TWI767023B - 撥水構件及撥水構件的製造方法 - Google Patents
撥水構件及撥水構件的製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI767023B TWI767023B TW107122899A TW107122899A TWI767023B TW I767023 B TWI767023 B TW I767023B TW 107122899 A TW107122899 A TW 107122899A TW 107122899 A TW107122899 A TW 107122899A TW I767023 B TWI767023 B TW I767023B
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- fluorine
- oxide
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- silicon dioxide
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- LGUZHRODIJCVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluoroheptane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F LGUZHRODIJCVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVBBRRALBYAZBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorooctane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YVBBRRALBYAZBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVZRBWKZFJCCIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorotributylamine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)N(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F RVZRBWKZFJCCIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQZYBQIAUSKCCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorotripentylamine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)N(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F AQZYBQIAUSKCCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000306 polymethylpentene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011116 polymethylpentene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005156 substituted alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種含有以下步驟的方法,藉由該方法等所得的於各種基材的外表面上,設置將二氧化矽奈米粒子作為主成分的特定厚度之二氧化矽層後,於該二氧化矽層的外表面上,設置將含氟有機矽化合物的硬化物作為主成分的特定厚度之撥水撥油層的撥水構件,該撥水構件可將具有優良的耐摩耗性之撥水撥油被膜在穩定下簡便地賦予各種基材上。該方法所含有的步驟為,於基材的外表面上將含有二氧化矽奈米粒子與溶劑的分散液進行濕式塗布之步驟、自該分散液將該溶劑進行乾燥除去的步驟、乾燥除去該溶劑而形成的二氧化矽層之外表面上,將含有含氟有機矽化合物與溶劑的溶液進行濕式塗布之步驟,與自該溶液將該溶劑進行乾燥除去而使含氟有機矽化合物硬化的步驟。
Description
本發明係關於一種撥水構件及撥水構件的製造方法,更詳細為有關於基材與撥水撥油層之間,設有將二氧化矽奈米粒子作為主成分的二氧化矽層之撥水構件及該撥水構件的製造方法。
近年來,欲使外觀或辨識性更為良好,使污垢難以附著的技術,或使污垢容易脫落的技術之要求則年年提高,特別對於眼鏡鏡片、智慧型手機、可穿戴終端(Wearable terminal)、汽車導航系統、電子機器的外殼、廚房流理臺或輸送機器的本體表面,因皮脂或油垢容易附著,故設有撥水撥油層者為佳。然而,作為撥水撥油劑而使用的具有氟基的化合物,因其表面自由能量非常小,而對於各種基材具有非黏著性、非密著性,故難將撥水撥油劑直接密著於基材上。
欲解決如此問題,作為可將玻璃等基材表面進行撥水撥油處理的處理劑,例如在特開2011-116947號公報(專利文獻1)中已揭示下述平均組成式所示含有氟氧基伸烷基之聚合物組成物。(式中Rf1
為含有-Cd
F2d
O-(d為1~6的整數,每個重複單位可為相異)之重複單位5~100個的2價直鏈型氟氧基伸烷基,A及B彼此獨立為Rf2
基或選自下述式所示基的基,Rf2
為F、H、末端為-CF3
基或-CF2
H基的1價含有氟的基,Q為2價有機基,Z為具有矽氧烷鍵的2~7價有機聚矽氧烷殘基,R為碳數1~4的烷基或苯基,X為水解性基,a為2或3,b為1~6,c為1~5的整數,β為0或1的整數)
然而,在專利文獻1所提案的處理劑中,以玻璃等為代表的表面上,即存在多數矽烷醇基(鍵結於矽原子的羥基)之基板的表面上,顯示比較優良的耐久性,但對於金屬、金屬氧化物或樹脂等表面,難得到優良密著性。
作為提高密著性的方法,已有揭示藉由乾式法(蒸鍍法或濺射法)將SiO2
層作為底漆層的設置方法(國際公開第2014/097388號:專利文獻2)。藉由使用該方法,雖記載可形成優良耐久性之撥水撥油層,但必須在真空中進行處理,且對大型基板進行塗層時,必須要有大規模的裝置,故由生產性、生產成本的觀點來看,其應用範圍受到限制。
一方面,已揭示藉由濕式法可設置底漆層的聚矽氮烷溶液(國際公開第2010/038648號:專利文獻3)。將聚矽氮烷溶液塗布於基材表面後,利用該聚矽氮烷溶液與水分反應而轉化為二氧化矽玻璃。該方法由不需使用真空製程之觀點來看,比乾式法更優,但欲使撥水撥油層的密著性穩定時,必須要長時間的高溫加熱或加濕,故在生產性、成本的層面上產生問題,有著可應用的基材亦受到限制的問題點。 且作為有關本發明之過去技術,可舉出上述文獻與下述文獻。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1] 特開2011-116947號公報 [專利文獻2] 國際公開第2014/097388號 [專利文獻3] 國際公開第2010/038648號 [專利文獻4] 特開2007-197425號公報 [專利文獻5] 特開2007-297589號公報 [專利文獻6] 特開2007-297543號公報 [專利文獻7] 特開2008-088412號公報 [專利文獻8] 特開2008-144144號公報 [專利文獻9] 特開2010-031184號公報 [專利文獻10] 特開2010-047516號公報 [專利文獻11] 特開2011-178835號公報 [專利文獻12] 特開2014-084405號公報 [專利文獻13] 特開2014-105235號公報 [專利文獻14] 特開2013-253228號公報 [專利文獻15] 特開2014-218639號公報 [專利文獻16] 國際公開第2013/121984號
[發明所解決的問題]
本發明為有鑑於上述情事所成者,故已提供具有優良耐摩耗性的撥水構件,及將於各種基材外表面上具有優良耐摩耗性的撥水撥油層藉由濕式法而形成的撥水構件之製造方法為目的者。 [解決課題的手段]
本發明者們欲達成上述目的而重複詳細檢討結果,發現藉由具有於基材外表面上將含有二氧化矽奈米粒子與溶劑的分散液進行濕式塗布的步驟、自該分散液乾燥除去該溶劑的步驟、乾燥除去該溶劑而形成的二氧化矽層之外表面上將含有含氟有機矽化合物與溶劑的溶液進行濕式塗布的步驟,與自該溶液乾燥除去該溶劑而硬化含氟有機矽化合物的步驟之方法等而得之於各種基材外表面上設有將二氧化矽奈米粒子作為主成分之特定厚度的二氧化矽層後,於該二氧化矽層的外表面上進一步設置將含氟有機矽化合物的硬化物作為主成分的特定厚度之撥水撥油層的撥水構件,可使穩定具有優良耐摩耗性的撥水撥油被膜,且簡便地賦予各種基材,而完成本發明。
即,本發明提供下述撥水構件及撥水構件的製造方法。 [1] 一種撥水構件,其為於基材的外表面上具有含有二氧化矽奈米粒子50質量%以上的膜厚1nm~5μm之二氧化矽層,且於該二氧化矽層的外表面上具有將含氟有機矽化合物的硬化物作為主成分的膜厚0.5~30nm之撥水撥油層者。 [2] 含氟有機矽化合物為至少具有1個水解性基之含有氟氧基伸烷基的有機矽化合物之[1]所記載的撥水構件。 [3] 含氟有機矽化合物為選自下述一般式(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)及(5)所示氟含有水解性有機矽化合物的至少1種之[1]或[2]所記載的撥水構件。[式中,Rf為-(CF2
)d
-O-(CF2
O)p
(CF2
CF2
O)q
(CF2
CF2
CF2
O)r
(CF2
CF2
CF2
CF2
O)s
(CF(CF3
)CF2
O)t
-(CF2
)d
-,p、q、r、s、t各獨立為0~200的整數,且p+q+r+s+t=3~500,這些括弧內所示各單位可以無規方式鍵結,d獨立為0~8的整數,該單位可為直鏈狀,亦可為支鏈狀。A為氟原子、氫原子,或末端為-CF3
基、-CF2
H基或者-CH2
F基的1價含氟的基,Z、Z’獨立為單鍵,或可含有氮原子、氧原子、矽原子、磷原子或者硫原子,亦可由氟取代之2~8價有機基,W為於末端具有水解性基之1價有機基。α、β各獨立為1~7的整數,且α+β=2~8。γ為2~8的整數](式中,Rf、A基與前述相同,Q為單鍵或2價有機基,δ為1~10的整數,Y為具有水解性基的2價有機基,B為氫原子、碳數1~4的烷基,或鹵素原子) [4] 式(1)~(5)所示含有氟的水解性有機矽化合物為下述所示者[3]所記載的撥水構件。 (式中,Me為甲基,p1、q1、r1、s1、t1各獨立為1~200的整數,且p1、q1、r1、s1、t1的合計為3~500,這些括弧內所示各單位可藉由無規方式鍵結) [5] 二氧化矽奈米粒子的平均粒徑為30nm以下之[1]~[4]中任一所記載的撥水構件。 [6] 於含有二氧化矽奈米粒子50質量%以上之二氧化矽層中,含有選自平均粒徑為30nm以下的氧化鈦奈米粒子、鉑奈米粒子及氧化錫奈米粒子的1種或2種以上0.1~50質量%者之[1]~[5]中任一所記載的撥水構件。 [7] 基材為金屬氧化物、金屬、樹脂、陶瓷、石英、玻璃、藍寶石或鑽石的[1]~[6]中任一所記載的撥水構件。 [8] 一種具有如[1]~[7]中任一所記載的撥水潑油層之撥水構件的製造方法,其特徵為含有將於基材的外表面上含有二氧化矽奈米粒子與溶劑的分散液進行濕式塗布的步驟、自該分散液將該溶劑進行乾燥除去的步驟、於乾燥除去該溶劑而形成的二氧化矽層之外表面上,將含有含氟有機矽化合物與溶劑的溶液進行濕式塗布的步驟,與自該溶液將該溶劑進行乾燥除去,使含氟有機矽化合物硬化的步驟。 [發明之效果]
依據本發明,可形成具有優良撥水撥油性的防污層表面強固地密著的撥水構件。該撥水構件的製造方法並未將真空製程或高溫的加熱製程作為必須步驟,可在濕式(噴霧、浸漬、刷毛塗布、旋塗)製程中形成,可適用於種種用途上。例如可使用於於表面具有防污性的物品,特別為電子機器的外殼、可穿戴終端、廚房用品及衛生用品、輸送用機器的機體、觸控板顯示等上。
[實施發明的型態]
以下對於本發明做詳細說明。 本發明為藉由於各種基材的外表面上,將含有二氧化矽奈米粒子與溶劑的分散液(奈米二氧化矽分散劑)進行濕式塗布後,自該分散液乾燥除去該溶劑並在各種基材的外表面上形成二氧化矽層,於該二氧化矽層的外表面上進一步將含有含氟有機矽化合物與溶劑的溶液(防污塗布劑)進行濕式塗布後,自該溶液乾燥除去該溶劑,同時硬化含氟有機矽化合物而於該二氧化矽層的外表面上形成撥水撥油層的方法等,提供於各種基材的外表面上,具有含有二氧化矽奈米粒子50質量%以上的膜厚1nm~5μm之二氧化矽層,進一步於該二氧化矽層的外表面上具有將含氟有機矽化合物的硬化物作為主成分的膜厚0.5~30nm之撥水撥油層的撥水構件者。
作為在本發明所適用的基材,並無特別限制,但以金屬氧化物、金屬、樹脂、陶瓷、石英、玻璃、藍寶石、鑽石特別適用。
其中,作為金屬氧化物,可舉出SiO、SiO2
、Al2
O3
、ITO、In2
O3
、SnO2
、ZrO2
、TiO2
、Ti2
O3
、Ti4
O7
、Ti3
O5
、Nb2
O5
、Ta2
O5
、Y2
O3
、WO3
、HfO2
、La2
Ti2
O7
等。 又,作為金屬,可舉出鎂、鎂合金、鈦、鈦合金、鉻、鐵、鎳、鈷、銅、鋅、釔、鋯、鈮、鉬、釕、銠、鈀、銀、鎢、鉑、金、不銹鋼、鋁、鋁合金、杜拉鋁(duralumin)、哈氏合金(Hastelloy)等。 且作為樹脂,可舉出熱可塑性樹脂或熱硬化性樹脂,具體可為以下者。賽璐珞(celluloid)、纖維素乙酸酯、纖維素丙酸酯、纖維素丁酸酯、6-尼龍、6,6-尼龍、12-尼龍等之脂肪族聚醯胺、芳香族聚醯胺、ABS、AS樹脂、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯(低密度或高密度)、聚丙烯等之聚烯烴、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯基共聚物、聚乙烯醇、聚縮醛、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丁烯對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等之飽和聚酯、芳香族聚酯、聚醚酮、聚醚醚酮、聚碸、聚醚碸、聚醚醯亞胺、聚芳酯、聚甲基戊烯、離聚物、液晶聚合物、聚醯亞胺、聚醯胺醯亞胺、氟樹脂、聚伸苯基硫化物、(變性)聚伸苯基氧化物、熱可塑性聚胺基甲酸酯等熱可塑性樹脂、或者、環氧樹脂、不飽和聚酯、熱硬化性聚胺基甲酸酯、聚醯亞胺、二乙二醇雙烯丙基碳酸酯(通稱CR-39)的聚合物、(鹵素化)雙酚A的二(甲基)丙烯酸酯的(共)聚合物、(鹵素化)雙酚A的胺基甲酸酯變性二(甲基)丙烯酸酯的(共)聚合物、二丙烯酸酯化合物或乙烯基苯甲基醇與不飽和硫醇化合物等共聚物等熱硬化性樹脂可舉出。
於上述基材的外表面上所形成的二氧化矽層為含有二氧化矽奈米粒子50質量%以上的膜厚1nm~5μm者。該二氧化矽層為於各種基材的表面上,將含有二氧化矽奈米粒子與溶劑的分散液(奈米二氧化矽分散劑)進行濕式塗布後,自該分散液乾燥除去該溶劑後可形成。
作為二氧化矽奈米粒子,平均粒徑(直徑)以30nm以下為佳,較佳為20nm以下,更佳為10nm以下,特佳為5nm以下。二氧化矽奈米粒子的平均粒徑大時,基材與二氧化矽奈米粒子的接觸點會變少,與基材的密著性會變差的情況會產生。平均粒徑的下限,通常為0.1nm以上,較佳為0.5nm以上程度即可。且對於本發明的平均粒徑,例如可作為藉由雷射光衍射法的粒度分布測定中之累積質量平均徑D50(或中間徑)等而求得。
二氧化矽奈米粒子對於基材與含氟層(撥水撥油層)之間的二氧化矽層,含有量為50~100質量%,較佳為60~100質量%。含有量若比50質量%少時,二氧化矽奈米粒子彼此的接觸會減少,故耐久性會變差。一方面,二氧化矽奈米粒子亦可為100質量%,但二氧化矽奈米粒子單獨時,因為產生空隙,可藉由混合其他粒子而提高密度。
作為與二氧化矽奈米粒子進行混合的粒子,平均粒徑以30nm以下為佳,較佳為20nm以下,更佳為1~10nm的氧化鈦、氧化錫、銀、鉑、銅、氧化鋁、氧化鈣、氧化鎂、氧化錳、氧化鎳、氧化鋯或多成分氧化物的奈米粒子等可舉出。彼等中,亦以氧化鈦奈米粒子、鉑奈米粒子、氧化錫奈米粒子為佳。這些可單獨使用1種,或混合2種以上後使用。使用這些粒子時,構成二氧化矽層的粒子(二氧化矽奈米粒子及其他粒子的合計)中,含有0.1~50質量%,特別以含有1~20質量%者為佳。
又,於奈米二氧化矽分散劑中,視必要可使用紫外線吸收劑、光安定劑、抗氧化劑、塗平劑、消泡劑、顏料、染料、分散劑、帶電防止劑、防霧劑等之界面活性劑類。
可分散二氧化矽奈米粒子的溶劑以純水或甲醇、乙醇為佳,並無特別限定,可由與基材的濕潤性或沸點做適宜選擇即可。含有二氧化矽奈米粒子與溶劑的分散液中之二氧化矽奈米粒子的濃度以0.01~10質量%為佳,以0.1~1質量%為更佳。若濃度過低時,會使未塗層部分增加,若濃度過高時,會有引起二氧化矽奈米粒子的2次凝集之可能性。
將上述二氧化矽奈米粒子分散於溶劑所成的奈米二氧化矽分散劑(分散液)可藉由濕式塗布,特別可藉由浸漬法、刷毛塗布、旋轉塗布法、噴霧塗裝、流動塗覆等方法塗布於基材表面,並乾燥溶劑後形成二氧化矽層。若欲使二氧化矽層的密度提高時,在不影響基材的溫度範圍下,可在50~500℃加熱10分鐘~24小時。
於基材表面所形成的二氧化矽層之膜厚,可藉由基材的種類做適宜選定,通常為1nm~5μm,較佳為2nm~0.5μm,特佳為2nm~30nm。且對於本發明,膜厚可藉由X線反射率法測定。
其次,於所形成的二氧化矽層之外表面上塗布防污塗布劑(含有含氟有機矽化合物與溶劑的溶液)後,自該溶液乾燥除去該溶劑而硬化該防污塗布劑,形成防污表面層。作為防污塗布劑,其為將含氟有機矽化合物作為主成分者。作為該含氟有機矽化合物,可使用特開2007-197425號公報、特開2007-297589號公報、特開2007-297543號公報、特開2008-088412號公報、特開2008-144144號公報、特開2010-031184號公報、特開2010-047516號公報、特開2011-116947號公報、特開2011-178835號公報、特開2014-084405號公報、特開2014-105235號公報、特開2013-253228號公報、特開2014-218639號公報、國際公開第2013/121984號(專利文獻1、4~16)所記載的含氟有機矽化合物。
有關含氟有機矽化合物做進一步具體說明。
有關本發明的含氟有機矽化合物(或含有氟的有機矽化合物)以至少具有1個水解性基之含氟有機矽化合物者為佳,該化合物為於1分子中具有碳數1~12的烷氧基及烷氧基烷氧基等水解性基,且具有氟原子的有機矽化合物者較佳。作為含氟有機矽化合物,較佳可為具有氟氧基伸烷基的化合物。所謂氟氧基伸烷基為,複數個 -Cj
F2j
O-所示重複單位進行鍵結的具有(聚)氟氧亞烷基結構的化合物(對於該結構,j為1以上,以1~6為佳,較佳為1~4的整數)。特別為具有該重複單位3~500個,較佳為15~200個,更佳為20~100個,更較佳為25~80個。
上述(聚)氟氧亞烷基結構,特別為-(CF2
)d
-O-(CF2
O)p
(CF2
CF2
O)q
(CF2
CF2
CF2
O)r
(CF2
CF2
CF2
CF2
O)s
(CF(CF3
)CF2
O)t
-(CF2
)d
-,p、q、r、s、t各獨立為0~200的整數,較佳為p為5~100的整數,q為5~100的整數,r為0~100的整數,s為0~50的整數,t為0~100的整數,且p+q+r+s+t=3~500的整數,較佳為10~100的整數。且,這些括弧內所示的各單位可藉由無規方式進行鍵結。d獨立為0~8的整數,較佳為0~5的整數,更佳為0~2的整數,該單位可為直鏈狀,亦可為支鏈狀。特別可由下述結構所表示。(式中,p’、q’、r’、s’、t’各獨立為1~200的整數,且p’、q’、r’、s’、t’的合計為3~500。這些括弧內所示的各單位可藉由無規方式鍵結。d’獨立為0~5的整數,該單位可為直鏈狀,亦可為支鏈狀)
式(1)~(5)中,Rf為-(CF2
)d
-O-(CF2
O)p
(CF2
CF2
O)q
(CF2
CF2
CF2
O)r
(CF2
CF2
CF2
CF2
O)s
(CF(CF3
)CF2
O)t
-(CF2
)d
-,p、q、r、s、t各獨立為0~200的整數,且p+q+r+s+t=3~500,這些括弧內所示的各單位可藉由無規方式鍵結,d獨立為0~8的整數,該單位可為直鏈狀亦可為支鏈狀。A為氟原子、氫原子,或末端為-CF3
基、-CF2
H基或者-CH2
F基的1價含有氟的基,Z、Z’獨立為單鍵,或可含有氮原子、氧原子、矽原子、磷原子或者硫原子,可由氟取代的2~8價有機基,W為於末端具有水解性基的1價有機基。α、β各獨立為1~7的整數,較佳為α為1~3的整數,較佳為1,β為1~3的整數,且α+β=2~8的整數,較佳為2~4的整數。γ為2~8的整數,較佳為2。 又,Q為單鍵或2價有機基,δ各獨立為1~10的整數,Y為具有水解性基的2價有機基,B為氫原子、碳數1~4的烷基或鹵素原子。
對於上述式(1)~(5),Rf為上述(聚)氟氧亞烷基結構之-(CF2
)d
-O-(CF2
O)p
(CF2
CF2
O)q
(CF2
CF2
CF2
O)r
(CF2
CF2
CF2
CF2
O)s
(CF(CF3
)CF2
O)t
-(CF2
)d
-,可例示出與上述相同者。
對於上述式(1)及(4),A為氟原子、氫原子或末端為-CF3
基、-CF2
H基或者-CH2
F基的含有1價氟的基。其中亦以-CF3
基、-CF2
CF3
基、-CF2
CF2
CF3
基為佳。
對於上述式(1)~(3),Z、Z’獨立為單鍵,或可含有氮原子、氧原子、矽原子、磷原子或者硫原子,亦可由氟取代的2~8價有機基。該有機基可由(L)e
-M(e為1~7的整數,較佳為1~3的整數)所表示。
其中,L為單鍵或氧原子、硫原子或者2價有機基,對於上述式(1)~(3),Z的L皆為Rf基與M基(或W基)的連結基,Z’的L為M(或Rf基)與Rf基的連結基。作為2價有機基,較佳為含有選自由醯胺鍵、醚鍵、酯鍵或二甲基亞甲矽烷基等二有機亞甲矽烷基、-Si[OH][(CH2
)f
Si(CH3
)3
]- (f為2~4的整數)所示基所成群的1種或2種以上的非取代或取代之碳數2~12的2價有機基,更佳為可含有前述結構的非取代或取代之碳數2~12的2價烴基。
作為前述非取代或取代的碳數2~12之2價烴基,例如可舉出伸乙基、伸丙基(三伸甲基、甲基伸乙基)、伸丁基(四伸甲基、甲基伸丙基)、六伸甲基、八伸甲基等伸烷基、伸苯基等伸芳基或這些基的2種以上組合(伸烷基・伸芳基等)。進一步鍵結於這些基的碳原子的氫原子之一部分或全部為可由氟等鹵素原子所取代的基。其中亦以非取代或取代的碳數2~4之伸烷基或伸苯基為佳。
又,M為單鍵,或氮原子、矽原子、碳原子、磷原子、或者2~8價有機基。具體為單鍵、選自 -R1 2
C-所示2價基、-R3 2
Si-所示2價基、-NR4
-所示2價基、 -N=所示3價基、-P=所示3價基、-PO=所示3價基、-R1
C=所示3價基、-R3
Si=所示3價基、-N=所示3價基、-C≡所示4價基、-O-C≡所示4價基及-Si≡所示4價基的基,或2~8價矽氧烷殘基,對於上述式(1)~(3),Z的M皆為L(或Rf基)與W基的連結基,Z’的M為藉由L與Rf基進行連結的基。 對於上述,R1
為彼此獨立,較佳為含有可具有碳數1~3的烷基、羥基、矽原子數2~51個直鏈狀、支鏈狀或環狀有機聚矽氧烷結構之碳數1~3的氧基伸烷基的重複單位之基,或R2 3
SiO-所示矽基醚基,R2
為彼此獨立為氫原子,較佳為碳數1~3的烷基、苯基等碳數6~10的芳基,或碳數1~3的烷氧基。R3
為彼此獨立,較佳為碳數1~3的烷基、碳數2或3的烯基、碳數1~3的烷氧基或氯基。R4
為碳數1~3的烷基、苯基等碳數6~10的芳基。M為矽氧烷殘基時,具有矽原子數2~51個,以矽原子數2~13個為佳,較佳為具有矽原子數2~11個,更佳為具有矽原子數2~5個直鏈狀、支鏈狀或環狀有機聚矽氧烷結構者為佳。該有機聚矽氧烷為具有碳數1~8,較佳為具有1~4的甲基、乙基、丙基及丁基等的烷基或苯基者。又,2個矽原子以伸烷基鍵結的矽亞烷基結構,即可含有Si-(CH2
)n
-Si。對於前述式,n為2~6的整數,較佳為2~4的整數。
對於上述式,作為X的水解性基,可舉出甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基等碳數1~12,特別可舉出碳數1~10的烷氧基、甲氧基甲氧基、甲氧基乙氧基等碳數2~12,特別可舉出碳數2~10的烷氧基烷氧基、乙醯氧基等碳數1~10的醯氧基、異丙烯氧基等碳數2~10的烯基氧基、氯基、溴基、碘基等鹵素基、胺基等。其中亦以甲氧基及乙氧基為佳。 又,R為碳數1~4的甲基、乙基等烷基,或苯基,其中亦以甲基為佳。 a為2或3,由反應性、對基材的密著性之觀點來看,以3為佳。m為0~10的整數,以2~8的整數為佳,較佳為2或3。
對於式(1)~(3),作為(-)α
ZWβ
、-ZWβ
所示結構,可舉出下述結構。 (式中,L、R、X、f、c及a與上述相同,m1為0~10的整數,以2~8的整數為佳,m2為1~10的整數,以2~8的整數為佳,Me為甲基)
對於上述式(4)及(5),Q為單鍵或2價有機基,Rf基與Y基的連結基。作為該Q的2價有機基,較佳為可含有選自由醯胺鍵、醚鍵、酯鍵或二甲基亞甲矽烷基等二有機亞甲矽烷基、-Si[OH][(CH2
)f
Si(CH3
)3
]-(f為2~4的整數)所示基所成群的1種或2種以上的非取代或取代之碳數2~12的2價有機基,較佳為可含有前述結構的非取代或取代之碳數2~12的2價烴基。
作為前述非取代或取代的碳數2~12之2價烴基,可例示出與在上述L所例示的非取代或取代的碳數2~12之2價烴基的相同者。
對於上述式(4)及(5),Y為彼此獨立具有水解性基的2價基,較佳為下述式所示結構者。(式中,R、X及a與上述相同。k為0~10的整數,較佳為1~10的整數,更佳為2~8的整數,更較佳為3~8的整數。h為1~6的整數,較佳為1或2,M’為非取代或取代的3~8價,較佳為3價或4價烴基,該烴基中之碳原子的一部分或全部可由矽原子所取代,又鍵結於該碳原子的氫原子之一部分或全部可由氟原子等鹵素原子所取代)
作為M’,較佳為下述結構所示基。(對於上述,M1
為單鍵、碳數1~6的非取代或取代的2價烴基或二甲基亞甲矽烷基等二有機亞甲矽烷基,M2
為 -R1
C=所示3價基或-R3
Si=所示3價基,R1
、R3
與上述相同。R5
為氫原子或碳數1~6的甲基、乙基、丙基等烷基等1價烴基)
對於上述式(4)及(5),δ為1~10的整數,較佳為1~4的整數。 又,B彼此獨立為氫原子、碳數1~4的甲基、乙基、丙基及丁基等烷基,或氟原子、氯原子、溴原子及碘原子等鹵素原子。
作為上述式(1)~(5)所示氟含有水解性有機矽化合物(含氟水解性有機矽化合物),例如可舉出下述結構。 (式中,Me為甲基,p1、q1、r1、s1、t1各獨立為1~200的整數,且p1、q1、r1、s1、t1的合計為3~500,這些括弧內所示的各單位可藉由無規方式鍵結)
且,有關本發明的一般式(1)~(5)所示含有氟的水解性有機矽化合物(含氟水解性的有機矽化合物)為可含有上述水解性基(X)的一部分或全部被水解的化合物(X為OH基的化合物),亦可含有這些OH基的一部分或全部經縮合的化合物。
含氟有機矽化合物以預先藉由溶劑進行稀釋者為佳,作為如此溶劑,若為可將上述含氟有機矽化合物均勻地溶解者即可,並無特別限定。例如可舉出氟變性脂肪族烴系溶劑(全氟庚烷、全氟辛烷等)、氟變性芳香族烴系溶劑(1,3-三氟甲基苯等)、氟變性醚系溶劑(甲基全氟丁基醚、乙基全氟丁基醚、全氟(2-丁基四氫呋喃)等)、氟變性烷基胺系溶劑(全氟三丁基胺、全氟三戊基胺等)、烴系溶劑(石油醚(Petroleum benzine)、甲苯、二甲苯等)、酮系溶劑(丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮等)。彼等中,由溶解性及安定性等觀點來看,以經氟變性的溶劑為佳,特佳為氟變性醚系溶劑、氟變性芳香族烴系溶劑。 上述溶劑可單獨使用1種,或混合2種以上後使用。 溶劑為防污塗布劑(含有含氟有機矽化合物與溶劑的溶液)中含有含氟有機矽化合物的質量%為0.01~50質量%,以0.03~10質量%為佳,更佳為0.05~1質量%。
含有含氟有機矽化合物的防污塗布劑可藉由濕式塗層法(刷毛塗布、浸漬、噴霧、噴墨)、蒸鍍法等公知方法來處理基材。塗層條件等可依據過去公知的方法,但由將二氧化矽層以濕式塗層法進行塗層的觀點來看,含氟有機矽化合物亦以濕式塗層法進行塗層時更有效率。 含氟有機矽化合物可在室溫(20℃±10℃)下1~24小時使其硬化,進一步欲在短時間內使其硬化,亦可在35~200℃進行10分鐘~1小時加熱。硬化在加濕下(50~90%RH)進行時,可促進水解而較佳。
且,將含有含氟有機矽化合物的防污塗布劑進行塗層前,將基材上的二氧化矽層表面可施予電漿處理、UV處理、臭氧處理等洗淨或使表面活性化的處理。
本發明之撥水構件的氟層(撥水撥油層)之膜厚為0.5~30nm,特佳為1~20nm。該膜厚若過厚時,因處理劑會凝集而使得辨識性變差,若過薄時,表面特性、耐摩耗性會有不充分的情況產生。
作為如此所得之本發明的撥水構件,可舉出汽車導航系統、平板電腦PC、智慧型手機、手機、數位照相機、數位攝影機、PDA、手提音頻播放器、汽車音響、遊戲機等外殼及顯示、眼鏡鏡片、相機鏡頭、太陽眼鏡、胃鏡等醫療用機器、影印機、PC、液晶顯示器、有機EL顯示器、電漿顯示器、觸控板顯示器、保護膜、反射防止膜等光學物品;如浴缸、洗臉檯的衛生用品;如廚房臺的廚房用品;汽車、電車、航空機等窗戶玻璃、頭燈罩等;外壁用建材;廚房建築材料;等候室;美術品等;壓縮片、DVD等;其他可舉出輸送用機器的機體等。 [實施例]
以下舉出實施例及比較例,具體說明本發明,但本發明並未限定於此等。
[實施例1~5及比較例1] [二氧化矽層的形成] 將表1所示的組成之二氧化矽處理液(奈米二氧化矽分散劑)以滴塗層(30秒浸漬,以2.5mm/秒拉上)塗布於杜拉鋁試驗片(標準試驗片股份有限公司製A7075P,厚度2mm,寬50mm,長100mm的試驗片基板)的外表面上後,在150℃下乾燥1小時,除去溶劑(純水),於各杜拉鋁試驗片(基板)的外表面上各形成實施例1~5的二氧化矽層。在表2表示藉由螢光X線所推定的實施例1~5之二氧化矽層的平均膜厚。
且依據下述方法,於形成上述實施例1~5的二氧化矽層之各基板的外表面上形成撥水撥油層。比較例1為未塗層二氧化矽處理液,於上述杜拉鋁試驗片(基材)的外表面上直接形成撥水撥油層。
[撥水撥油層的形成] 欲使下述所示化合物1的固體成分達到0.1質量%而以氟系溶劑(Novec7200(3M公司製))進行稀釋後,藉由噴霧塗層裝置(T&K股份有限公司製NST-51)於上述各基板的二氧化矽層之外表面上進行噴霧塗層。其後,在80℃的30分鐘的條件下,乾燥除去氟系溶劑的同時,使該撥水撥油層(化合物1)硬化而形成硬化被膜,製作出實施例1~5及比較例1的試驗體。藉由螢光X線裝置(Rigaku製ZSXmini2)自F檢測量算出的撥水撥油層之平均膜厚約15nm。
使用在上述所得之試驗體,藉由以下方法進行各種評估。這些結果如表3所示。
[撥水撥油性] 使用接觸角計(DropMaster,協和界面科學公司製),測定出硬化被膜對於水的接觸角及對於油酸的接觸角。
[動摩擦係數] 將硬化被膜對於Bencott(旭化成公司製)的動摩擦係數,使用新東科學公司製的表面性試驗機,在下述條件下進行測定。 接觸面積:10mm×30mm 負載:100g
[皮脂污垢的拭取性] 由7個評估人員,將額頭的皮脂以手指轉印至硬化被膜的表面上,再以Bencott(旭化成公司製)進行拭取,將該拭取性藉由下述評估基準進行評估。 A:可簡單拭取污垢。 B:可拭取污垢。 C:拭取污垢後殘留少許油。 D:無法拭取污垢。
[耐摩耗試驗] 使用往返摩耗試驗機(HEIDON 30S,新東科學公司製),在以下條件下,實施硬化被膜的耐摩耗試驗。將耐摩耗試驗後的硬化被膜對於水的接觸角,使用接觸角計(DropMaster,協和界面科學公司製)進行測定。 評估環境條件:25℃,濕度40% 拭取材:於與試料接觸的測試儀之先端部(10mm× 10mm)上包上8片重疊的不織布,再以橡皮圈固定。 負載:1kg 擦拭距離(單次):30mm 擦拭速度:3,600mm/min 往返次數:5,000往返
由表3結果得知,實施例1~5中,即使摩耗試驗前後,顯示100°以上的優良撥水性,但不具有二氧化矽層的比較例在摩耗試驗後其撥水性則大幅度降低。又,使用平均粒徑為20nm的二氧化矽粒子時(實施例4),與平均粒徑為10nm以下的實施例1~3及5相比較,摩耗試驗後的撥水性降低會更大。奈米粒子較小時,與基材的密著性較為良好。且即使添加氧化錫奈米粒子,對於表面特性或耐摩耗性並無太大影響,故可混合各種奈米粒子。 [產業上可利用性]
依據本發明可得到具有優良撥水撥油性的硬化被膜之撥水構件。因此,本發明之撥水構件,特別在設定有油脂附著之用途上非常有效,可使用於電子機器的外殼或廚房周邊等日常上,即使為接觸較多的物品,經過長期間亦可維持良好防污表面。
Claims (8)
- 一種撥水構件,其特徵為於基材的外表面上,具有以下二氧化矽層,且在該二氧化矽層的外表面上具有將含氟有機矽化合物的硬化物作為主成分的膜厚0.5~30nm之撥水撥油層者,該二氧化矽層為,僅由平均粒徑0.1~10nm的二氧化矽奈米粒子所成的藉由濕式塗布而形成的膜厚1nm~5μm的二氧化矽層,或僅由平均粒徑0.1~10nm的二氧化矽奈米粒子50~99.9質量%及選自氧化鈦、氧化錫、銀、鉑、銅、氧化鋁、氧化鈣、氧化鎂、氧化錳、氧化鎳、氧化鋯及多成分氧化物的1種或2種以上平均粒徑1~10nm的奈米粒子0.1~50質量%所成的藉由濕式塗布而形成的膜厚1nm~5μm的二氧化矽層。
- 如請求項1之撥水構件,其中含氟有機矽化合物為含有至少一個水解性基的含有氟氧基伸烷基之有機矽化合物。
- 如請求項1或2之撥水構件,其中含氟有機矽化合物為選自下述一般式(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)及(5)所示含有氟的水解性有機矽化合物的至少1種;(A-Rf) α -ZW β (1) Rf-(ZW β )2 (2) Z’-(Rf-ZW β ) γ (3) [式中,Rf為-(CF2)d-O-(CF2O)p(CF2CF2O)q(CF2CF2CF2O)r(CF2CF2CF2CF2O)s(CF(CF3)CF2O)t-(CF2)d-,p、q、r、s、t各獨立為0~200的整數,且p+q+r+s+t=3~500,這些括弧內所示的各單位可以無規方式鍵結,d獨立為0~8的整數,該單位可為直鏈狀,亦可為支鏈狀;A為氟原子、氫原子,或末端為-CF3基、-CF2H基或者-CH2F基的1價含有氟的基,Z、Z’獨立為單鍵,或可含有氮原子、氧原子、矽原子、磷原子或者硫原子,可由氟所取代的2~8價有機基,W為於末端具有水解性基的1價有機基;α、β各獨立為1~7的整數,且α+β=2~8;γ為2~8的整數]A-Rf-Q-(Y) δ -B (4) Rf-(Q-(Y) δ -B)2 (5)(式中,Rf、A基與前述相同,Q為單鍵或2價有機基,δ為1~10的整數,Y為具有水解性基的2價有機基,B為氫原子、碳數1~4的烷基或鹵素原子)。
- 如請求項1或2之撥水構件,其中二氧化矽層係僅由平均粒徑0.1~10nm的二氧化矽奈米粒子所成的膜厚2nm~0.5μm的奈米粒子凝集層,或僅由平均粒徑0.1~10nm的二氧化矽奈米粒子50~99.9質量%及選自氧化鈦、氧化錫、 銀、鉑、銅、氧化鋁、氧化鈣、氧化鎂、氧化錳、氧化鎳、氧化鋯及多成分氧化物的1種或2種以上平均粒徑1~10nm的奈米粒子0.1~50質量%所成的膜厚2nm~0.5μm之奈米粒子凝集層者。
- 如請求項1或2之撥水構件,其中二氧化矽層係僅由平均粒徑0.1~10nm的二氧化矽奈米粒子所成的奈米粒子凝集層,或僅由平均粒徑0.1~10nm的二氧化矽奈米粒子50~99.9質量%及平均粒徑1~10nm的選自氧化鈦奈米粒子、鉑奈米粒子及氧化錫奈米粒子的1種或2種以上奈米粒子0.1~50質量%所成的奈米粒子凝集層。
- 如請求項1或2之撥水構件,其中基材為金屬氧化物、金屬、樹脂、陶瓷、石英、玻璃、藍寶石或鑽石。
- 一種具有如請求項1~7中任1項之撥水撥油層的撥水構件的製造方法,其特徵為含有將於基材的外表面上將平均粒徑0.1~10nm的二氧化矽奈米粒子分散於溶劑而成的分散液,或將平均粒徑0.1~10nm的二氧化矽奈米粒子50~99.9質量%及選自氧化鈦、氧化錫、銀、鉑、銅、氧化鋁、氧化鈣、氧化鎂、氧化錳、氧化鎳、氧化鋯及多成分氧化物的1種或2種以成的上平均粒徑1~10nm的奈米粒子0.1~50質量%分散於溶劑而分散液進行濕式塗布的步驟、自該分散液將該溶劑進行乾燥除去的步驟、於乾燥除去該 溶劑而形成的二氧化矽層之外表面上,將含有含氟有機矽化合物與溶劑的溶液進行濕式塗布的步驟,與自該溶液將該溶劑進行乾燥除去,使含氟有機矽化合物硬化的步驟。
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