TWI783109B - 氯化聚烯烴樹脂及其用途 - Google Patents
氯化聚烯烴樹脂及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI783109B TWI783109B TW108101553A TW108101553A TWI783109B TW I783109 B TWI783109 B TW I783109B TW 108101553 A TW108101553 A TW 108101553A TW 108101553 A TW108101553 A TW 108101553A TW I783109 B TWI783109 B TW I783109B
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- resin
- chlorinated polyolefin
- polyolefin resin
- resin solution
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Abstract
本發明之課題在於提供一種溶液穩定性優異、且對包含聚乙烯基材之聚烯烴基材之附著性良好之氯化聚烯烴樹脂,該氯化聚烯烴樹脂係具有源自乙烯之結構單元的共聚物之氯化物,且共聚物中之乙烯結構單元含有率為50~90 mol%。
Description
本發明係關於一種氯化聚烯烴樹脂及其用途。
聚丙烯、聚乙烯等聚烯烴具有廉價且成形性、耐化學品性、耐水性、電特性等較多優異之性質。因此,聚烯烴被作為片、膜、成型物等廣泛使用。然而,聚烯烴基材與聚胺基甲酸酯系樹脂、聚醯胺系樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂、聚酯系樹脂等極性基材不同,為非極性且結晶性。因此,聚烯烴基材有塗裝或接著較為困難之缺點。
作為用於改善聚烯烴基材之塗裝或接著性之表面處理技術,進行電暈處理、電漿處理等機械處理、或使用底塗等之化學處理。其中,鑒於覆膜物性、作業性、裝置上之觀點,廣泛採用底塗處理法。
作為聚烯烴基材用之底塗,對基材之附著性優異,故而通常使用氯化聚烯烴或酸改性聚烯烴等改性聚烯烴(例如,參照專利文獻1、2)。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2001-279048號公報
[專利文獻2]日本專利特開2002-187922號公報
[發明所欲解決之問題]
然而,以聚丙烯樹脂作為主體之氯化聚烯烴樹脂對聚烯烴基材中尤其是聚乙烯基材之附著性較差,期待改良。
本發明之課題在於提供一種溶液穩定性優異、且對包含聚乙烯基材之聚烯烴基材之附著性良好的氯化聚烯烴樹脂。
[解決問題之技術手段]
本發明者等人對上述課題進行努力研究,結果發現:藉由提高作為聚烯烴樹脂之樹脂組成的源自聚乙烯之結構單元之比率,可解決上述之課題,從而完成本發明。
即,本發明者等人提供下述之[1]~[12]。
[1]一種氯化聚烯烴樹脂,其係具有源自乙烯之結構單元的共聚物之氯化物,且上述共聚物中之乙烯結構單元含有率為50~90 mol%。
[2]如上述[1]之氯化聚烯烴樹脂,其中氯含有率為10~40%。
[3]如上述[1]或[2]之氯化聚烯烴樹脂,其中上述共聚物具有選自由源自辛烯之結構單元、源自丁烯之結構單元、源自丙烯之結構單元、源自戊烯之結構單元、源自己烯之結構單元、源自庚烯之結構單元、源自苯乙烯之結構單元、源自環戊烯之結構單元、及源自降𦯉烯之結構單元所組成之群中之至少一種結構單元。
[4]如上述[1]至[3]中任一項之氯化聚烯烴樹脂,其中重量平均分子量為3,000~250,000。
[5]如上述[1]至[4]中任一項之氯化聚烯烴樹脂,其中上述共聚物之熔點(Tm)為40~140℃。
[6]如上述[1]至[5]中任一項之氯化聚烯烴樹脂,其中軟化點為15~100℃。
[7]一種底塗組合物,其包含如上述[1]至[6]中任一項之氯化聚烯烴樹脂。
[8]一種塗料組合物,其包含如上述[1]至[6]中任一項之氯化聚烯烴樹脂。
[9]一種墨水組合物,其包含如上述[1]至[6]中任一項之氯化聚烯烴樹脂。
[10]一種接著劑組合物,其包含如上述[1]至[6]中任一項之氯化聚烯烴樹脂。
[11]一種積層體,其具有聚乙烯膜層、及包含如上述[1]至[6]中任一項之氯化聚烯烴樹脂之層。
[12]一種積層體,其具有聚丙烯膜層、及包含如上述[1]至[6]中任一項之氯化聚烯烴樹脂之層。
[發明之效果]
根據本發明,可提供一種溶液穩定性優異、且對包含聚乙烯基材之聚烯烴基材之附著性良好之氯化聚烯烴樹脂。
以下,將本發明基於其較佳之實施形態進行詳細說明。
[1.氯化聚烯烴樹脂]
本發明之氯化聚烯烴樹脂係具有源自乙烯之結構單元的共聚物之氯化物。
於將聚烯烴樹脂用於底塗、塗料、墨水、接著劑等用途之情形時,為了消除塗佈不均,要求均勻地塗佈。因此,聚烯烴樹脂較佳為均勻地溶解於溶劑中、且不因經時變化而樹脂析出等溶液穩定性優異。儘管為了保持溶液穩定性而必須提高氯含有率,但若提高氯含有率,則對基材之附著性較差,上述用途之性質變得不充分。
本發明者等人發現並完成如下者:本發明之氯化聚烯烴樹脂係使下述特定之共聚物氯化而成者,故而即便於提高氯含有率之情形時,亦維持對基材之附著性,可用於上述之用途。
氯化聚烯烴樹脂之氯含有率之下限較佳為10%以上,更佳為12%以上,進而較佳為14%以上。若氯含有率為10%以上,則溶液穩定性優異。又,其上限較佳為40%以下,更佳為38%以下,進而較佳為35%以下。若氯含有率為40%以下,則對包含聚乙烯基材之聚烯烴基材之附著性變得良好。
作為氯化聚烯烴樹脂之氯含有率之一實施形態,較佳為10~40%,更佳為12~38%,進而較佳為14~35%。
再者,氯含有率可基於JIS-K7229(1995)進行測定。
氯化聚烯烴樹脂之重量平均分子量之下限較佳為3,000以上,更佳為10,000以上,進而較佳為30,000以上。若重量平均分子量未達3,000,則有樹脂之凝集力不足,而無法充分表現對基材之附著性之情形。又,其上限較佳為250,000以下,更佳為200,000以下,進而較佳為180,000以下。若重量平均分子量超過250,000,則有與其他樹脂之相溶性或於溶劑中之溶解性變得不良,而於塗料及墨水之應用變得困難之情形。
作為氯化聚烯烴樹脂之重量平均分子量之一實施形態,較佳為3,000~250,000,更佳為10,000~200,000,進而較佳為30,000~180,000。
再者,重量平均分子量可藉由凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)法,由標準聚苯乙烯校準曲線而求出。
氯化聚烯烴樹脂之分散指數(重量平均分子量/數量平均分子量)之下限較佳為1.8以上,更佳為1.9以上,進而較佳為2.0以上。又,其上限較佳為2.9以下,更佳為2.7以下,進而較佳為2.5以下。
作為氯化聚烯烴樹脂之分散指數之一實施形態,較佳為1.8~2.9,更佳為1.9~2.7,進而較佳為2.0~2.5。
茂金屬系之觸媒之聚合活性較高。因此,若使用茂金屬系觸媒與乙烯進行極其高活性之聚合反應,則生成之聚乙烯與α-烯烴之共聚物之分子量分佈變窄,並且生成具有長鏈分支之共聚物。因此,氯化聚烯烴樹脂成為溶液穩定性優異者。
氯化聚烯烴樹脂通常為非晶性高分子,藉由示差掃描型熱量計(DSC)之熔點(Tm)無法定義。因此,將因氯化聚烯烴樹脂之溫度變化導致之狀態變化定義為目視下之軟化點。本發明之氯化聚烯烴樹脂之軟化點之下限較佳為15℃以上,更佳為20℃以上,進而較佳為30℃以上。又,其上限較佳為100℃以下,更佳為95℃以下,進而較佳為90℃以下。
作為氯化聚烯烴樹脂之軟化點之一實施形態,較佳為15~100℃,更佳為20~95℃,進而較佳為30~90℃。
再者,目視下之軟化點之測定可利用市售之熔點測定器(例如,MP-500P軟化點測定裝置(Yanaco機器開發研究所製造))進行測定。
[共聚物]
共聚物具有源自乙烯之結構單元。又,共聚物中之乙烯結構單元含有率為50~90 mol%。若共聚物中之乙烯結構單元含有率未達90 mol%,則藉由聚乙烯改性時之改性反應,而高含量之乙烯之共聚物可防止乙烯彼此發生再鍵結,而抑制溶劑之溶解性變差。又,藉由為50 mol%以上,而所獲得之氯化聚烯烴樹脂與包含聚乙烯基材之聚烯烴基材之附著性變得良好。
共聚物具有源自乙烯之結構單元以外之結構單元(以下,稱為「其他結構單元」)。作為其他結構單元,例如可列舉:源自辛烯之結構單元、源自丁烯之結構單元、源自丙烯之結構單元、源自戊烯之結構單元、源自己烯之結構單元、源自庚烯之結構單元、源自苯乙烯之結構單元、源自環戊烯之結構單元、源自降𦯉烯之結構單元。
共聚物較佳為具有選自由源自辛烯之結構單元、源自丁烯之結構單元、源自丙烯之結構單元、源自戊烯之結構單元、源自己烯之結構單元、源自庚烯之結構單元、源自苯乙烯之結構單元、源自環戊烯之結構單元、及源自降𦯉烯之結構單元所組成之群中之至少一種結構單元。
共聚物可使用製備品,亦可使用市售品。於進行製備之情形時,可利用使用茂金屬觸媒等觸媒之先前公知之方法而製備。又,作為市售品,可使用源自石油資源之市售品,亦可使用源自生質之市售品。作為源自石油資源之市售品,例如可列舉:「Kernel(註冊商標)」、「Novatec(註冊商標)」(以上,日本聚乙烯公司製造)、「Tafmer(註冊商標)」、「Exellex(註冊商標)」(以上,三菱化學公司製造)、「Umerit(註冊商標)」(宇部丸善聚乙烯公司製造)。又,作為源自生質之市售品,例如可列舉:綠色聚乙烯(Braskem公司製造)。
共聚物中之乙烯結構單元含有率為50~90 mol%。共聚物之乙烯結構單元含有率之下限為50 mol%以上,較佳為55 mol%以上,更佳為60 mol%以上。若乙烯結構單元含有率為50 mol%以上,則所獲得之氯化聚烯烴樹脂與包含聚乙烯基材之聚烯烴基材之附著性變得良好。又,若乙烯結構單元含有率為90 mol%以下,則溶液穩定性優異。
作為共聚物之乙烯結構單元含有率之一實施形態,為50~90 mol%,較佳為55~90 mol%,更佳為60~90 mol%。
共聚物中之其他結構單元含有率為10~50 mol%。共聚物之其他結構單元含有率之上限為50 mol%以下,較佳為45 mol%以下,更佳為40 mol%以下。若其他結構單元含有率為50 mol%以下,則所獲得之氯化聚烯烴樹脂與包含聚乙烯基材之聚烯烴基材之附著性變得良好。又,若其他結構單元含有率為10 mol%以上,則溶液穩定性優異。
作為共聚物之其他結構單元含有率之一實施形態,為10~50 mol%,較佳為10~45 mol%,更佳為10~40 mol%。
共聚物之各結構單元含有率可由用於製備共聚物之單體之使用量而算出,或藉由使用NMR(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,核磁共振)等機器對共聚物進行解析而算出。又,於市售品之情形時,亦可基於製品資訊進行判斷。
共聚物之熔點(Tm)之下限較佳為35℃以上,更佳為40℃以上,進而較佳為45℃以上,進而更佳為55℃以上。若共聚物之Tm為35℃以上,則於將氯化聚烯烴樹脂用於墨水、塗料等用途之情形時,可表現充分之塗膜強度,可充分發揮與基材之附著性。又,於用作墨水時,可抑制印刷中之結塊。又,其上限較佳為140℃以下,更佳為120℃以下,進而較佳為105℃以下,進而更佳為100℃以下、95℃以下。若共聚物之Tm為140℃以下,則於將氯化聚烯烴樹脂用於墨水、塗料等用途之情形時,可抑制塗膜變得過硬,可使塗膜發揮適度之柔軟性。
作為共聚物之熔點(Tm)之一實施形態,較佳為35~140℃,更佳為40~120℃,進而較佳為45~105℃,進而更佳為55~100℃、55~95℃。
藉由DSC之Tm之測定可使用DSC測定裝置(精工電子工業公司製造),將約10 mg之試樣於200℃下進行10分鐘熔解後,以10℃/min之速度降溫至-50℃進行結晶化後,進而以10℃/min升溫至200℃進行熔解,求出此時之熔解峰溫度。
[氯化]
作為氯化之方法,並無特別限定,可使用公知之方法。例如可列舉:使共聚物溶解於氯仿等氯系溶劑中後,吹入氯氣而導入氯之方法。更詳細而言,氯化可藉由如下方式而進行:使共聚物分散或溶解於水、四氯化碳、或氯仿等介質中,於觸媒之存在下或紫外線之照射下,於加壓或常壓下,於50~140℃之溫度範圍內吹入氯氣。
於氯化樹脂之製造時使用氯系溶劑之情形時,氯系溶劑通常可藉由減壓等而蒸餾去除,或利用其他有機溶劑進行置換。
[酸改性]
本發明之氯化聚烯烴樹脂亦可為導入有α,β-不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物之酸改性氯化聚烯烴樹脂。作為α,β-不飽和羧酸及其衍生物,例如可列舉:順丁烯二酸、順丁烯二酸酐、反丁烯二酸、檸康酸、檸康酸酐、中康酸、伊康酸、伊康酸酐、烏頭酸、烏頭酸酐、雙環庚烯二甲酸酐、(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
α,β-不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物之導入量並無特別限制,相對於氯化聚烯烴樹脂100重量%,較佳為20重量%以下,更佳為10重量%以下。
再者,α,β-不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物之導入量可利用鹼滴定法或傅立葉變換紅外線光譜法等公知之方法進行測定。
[樹脂溶液]
本發明之氯化聚烯烴樹脂係溶液穩定性優異者。因此,可用作溶解於溶劑中之樹脂溶液。
作為溶劑,例如可列舉:甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族系溶劑;環己烷、甲基環己烷等脂環式烴系溶劑;己烷、庚烷、辛烷等烴系溶劑;丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮等酮系溶劑;乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸異丙酯、乙酸正丁酯等酯系溶劑;乙二醇、乙基溶纖劑、丁基溶纖劑等二醇系溶劑。該等中,較佳為甲苯、甲基環己烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯。
樹脂溶液之濃度(樹脂固形物成分濃度)只要根據用途適宜選擇即可。然而,無論樹脂溶液之濃度過高或過低,均損害塗佈作業性,故而較佳為設為5~35重量%。
為了抑制氯之脫離,本發明之氯化聚烯烴樹脂較佳為預先與穩定劑共存。作為穩定劑,較佳為環氧化合物。環氧化合物較佳為(B)與由氯所改性之氯化聚烯烴樹脂相溶者。
作為環氧化合物,例如可列舉:環氧當量為100至500左右且於一分子中包含一個以上環氧基之環氧化合物。更詳細而言,可列舉以下之化合物:
將具有天然之不飽和基之植物油利用過乙酸等過酸進行環氧化而成之環氧化大豆油或環氧化亞麻籽油;將油酸、妥爾油脂肪酸、大豆油脂肪酸等不飽和脂肪酸進行環氧化而成之環氧化脂肪酸酯類;以環氧化四氫鄰苯二甲酸酯為代表之環氧化脂環式化合物;使雙酚A或多元醇與表氯醇縮合而成之例如雙酚A縮水甘油醚、乙二醇縮水甘油醚、丙二醇縮水甘油醚、甘油聚縮水甘油醚、山梨糖醇聚縮水甘油醚;以丁基縮水甘油醚、2-乙基己基縮水甘油醚、癸基縮水甘油醚、硬脂基縮水甘油醚、烯丙基縮水甘油醚、苯基縮水甘油醚、第二丁基苯基縮水甘油醚、第三丁基苯基縮水甘油醚、苯酚聚環氧乙烷縮水甘油醚等為代表之單環氧化合物類;用作聚氯乙烯樹脂之穩定劑之硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鉛等金屬皂類;二月桂酸二丁基錫、順丁烯二酸二丁酯等有機金屬化合物類;鋁碳酸鎂類化合物。
再者,作為穩定劑,可僅使用該等中之一種,亦可併用兩種以上。
[2.底塗組合物、塗料組合物、墨水組合物、接著劑組合物]
本發明之底塗組合物、塗料組合物、墨水組合物、接著劑組合物係將上述之氯化聚烯烴樹脂添加至底塗、塗料、墨水、接著劑等中而成之組合物。底塗、塗料、墨水、接著劑中,藉由添加至包含有機溶劑之材料中,可有效地發揮以溶液穩定性為代表之氯化聚烯烴樹脂之效果。再者,於添加時,可添加氯化聚烯烴樹脂,亦可添加上述之樹脂溶液。
本發明之底塗組合物、塗料組合物、墨水組合物、及接著劑組合物通常除上述之氯化聚烯烴樹脂以外,亦包含溶劑。關於氯化聚烯烴樹脂,如已說明般。又,關於溶劑,亦可列舉作為氯化聚烯烴樹脂之樹脂溶液所說明之溶劑。底塗組合物、塗料組合物、墨水組合物、及接著劑組合物中所含之溶劑係為了維持塗料或墨水之物性而添加之有機溶劑之代表性者,可與樹脂溶液之溶劑相同,亦可不同。
本發明之底塗組合物、塗料組合物、墨水組合物、及接著劑組合物亦可包含底塗、塗料、墨水、及接著劑中通常所含之其他樹脂。作為其他樹脂,例如可列舉:丙烯酸系樹脂、聚酯樹脂、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、聚醚樹脂、聚碳酸酯樹脂、醇酸樹脂、乙酸乙烯酯系樹脂、改性聚烯烴樹脂。
作為丙烯酸系樹脂,可例示:於一分子中分別具有一個以上之羥基及聚合性不飽和鍵之聚合性不飽和單體、或可與該單體共聚之聚合性不飽和單體。
作為可與於一分子中分別具有一個以上之羥基及聚合性不飽和鍵之聚合性不飽和單體共聚的聚合性不飽和單體,可例示以下者。
(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸第三丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸壬酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十三烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂酯、(甲基)丙烯酸硬脂酯、(甲基)丙烯酸環己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸甲基環己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸第三丁基環己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸環十二烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸三環癸酯等(甲基)丙烯酸烷基或環烷基酯;
具有異𦯉基之聚合性不飽和單體;
具有金剛烷基之聚合性不飽和單體;
具有三環癸烯基之聚合性不飽和單體;
苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、(甲基)丙烯酸苄酯等含芳香環之聚合性不飽和單體;
具有烷氧基矽烷基之聚合性不飽和單體;
具有氟化烷基之聚合性不飽和單體;
具有順丁烯二醯亞胺基等光聚合性官能基之聚合性不飽和單體;
N-乙烯基吡咯啶酮、乙烯、丁二烯、氯丁二烯、丙酸乙烯酯、乙酸乙烯酯等乙烯系化合物;(甲基)丙烯酸、順丁烯二酸、丁烯酸、丙烯酸β-羧基乙酯等含羧基之聚合性不飽和單體;
(甲基)丙烯腈、(甲基)丙烯醯胺、(甲基)丙烯酸N,N-二甲基胺基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸N,N-二乙基胺基乙酯、N,N-二甲基胺基丙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、亞甲基雙(甲基)丙烯醯胺、伸乙基雙(甲基)丙烯醯胺、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基胺基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸縮水甘油酯與胺類之加成物等含氮聚合性不飽和單體;
於一分子中具有兩個以上之(甲基)丙烯酸烯丙酯、1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯等聚合性不飽和基之聚合性不飽和單體;
(甲基)丙烯酸縮水甘油酯、(甲基)丙烯酸β-甲基縮水甘油酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3,4-環氧環己基甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3,4-環氧環己基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3,4-環氧環己基丙酯、烯丙基縮水甘油醚等含環氧基之聚合性不飽和單體;
具有分子末端為烷氧基之聚氧乙烯鏈之(甲基)丙烯酸酯;
具有磺酸基之聚合性不飽和單體;(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-羥基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羥基丁酯等(甲基)丙烯酸與碳數2~8之二元醇之單酯化物;或(甲基)丙烯酸與碳數2~8之二元醇之單酯化物之ε-己內酯改性體;或N-羥基甲基(甲基)丙烯醯胺;或具有分子末端為羥基之聚氧乙烯鏈之(甲基)丙烯酸酯等(甲基)丙烯酸之衍生物。
聚酯樹脂例如可列舉:藉由酸成分與醇成分之酯反應或酯交換反應所製造之樹脂。
作為酸成分,於製造聚酯樹脂時,可使用作為酸成分通常所使用之化合物。作為酸成分,例如可列舉:脂肪族多元酸、脂環族多元酸、芳香族多元酸。
作為醇成分,可使用多元醇。作為多元醇,例如可列舉以下之化合物。
乙二醇、丙二醇、二乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、四乙二醇、三乙二醇、二丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,2-丁二醇、3-甲基-1,2-丁二醇、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、1,2-戊二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,4-戊二醇、2,4-戊二醇、2,3-二甲基1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、3-甲基-4,3-戊二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,5-己二醇、1,4-己二醇、2,5-己二醇、新戊二醇、1,4-環己烷二甲醇、三環癸烷二甲醇、氫化雙酚A、氫化雙酚F等二元醇;
使ε-己內酯等內酯類與上述之二元醇加成而成之聚內酯二醇;
對苯二甲酸雙(羥基乙基)酯等酯二醇類;
雙酚A之環氧烷加成物、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚丁二醇等聚醚二醇類;
甘油、三羥甲基乙烷、三羥甲基丙烷、二甘油、三甘油、1,2,6-己三醇、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、三(2-羥基乙基)異三聚氰酸、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇等三元以上之醇;
使ε-己內酯等內酯類與該等三元以上之醇加成而成之聚內酯多元醇類。
聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂並無特別限定,可例示利用下述之製法i~iii所製造之胺基甲酸酯分散液。
(製法i)使多官能異氰酸酯化合物、於一分子中具有兩個以上羥基之多元醇、及二羥甲基丙二醇、二羥甲基丁二醇等同時具有羥基與羧酸基之親水化劑於二月桂酸二丁基錫等觸媒之存在下,於異氰酸基過量之狀態下反應而獲得胺基甲酸酯預聚物,將該胺基甲酸酯預聚物中之羧酸藉由胺類等有機鹼、或氫氧化鉀、氫氧化鈉等無機鹼進行中和,添加離子交換水進行水性化後,進而藉由鏈伸長劑進行高分子量化而獲得胺基甲酸酯分散液之製法。
(製法ii)合成不具有羧酸之胺基甲酸酯預聚物,使用羧酸、磺酸、乙二醇等具有親水基之二醇或二胺進行鏈伸長,利用上述鹼進行中和而水性化後,視需要進而使用鏈伸長劑進行高分子量化而獲得胺基甲酸酯分散液之製法。
(製法iii)於(製法i)及(製法ii)中,視需要亦併用乳化劑而獲得胺基甲酸酯分散液之製法。
作為多官能異氰酸酯化合物,例如可列舉:1,6-己二異氰酸酯、離胺酸二異氰酸酯、異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯、環己烷-1,4-二異氰酸酯、苯二甲基二異氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二異氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二異氰酸酯等二異氰酸酯化合物;
二異氰酸酯化合物之加成體、縮二脲體、異氰尿酸酯體等多官能異氰酸酯化合物等。
作為多元醇,例如可列舉:聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇。
環氧樹脂係於分子中具有一個以上環氧基之水性樹脂。作為環氧樹脂,可使用該技術領域中公知者。
例如可列舉:將使表氯醇與酚系酚醛清漆樹脂加成所獲得之酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂利用乳化劑強制性地進行乳液化而成之樹脂;將同樣地使表氯醇與雙酚加成所獲得之雙酚型環氧樹脂利用乳化劑進行強制乳化而成之樹脂。
本發明之底塗組合物、塗料組合物、墨水組合物、及接著劑組合物亦可包含顏料。所謂顏料,係指不溶於水、油、溶劑等中而本身具有顏色之粉末固體、且形成塗料或墨水之色彩等之成分。
作為顏料,具有著色顏料、體質顏料及功能性顏料三種。其中,著色顏料係決定塗料或墨水之顏色之顏料。另一方面,關於本發明之塗料組合物,若具有著色顏料,則為有色(著色塗料),若不含著色顏料,則為無色(透明塗料),可為任一種。
作為著色顏料,有有機顏料與無機顏料,可為任一種。作為有機顏料,例如可列舉:偶氮色澱系顏料、不溶性偶氮系顏料、縮合偶氮系顏料、酞菁系顏料、靛藍系顏料、芘系顏料、苝系顏料、喹酞酮系顏料、二㗁 𠯤系顏料、喹吖啶酮系顏料、異吲哚啉酮系顏料、苯并咪唑酮系顏料、吡咯并吡咯二酮系顏料、金屬錯合物顏料。又,作為無機顏料,例如可列舉:黃氧化鐵、鐵丹、碳黑、二氧化鈦等。
作為功能性顏料,例如可列舉:包含膽固醇狀液晶聚合物之片狀顏料、鋁片顏料、由金屬氧化物被覆之氧化鋁片顏料、由金屬氧化物被覆之二氧化矽片顏料、石墨顏料、干擾雲母顏料、著色雲母顏料、金屬鈦片顏料、不鏽鋼片顏料、板狀氧化鐵顏料、由金屬鍍覆之玻璃片顏料、由金屬氧化物鍍覆之玻璃片顏料、全像顏料。
作為體質顏料,例如可列舉:硫酸鋇、滑石、高嶺土、矽酸鹽類。
使底塗組合物、塗料組合物、墨水組合物、及接著劑組合物中含有顏料之方法並無特別限制。例如,可製成以顏料膏之形態分散於組合物中之狀態。顏料膏通常可藉由將顏料及樹脂添加至溶劑中進行分散而製備。又,可使用市售之顏料膏。作為上述樹脂,並無特別限定,例如可列舉:丙烯酸多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚丙烯酸等水溶性樹脂。作為上述溶劑,並無特別限定,可列舉:甲苯、二甲苯等有機溶劑、水。於上述分散中,通常使用砂磨機等機器。
本發明之底塗組合物、塗料組合物、墨水組合物、及接著劑組合物於無損本發明之效果之範圍內,視需要亦可含有其他調配物。作為該調配物,並無特別限定,例如可列舉:表面調整劑、防沈澱劑、消光劑、紫外線吸收劑、光穩定劑、抗氧化劑、蠟、造膜助劑、交聯劑、增黏劑、消泡劑、染料。
[3.積層體]
本發明之積層體具有聚乙烯膜層或聚丙烯膜層、及包含上述之氯化聚烯烴樹脂之層。上述之氯化聚烯烴樹脂與包含聚乙烯基材之聚烯烴基材之附著性優異,故而膜層與樹脂層之層間之密接性可變得良好。
作為聚乙烯膜,並無特別限定。例如可使用高壓法低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、直鏈狀短鏈分支聚乙烯(LLDPE)、中低壓法高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、茂金屬觸媒直鏈狀短鏈分支聚乙烯(LLDPE)之公知之聚乙烯膜。
作為聚丙烯膜,並無特別限定。例如可使用雙軸延伸聚丙烯膜(OPP)、無延伸聚丙烯膜(CPP)之公知之聚丙烯膜。
[實施例]
以下,將本發明藉由實施例而詳細地說明。以下之實施例係用於較佳地說明本發明者,並不限定本發明。再者,物性值等之測定方法只要沒有另外記載,則為上述中記載之測定方法。
[熱密封強度試驗(gf/15 mm)]:
熱密封強度試驗係使兩片膜之塗佈面彼此重疊,於以50℃-2 kg/cm2
或70℃-2 kg/cm2
進行10秒之壓接條件下進行熱密封,於24小時後藉由Tensilon而作為180度剝離強度試驗進行評價。再者,拉伸速度設為50 mm/min。
[重量平均分子量(Mw)及數量平均分子量(Mn)]:
利用下述之條件所測定之值。
測定機器:HLC-8320GPC(Tosoh公司製造)
溶離液:四氫呋喃
管柱:TS Kgel(Tosoh公司製造)
[分散指數(Mw/Mn)]:
由所測定之Mw及Mn值,藉由計算而算出。
[共聚物中之各單體之結構單元含有率(%)]:
各單體之結構單元含有率係由用於聚合之單體組成比而求出。於用於聚合之單體組成比不明之情形時,如下所述般使用核磁共振裝置(NMR)進行測定。
將試樣約60 mg溶解於四氯乙烷(d2)中,根據下述條件測定13
C-NMR光譜,由鏈亞甲基碳訊號之積分值而計算結構單元含有率。
觀測範圍:250 ppm
測定模式:單脈衝質子去耦
脈衝角:5.25 μ秒(45°)
重複時間:5.5秒
測定溫度:120℃
[溶液穩定性]:
於氯化聚烯烴樹脂之甲苯分散液中,添加相對於樹脂為4重量%之EPIOL SB(日本油脂公司製造),目視於室溫下放置1個月時之液狀或外觀之變化,如下般進行評價。
A:淡黃色之透明溶液,不分離
B:雖然微濁,但不分離
C:白濁、不分離
[熔體流動速率(MFR)(g/10 min)]:
依據ASTM D1238,於190℃之測定溫度、測定負重2.16 kg之條件下藉由熔融流動指數測試機(安田精機製作所製造)而算出。
[Tm(℃)]:
依據JIS K7121-1987,使用DSC測定裝置(精工電子工業製造),將約5 mg之試樣於200℃下保持10分鐘加熱熔解狀態後,以10℃/min之速度進行降溫並於-50℃下穩定保持。其後,進而以10℃/min升溫至200℃進行熔解,測定此時之熔解峰溫度,將該溫度作為Tm而進行評價。
[軟化點(℃)]:
使用MP-500P軟化點測定裝置(Yanaco機器開發研究所製造),將試樣製作為膜狀。其後,以每分鐘5℃進行加熱,將以目視觀察試樣之形狀變化(熔解狀態)而得之溫度作為軟化點溫度而進行評價。
[氯含有率(%)]:基於JIS-K7229-1995進行測定。
(實施例1)
將以茂金屬觸媒作為聚合觸媒所製造之乙烯與辛烯之共聚物(乙烯:辛烯=90:10)(MFR=30 g/10 min,Tm=58℃)2 kg投入至玻璃襯裡之反應釜中,添加37 L之氯仿,於2 kg/cm2
之壓力下,於溫度110℃下充分地溶解。添加作為起始劑之過氧化2-己酸第三丁酯2 g,將上述釜內壓力控制為2 kg/cm2
,並且一面照射紫外線,一面自反應釜之底部吹入氯氣及氧氣進行氯化。於中途進行三點採樣,將作為溶劑之氯仿利用蒸發器進行蒸餾去除。其後,利用甲苯進行置換,將作為穩定劑之EPIOL SB(日本油脂公司製造)相對於樹脂添加4重量%,獲得樹脂濃度10-15重量%之氯化乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物樹脂溶液(氯化聚烯烴樹脂之樹脂溶液)。將樹脂之物性示於表1。將所獲得之樹脂溶液於室溫下放置1個月,結果未見液狀、外觀發生變化。
(實施例2、3)
將氯氣及氧氣之吹入時間進行變更,將氯含有率進行變更,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式,獲得氯化聚烯烴樹脂之樹脂溶液。
(比較例1)
將以齊格勒-納塔觸媒作為聚合觸媒所製造之乙烯蠟(Tm=108℃)2 kg投入至玻璃襯裡之反應釜中,添加37 L之氯仿,於2 kg/cm2
之壓力下,於溫度110℃下充分地溶解。添加作為起始劑之過氧化2-己酸第三丁酯2 g,將上述釜內壓力控制為2 kg/cm2
,並且一面照射紫外線,一面自反應釜之底部吹入氯氣及氧氣進行氯化。於中途進行三點採樣,將作為溶劑之氯仿利用蒸發器進行蒸餾去除。其後,利用甲苯進行置換,將作為穩定劑之EPIOL SB(日本油脂公司製造)相對於樹脂添加4重量%,獲得樹脂濃度10-15重量%之氯化聚乙烯樹脂溶液。將樹脂之物性示於表1。將所獲得之樹脂溶液於室溫下放置1個月,結果液狀、外觀成為表1所示之結果。
(比較例2、3)
將氯氣及氧氣之吹入時間進行變更,將氯含有率進行變更,除此以外,以與比較例1相同之方式,獲得氯化聚乙烯樹脂溶液。
(實施例4)
將以茂金屬觸媒作為聚合觸媒所製造之乙烯-丁烯系共聚物(乙烯約90%-丁烯約10%)(MFR=3.6 g/10 min,Tm=55℃)2 kg投入至玻璃襯裡之反應釜中,添加37 L之氯仿,於2 kg/cm2
之壓力下,於溫度110℃下充分地溶解。添加作為起始劑之過氧化2-己酸第三丁酯2 g,將上述釜內壓力控制為2 kg/cm2
,並且一面照射紫外線,一面自反應釜之底部吹入氯氣及氧氣進行氯化。於中途進行三點採樣,將作為溶劑之氯仿利用蒸發器進行蒸餾去除。其後,利用甲苯進行置換,將作為穩定劑之EPIOL SB(日本油脂公司製造)相對於樹脂添加4重量%,獲得樹脂濃度10-15重量%之氯化乙烯-丁烯系共聚物樹脂溶液(氯化聚烯烴樹脂之樹脂溶液)。將樹脂之物性示於表1。將所獲得之樹脂溶液於室溫下放置1個月,但未見液狀、外觀發生變化。
(實施例5、6)
將氯氣及氧氣之吹入時間進行變更,將氯含有率進行變更,除此以外,以與實施例4相同之方式,獲得氯化聚烯烴樹脂之樹脂溶液。
(實施例7)
將以茂金屬觸媒作為聚合觸媒所製造之乙烯-丁烯系共聚物(乙烯約70%-丁烯約30%)(MFR=3.6 g/10 min,Tm=55℃)2 kg投入至玻璃襯裡之反應釜中,添加37 L之氯仿,於2 kg/cm2
之壓力下,於溫度110℃下充分地溶解。添加作為起始劑之過氧化2-己酸第三丁酯2 g,將上述釜內壓力控制為2 kg/cm2
,並且一面照射紫外線,一面自反應釜之底部吹入氯氣與氧氣進行氯化。於中途進行五點採樣,將作為溶劑之氯仿利用蒸發器進行蒸餾去除。其後,利用甲苯進行置換,將作為穩定劑之EPIOL SB(日本油脂公司製造)相對於樹脂添加4重量%,獲得樹脂濃度10-15重量%之氯化乙烯-丁烯系共聚物樹脂溶液(氯化聚烯烴樹脂之樹脂溶液)。將樹脂之物性示於表1。將所獲得之樹脂溶液於室溫下放置1個月,但未見液狀、外觀發生變化。
(實施例8~11)
將氯氣及氧氣之吹入時間進行變更,將氯含有率進行變更,除此以外,以與實施例7相同之方式,獲得氯化聚烯烴樹脂之樹脂溶液。
(實施例12)
將以茂金屬觸媒作為聚合觸媒所製造之乙烯-丙烯系共聚物(乙烯約90%-丙烯約10%)(MFR=4.3 g/10 min,Tm=58℃)2 kg投入至玻璃襯裡之反應釜中,添加37 L之氯仿,於2 kg/cm2
之壓力下,於溫度110℃下充分地溶解。添加作為起始劑之過氧化2-己酸第三丁酯2 g,將上述釜內壓力控制為2 kg/cm2
,並且一面照射紫外線,一面自反應釜之底部吹入氯氣與氧氣進行氯化。於中途進行三點採樣,將作為溶劑之氯仿利用蒸發器進行蒸餾去除。其後,利用甲苯進行置換,將作為穩定劑之EPIOL SB(日本油脂公司製造)相對於樹脂添加4重量%,獲得樹脂濃度10-15重量%之氯化乙烯-丙烯系共聚物樹脂溶液(氯化聚烯烴樹脂之樹脂溶液)。將樹脂之物性示於表1。將所獲得之樹脂溶液於室溫下放置1個月,但未見液狀、外觀發生變化。
(實施例13~14)
將氯氣及氧氣之吹入時間進行適宜變更,如表1記載般變更氯含有率,除此以外,以與實施例12相同之方式,獲得氯化聚烯烴樹脂之樹脂溶液。
(實施例15)
將作為乙烯-丁烯系共聚物(乙烯約87%-丁烯約13%)之生質功能性聚乙烯(「LLDPE SLL318」,BRASKEM公司製造)(MFR=2.8 g/10 min,Tm=120℃)2 kg投入至玻璃襯裡之反應釜中,添加37 L之氯仿,於2 kg/cm2
之壓力下,於溫度110℃下充分地溶解。添加作為起始劑之過氧化2-己酸第三丁酯2 g,將上述釜內壓力控制為2 kg/cm2
,並且一面照射紫外線,一面自反應釜之底部吹入氯氣與氧氣進行氯化。於中途進行三點採樣,將作為溶劑之氯仿利用蒸發器進行蒸餾去除。其後,利用甲苯進行置換,將作為穩定劑之EPIOL SB(日本油脂公司製造)相對於樹脂添加4重量%,獲得樹脂濃度10-15重量%之氯化乙烯-丁烯系共聚物樹脂溶液(氯化聚烯烴樹脂之樹脂溶液)。將樹脂之物性示於表1。將所獲得之樹脂溶液於室溫下放置1個月,但未見液狀、外觀發生變化。
根據表1之結果可知,以茂金屬觸媒作為聚合觸媒所製造之具有乙烯結構單元與其他α-烯烴結構單元的共聚物之氯化物(實施例1~14)即便氯含有率較低,液狀亦為良好。
又,可知,即便使用源自生質之聚乙烯共聚物之氯化物(實施例15),亦與源自石油資源之聚乙烯共聚物之氯化物同樣地,液狀為良好。
將實施例及比較例中所製備之氯化聚烯烴樹脂之樹脂分散體或氯化聚乙烯樹脂溶液使用CoatingLot #10塗佈於未處理延伸聚丙烯膜(以下,稱為「未處理OPP」)、直鏈狀低密度聚乙烯(以下,稱為「LLDPE」)、低密度聚乙烯(以下,稱為「LDPE」)、或高密度聚乙烯(以下,稱為「HDPE」)之各膜,於室溫下乾燥24小時,於膜上製造包含氯化聚烯烴樹脂之塗佈面。使用該塗佈面進行熱密封強度試驗。將結果記載於表2中。
由表2之結果可知,以茂金屬觸媒作為聚合觸媒所製造之具有乙烯結構單元與其他α-烯烴結構單元的共聚物之氯化物(實施例1~14)與先前之以齊格勒-納塔觸媒作為聚合觸媒所製造的聚乙烯之氯化物相比,於適宜之氯化度中,與聚乙烯膜或聚丙烯膜之熱密封物性優異。又,可知,即便使用源自生質之聚乙烯共聚物之氯化物(實施例15),以與源自石油資源之聚乙烯共聚物之氯化物同樣地,熱密封物性為良好。根據該等結果可知,相當於本發明之具有乙烯結構單元與其他α-烯烴結構單元之共聚物之氯化物作為塗料用、底塗用、或墨水用之密接性賦予劑或接著劑較為有效。
Claims (10)
- 如請求項1之樹脂溶液,其中氯化聚烯烴樹脂之氯含有率為10~40%。
- 如請求項1或2之樹脂溶液,其中氯化聚烯烴樹脂之重量平均分子量為3,000~250,000。
- 如請求項1或2之樹脂溶液,其中上述共聚物之熔點(Tm)為40~140℃。
- 一種底塗組合物,其包含如請求項1至4中任一項之樹脂溶液。
- 一種塗料組合物,其包含如請求項1至4中任一項之樹脂溶液。
- 一種墨水組合物,其包含如請求項1至4中任一項之樹脂溶液。
- 一種接著劑組合物,其包含如請求項1至4中任一項之樹脂溶液。
- 一種積層體,其具有聚乙烯膜層、及由如請求項1至4中任一項之樹脂溶液所形成之層。
- 一種積層體,其具有聚丙烯膜層、及由如請求項1至4中任一項之樹脂溶液所形成之層。
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CN1016429B (zh) * | 1986-11-18 | 1992-04-29 | 昭和电工株式会社 | 氯化乙烯-丙烯类共聚物的生产方法 |
US5237010A (en) * | 1990-04-17 | 1993-08-17 | Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. | Chlorinated ethylene-α-olefin copolymer rubber and composition |
US5470919A (en) * | 1993-07-29 | 1995-11-28 | Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. | Chlorinated ethylene/α-olefin copolymer rubber and composition containing the same |
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JPH05271329A (ja) * | 1992-03-25 | 1993-10-19 | Showa Denko Kk | 低分子量ポリオレフィンの塩素化方法 |
JPH06116453A (ja) * | 1992-10-07 | 1994-04-26 | Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd | 変性塩素化エチレン・α−オレフィン共重合体ラテックス |
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