, more preferably 30 ⁇ cm or less.
  • an electrolytic capacitor comprising an electrolytic solution containing a solvent consisting of 20 to 80 wt % of an organic solvent and from 80 to 20 wt % of water
  • the nitro or nitroso compound is not necessarily required to be present in the electrolytic solution but the objects can be similarly attained by constructing the capacitor to contain the nitro or nitroso compound in a portion inside the capacitor other than in the electrolytic solution and an additional effect is provided by constructing the capacitor to contain the nitro or nitroso compound both in the electrolytic solution and in a portion inside the capacitor other than in the electrolytic solution.
  • the present invention provides the following:
  • an electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor comprising a solvent consisting of from 20 to 80 wt % of an organic solvent and from 80 to 20 wt % of water, which contains one or more nitro or nitroso compound except for nitrophenol, nitrobenzoic acid, dinitrobenzoic acid, nitroacetophenone and nitroanisole;
  • the electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor as described (1) and (2) above which comprises at least one electrolyte selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, and an inorganic acid or a salt thereof;
  • nitro or nitroso compound is aminonitroanisole, aminonitrotoluene, aminonitropyridine, aminonitrophenol, aminonitrophenolsulfonic acid, aminonitrobenzenesulfonic acid, aminonitrobenzothiazole, aminonitrobenzotrifluoride, aminonitrobenzonitrile, nitrophenyl isocyanate, isonitrosoacetophenone, N-ethyl-2-(1-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazino)-ethanamine, O-ethyl-O-(p-nitrophenyl)thionobenzene, ethylnitrobenzene, ethyl-2-(hydroxyimino)-5-nitro-3-hexeneamide, octanitrobenzoylsaccharose, nitrophenyloctyl ether, nitrophenyl galactopyranoside, 3-carbox
  • the electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor as described in (6) above which additionally contains from 0.01 to 10% of a salt or derivative of nitrophenol, nitrobenzoic acid, dinitrobenzoic acid, nitroacetophenone and nitroanisole;
  • the electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor as described in (3) to (8) above wherein the carboxylic acid or a salt thereof is selected from the group consisting of a monocarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a saturated carboxylic acid and an unsaturated carboxylic acid, represented by formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, phthalic acid, azelaic acid, citric acid and hydroxybutyric acid, derivatives thereof, and their ammonium salt, sodium salt, potassium salt, amine salt and alkylammonium salt;
  • the electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor as described in (3) to (8) above wherein the carboxylic acid or a salt thereof is selected from the group consisting of a formic acid, an acetic acid, a p-nitrobenzoic acid, a salicylic acid, an oxalic acid, a malonic acid, a fumaric acid, a maleic acid, a phthalic acid, a citric acid, a sulfamic acid, an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and their ammonium salt, sodium salt, potassium salt, amine salt and alkylammonium salt;
  • the carboxylic acid or a salt thereof is selected from the group consisting of a formic acid, an acetic acid, a p-nitrobenzoic acid, a salicylic acid, an oxalic acid, a malonic acid, a fumaric acid, a maleic acid, a phthalic acid, a citric acid, a sulfamic
  • the electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor as described in (3) to (8) above wherein the inorganic acid or a salt thereof is selected from the group consisting of an inorganic acid represented by phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, boric acid, sulfamic acid and alkylphosphoric acid, an inorganic acid having a carbon chain such as alkyl group, and their ammonium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts, amine salts and alkylammonium salts;
  • the electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor as described in (3) to (11) above which comprises a combination of the carboxylic acid or a salt thereof and at least one inorganic acid selected from a phosphoric acid, a phosphorous acid, a boric acid, a hypophosphorous acid, a sulfamic acid and an alkylphosphoric acid;
  • the electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor as described in (1) to (13) above which further comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1) a chelate compound, (2) saccharides, (3) a hydroxybenzyl alcohol and(or) an L-glutamic-diacetic acid or a salt thereof and (4) a gluconic acid and(or) a gluconic lactone;
  • nitro or nitroso compound is aminonitroanisole, aminonitrotoluene, aminonitropyridine, aminonitrophenol, aminonitrophenolsulfonic acid, aminonitrobenzenesulfonic acid, aminonitrobenzothiazole, aminonitrobenzotrifluoride, aminonitrobenzonitrile, nitrophenyl isocyanate, isonitrosoacetophenone, N-ethyl-2-(1-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazino)-ethanamine, O-ethyl-O-(p-nitrophenyl)thionobenzene, ethylnitrobenzene, ethyl-2-(hydroxyimino)-5-nitro-3-hexeneamide, octanitrobenzoylsaccharose, nitrophenyloctyl ether, nitrophenyl galactopyranoside, 3-carboxy-4-nitrophenyl
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electrolytic capacitor.
  • the electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor of the present invention is characterized in that a solvent comprising a mixture of an organic solvent and water and having a high water concentration is used as the solvent for dissolving the electrolyte.
  • a protonic solvent and an aprotic solvent can be used individually or in an arbitrary combination.
  • Suitable examples of the protonic solvent include alcohol compounds.
  • Specific examples of the alcohol compound which can be advantageously used include, but are not limited to, monohydric alcohol such as ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol and butyl alcohol, dihydric alcohols (glycols) such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and trihydric alcohols such as glycerin.
  • Suitable examples of the aprotic solvent include lactone compounds.
  • lactone compound which can be advantageously used include, but are not limited to, ⁇ -butyrolactone and other intramolecular polarizable compounds.
  • one protonic solvent may be used, one aprotic solvent may be used, a plurality of protonic solvents may be used, a plurality of aprotic solvents may be used, or a mixed solvent of one or more protonic solvent and one or more aprotic solvent may be used.
  • the nitro or nitroso compound used in the present invention is sparingly soluble in water or a polar solvent
  • a method of selecting one or more solvent capable of solubilizing the nitro or nitroso compound and dissolving in a polar solvent, and thereby dissolving the nitro or nitroso compound in a solvent constituting the electrolytic solution water or a polar solvent may be employed.
  • the nitro or nitroso compound may be formed into fine powder in the dissolved solution and uniformly dispersed.
  • the electrolytic solution of the present invention water is used as a solvent component in addition to the above-described organic solvent.
  • the present invention differs from conventional electrolytic solutions in that a relatively large amount of water is used in combination.
  • a solvent is used, so that the solidifying point of the solvent can be decreased, the electrolytic solution can be in turn improved in the specific resistance property at low temperatures and good low-temperature stability shown by a small difference in the specific resistance between low temperature and ordinary temperature can be realized.
  • the content of water in the electrolytic solution is preferably from 20 to 80 wt %, with the remainder being the organic solvent.
  • the content of water in the solvent of the electrolytic solution is preferably from 30 to 80 wt %, more preferably from 45 to 80 wt % by weight, and most preferably from 65 to 80 wt %.
  • the amount of the organic solvent is the remaining amount excluding water.
  • the electrolyte in the electrolytic solution of the present invention is an organic acid, preferably a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, or an inorganic acid or a salt thereof. These electrolyte components may be used individually or in a combination of two or more thereof.
  • monocarboxylic acids dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids
  • carboxylic acids having a functional group such as hydroxyl group
  • saturated carboxylic acids and unsaturated carboxylic acids represented by formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric
  • carboxylic acids and salts thereof preferred in view of ion conductivity are a formic acid, an acetic acid, a p-nitrobenzoic acid, a salicylic acid, an oxalic acid, a malonic acid, a fumaric acid, a maleic acid, a phthalic acid, a citric acid, a sulfamic acid, an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and their ammonium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts, amine salts and alkylammonium salts, more preferred is formic acid because of its large ion conductivity.
  • Examples of the inorganic acid which can also be used as the electrolyte component include, but are not limited to, inorganic acids represented by phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, boric acid, sulfamic acid and alkylphosphoric acid, and inorganic acids having a carbon chain such as alkyl group.
  • the salt of the above-described carboxylic acid or inorganic acid various salts can be used but suitable examples of the salt include an ammonium salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt, an amine salt and an alkylammonium salt. Among these salts, an ammonium salt is preferred.
  • the inorganic acid or a salt thereof is used as the electrolyte in practicing the present invention, a lowering of the solidifying point of the electrolytic solution can be expected and therefore, this can contribute to a further improvement in the low-temperature stability of the electrolytic solution.
  • the use of the inorganic acid or a salt thereof is also noticeable in that the hydrogen gas absorbing ability derived from the nitro or nitroso compound particularly used in the present invention can be maintained for a long period of time.
  • an electrolyte such as inorganic acid or a salt thereof is used in combination with an above-described electrolyte such as carboxylic acid or a salt thereof
  • an inorganic acid-base electrolyte has been heretofore used mainly in medium to high-voltage (160 to 500 volt) type electrolytic capacitors in view of electrical conductivity.
  • the inorganic acid-base electrolyte can also be advantageously used in low-voltage (less than 160 volt) type electrolytic capacitors.
  • the amount of the electrolyte used in the electrolytic solution of the present invention can be appropriately determined depending on various factors such as characteristics required of the electrolytic solution and capacitor finally obtained, the kind, composition and amount of solvent used, and the kind of electrolyte used.
  • the content of the inorganic acid-base electrolyte in the mixed electrolyte can be changed over a wide range, however, usually, the inorganic acid-base electrolyte is preferably contained in an amount of about 0.1 to 15 wt % based on the entire amount of the electrolyte.
  • the electrolytic solution of the present invention is an electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor obtained by incorporating at least one nitro or nitroso compound except for nitrophenol, nitrobenzoic acid, dinitrobenzoic acid, nitroacetophenone and nitroanisole, into an electrolytic solution having the above-described specific composition, namely, comprising a mixed solvent consisting of from 20 to 80 wt % of an organic solvent and from 80 to 20 wt % of water, and at least one electrolyte preferably selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, and an inorganic acid or a salt thereof.
  • this nitro or nitroso compound include aminonitroanisole, aminonitrotoluene, aminonitropyridine, aminonitrophenol, aminonitrophenolsulfonic acid, aminonitrobenzenesulfonic acid, aminonitrobenzothiazole, aminonitrobenzotrifluoride, aminonitrobenzonitrile, nitrophenyl isocyanate, isonitrosoacetophenone, N-ethyl-2-(l-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazino)-ethanamine, O-ethyl-O-(p-nitrophenyl)thionobenzene, ethylnitrobenzene, ethyl-2-(hydroxyimino)-5-nitro-3-hexeneamide, octanitrobenzoylsaccharose, nitrophenyloctyl ether, nitrophenyl galactopyranoside, 3-carboxy-4-nitrophenyl disulfide, bisnitrobenzylfluor
  • the electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor of the present invention may additionally contain nitrophenol, nitrobenzoic acid, dinitrobenzoic acid, nitroacetophenone, nitroanisole or a salt or derivative thereof in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt %, together with the nitro or nitroso compound selected from the above-described nitro compounds and nitroso compounds.
  • the nitro or nitroso compound used here also has an activity of inhibiting the device from corroding by the action of a halogenated hydrocarbon such as trichloroethane used in the cleaning of a printed board (in other words, a halogen-capturing activity).
  • a halogenated hydrocarbon such as trichloroethane used in the cleaning of a printed board
  • this compound can provide a satisfactory hydrogen gas absorbing effect and a halogen-capturing activity even when used individually, because the electrolytic solution itself has a specific composition effective for obtaining the effect of the present invention, however, according to the knowledge acquired this time by the present inventors, when two or more nitro or nitroso compounds are used in combination, a more preferred effect can be expected by bringing out respective advantageous properties. For example, by combining two or more nitro or nitroso compounds having a quick hydrogen gas absorbing effect and a delayed hydrogen gas absorbing effect, a hydrogen gas absorbing effect can be continuously obtained over a long period of time.
  • the nitro or nitroso compound is usually used in an amount of preferably from 0.01 to 5 wt % based on the entire amount of the electrolytic solution. If the amount of the nitro or nitroso compound added is less than 0.01 wt %, the expected effect can be scarcely obtained, whereas even if it exceeds 5 wt %, the expected effect cannot be more enhanced and, in the case of a compound having a low solubility, this may adversely affect other properties such as precipitation. However, in the case of having an activity as an electrolyte participating in the electrical conductivity, the nitro or nitroso compound can be added up to 10 wt %.
  • the electrolytic solution of the present invention can contain components other than those described above, as additional additives.
  • Suitable examples of additives include the following compounds described in the invention which the present inventors have invented simultaneously with the present invention and filed as a separate patent application.
  • Examples thereof include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid monohydrate (CyDTA), dihydroxyethylglycine (DHEG), ethylenediaminetetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTPO), diethylenetriamine-N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentaacetic acid (DTPA), diaminopropanoltetraacetic acid (DPTA-OH), ethylnediaminediacetic acid (EDDA), ethylenediamine-N,N′-bis(methylenephosphonic acid) hemihydrate (EDDPO), glycol ether diaminetetraacetic acid (GEDTA) and hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (EDTA-OH).
  • EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • CyDTA trans-1,2-diaminocycl
  • the chelate compound is preferably added in an amount of 0.01 to 3 wt %.
  • Such a chelate compound can provide effects such as prolongation of the working life of a capacitor due to inhibition of the hydration reaction of an aluminum (Al) electrode foil of a low-impedance capacitor, improvement in the low-temperature stability of an electrolytic capacitor (the solvent has a composition close to non-frozen state and therefore, the change in the impedance between normal temperature and low temperature decreases), and improvement of corrosion resistance.
  • Examples thereof include glucose, fructose, xylose and galactose.
  • the saccharides are preferably added in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt %. These saccharides can provide effects such as prolongation of the working life of a capacitor due to inhibition of the hydration reaction of an Al electrode foil of a low-impedance capacitor, inhibition of decomposition or activation of an electrolyte (e.g. carboxylic acid) due to the addition of saccharides, and improvement in the low-temperature stability of an electrolytic capacitor (the solvent has a composition close to non-frozen state and therefore, the change in the impedance between normal temperature and low temperature decreases).
  • an electrolyte e.g. carboxylic acid
  • Examples thereof include 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, L-glutamic-diacetic acid and a salt thereof.
  • this additive is preferably added in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt %. This additive can provide effects such as prolongation of the working life of a capacitor due to inhibition of the hydration reaction of an Al electrode foil of a low-impedance capacitor, and improvement in the low-temperature stability of an electrolytic capacitor (the solvent has a composition close to non-frozen state and therefore, the change in the impedance between normal temperature and low temperature decreases).
  • the electrolytic solution of the present invention can contain, if desired, (4) gluconic acid, gluconic lactone and the like individually or in combination. Generally, this additive is preferably added in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt %.
  • the gluconic acid or gluconic lactone additionally contained in the electrolytic solution of the present invention can provide remarkable effects such as improvement of corrosion resistance in addition to the effects such as prolongation of the working life of an electrolytic capacitor and improvement in the low-temperature stability, and the effects peculiar to the present invention such as excellent hydrogen gas absorbing effect.
  • additives commonly used in the field of aluminum electrolytic capacitor or other electrolytic capacitors may be further added. Suitable examples of the additives commonly used include mannitol, silane coupling agent, water-soluble silicone and polymer electrolyte.
  • the electrolytic solution of the present invention can be prepared by mixing and dissolving those various components in an arbitrary order. Fundamentally, a conventional technique can be used as it is without any modification.
  • the electrolytic solution of the present invention can be easily prepared by preparing a solvent having a high water concentration, which is a mixture of an organic solvent and water, and then dissolving an electrolyte, a nitro or nitroso compound and if desired, arbitrary additives in the obtained solvent.
  • the electrolytic capacitor of the present invention can also be produced according to a conventional technique, similarly to the electrolytic solution.
  • an anode foil and a cathode foil are prepared by forming an oxide film as a dielectric material on an electrode foil to a predetermined thickness, these anode and cathode foils are disposed to face each other and a separator (release paper) is interposed therebetween.
  • the thus-fabricated device is impregnated with the electrolytic solution of the present invention and then packaged by an appropriate method, whereby an aluminum electrolytic capacitor can be produced.
  • the electrolytic solution of the present invention is used, so that there can be achieved an effect of improving the low-temperature stability due to a mixed solvent of an organic solvent and water, a hydrogen gas absorbing effect due to addition of a nitro compound, and an effect of prolonging the working life and giving a low impedance resulting from inhibition of the hydration reaction due to use of a specific electrolyte.
  • a sufficiently high hydrogen absorbing effect can be exerted even when the nitro or nitroso compound is not present in the electrolytic solution but when the nitro or nitroso compound is present in a physically hydrogen-generating site, more specifically, in the form of a film or the like on the electrode surface or in the vicinity thereof or in the state of being contained in the separator. Also when the nitro or nitroso compound is attached to the inner surface of the capacitor container, suitable effects are confirmed. Particularly, the site attached with a current takeout lead of the electrode readily generates hydrogen and therefore, it is effective to localize a nitro or nitroso compound thereat.
  • the nitro or nitroso compound can be present also in the electrolytic solution in addition to the portion except for in the electrolytic solution, inside the capacitor, and this is a preferred embodiment.
  • the nitro or nitroso compound In the case of allowing the nitro or nitroso compound to be present in such a form inside the capacitor, the nitro or nitroso compound needs not be soluble in the electrolytic solution or may have a low solubility and this provides an effect of extending the selection range of the nitro or nitroso compound which can be used.
  • the nitro or nitroso compound is dissolved in a soluble solvent and the resulting solution is coated on an electrode (foil or electrode tab) or a separator and if desired, dried, or the electrode (foil or electrode tab) is dipped in the solution, whereby the nitro or nitroso compound can be attached to the separator.
  • the solvent in which the nitro or nitroso compound is dissolved may or may not be soluble in the electrolytic solution. This is for the following reasons. Even if the solvent is soluble or insoluble in the electrolytic solution, the same coated film results when dried after the coating.
  • the solution is not dried and a wet coated film is present, even if the solvent is soluble, when the solvent has a high viscosity, the coated film is present in the thin spacing between electrodes for a long period of time while having a concentration gradient. Also, even when the solvent is insoluble, it may suffice if the nitro or nitroso compound can react with hydrogen. That is, the method of attaching the nitro or nitroso compound or allowing it to be present on the electrode surface or inner surface of the container or the method of incorporating the compound into the separator is not particularly limited. When the nitro or nitroso compound is present in a portion inside the capacitor other than in the electrolytic solution, even if a part of the nitro or nitroso compound dissolves in the electrolytic solution, this causes no problem.
  • the amount thereof is more than the amount of giving the effects when added to the electrolytic solution, that is, 0.01% or more in terms of the electrolytic solution and the amount is optimally from 0.007 to 1 mg/cm 2 (projected area).
  • the amount may be appropriately corrected.
  • nitro compound and the nitroso compound which can be used in such a method include aminonitroanisole, aminonitrotoluene, aminonitropyridine, aminonitrophenol, aminonitrophenolsulfonic acid, aminonitrobenzenesulfonic acid, aminonitrobenzothiazole, aminonitrobenzotrifluoride, aminonitrobenzonitrile, nitrophenyl isocyanate, isonitrosoacetophenone, N-ethyl-2-(1-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazino)-ethanamine, O-ethyl-O-(p-nitrophenyl)thionobenzene, ethylnitrobenzene, ethyl-2-(hydroxyimino)-5-nitro-3-hexeneamide, octanitrobenzoylsaccharose, nitrophenyloctyl ether, nitrophenyl galactopyranoside, 3-carboxy-4-nitrophenyl disulfonitrile,
  • the capacitor manufactured as such can achieve a hydrogen gas absorbing effect and an effect of prolonging the working life and giving a low impedance resulting from inhibition of the hydration reaction due to the electrolytic solution using a specific electrolyte.
  • the present invention provides an electrolytic capacitor comprising the electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor of the present invention, and an electrolytic capacitor comprising a nitro or nitroso compound inside the capacitor.
  • the structure and shape of the electrolytic capacitor using the electrolytic solution for an electrolytic capacitor of the present invention are not particularly limited but examples thereof are briefly described below by referring to FIG. 1.
  • the capacitor 1 comprises a sealing case 3 and a coiled element 5 housed in the sealing case 3 .
  • the element 5 contains an anode foil 9 composed of an aluminum foil having a surface dielectric film 11 formed by anodization, an aluminum cathode foil 13 opposing the surface electrode film 11 of the anode foil 9 , and a separator 15 between the anode foil 11 and the cathode foil 13 .
  • the stacked body 7 is wound together with another separator 17 to provide a coil element 5 and the element is impregnated with an electrolytic solution and disposed in the case 3 .
  • an anode lead wire 21 and a cathode lead wire 23 are connected to the anode foil 11 and the cathode foil 13 , respectively, through respective lead tabs (not shown).
  • the electrolytic capacitor of the present invention uses the electrolytic solution for an electrolytic capacitor of the present invention.
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that in these examples, for the purpose of comparison, a nitro or nitroso compound was eliminated from the electrolytic solution used and the composition of the electrolytic solution was changed as shown in Table 1 below. The results obtained in the characteristic tests are shown together in Table 1 below. TABLE 1 Specific Initial Value Composition of Resistance Z Ratio Leakage Electrolytic at 30° C. 120 Hz 100 kHz Capacitance tan ⁇ Current No.
  • the Z ratio is small, particularly, the Z ratio at a high frequency of 100 kH is small as compared with those of Comparative Examples.
  • the electrolytic capacitors using the electrolytic solution of the present invention when a nitro compound was added to the electrolytic solution in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt %, stable properties were exhibited even after the passage of 2,000 hours at 105° C. and the capacitor itself was free of breakage or characteristic abnormality ascribable to gas generation.
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that in these Examples, the compositions of the electrolytic solutions used were changed to those shown together in Table 2 below so as to confirm the effect brought by the simultaneous addition of a chelate compound and a nitro or nitroso compound. As seen in the Table, satisfactory results were obtained. In Table 2 below, test results of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are also shown. TABLE 2 Specific Initial Value Composition of Resistance Z Ratio Leakage Electrolytic at 30° C. 120 Hz 100 kHz Capacitance tan ⁇ Current No.
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that in these Examples, the compositions of the electrolytic solutions used were changed to those shown together in Table 3 below so as to confirm the effect brought by the simultaneous addition of saccharides and a nitro or nitroso compound. As seen in Table 3, satisfactory test results were obtained. In Table 3 below, the test results of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are also shown. TABLE 3 Specific Initial Value Composition of Resistance Z Ratio Leakage Electrolytic at 30° C. 120 Hz 100 kHz Capacitance tan ⁇ Current No.
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that, in these Examples, the compositions of the electrolytic solutions used were changed to those shown together in Table 4 below so as to confirm the effect brought by the simultaneous addition of hydroxybenzyl alcohol, glutamic-diacetic acid or the like and a nitro or nitroso compound. As seen in Table 4, satisfactory test results were obtained. In Table 4 below, test results of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are also shown. TABLE 4 Specific Initial Value Resistance Z Ratio Leakage Electrolytic at 30° C. 120 Hz 100 kHz Capacitance tan ⁇ Current No.
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that, in these Examples, the compositions of the electrolytic solutions used were changed to those shown together in Table 5 below so as to confirm the effect brought by the simultaneous addition of a nitro or nitroso compound and gluconic lactone. As seen in Table 5, satisfactory test results were obtained. In Table 5 below, test results of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are also shown. TABLE 5 Specific Initial Value Composition of Resistance Z Ratio Leakage Electrolytic at 30° C. 120 Hz 100 kHz Capacitance tan ⁇ Current No.
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that in these Examples, the compositions of the electrolytic solutions used were changed to those shown together in Table 6 below so as to confirm the effect brought by the arbitrary combination of various additives. As seen in Table 6, satisfactory test results were obtained. In Table 6 below, test results of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are also shown. TABLE 6 Specific Initial Value Composition of Resistance Z Ratio Leakage Electrolytic at 30° C. 120 Hz 100 kHz Capacitance tan ⁇ Current No.
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that in these Examples, the conditions for the measurement of capacitor properties by a high-temperature load test at 105° C. while applying a rated voltage employed in Example 1 were changed to the passing of 8,000 hours at 105° C. so as to confirm an improvement in the working life property.
  • the results obtained are shown in Table 7 below. TABLE 7 Specific Initial Value Composition of Resistance Z Ratio Leakage Electrolytic at 30° C. 120 Hz 100 kHz Capacitance tan ⁇ Current No.
  • Example 66 In all samples, the safety vent was actuated in 4,000 hours due to gas evolution.
  • Example 67 In all samples, the safety vent was actuated in 5,000 hours due to gas evolution.
  • Example 68 809 7.1 2.3
  • Example 69 In all samples, the safety vent was actuated in 4,000 hours due to gas evolution.
  • Example 70 813 7.0 2.6
  • capacitors were manufactured.
  • Capacitors for comparison were manufactured using an electrolytic solution not containing a nitro or nitroso compound and capacitors of 10wv-1,000 ⁇ F were manufactured using a capacitor element where a predetermined amount of a solvent-soluble nitro or nitroso compound was attached to the separator of the electrolytic capacitor element and, similarly to the capacitors for comparison, using an electrolytic solution not containing a nitro or nitroso compound.
  • capacitors were subjected to a load test at 105° C.
  • the means for attaching a nitro or nitroso compound to the separator As for the means for attaching a nitro or nitroso compound to the separator, a method of preparing a water/alcohol solution containing from 1 to 5 wt % of a nitro or nitroso compound and directly spraying a constant amount of the solution by an atomizer at the time of taking up the capacitor element, to attach the nitro or nitroso compound, was employed. The amount attached was confirmed by measuring the weight and set to an amount more than the minimum amount effective when the nitro or nitroso compound is contained in the electrolytic solution.
  • Electrolytic capacitors as Comparative Examples were manufactured using an electrolytic solution not containing a nitro or nitroso compound and capacitors of 10 wv-1,000 ⁇ F were manufactured using a capacitor element where a predetermined amount of a solvent-soluble nitro or nitroso compound was coated on the electrode foil of the electrolytic capacitor element and using the same electrolytic solution as in Comparative Examples. These capacitors were subjected to a load test at 105° C.
  • a water/alcohol solution containing from 1 to 5 wt % of a nitro or nitroso compound was prepared and an operation of dipping an electrode foil previously cut into a belt form in a solution having dissolved therein a nitro or nitroso compound was repeated to attach a predetermined amount of nitro or nitroso compound. Also, similarly to the separator, coating by spraying was attempted. The amount attached was confirmed by measuring the weight and set to an amount more than the minimum amount effective when the nitro or nitroso compound is contained in the electrolytic solution.
  • an electrolytic solution for driving an electrolytic capacitor which ensures a low impedance, excellent low-temperature stability represented by the impedance ratio between low temperature and ordinary temperature, and good working life and can exert an excellent hydrogen gas absorbing effect even when an electrolytic solution using a solvent having a large water content ratio is used or the electrolytic capacitor is used in a high-temperature environment.
  • an electrolytic capacitor particularly, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor using this electrolytic solution, which has a low impedance, an excellent low-temperature stability, good working life property and high reliability and is free of failure ascribable to the action of water used in the solvent.
  • the latitude in the type and presence of the nitro or nitroso compound as the compound added to achieve these purposes is widened and the utilization thereof is expanded.

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