TWI642646B - 多孔質陶瓷的製造方法、多孔質陶瓷、托架及燒製輔助具 - Google Patents
多孔質陶瓷的製造方法、多孔質陶瓷、托架及燒製輔助具 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI642646B TWI642646B TW103143449A TW103143449A TWI642646B TW I642646 B TWI642646 B TW I642646B TW 103143449 A TW103143449 A TW 103143449A TW 103143449 A TW103143449 A TW 103143449A TW I642646 B TWI642646 B TW I642646B
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Abstract
本發明實施形態之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法係包含:懸浮體凝膠化之步驟;使經凝膠化之前述懸浮體凍結而生成凍結體之步驟;去除成長於前述凍結體之冰並生成氣孔之步驟;以及燒製經去除前述冰之前述凍結體的步驟。懸浮體係包含陶瓷粒子、水溶性高分子、及水。凝膠化前之前述懸浮體在20℃之黏度η(mPa.s)、與前述陶瓷粒子之平均粒徑d(μm)係具有η≧950×d-0.77之關係。
Description
本發明所揭示之實施形態係關於一種多孔質陶瓷的製造方法、多孔質陶瓷、托架及燒製輔助具。
以往,如從由氣體或液體去除雜質的過濾器或吸附劑、汽車之排氣淨化用觸媒的擔持材料等,在陶瓷形成有多數氣孔之多孔質陶瓷,係被利用在多方面之用途上。
就該多孔質陶瓷之製造方法而言,已知有下列方法:在使懸浮體(漿體)凝膠化之後,運用使之凍結之凝膠化凍結法的方法(例如參照專利文獻1),該懸浮體(漿體)係使陶瓷粒子分散在水溶性高分子之水溶液而成者。
專利文獻1:日本特許第5176198號公報
然而,在專利文獻1所記載之製造方法中,可藉由變更凍結溫度或陶瓷粒子之調配量而獲得具有各式各樣之氣孔徑、氣孔率的多孔質陶瓷,但另一方面在製造耐熱衝撃性及彎曲強度佳之多孔質陶瓷之方面尚有改善之餘地。
實施形態之一態樣係鑑於上述課題而研創者,其目的在於提供一種耐熱衝撃性及彎曲強度佳之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法、多孔質陶瓷、托架及燒製輔助具。
實施形態之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法係包含:懸浮體凝膠化之步驟;使經凝膠化之前述懸浮體凍結而生成凍結體之步驟;去除成長於前述凍結體之冰並生成氣孔之步驟;以及燒製經去除前述冰之前述凍結體的步驟。懸浮體係包含陶瓷粒子、水溶性高分子、及水。凝膠化前之前述懸浮體在20℃之黏度η(mPa.s)、與前述陶瓷粒子之平均粒徑d(μm)係具有η≧950×d-0.77之關係。
依據實施形態之一態樣,可提供一種氣孔徑之變異較少之多孔質陶瓷、多孔質陶瓷的製造方法及冷卻裝置。
1、1a‧‧‧陶瓷粒子
2、2a‧‧‧水溶性高分子
3、3a‧‧‧水
4、4a‧‧‧懸浮體
5、5a‧‧‧冰
6、6a‧‧‧凍結體
7、7a‧‧‧下表面
8、8a‧‧‧上表面
9、9a‧‧‧陶瓷骨架
10、10a‧‧‧氣孔
11、11a‧‧‧多孔質陶瓷
12、12a‧‧‧冷卻裝置
13‧‧‧燒製輔助具
14‧‧‧基台
15‧‧‧板部
16‧‧‧支撐部
17‧‧‧托架
17a‧‧‧上表面
18‧‧‧被燒製物
第1圖係說明實施形態之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法之概要的說明圖。
第2A圖係顯示實施形態之燒製輔助具之構成概要的示意立體圖。
第2B圖係第2A圖之燒製輔助具之示意俯視圖。
第3圖係藉由實施例1所製作之多孔質陶瓷的局部剖面圖。
第4A圖係藉由實施例8所製作之多孔質陶瓷的局部剖面圖。
第4B圖係藉由實施例8所製作之多孔質陶瓷的局部剖面圖。
第5圖係用以說明平均氣孔徑及氣孔徑之變異之測定方法的圖。
第6圖係顯示實施形態之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法之一例的流程圖。
第7圖係用以說明多孔質陶瓷的製造方法之概要的說明圖。
第8圖係藉由比較例1所製作之多孔質陶瓷的局部剖面圖。
以下,參照附圖詳細地說明本案所揭示之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法、多孔質陶瓷、托架及燒製輔助具之實施形態。此外,本發明並非由以下所示之實施形態所限定者。
實施形態之多孔質陶瓷係在可藉由包含凝膠化、凍結、乾燥、脫脂及燒製之各步驟的製造方法所製作之方面,與習知之多孔質陶瓷共通。另一方面,在實施形態之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法中,由於凝膠化前之懸浮體之在20℃的黏度η及陶瓷粒子的平均粒徑d具有特定之關係,因此形成具有與習知之製造方法不同之特長的多孔質陶瓷。以下,首先針對實施形態之多孔質陶瓷、多孔質陶瓷的製造方法加以說明。
第1圖係說明實施形態之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法之概要的說明圖。第7圖係用以說明適用凝膠化凍結法之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法之概要的說明圖。此外,在第1圖、第7圖中,係圖示上述之製造步驟中之從左依序為凝膠化、凍結、及燒製之各步驟,且省略對應乾燥、脫脂之各步驟的圖示。
首先,針對凝膠化步驟加以說明。凝膠化步驟係使懸浮體4置入模具並使之凝膠化的步驟,該懸浮體係包含陶瓷粒子1a、水溶性高分子2及水3a,且使陶瓷粒子1a均勻地分散在水溶性高分子2之水溶液中。藉由懸浮體4之凝膠化,形成有在陶瓷粒子1a分散於水溶性高分子2之水溶液中的狀態下暫時固定之構造體(凝膠化體)。
接著,針對凍結步驟加以說明。凍結步驟係將經凝膠化之懸浮體4予以冷卻而生成凍結體6之步驟。當使經凝膠化之懸浮體4冷卻時,從水溶性高分子2之水溶液分離的水3係狀態變化成冰5,且一面形成結晶
構造,一面成長。結果,可獲得凍結體6,該凍結體6係包含陶瓷粒子1、水溶性高分子2之水溶液經凝膠化之部分(未圖示)、及經結晶化之冰5的部分。
於習知之製造方法,係例如將冷卻裝置12a配置在下表面7a側而將經凝膠化之懸浮體4從一方側予以冷卻,且經凝膠化之懸浮體4a中之水3a會從下表面7a側凍結而狀態變化成冰5a,該冰5a之結晶欲從下表面7a側朝上表面8a側成長。並且,在冰5a之結晶成長時,例如會有用以使平均粒徑為0.01至5μm左右之比較小的陶瓷粒子1a移動所需之充分程度的推壓力作用。因此,當在冰5a之結晶欲成長之方向存在有陶瓷粒子1a時,藉由凝膠化而暫時固定之陶瓷粒子1a係以被排除至成長之冰5a之結晶之周圍的方式移動。
如此,在第7圖所示之習知的製造方法中,當將經凝膠化之懸浮體4a從一方向冷卻時,以包圍從一方向側朝另一方向側成長為柱狀之冰5a的結晶之方式將陶瓷粒子1a予以再排列,藉此獲得在陶瓷粒子1a之分佈產生疏密之凍結體6。
相對於此,在實施形態之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法中,係使用將黏性調整為隨著要使用之陶瓷粒子1的平均粒徑變小,懸浮體4之黏度η會變大之懸浮體4。具體而言,凝膠化前之前述懸浮體在20℃之黏度η(mPa.s)、與陶瓷粒子之平均粒徑d(μm)係具有η≧950×d-0.77之關係。
當平均粒徑d及黏度η具有該種關係時,即使冰5之結晶成長且與陶瓷粒子1接近或碰撞,陶瓷粒子1不論其大小皆可抵抗伴隨冰5之結晶成長所產生之推壓力。因此,該部位之陶瓷粒子1在凍結步驟中亦幾乎不會移動,且停留在保持為凝膠化體之位置。
再者,冰5係在每當碰撞陶瓷粒子1之際改變結晶之成長方向,同時使結晶從配置有冷卻裝置12之下表面7側朝上表面8側以鋸齒狀成長。再者,由於冰5之結晶係以鋸齒狀成長,因此相接近之冰5的結晶彼此會依情況一面反覆碰撞或接觸,一面成長。因此,在實施形態之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法中,如第1圖所示,即使將經凝膠化之懸浮體4從下表面7側冷卻,結果亦可獲得具有冰5朝隨機方向成長於陶瓷粒子1之間的部位之凍結體6。
如此,在實施形態之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法中,即使將經凝膠化之懸浮體4從下表面7側冷卻時,亦可獲得具有冰5朝隨機方向成長於均勻地分散之陶瓷粒子1之間的部位之凍結體6。並且,當上述平均粒徑d及黏度η特別具有η≧1630×d-0.77之關係時,可獲得冰5遍及整體朝隨機方向成長之凍結體6。
接著,針對乾燥步驟加以說明。乾燥步驟係將成長為凍結體6之冰5予以去除而生成氣孔10之步驟。例如藉由真空乾燥使成長有冰5之凍結體6乾燥時,冰5之結晶會昇華而消失,取而代之的是形成氣孔10。亦即,乾燥步驟係將冰5取代成氣孔10之步驟。
接著,針對脫脂步驟加以說明。脫脂步驟係從在乾燥步驟中生成氣孔10之凍結體6去除水溶性高分子2等之有機成分的步驟。具體而言,依據陶瓷粒子1之種類,執行在預設之溫度條件下分解水溶性高分子2等之有機成分並予以去除之處理。
最後,針對燒製步驟加以說明。燒製步驟係將冰5及水溶性高分子2等有機成分予以去除,且對形成有氣孔10之凍結體6進行燒製而製作多孔質陶瓷11的步驟。藉由燒製所得之多孔質陶瓷11係具有:在上述之乾燥步驟中所形成之氣孔10;及以包圍氣孔10之方式使陶瓷粒子1彼此結合而緻密化之陶瓷骨架9。
燒製後所得之多孔質陶瓷11係隨著在凍結步驟中所生成之凍結體6的形狀之不同而具有不同之形狀。亦即,在習知之製造方法中,如第7圖所示在從一方向側朝另一方向側而形成之柱狀的氣孔10a之周圍生成形成有陶瓷骨架9a之多孔質陶瓷11a。相對於此,在實施形態之多孔質陶瓷11的製造方法中,以朝隨機之方向形成氣孔10之方式,將陶瓷骨架9形成為3維之網眼狀,藉此生成耐熱衝撃性及彎曲強度佳之多孔質陶瓷11(參照第3圖)。在此,氣孔10「朝隨機之方向形成」係指氣孔10之平均高寬比為2.0以上、更佳為3.5以上。此外,氣孔10之平均高寬比係可藉由後述之實施例所記載之方法而測定。
在實施形態之多孔質陶瓷11之製造方法
中,陶瓷粒子1係只要在燒製步驟中可適當地進行燒製者,則無特別限制。具體而言,例如可適用氧化鋯、氧化鋁、二氧化矽、二氧化鈦、碳化矽、碳化硼、氮化矽、氮化硼、堇青石、羥磷石灰、賽倫陶瓷(sialon)、鋯石、鈦酸鋁、及莫來石中之1種以上作為陶瓷粒子1,但並不限定於上述者。並且,例如適用氧化鋁及二氧化矽來製作莫來石,或適用氧化鋯及氧化鋁來製作複合體,且依據所希望之特性組合使用複數個陶瓷粒子1。
再者,陶瓷粒子1係較佳為實用上平均粒徑為100μm以下者。當陶瓷粒子1之平均粒徑超過100μm時,會有因所希望之多孔質陶瓷11的形狀或大小而造成難以對陶瓷粒子1進行適當燒製之情形。在此,「平均粒徑」係指雷射繞射式粒度分佈測定裝置(濕式法)中,依據換算成球相當徑之體積基準的粒度分佈所得之中間值徑(d50)。此外,只要是可得到相同結果者,測定方法並無限制。
懸浮體中之陶瓷粒子1的調配量,較佳為1至50vol%之範圍,更佳為1至30vol%。陶瓷粒子1之調配量未達1vol%時,例如會有在乾燥步驟中無法維持形狀之情形,且難以製作具有所希望之強度的多孔質陶瓷11。此外,當陶瓷粒子1之調配量超過50vol%時,有時所得之多孔質陶瓷11之氣孔率會變低,且不會充分地顯現多孔體所希望之特徵。在此,「氣孔率」係指依據JISR1634:2008所規定之手法,由阿基米德法所得之值。在該測定中,由
於未考慮閉氣孔,因此亦稱為「外觀氣孔率」。此外,在本實施形態中,由於幾乎未形成閉氣孔,因此可將「外觀氣孔率」處理為「氣孔率」。
再者,為了使陶瓷粒子1適當地燒製,亦可依陶瓷粒子1之種類將一種或二種以上之燒製助劑調配在懸浮體中。就燒製助劑之具體例而言,可列舉氧化鋁、碳酸鈣、氧化釔、碳化硼、二氧化鈰等,但並不限定於上述者。此外,作為燒製助劑所添加之碳酸鈣(CaCO3)係藉由燒製而分解,且成為氧化鈣(CaO)而殘存於多孔質陶瓷11中。
此外,為了使懸浮體適當地凝膠化,若有必要,亦可依據水溶性高分子2種類添加pH調整劑或起始劑、交聯劑、增黏劑等各種添加劑。
再者,就水溶性高分子2而言,只要是可從凝膠化步驟至乾燥步驟使陶瓷粒子1之分散穩定地保持,且在凍結步驟中不會妨礙冰5之成長者,則其種類並無特別限制。具體而言,例如適用N-烷基醯胺系高分子、N-異丙基丙烯醯胺系高分子、磺酸基甲基化丙烯醯胺系高分子、N-二甲基胺基丙基甲基丙烯醯胺系高分子、聚烷基丙烯醯胺系高分子、海藻酸、海藻酸鈉、海藻酸銨、聚乙烯亞胺、羧基甲基纖維素、羥基甲基纖維素、甲基纖維素、羥基乙基纖維素、羥基丙基甲基纖維素、羥基乙基甲基纖維素、聚丙烯酸鈉、聚乙二醇、聚環氧乙烷、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、羧基乙烯基聚合物、澱粉、明膠、瓊脂、果膠、聚葡甘露糖(glucomannan)、三仙膠、刺槐豆膠、
卡拉膠、瓜爾膠、及結冷膠(gellan gum)中之1種或2種以上作為水溶性高分子2,但並不限定於上述者。其中,在藉由進行冷卻而適用具有使懸浮體4凝膠化之性質的水溶性高分子2時,為了容易地進行製作懸浮體4時之陶瓷粒子1及水3的混合,實用上較佳為水溶性高分子2之凝膠化溫度為50℃以下。此外,就該水溶性高分子2之具體例而言,可列舉明膠、瓊脂、卡拉膠、及結冷膠。
此外,為了使陶瓷粒子1容易地均勻分散至懸浮體4中,例如亦可適用羧酸系分散劑、馬來酸系分散劑等分散劑。此外,為了將懸浮體4之黏度η調整成對應於陶瓷粒子1之平均粒徑d的所希望程度,亦可調配可組合使用水溶性高分子2之水溶性的增黏劑。就該種增黏劑之具體例而言,例如可列舉增黏多糖類、纖維素介電質系、聚乙烯系、聚酯系、聚醯胺系、聚乙二醇系、聚乙烯醇系、聚環氧烷基系、聚丙烯酸系及該等組合之化合物等,但並不限定於上述者。此外,例示之增黏劑雖與上述之水溶性高分子2重複,但在此係在上述之凝膠化步驟中,將未凝膠化之成分規定為「增黏劑」。
再者,在凍結步驟中,可利用公知之冷卻裝置12。具體而言,可列舉適用下列各種冷卻方法之冷卻裝置12:令使懸浮體4凝膠化之凝膠化體的下表面7側接觸於例如經冷卻之金屬板等固體、依模具使之浸漬於經冷卻的液體中。此外,例如以在乙醇之液面附近不會產生停滯或波浪之方式從相對向之一方側流動至另一方側之方
式,使冷卻為預定溫度之乙醇循環,藉此亦可適用將液面附近之溫度保持為一定之乙醇冷卻裝置作為冷卻裝置12。藉由適用具有該構成之乙醇冷卻裝置,使置入有懸浮體4之模具的底面接觸或浸漬於經冷卻之乙醇的液面並予以保持,以生成凍結體6,即可製作氣孔徑之變異少之多孔質陶瓷11。
此外,凍結步驟中之凝膠化體的凍結溫度係只要凝膠化體中之水3可凍結而生成冰5之程度,則並無制限。此外,依水溶性高分子2之種類,會有因水溶性高分子2與水3之相互作用而造成凝膠化體在比-10℃高之溫度下不會凍結之情形,因此較佳為-10℃以下之凍結溫度。
此外,在乾燥步驟中,可利用藉由一面抑制凍結體6之內外之乾燥速度的差,一面緩緩地將冰5替換為氣孔10而防止龜裂之乾燥手法。具體而言,藉由對凍結體6進行凍結乾燥,或將凍結體6浸漬於水溶性有機溶劑或水溶性有機溶劑水溶液中並進行風乾,即可將冰5替換為氣孔10。
例如,當將凍結體6浸漬在水溶性有機溶劑或水溶性有機溶劑水溶液中時,凍結體6中之冰5會溶解,且與水溶性有機溶劑混合。藉由對該操作執行1次或複數次,首先凍結體6中之屬於冰5的部分係被替換成水溶性有機溶劑。然後,在大氣中或減壓條件下使凍結體6內部由水溶性有機溶劑所替換之凍結體6乾燥,在凍結步驟中
屬於冰5的部分係被替換成氣孔10。
在利用水溶性有機溶劑之乾燥步驟中,就水溶性有機溶劑而言,適用不會侵蝕水溶性高分子2且揮發性比水3高者。具體而言,可列舉甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇、丙酮、醋酸乙酯等,但並不限定於上述者。藉由執行1次或複數次單獨使用該等水溶性有機溶劑、或併用複數種類之乾燥,在凍結體6內屬於冰5之部分,形成有氣孔10。
再者,在脫脂步驟中,適用例如300℃至900℃之脫脂溫度。在此,將例如碳化矽、氮化矽等非氧化物陶瓷予以脫脂時。較佳為在氬氣或氮氣等惰性氣體環境下進行脫脂。相對於此,例如將氧化鋁、氧化鋯、磷灰石等氧化物陶瓷作為原料時,較佳為在大氣環境下進行脫脂。
再者,在燒製步驟中,依據使用之陶瓷粒子1的種類或調配量、目標之硬度等,適當地調整燒製溫度、燒製時間及燒製環境,藉此製作出耐熱衝撃性及彎曲強度佳的多孔質陶瓷11。
如上述方式所得之多孔質陶瓷11之氣孔率較佳為50%至99%之範圍,更佳為70%至99%。當多孔質陶瓷11之氣孔率未達50%時,採用實施形態之多孔質陶瓷11之製造方法的必要性會減低。此外,多孔質陶瓷11之氣孔率超過99%時,例如有時在乾燥步驟中會無法維持形狀,且難以製作具有所希望強度之多孔質陶瓷11。
此外,多孔質陶瓷11在實用上較佳為具有之平均氣孔徑10μm至300μm之連通孔,更佳為10μm
至100μm。此外,平均氣孔徑係可藉由後述之實施例記載之方法而測定。
此外,多孔質陶瓷11之平均彎曲強度,在實用上較佳為10MPa。並且,多孔質陶瓷11之耐熱衝撃性,在實用上較佳為450℃以上,更佳為600℃以上。此外,平均彎曲強度及耐熱衝撃性係可藉由後述之實施例記載之方法而測定。
如以上所製作之多孔質陶瓷11係例如可利用作為在製造積層陶瓷電容器等電子零件的過程中所包含之燒製電子零件的步驟中使用之燒製輔助具。在該燒製步驟中,係使屬於被燒製物之電子零件載置於燒製輔助具,而在窯爐內進行燒製。
以下,利用第2A、2B圖,針對實施形態之可適用多孔質陶瓷11之燒製輔助具加以說明。此外,在第2A、2B圖中,為了更容易地說明,係規定彼此正交之X軸方向、Y軸方向及Z軸方向,並將Z軸正方向設為鉛直向上方向。
第2A圖係顯示實施形態之燒製輔助具之構成概要的示意立體圖。第2B圖係從Y軸之負側觀看第2A圖所示之燒製輔助具時之示意俯視圖。
如第2A、2B圖所示,燒製輔助具13係具備基台14、托架17。並且,在燒製輔助具13之托架17上,載置有被燒製物18。
被燒製物18係例如積層陶瓷電容器等電子
零件。亦即,上述之燒製輔助具13為電子零件用之燒製輔助具。此外,在上述說明中,雖將被燒製物18作為積層陶瓷電容器,但其為例示,並非限定於此。亦即,被燒製物18係只要是例如晶片感應器或半導體基板等進行燒製之電子零件,則亦可為任何種類者。
燒製輔助具13係在托架17之上表面17a載置有被燒製物18的狀態下,配置在未圖示之窯爐內,且進行將被燒製物18予以燒製之步驟。
燒製輔助具13之基台14係具備板部15、支撐部16。板部15係形成為可在上表面載置托架17之形狀,具體而言例如為大致平板狀,且為俯視大致為矩形狀。
支撐部16係具有複數個(例如4個,在第2A圖有1個看不到),且形成在板部15之下表面側的適當位置。具體而言,支撐部16係以從板部15之下表面的四角隅部分朝Z軸之負方向突出之方式形成,以支撐板部15。
再者,基台14並非限定在第2A、2B圖所示之形狀者。亦即,基台14亦可為例如套(匣盆)或承載板等,主要是可載置托架17之形狀即可。此外,基台14與托架17並不一定要為不同體,亦可構成為一體化。
此外,板部15之形狀並非限定於上述之大致矩形狀者。亦即,板部15之形狀亦可為例如正方形或三角形等多角形、或圓形或橢圓形等其他形狀。
此外,本實施形態之托架17係形成為於俯視時大致矩形狀,且設為Z軸方向之厚度較薄之薄板狀。
如此,藉由將托架17設為薄板狀,即可使托架17、甚至燒製輔助具13本身輕量化。
就如上述方式構成之燒製輔助具13而言,可適用實施形態之多孔質陶瓷11。此外,構成基台14之板部15及支撐部16亦可一體成形,個別製作之板部15及支撐部16係適用例如接著、壓接、燒結等其他各種接合手法,來製作基台14。
再者,實施形態之多孔質陶瓷11適用作為燒製輔助具13時,多孔質陶瓷11較佳為相對於調配作為陶瓷粒子1之完全安定化二氧化鋯含有0.01至1.5質量%之Al2O3及0.01至2.0質量%的CaO。當實施形態之多孔質陶瓷11相對於完全安定化二氧化鋯含有適量之Al2O3及Ca時,耐熱衝撃性及彎曲強度會更為提升。
如此,由於實施形態之多孔質陶瓷11適用作為燒製輔助具13,因此在燒製被燒製物18之際窯爐內之熱風會通過配置在被燒製物18之下表面側的基台14及托架17而到達窯爐之下方及側方。因此,可減低窯爐內之溫度不均,且可有效率地使被燒製物18進行燒製。此外,在進行將調配於被燒製物18之黏結劑等其他有機成分予以去除之脫脂時,可有效率地將有機成分從被燒製物18去除。
此外,在第2A、2B圖中,雖係顯示一個燒製輔助具13,但並不限定於此,例如亦可將燒製輔助具13朝Z軸正方向堆疊成複數段,並將載置於複數段之燒製輔
助具13的多數被燒製物18同時地進行燒製。
此外,在上述說明中,雖以實施形態之多孔質陶瓷11適用於基台14及托架17之例加以說明,但亦可將多孔質陶瓷11適用於基台14及托架17中之其中一者。再者,亦可將實施形態之多孔質陶瓷11適用於構成基台14之板部15及支撐部16中之其中一者。
接著,針對製作實施形態之多孔質陶瓷11的方法,利用第6圖詳細地加以說明。第6圖係顯示製造實施形態之多孔質陶瓷11的處理順序的流程圖。
如第6圖所示,首先混合陶瓷粒子1、水溶性高分子2、及水3來調製懸浮體4(步驟S101)。燒製助劑、pH調整劑、起始劑、交聯劑等各種添加劑係可在該時間點添加。此外,水溶性高分子2亦可使用在與陶瓷粒子1混合之前預先與水3混合而成為水溶液者,且亦可將預先混合有水溶性高分子2與陶瓷粒子1者添加在攪拌中之水3。並且,在使用分散劑時,較佳為預先與陶瓷粒子1混合。
接著,使在步驟S101中所調製之懸浮體4凝膠化而形成凝膠化體(步驟S102)。為了促進懸浮體4之凝膠化,若有必要,亦可加熱懸浮體4。
接著,使凝膠化體4凍結而生成具有冰5之結晶朝隨機方向成長之部位的凍結體6(步驟S103)。然後,使凍結體6乾燥並去除成長於凍結體6之冰5,而生成氣孔10(步驟S104)。
再者,進行從凍結體6去除水溶性高分子2
等之有機成分的脫脂(步驟S105),接著進行燒製(S106),該凍結體6係去除冰5而生成氣孔10者。藉由以上之各步驟,結束實施形態之一連串之多孔質陶瓷11的製造。
如以上所述,實施形態之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法係包含使懸浮體凝膠化之步驟、使經凝膠化之上述懸浮體凍結而生成凍結體之步驟、將成長於凍結體之冰予以去除而生成氣孔的步驟、及對去除冰後之上述凍結體進行燒製之步驟。懸浮體係包含陶瓷粒子、水溶性高分子、及水。凝膠化前之前述懸浮體在20℃之黏度η(mPa.s)、與前述陶瓷粒子之平均粒徑d(μm)係具有η≧950×d-0.77之關係。
因此,依據實施形態之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法,可製作耐熱衝撃性及彎曲強度佳之多孔質陶瓷。
此外,在上述之實施形態中,雖列舉凍結使懸浮體4凝膠化之凝膠化體的冷卻裝置12係朝凝膠化體之一方向側配置之例加以說明,但並不限定於此。例如,可為將凝膠化體依模具載置在設定為預定之凍結溫度的冷凍室內之方法,亦可為以隔熱材隔斷上下表面而以輻射伝熱從側面加以冷卻之方法。亦即,依據實施形態之多孔質陶瓷11的製造方法,不論冷卻裝置12之構成為何,皆會生成氣孔10朝隨機方向形成,且耐熱衝撃性及彎曲強度佳的多孔質陶瓷11。
再者,在上述之實施形態中,雖以將乙醇冷卻裝置作為冷卻裝置12為例加以說明,但只要是凝固溫
度低、且達用來凍結凝膠化體所希望之溫度的液狀冷媒,則亦可適用乙醇以外者。具體而言,可列舉乙醇、甲醇、異丙醇、丙酮、乙二醇等,但並不限定於上述者。此外,可單獨使用該等之冷媒17,或併用複數種類,且可依需要與水混合來使用。
並且,在上述之實施形態中,脫脂步驟(步驟S105)雖作為必須之步驟加以說明,但依水溶性高分子2之種類及調配量,亦可予以省略。此時,水溶性高分子2係在燒製步驟(步驟S106)中被分解、去除。
此外,實施形態之多孔質陶瓷11的製造方法之凝膠化前之懸浮體4在20℃的黏度η、與陶瓷粒子1之平均粒徑d的關係式,係以下述方式所得者。首先,就實施形態之多孔質陶瓷11所要求之特性而言,著眼於氣孔10之平均高寬比、平均彎曲強度、耐熱衝撃性。接著,變更陶瓷粒子1之平均粒徑d(μm)及凝膠化前之懸浮體4在20℃之黏度η(mPa.s)的值,同時製作多孔質陶瓷11,並測定所得之多孔質陶瓷11之上述3個特性。再者,由全部符合氣孔10之平均高寬比1至1.4、平均彎曲強度10MPa以上、及耐熱衝撃性450℃以上之各條件的d及η之值來評價相關性時,可得關係式η≧1630×d-0.77。接著,藉由使用以符合該關係式之方式調整之懸浮體4,確認可製作耐熱衝撃性及彎曲強度佳之多孔質陶瓷11。
再者,上述之黏度η及平均粒徑d具有950×d-0.77≦η<1630×d-0.77之關係時,亦得知氣孔10雖完全
不會隨機地形成,且以局部地具有配向性之方式形成,但會生成耐熱衝撃性及彎曲強度佳之多孔質陶瓷11。
(實施例1)
混合平均粒徑9μm之完全安定化二氧化鋯(YSZ)粒子(對應於陶瓷粒子1)20vol%、作為燒製助劑之氧化鋁1.5質量%(相對於安定化二氧化鋯)、碳酸鈣3.5質量%(相對於完全安定化二氧化鋯、以氧化鈣換算為2.0質量%)、及水80.0vol%。在該混合液添加作為增黏劑之微量的羥丙基纖維素、及明膠(對應於水溶性高分子2)3.0質量%(相對於水3)以調製懸浮體4。將所調製之懸浮體4置入於模具,並靜置在5℃之冷藏庫內,以進行懸浮體4之凝膠化。
接著,將置入有經凝膠化之懸浮體4之模具23放入-15℃之冷凍庫,以生成凍結體6。接著將凍結體6從模具取出,且利用凍結乾燥裝置進行24小時之乾燥。再者,利用大氣環境下之電氣爐在600℃下進行2小時之脫脂後,在1600℃下進行2小時之燒製,藉此可得鉛直方向之厚度c=9mm的多孔質陶瓷11,且藉由施行使水平方向之寬度均等地一致之加工,而設成a×b×c=100mm×100mm×9mm(參照第5圖)。此外,施行加工之前的多孔質陶瓷11之水平方向的寬度a×b,係成為(104至106)mm×(104至106)mm左右。分別將凝膠化前之懸浮體4在20℃的黏度η、所得之多孔質陶瓷11的氣孔率、平均氣孔徑、氣孔10之平均高寬比、耐熱衝撃性、及平均彎曲強度顯示在表
1,將多孔質陶瓷11之氣孔徑的變異顯示在表2。此外,第3圖係顯示由本實施例所製作之多孔質陶瓷11的局部剖面圖。
在此,「懸浮體4之黏度η」係利用B型黏度計(Brookfield公司製數位黏度計、型式(DV1、PRIME)),轉軸No.SC4-34、轉數20rpm來測定懸浮體4之黏度的值。再者,「平均彎曲強度」係依據JISR1601:2008所規定之3點彎曲試驗所測定之值。
再者,「氣孔10之高寬比」係可依據第3圖所示之局部縱剖面圖之圖像解析來算出。亦即,將氣孔10之剖面部與橢圓體作近似,將測定面積、長徑及短徑時之短徑除以長徑所得之值稱為「氣孔10之高寬比」。此外,將任意選擇之50個的氣孔10之高寬比的平均值規定為「氣孔10之平均高寬比」。
再者,「耐熱衝撃性」係以列方式進行測定。首先,製作100mm□×厚度3mm之試料。接著,透過設置在相同尺寸之煉瓦質托架的四角隅的支柱從上下方向夾持該試料,並以電氣爐進行高溫加熱而在保持在所希望溫度1小時以上後,從電氣爐取出試料並曝露在室溫下,並以肉眼評價取樣之破裂之有無。一面將設定溫度以50℃為單位從350℃升溫至700℃,一面進行變更,且將不會產生破裂之溫度的上限設為「耐熱衝撃性」。
此外,多孔質陶瓷11之「平均氣孔徑」及「氣孔徑的變異」係由下列方式所算出。首先,如第5圖
所示,將所製作之多孔質陶瓷11作為寬度a1×b1=15mm×15mm、厚度c=9mm之試料片,從中央(α)及端部(β、γ、δ、ε)之合計5處分別切開取出。接著,針對該5個試料片分別算出平均氣孔徑。在此,各試料片之「平均氣孔徑」係指以接觸角140度利用水銀壓入法分別對各試料片進行測定,依據使氣孔10近似於圓柱時之氣孔分佈所得之中間值徑(d50)。
再者,求出各平均氣孔徑中之最大值與最小值之差,將該值((最大值)-(最小值))除以各平均氣孔徑之平均值所得之值的百分率係設為「氣孔徑之變異」(%)。此外,將依試料片所得之平均氣孔徑的平均值規定為多孔質陶瓷11之「平均氣孔徑」。
(實施例2)
混合平均粒徑0.5μm之氧化鋁1.5(對應於陶瓷粒子1)10vol%、水80.0vol%、及微量之羧酸系分散劑。在該混合液添加作為增黏劑之微量的羥丙基纖維素、明膠(對應水溶性高分子2)3質量%(相對於水3)以調製懸浮體4。將所調製之懸浮體置入於模具,以進行懸浮體4之凝膠化。
接著,將置入有經凝膠化之懸浮體4之模具23放入-15℃之凍結槽並予以冷卻,以生成凍結體6。接著將凍結體6從模具取出,且利用甲醇使之乾燥。再者,利用大氣環境下之電氣爐在1600℃下進行2小時之燒製後,在1600℃下進行2小時之燒製,藉此可得多孔質陶瓷11。將以與實施例1同樣之方式所得之凝膠化前之懸浮體4在
20℃的黏度η、所得之多孔質陶瓷11的氣孔率、平均氣孔徑、氣孔10之平均高寬比、耐熱衝撃性、及平均彎曲強度顯示在表1。
(實施例3)
除了將完全安定化二氧化鋯(YSZ)粒子(對應於陶瓷粒子1)之平均粒徑變更為1.5μm,並將以vol%單位表示之陶瓷粒子1與水3之混合比設為15:85,在將經凝膠化之懸浮體4置入模具之狀態下載置於冷卻至-15℃之銅板上2小時間,以生成凍結體6之外,藉由與實施例1同樣之方法來製作多孔質陶瓷11。將以與實施例1同樣之方式所得之凝膠化前之懸浮體4在20℃的黏度η、所得之多孔質陶瓷11的氣孔率、平均氣孔徑、氣孔10之平均高寬比、耐熱衝撃性、及平均彎曲強度顯示在表1。並且,將多孔質陶瓷11之氣孔徑的變異顯示在表2。
(實施例4)
除了使用平均粒徑5.8μm之完全安定化二氧化鋯(YSZ)粒子,並且適用後述之冷卻裝置12來取代所冷卻之銅板之外,藉由與實施例1同樣之方法來製作多孔質陶瓷11。在冷卻步驟中,係將乙醇冷卻裝置適用作為冷卻裝置12,使置入有經凝膠化之懸浮體4的模具之底面接觸於液面,並保持20分鐘且進行冷卻,該乙醇冷卻裝置係以不會在乙醇之液面附近產生停滯或波浪之方式流動,而從相對向之一方側循環至另一方側,並將液面附近之溫度保持在-15℃。將以與實施例1同樣之方式所得之凝膠化前之懸浮
體4在20℃的黏度η、所得之多孔質陶瓷11的氣孔率、平均氣孔徑、氣孔10之平均高寬比、耐熱衝撃性、及平均彎曲強度顯示在表1。
(實施例5)
混合平均粒徑0.7μm之碳化矽(對應於陶瓷粒子1)10vol%、作為燒製助劑之微量之碳及碳化硼、水90vol%,並且添加瓊脂(對應於水溶性高分子2)1.0質量%(相對於水3),以調製懸浮體4。
接著,將經調製之懸浮體4置入模具23且放置在冷藏庫內,並使置入模具之懸浮體4凝膠化。將置入有經凝膠化之懸浮體4的模具浸漬於-15℃之凍結槽並使之冷卻,以生成凍結體6。接著將凍結體6從模具取出,且利用甲醇使之乾燥。再者,利用大氣環境下之電氣爐在1600℃下進行2小時之燒製。將以與實施例1同樣之方式所得之凝膠化前之懸浮體4在20℃的黏度η、所得之多孔質陶瓷11的氣孔率、平均氣孔徑、氣孔10之平均高寬比、耐熱衝撃性、及平均彎曲強度顯示在表1。
(實施例6)
混合平均粒徑2.1μm之氮化矽(對應於陶瓷粒子1)10vol%、作為燒製助劑之微量的氧化鋁及氧化釔、及水90vol%。在該混合液添加作為增黏劑之微量的羥丙基纖維素、聚乙烯亞胺(對應於水溶性高分子2)5質量%(相對於水3)、交聯劑(二甘油環氧丙基醚)2.5質量%(相對於水3)並予以混合,以調製懸浮體4。
接著,使所調製之懸浮體4放入於模具且在20℃靜置6小時,並使懸浮體4凝膠化。將置入有經凝膠化之懸浮體4的模具浸漬於-15℃之凍結槽並使之冷卻,以生成凍結體6。接著將凍結體6從模具取出,且利用凍結乾燥裝置進行24小時之乾燥。接者,利用氮氣環境下之電氣爐在1700℃下進行2小時之燒製。將以與實施例1同樣之方式所得之凝膠化前之懸浮體4在20℃的黏度η、所得之多孔質陶瓷11的氣孔率、平均氣孔徑、氣孔10之平均高寬比、耐熱衝撃性、及平均彎曲強度顯示在表1。
(實施例7)
除了不使用燒製助劑之外,藉由與實施例3同樣之方法來製作多孔質陶瓷11。將以與實施例1同樣之方式所得之凝膠化前之懸浮體4在20℃的黏度η、所得之多孔質陶瓷11的氣孔率、平均氣孔徑、氣孔10之平均高寬比、耐熱衝撃性、及平均彎曲強度顯示在表1。
(實施例8)
除了調整增黏劑之添加量並使黏性降低之外,藉由與實施例3同樣之方法來製作多孔質陶瓷11。將以與實施例1同樣之方式所得之凝膠化前之懸浮體4在20℃的黏度η、所得之多孔質陶瓷11的氣孔率、平均氣孔徑、氣孔10之平均高寬比、耐熱衝撃性、及平均彎曲強度顯示在表1。此外,第4A、4B圖係由本實施例所製作之多孔質陶瓷11的局部縱剖面圖。
(實施例9)
除了調整增黏劑之添加量並使黏性降低下之外,藉由與實施例4同樣之方法來製作多孔質陶瓷11。將以與實施例1同樣之方式所得之凝膠化前之懸浮體4在20℃的黏度η、所得之多孔質陶瓷11的氣孔率、平均氣孔徑、氣孔10之平均高寬比、耐熱衝撃性、及平均彎曲強度顯示在表1。
(比較例1)
除了使用平均粒徑1.5μm之完全安定化二氧化鋯(YSZ)粒子,且不添加增黏劑之外,藉由與實施例4同樣之方法來製作多孔質陶瓷11。將以與實施例1同樣之方式所得之凝膠化前之懸浮體4在20℃的黏度η、所得之多孔質陶瓷11的氣孔率、平均氣孔徑、氣孔10之平均高寬比、耐熱衝撃性、及平均彎曲強度顯示在表1。將多孔質陶瓷11之氣孔徑的變異顯示在表2。此外,第8圖係由本比較例所製作之多孔質陶瓷11的局部縱剖面圖。
(比較例2)
除了不添加增黏劑之外,利用與實施例4同樣之方法,製作多孔質陶瓷11。將以與實施例1同樣之方式所得之凝膠化前之懸浮體4在20℃的黏度η、所得之多孔質陶瓷11的氣孔率、平均氣孔徑、氣孔10之平均高寬比、耐熱衝撃性、及平均彎曲強度顯示在表1。
(比較例3)
除了使用平均粒徑0.5μm之完全安定化二氧化鋯(YSZ)粒子且不添加增黏劑之外,藉由與實施例7同樣之方
法來製作多孔質陶瓷11。將以與實施例1同樣之方式所得之凝膠化前之懸浮體4在20℃的黏度η、所得之多孔質陶瓷11的氣孔率、平均氣孔徑、氣孔10之平均高寬比、耐熱衝撃性、及平均彎曲強度顯示在表1。
針對實施例1至比較例3中所使用之陶瓷粒子1及所製作之多孔質陶瓷11,總括地顯示在表1。
如表1所示,多孔質陶瓷11(實施例1至7)之氣孔10之平均高寬比皆為1.4以下,該多孔質陶瓷11係以相對於陶瓷粒子1之平均粒徑d,使凝膠化前之懸浮
體4之在20℃的黏度η具有特定關係、亦即關係式η≧1630×d-0.77的方式調製懸浮體4之黏性而得者。再者,從圖像解析之觀點來看視覺上明顯得知,依據實施例1至7,製作形成有朝隨機方向連通之氣孔10的多孔質陶瓷11(參照第3圖)。
再者,多孔質陶瓷11(實施例8、9)之氣孔10之平均高寬比皆為超過1.4且在2.0以下,該多孔質陶瓷11係以使上述之黏度η具有及平均粒徑d具有950×d-0.77≦η<1630×d-0.77之關係之方式調製懸浮體4之黏性而得者。再者,從圖像解析之觀點來看視覺上明顯得知,依據實施例8、9,製作具有所形成之氣孔10朝隨機方向連通之部分(參照第4A圖)、及以具有異向性之方式配向而連通之部分(參照第4B圖)的多孔質陶瓷11(參照第3圖)。
此外,如上述所示以符合關係式950×d-0.77≦η<1630×d-0.77之方式調製懸浮體4之黏性所得之多孔質陶瓷11(實施例8、9)的氣孔10之平均高寬比,係考慮依測定部位之氣孔10的配向性之變異,以下列方式算出。亦即,將所得之多孔質陶瓷11予以分割成5個,在各個部位以與第3圖所示之局部縱剖面圖同樣之方式拍攝SEM照片。接著,針對所得之各SEM照片進行圖像解析,且算出由各圖像任意地選擇之10個、合計50個之氣孔10的高寬比,將該平均值設為「氣孔10之平均高寬比」。
另一方面,如比較例1至3製作之多孔質陶瓷11的氣孔10之平均高寬比係超過2.0,與由實施例1
至9所製作之多孔質陶瓷11相比較,得知氣孔10係以具有異向性之方式形成。而且,該多孔質陶瓷11之製作,係從圖像解析之觀點來看亦明顯(參照第8圖)
再者,如表1所示,具有氣孔10朝隨機方向形成之部分的多孔質陶瓷11,與以氣孔10遍及整體具有異向性之方式形成之多孔質陶瓷11相比較,前者之耐熱衝擊性及平均彎曲強度皆高。亦即,依據實施形態之多孔質陶瓷11的製造方法,可製作耐熱衝擊性及彎曲強度佳之多孔質陶瓷11。
接著,實施例1至比較例3中,關於在實施例1、實施例3及比較例1中使用在懸浮體4之調製時的增黏劑之有無及所製作之多孔質陶瓷11的氣孔徑之變異,作為代表例總括地顯示在表2。
如表2所示,適用添加有增黏劑之懸浮體4所製作之多孔質陶瓷11,皆形成有氣孔徑之變異為10%以下、氣孔徑之變異較少之氣孔10。其理由可能為藉由增黏劑之添加而抑制冰5之成長,且使冰5之成長速度均質化
之故。
更進一步之效果及變形例係可由相關業者容易地導出。因此,本發明之更廣範圍之態樣並非限定於如以上所揭露敘述之特定詳細及代表性之實施形態。因此,在未脫離由附加之申請專利範圍及其等效物所定義之總括性發明概念之精神或範圍的情況下,可進行各種之變更。
Claims (13)
- 一種多孔質陶瓷的製造方法,係包含:使包含陶瓷粒子、水溶性高分子及水之懸浮體凝膠化之步驟;使經凝膠化之前述懸浮體在-10℃以下之凍結溫度凍結而生成凍結體之步驟;去除成長在前述凍結體之冰而生成氣孔之步驟;以及燒製經去所前述冰之前述凍結體的步驟;凝膠化前之前述懸浮體在20℃之黏度η(mPa.s)、與前述陶瓷粒子之平均粒徑d(μm)係具有η≧950×d-0.77之關係;其中,前述水溶性高分子係包含N-烷基醯胺系高分子、N-異丙基丙烯醯胺系高分子、磺酸基甲基化丙烯醯胺系高分子、N-二甲基胺基丙基甲基丙烯醯胺系高分子、聚烷基丙烯醯胺系高分子、海藻酸、海藻酸鈉、海藻酸銨、聚乙烯亞胺、羧基甲基纖維素、羥基甲基纖維素、甲基纖維素、羥基乙基纖維素、羥基丙基甲基纖維素、羥基乙基甲基纖維素、聚丙烯酸鈉、聚乙二醇、聚環氧乙烷、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、羧基乙烯基聚合物、澱粉、明膠、瓊脂、果膠、聚葡甘露糖、三仙膠、刺槐豆膠、卡拉膠、瓜爾膠、及結冷膠中之1種以上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法,其中,前述黏度η、與前述陶瓷粒子之平均粒徑 d係具有η≧1630×d-0.77之關係。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法,其中,前述陶瓷粒子係包含氧化鋯、氧化鋁、二氧化矽、二氧化鈦、碳化矽、碳化硼、氮化矽、氮化硼、堇青石、羥磷石灰、賽倫陶瓷、鋯石、鈦酸鋁、及莫來石中之1種以上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法,其中,多孔質陶瓷之氣孔率為50%至99%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法,其中,氣孔之平均高寬比為1至2。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法,其中,多孔質陶瓷之平均彎曲強度為10MPa以上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法,其中,多孔質陶瓷之耐熱衝擊性為450℃以上。
- 一種多孔質陶瓷,係由申請專利範圍第1項至第7項中任一項所述之多孔質陶瓷的製造方法所製作者。
- 一種多孔質陶瓷,係包含完全安定化氧化鋯95質量%以上,氣孔率為50%至99%,氣孔之平均高寬比比為1至2,平均彎曲強度為10MPa以上,平均氣孔徑為10μm至100μm。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之多孔質陶瓷,其中,耐熱衝擊性為450℃以上。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之多孔質陶瓷,其中,平均氣孔徑之變異為10%以下。
- 一種托架,係具有申請專利範圍第9項至第11項中任一項所述之多孔質陶瓷,前述多孔質陶瓷係更包含相對於前述完全安定化氧化鋯為0.01至1.5質量%的Al2O3及0.01至2.0質量%之CaO。
- 一種燒製輔助具,係具備:基台;以及載置在前述基台上之申請專利範圍第12項所述之托架。
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