TWI707386B - 半導體裝置及半導體裝置的製造方法 - Google Patents

半導體裝置及半導體裝置的製造方法 Download PDF

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TWI707386B
TWI707386B TW106106923A TW106106923A TWI707386B TW I707386 B TWI707386 B TW I707386B TW 106106923 A TW106106923 A TW 106106923A TW 106106923 A TW106106923 A TW 106106923A TW I707386 B TWI707386 B TW I707386B
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二木俊郎
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日商艾普凌科有限公司
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Abstract

為了在同一矽基板上一起形成可靠性高的受光構件及MOS電晶體,在MOS電晶體的閘極電極形成後,去除受光構件形成區域上的閘極氧化膜,並在受光構件形成區域上新形成熱氧化膜,通過所述氧化膜在受光構件形成區域內進行離子植入,藉此形成淺pn接合。

Description

半導體裝置及半導體裝置的製造方法
本發明是有關於一種半導體裝置及半導體裝置的製造方法,特別是有關於一種在同一矽基板上形成用以檢測如紫外線般的短波長的光的半導體受光構件及金屬氧化物半導體(metal oxide semiconductor,MOS)電晶體的半導體裝置的製造方法。
半導體受光構件有多種。其中使用有矽基板的受光構件可藉由在同一基板上製作使用有MOS電晶體等的積體電路,而在一個晶片上進行自受光至信號處理為止的過程,故而用於多種用途中。
光在矽中的穿透深度(penetration depth)(入射至矽的光的強度藉由吸收而衰減至1/e的深度)具有如圖7所示的波長依存性,在紫外線(紫外線A(Ultraviolet A,UVA):320 nm~400 nm,紫外線B(Ultraviolet B,UVB):280 nm~320 nm)的情況下,在數nm~數十nm的區域內大部分的光被吸收。專利文獻1及非專利文獻1中揭示有用以使用具有此種特徵的矽來檢測紫外線的結構。
具體而言,為了對藉由紫外線照射而產生的電子電洞對作為光電流進行檢測,將pn接合的深度減低至數十nm~100 nm左右。又,藉由設為使矽最表面的雜質濃度為1019 cm-3 以上,且朝向深度方向濃度慢慢降低的雜質輪廓,來產生藉由濃度梯度的電場,使電子電洞對有效率地分離而獲得光電流。
此外,在如上所述的矽受光構件結構中,如非專利文獻2所記載,若藉由紫外線照射而將電荷俘獲至矽上的絕緣膜,則會對pn接合的頻帶(band)結構造成影響,從而使受光構件的靈敏度特性發生變動。因此,與矽表面相接的絕緣膜必需設為電荷陷阱少的矽熱氧化膜。將矽最表面的雜質濃度設為高濃度,亦具有遮擋絕緣膜中的固定電荷的影響的優點。
另一方面,例如在專利文獻2中揭示有與MOS電晶體一起形成使用有矽的紫外線受光構件的現有方法。圖8(a)~圖8(d)及圖9(a)~圖9(d)是按步驟順序表示現有的製造方法的剖面圖。在圖中,PD表示形成受光構件的受光構件形成區域,TR表示形成P通道金屬氧化物半導體(P-channel metal oxide semiconductor,PMOS)電晶體的MOS電晶體形成區域。
首先,如圖8(a)所示,在p型的矽基板101的表面上形成N井(Nwell)區域102、構件分離區域103,並根據需要進行用以對電晶體的臨限值電壓進行調節的離子植入之後,藉由熱氧化而形成閘極氧化膜104。
其次,如圖8(b)所示,沈積作為閘極電極材料的多晶矽膜105,藉由蝕刻而圖案化,來形成閘極電極106(圖8(c))。
其後,在由第1光阻膜(未圖示)遮蓋著受光構件形成區域PD上的狀態下,在MOS電晶體形成區域TR內進行離子植入,形成輕摻雜汲極(Lightly Doped Drain,LDD)區域109(圖8(d))。
去除第1光阻膜之後,在整個面上沈積絕緣膜110(圖9(a)),在由第2光阻膜(未圖示)遮蓋著受光構件形成區域PD以不使受光構件形成區域PD上的閘極氧化膜104被去除的狀態下,進行各向異性蝕刻。藉此,在閘極電極106的側面上形成側壁111,並且在受光構件形成區域PD內殘留閘極氧化膜104及絕緣膜110(圖9(b))。
繼而,在MOS電晶體形成區域TR內進行離子植入,形成源極與汲極區域112(圖9(c))。
然後,在受光構件形成區域PD內進行用以形成淺接合的離子植入,形成雜質區域108(圖9(d))。
如上所述,根據現有的製造方法,可在同一矽基板上一起形成使用有矽的具有pn接合的紫外線受光構件及MOS電晶體。 [現有技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本專利第5692880號公報 [專利文獻2]日本專利特開2014-154793號公報 [非專利文獻]
[非專利文獻1]電信工程師學會媒介技術與應用事務(Institution of Telecommunication Engineers Transactions on Media Technology & Applications,ITE Trans. On MTA),第2卷,第2期,123-130頁(2014) [非專利文獻2]光學儀器工程學會-成像科學技術(Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers-imaging science and technology,SPIE-IS&T)/第8298卷,82980M-1~8(2012)
[發明所欲解決的問題] 在圖8(a)~圖8(d)及圖9(a)~圖9(d)所示的現有的製造方法中,與受光構件形成區域PD的矽基板表面直接連接的絕緣膜雖為熱氧化膜,卻是用以形成閘極電極的圖案化後殘留的閘極氧化膜104,故而可能因閘極圖案化時的蝕刻損傷等而引起膜質下降。如上所述,欲抑制受光構件的靈敏度特性的變動,與矽表面相接的絕緣膜必需是電荷陷阱少的矽熱氧化膜,故而膜質下降的閘極氧化膜104與矽表面相接的受光構件的可靠性變低。
又,為了形成側壁111而沈積的絕緣膜110通常較閘極氧化膜104更厚(例如在專利文獻2中,閘極氧化膜厚10 nm~50 nm,側壁用絕緣膜厚200 nm~500 nm),故而為了通過閘極氧化膜104與側壁用絕緣膜110的積層膜在受光構件形成區域PD內進行離子植入,而將雜質區域108設為所需的濃度,需要超過1016 cm-2 的高劑量。
若藉由一次植入來實施所述劑量則存在抗蝕劑(resist)燒焦等製造上的阻礙,故通常分成兩次以上來植入,使得總處理量(throughput)下降。又,接合深度亦變為200 nm左右,從而未形成為原本為了高靈敏度地檢測紫外線所必需的100 nm以下的淺接合。此外,亦必需將矽最表面的雜質濃度設為1019 cm-3 以上。
本發明的課題在於提供一種可在同一矽基板上一起形成可靠性高的受光構件及MOS電晶體的半導體裝置及半導體裝置的製造方法。 [解決問題的手段]
本發明的一實施形態的半導體裝置的製造方法包括:第一步驟,在包含受光構件形成區域及MOS電晶體形成區域的矽基板表面上形成成為MOS電晶體的閘極氧化膜的第一熱氧化膜;第二步驟,在所述第一熱氧化膜上形成多晶矽膜;第三步驟,對所述多晶矽膜進行圖案化,在所述MOS電晶體形成區域內形成所述MOS電晶體的閘極電極;第四步驟,去除所述第一熱氧化膜之中所述閘極電極的下部以外的所述第一熱氧化膜;第五步驟,在所述矽基板表面上形成第二熱氧化膜;以及第六步驟,通過所述第二熱氧化膜在所述受光構件形成區域內離子植入雜質而形成雜質區域。 [發明的效果]
根據本發明的實施形態,在去除閘極電極的下部以外的第一熱氧化膜之後,新形成第二熱氧化膜,故而可將與受光構件形成區域的矽基板表面直接連接的絕緣膜設為未受到因多晶矽膜的圖案化而引起的蝕刻損傷的熱氧化膜。又,第二熱氧化膜的膜厚可不論閘極氧化膜的膜厚而設定。因此,藉由以適當的厚度(例如厚度30 nm以下)形成電荷陷阱少的第二熱氧化膜,通過所述第二熱氧化膜在受光構件形成區域內進行離子植入而形成雜質區域,可將離子植入的劑量抑制得低,且可形成雜質區域的矽基板的最表面上的雜質濃度為1019 cm-3 以上,雜質區域的雜質濃度為1017 cm-3 以下的自矽基板表面算起的深度為100 nm以下的具有淺接合的受光構件。
[第一實施形態] 圖1(a)~圖1(e)及圖2(a)~圖2(d)是按步驟順序表示本發明的第一實施形態的半導體裝置的製造方法的剖面圖。
圖中,PD表示形成受光構件的受光構件形成區域,TR表示形成PMOS電晶體的MOS電晶體形成區域。
首先,如圖1(a)所示,在p型的矽基板1的表面上形成N井區域2、構件分離區域3,且根據需要進行用以調節電晶體的臨限值電壓的離子植入。
然後,藉由對矽基板1的整個面進行熱氧化而形成閘極氧化膜(亦稱為「第一熱氧化膜))4。閘極氧化膜4的厚度例如為10 nm。
其次,沈積作為閘極電極材料的多晶矽膜5(圖1(b)),藉由蝕刻而對其進行圖案化,形成閘極電極6。此處,為了去除蝕刻後所殘留的異物等,進行濕式處理,去除閘極電極6的下部以外的區域的閘極氧化膜4(圖1(c))。
然後,藉由對整個面進行熱氧化,而在矽基板1的表面、閘極電極6的側面及上表面上形成熱氧化膜(亦稱為「第二熱氧化膜))7(圖1(d))。所述熱氧化膜7的厚度例如在受光構件形成區域PD上為10 nm。再者,在所述步驟中,對閘極電極6的側面進行熱氧化是起如下作用:去除閘極電極6的圖案化時的蝕刻損傷,防止在後續步驟的源極與汲極區域形成用的離子植入時離子穿通閘極電極6等。
其次,通過熱氧化膜7在受光構件形成區域PD的N井區域2內進行p型雜質的離子植入,形成p型雜質區域8(圖1(e))。所述植入條件例如為BF2 、10 keV、5.0×1013 cm-2 。藉此,形成淺pn接合。此處,熱氧化膜7並非閘極氧化膜(第一熱氧化膜)4,而是去除閘極氧化膜4之後新形成的熱氧化膜,故而並未受到蝕刻損傷等。此外,可在熱氧化膜7上未形成其他絕緣膜的狀態下進行離子植入。
因此,可將離子植入的劑量如上所述抑制得低,且可形成雜質區域的矽基板的最表面上的雜質濃度為1019 cm-3 以上,雜質區域的雜質濃度為1017 cm-3 以下的自矽基板表面算起的深度為100 nm以下的具有淺接合的可靠性高的受光構件。
繼而,在MOS電晶體形成區域TR內,將設置於閘極電極6及閘極電極6的側面的第二熱氧化膜作為遮罩,進行p型雜質的離子植入,自對準地形成輕摻雜汲極(Lightly Doped Drain,LDD)區域9(圖2(a))。
其次,在整個面上沈積絕緣膜10(圖2(b))。所述絕緣膜10的厚度例如為300 nm。繼而,在由包含抗蝕劑的遮罩層R覆蓋著受光構件形成區域PD的狀態下進行各向異性蝕刻,在閘極電極6的側面形成側壁11(圖2(c))。此時,MOS電晶體形成區域TR的LDD區域9的表面被去除至熱氧化膜7為止,但是受光構件形成區域PD被遮罩層R覆蓋,故而絕緣膜10殘留,藉此,與矽基板1的表面直接連接的熱氧化膜7中不易產生蝕刻損傷。
然後,如圖2(d)所示,在MOS電晶體形成區域TR內進行p型雜質的離子植入,形成源極與汲極區域12。而且,以不破壞受光構件形成區域PD的淺接合的方式,進行例如950℃、1秒之類的高溫短時間的活化退火。
圖5表示以如上所述的方式形成的受光構件形成區域PD的硼的濃度分佈。如上所述,受光構件形成區域PD上的熱氧化膜7的厚度為10 nm,離子植入條件為BF2 、10 keV、5.0×1013 cm-2
如圖5所示,矽最表面的硼濃度為2×1019 cm-3 ,硼濃度為1017 cm-3 以下的自矽表面算起的深度為55 nm,可實現為了高靈敏度地檢測紫外線所必需的雜質輪廓。
如上所述,根據本實施形態,用以形成雜質區域8的離子植入的劑量為1013 cm-2 的程度,故而不會伴有如現有的製造方法中所出現的製造上的故障,藉由與MOS電晶體的製造步驟相匹配的製造方法,即可與MOS電晶體一起形成具有如圖5所示的雜質輪廓的可靠性高的受光構件。
[第二實施形態] 圖3(a)及圖3(b)是按步驟順序表示本發明的第二實施形態的半導體裝置的製造方法的剖面圖。圖3(a)表示與圖1(d)相同的步驟,至所述步驟為止與第一實施形態相同,故而省略說明。但是,在本實施形態中,使熱氧化膜7的厚度大於第一實施形態,而設為30 nm。
在所述狀態下,如圖3(b)所示在受光構件形成區域PD內進行淺接合形成用的離子植入。離子植入條件例如為BF2 、15 keV、5.3×1014 cm-2 。所述離子植入在MOS電晶體形成區域TR內亦同時進行而形成LDD區域9。
圖3(b)的步驟之後,藉由經過與圖2(b)以後相同的步驟,可在同一矽表面上形成PMOS電晶體及受光構件。
若使用本實施形態的方法,則受光構件形成區域PD的雜質區域8的形成、即淺接合形成用的離子植入兼作MOS電晶體的LDD區域9形成用的離子植入,故而與第一實施形態相比可削減步驟數。
圖6表示本實施形態中的受光構件形成區域PD的硼的濃度分佈。如上所述,受光構件形成區域PD上的熱氧化膜7的厚度為30 nm,離子植入條件為BF2 、15 keV、5.0×1014 cm-2
如圖6所示,矽最表面的硼濃度為2×1019 cm-3 ,硼濃度為1017 cm-3 以下的自矽表面算起的深度為65 nm,可實現為了高靈敏度地檢測紫外線所必需的雜質輪廓。
如自圖5及圖6所知,當通過氧化膜進行離子植入時,若將氧化膜厚自10 nm變為30 nm,則必需將植入劑量增大一位數,以將矽最表面的硼濃度設為1019 cm-3 以上。又,若使氧化膜增厚,則亦需要提高植入能量,從而難以可控性良好地形成淺接合。因此,氧化膜的厚度理想的是設為30 nm以下。
[第三實施形態] 圖4(a)~圖4(d)是按步驟順序表示本發明的第三實施形態的半導體裝置的製造方法的剖面圖。圖4(a)表示與圖2(a)相同的步驟,至所述步驟為止與第一實施形態相同,故而省略說明。
其次,如圖4(b)所示,沈積側壁形成用的絕緣膜10a及絕緣膜10b。此處,絕緣膜10a是厚度20 nm的矽氮化膜,絕緣膜10b是厚度280nm的矽氧化膜。又,受光構件形成區域PD表面上的熱氧化膜7的厚度為30nmn以下。
繼而,如圖4(c)所示,利用各向異性蝕刻在閘極電極6的側面上形成包含絕緣膜(矽氧化膜)10b的側壁11b。此時,藉由利用氧化膜的蝕刻率快、氮化膜的蝕刻率慢的蝕刻條件,而使絕緣膜(矽氮化膜)10a作為蝕刻阻止層而殘留。藉由如上所述設置,可降低對與受光構件形成區域PD的矽表面直接連接的熱氧化膜7的蝕刻損傷。側壁11b形成後進行離子植入而形成源極與汲極區域12(圖4(d))。
由於以上所述,可在同一矽基板上一起形成MOS電晶體及受光構件。
若使用本實施形態的方法,則在側壁11b形成時,無需利用抗蝕劑覆蓋受光構件形成區域PD上的絕緣膜,故而可削減步驟數。再者,在本實施形態中是使用氮化膜10a與氧化膜10b的積層結構,但是若氮化膜存在於矽表面附近,則有時會作為電荷陷阱而起作用,對受光構件特性或MOS電晶體特性造成影響。在此種情況下,亦可設為如氧化膜/氮化膜/氧化膜般的三層以上的結構。
又,存在於受光構件形成區域PD上的氮化膜與氧化膜的積層結構藉由對各自的膜厚進行最佳設計,可針對特定的光的波長區域選擇性地提高透過率,故而亦可製作對特定的波長區域具有高靈敏度的受光構件。
以上,已對本發明的實施形態進行說明,但本發明當然並不限定於所述實施形態,在不脫離本發明的主旨的範圍內可進行各種變更。
例如,在所述各實施形態中,已揭示在N井區域內製作PMOS電晶體及最表面為p型的受光構件的示例,但是當然,亦可在P井區域內製作N通道金屬氧化物半導體(N-channel metal oxide semiconductor,NMOS)電晶體及最表面為n型的受光構件。此時,將砷、磷、銻等的離子種類用於用以形成淺pn接合的離子植入。
又,在所述各實施形態中,是將BF2 用於離子植入的離子種類,但亦可將硼單體或包含硼的簇離子等用於離子植入。
1、101‧‧‧矽基板2、102‧‧‧N井區域3、103‧‧‧構件分離區域4、104‧‧‧閘極氧化膜5、105‧‧‧多晶矽膜6、106‧‧‧閘極電極7‧‧‧熱氧化膜8、108‧‧‧雜質區域9、109‧‧‧LDD區域10、10a、10b、110‧‧‧絕緣膜11、11b、111‧‧‧側壁12、112‧‧‧源極與汲極區域PD‧‧‧受光構件形成區域R‧‧‧遮罩層TR‧‧‧MOS電晶體形成區域
圖1(a)~圖1(e)是按步驟順序表示本發明的第一實施形態的半導體裝置的製造方法的剖面圖。 圖2(a)~圖2(d)是按步驟順序表示本發明的第一實施形態的半導體裝置的製造方法的剖面圖。 圖3(a)及圖3(b)是按步驟順序表示本發明的第二實施形態的半導體裝置的製造方法的剖面圖。 圖4(a)~圖4(d)是按步驟順序表示本發明的第三實施形態的半導體裝置的製造方法的剖面圖。 圖5是表示通過膜厚10 nm的熱氧化膜植入BF2 時的硼的濃度分佈的圖。 圖6是表示通過膜厚30 nm的熱氧化膜植入BF2 時的硼的濃度分佈的圖。 圖7是表示光入射至矽時光所穿透的深度的波長依存性的圖。 圖8(a)~圖8(d)是按步驟順序表示現有的半導體裝置的製造方法的剖面圖。 圖9(a)~圖9(d)是按步驟順序表示現有的半導體裝置的製造方法的剖面圖。
1‧‧‧矽基板
2‧‧‧N井區域
3‧‧‧構件分離區域
4‧‧‧閘極氧化膜
5‧‧‧多晶矽膜
6‧‧‧閘極電極
7‧‧‧熱氧化膜
8‧‧‧雜質區域
PD‧‧‧受光構件形成區域
TR‧‧‧MOS電晶體形成區域

Claims (8)

  1. 一種半導體裝置的製造方法,包括:第一步驟,在包含受光構件形成區域及金屬氧化物半導體電晶體形成區域的矽基板表面上形成成為金屬氧化物半導體電晶體的閘極氧化膜的第一熱氧化膜;第二步驟,在所述第一熱氧化膜上形成多晶矽膜;第三步驟,對所述多晶矽膜進行圖案化,在所述金屬氧化物半導體電晶體形成區域內形成所述金屬氧化物半導體電晶體的閘極電極;第四步驟,去除所述第一熱氧化膜之中所述閘極電極的下部以外的所述第一熱氧化膜;第五步驟,在所述矽基板表面上形成第二熱氧化膜;第六步驟,通過所述第二熱氧化膜在所述受光構件形成區域內離子植入雜質而形成雜質區域;第七步驟,在所述第二熱氧化膜上形成絕緣膜;以及第八步驟,在所述受光構件形成區域的所述絕緣膜上形成有遮罩層的狀態下進行各向異性蝕刻,在所述金屬氧化物半導體電晶體的閘極電極的側面上形成包含所述絕緣膜的側壁,並且使所述絕緣膜殘留於所述受光構件形成區域上。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的半導體裝置的製造方法,其中所述第二熱氧化膜亦形成於所述閘極電極的上表面及側面。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的半導體裝置的製造方法,其中藉由所述離子植入,對所述金屬氧化物半導體電晶體形成區域亦植入所述雜質,形成所述金屬氧化物半導體電晶體的輕摻雜汲極區域。
  4. 一種半導體裝置的製造方法,包括:第一步驟,在包含受光構件形成區域及金屬氧化物半導體電晶體形成區域的矽基板表面上形成成為金屬氧化物半導體電晶體的閘極氧化膜的第一熱氧化膜;第二步驟,在所述第一熱氧化膜上形成多晶矽膜;第三步驟,對所述多晶矽膜進行圖案化,在所述金屬氧化物半導體電晶體形成區域內形成所述金屬氧化物半導體電晶體的閘極電極;第四步驟,去除所述第一熱氧化膜之中所述閘極電極的下部以外的所述第一熱氧化膜;第五步驟,在所述矽基板表面上形成第二熱氧化膜;第六步驟,通過所述第二熱氧化膜在所述受光構件形成區域內離子植入雜質而形成雜質區域;第七步驟,在所述第二熱氧化膜上形成第一絕緣膜;第八步驟,在所述第一絕緣膜上形成第二絕緣膜;以及第九步驟,將所述第一絕緣膜設為蝕刻阻止層而進行各向異性蝕刻,在所述金屬氧化物半導體電晶體的閘極電極的側面上形成包含所述第二絕緣膜的側壁。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第4項所述的半導體裝置的製造方法,其中所述第二熱氧化膜的厚度為30nm以下。
  6. 一種半導體裝置的製造方法,包括:第一步驟,在包含受光構件形成區域及金屬氧化物半導體電晶體形成區域的矽基板表面上形成成為金屬氧化物半導體電晶體的閘極氧化膜的第一熱氧化膜;第二步驟,在所述第一熱氧化膜上形成多晶矽膜;第三步驟,對所述多晶矽膜進行圖案化,在所述金屬氧化物半導體電晶體形成區域內形成所述金屬氧化物半導體電晶體的閘極電極;第四步驟,去除所述第一熱氧化膜之中所述閘極電極的下部以外的所述第一熱氧化膜;第五步驟,在所述矽基板表面上形成第二熱氧化膜;以及第六步驟,通過所述第二熱氧化膜在所述受光構件形成區域內離子植入雜質而形成雜質區域;其中所述雜質區域的所述矽基板的最表面上的雜質濃度為1019cm-3以上,所述雜質區域的雜質濃度為1017cm-3以下的自所述矽基板表面算起的深度為100nm以下。
  7. 一種半導體裝置,在同一矽基板上具有金屬氧化物半導體電晶體及受光構件,所述半導體裝置的特徵在於:所述金屬氧化物半導體電晶體包括:閘極電極;閘極氧化膜,是僅設置於所述閘極電極下的第一熱氧化膜;第二熱氧化膜,覆蓋所述閘極電極的側面及所述閘極氧化膜的側面,並且設置於所述矽基板的表面; 側壁,經由所述第二熱氧化膜而設置,所述第二熱氧化膜設置在所述側壁與所述閘極電極之間及所述側壁與所述矽基板之間;以及輕摻雜汲極區域,相對於設置在所述閘極電極的側面的所述第二熱氧化膜,自對準地設置在所述矽基板上;且所述受光構件包括:所述第二熱氧化膜,直接設置於所述矽基板的表面上;雜質區域,設置於所述第二熱氧化膜的正下方的所述矽基板的表面上;以及絕緣膜,設置於所述第二熱氧化膜上,包含與所述側壁相同的膜。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述的半導體裝置,其中所述雜質區域的所述矽基板的最表面上的雜質濃度為1019cm-3以上,所述雜質區域的雜質濃度為1017cm-3以下的自所述矽基板表面算起的深度為100nm以下。
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