TWI577549B - 樹脂複合體以及樹脂複合體的製造方法 - Google Patents
樹脂複合體以及樹脂複合體的製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI577549B TWI577549B TW104107869A TW104107869A TWI577549B TW I577549 B TWI577549 B TW I577549B TW 104107869 A TW104107869 A TW 104107869A TW 104107869 A TW104107869 A TW 104107869A TW I577549 B TWI577549 B TW I577549B
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Description
本發明係有關於一種樹脂複合體及樹脂複合體的製造方法。
近年來FRP等被稱為纖維強化樹脂材,係因為輕量且具有高機械強度,故擴大其需求。
前述纖維強化樹脂材特別是在汽車領域、船舶領域、飛機領域等擴大其需求。
該汽車、船舶、飛機等的輸送機器之中,特別是在汽車領域,強烈地被要求其構成用組件為輕量且具有高的強度。
從此種背景,已提案出以樹脂複合體來形成汽車的一部分,其中該樹脂複合體係使用纖維強化樹脂材被覆由樹脂發泡體所形成的芯材而成者。
因為該樹脂複合體係藉由纖維強化樹脂材而在表層部形成具有優異強度之纖維強化樹脂層,同時藉由前述芯材而能夠發揮優異的輕量性,故認為可使用在汽車的車頂蓬、引擎蓋、擋泥板、下蓋等的組件。
關於如此之樹脂複合體,下述專利文獻1中係揭一種將薄片狀的纖維強化樹脂材(纖維強化樹脂片)與熱塑性樹脂發泡體層積一體化而成者。
[專利文獻1]日本特開平9-314713號公報
樹脂複合體不僅是芯材為板狀等,具有三維形狀者之時,所施加的應力容易集中在特定位置。
例如,具有盤形狀之樹脂複合體,其具備底面部及從該底面部的外緣向外擴大且立起的側壁部,在該底面部與該側壁部的境界部分容易產生應力集中,特別是在內側的角隅部分容易產生應力集中。
因此,就使樹脂複合體或使用該樹脂複合體而成之輸送機器構成用組件成為具有優異的強度者而言,對於對如此的部分之應力集中預先施予對策乃有效的。
但是,以往,未著眼於有關對樹脂複合體施加的應力局部集中,而對於該應力集中之對策,係幾乎沒有進行之狀況。
因此,本發明之課題係提供一種經施予如上述的對策之樹脂複合體。
為了解決上述課題,本發明人經專心研究之結果,發現在具有立體形狀的芯材中表面的一部位與其他部位以小於180度的內角相鄰之角隅部係容易產生應力集中;以及藉由將該角隅部的氣泡形狀調整成為預定狀態,成為對於應力集中之有效的對策,終完成本發明。
亦即,為了解決上述課題,本發明人係提供一種樹脂複合體,其係具備:由樹脂發泡體所構成之芯材;及含有樹脂及纖維之纖維強化樹脂材;前述芯材的表面以前述纖維強化樹脂材被覆;在前述芯材係具備角隅部,前述表面之中的一部位與其他部位係透過該角隅部以小於180度的內角相鄰,前述芯材係從該角隅部的表面起算至2.5mm深度為止的氣泡之扁平率為20%以上。
而且,本發明係提供一種樹脂複合體的製造方法,其係用以製造樹脂複合體之樹脂複合體,該樹脂複合體係具備:由樹脂發泡體所構成之芯材;及含有樹脂及纖維之纖維強化樹脂材;前述芯材的表面以前述纖維強化樹脂材被覆;所製造的樹脂複合體的芯材係具備角隅部,於該芯材係具備,被纖維強化樹脂材被覆的表面之中的一部位以小於180度的內角與其他部位相鄰而成的角隅部;該製造方法係實施:第1步驟,其係將纖維強化樹脂材層積在芯材的表面而製造預備成形體;及第2步驟,其係以成形模具將已設成加熱狀態的前述預備成形體加壓而使芯材與纖維強化樹脂材熱接著;在前述第2步驟係使用至少在成為前述角隅部的部位含有發泡劑之芯材,而且在
該第2步驟係增大在芯材的前述部位之氣泡大小,而製造具備從前述角隅部的表面起算至2.5mm深度為止的氣泡之扁平率為20%以上之芯材。
本發明的樹脂複合體,係因為具有如上述的構成,所以具有優異的機械強度。而且,依照本發明的樹脂複合體的製造方法,能夠製造具有優異的機械強度之樹脂複合體。
1‧‧‧發泡片
2‧‧‧纖維強化樹脂材
3‧‧‧離型薄膜
5‧‧‧夾具
41‧‧‧模具(母模)
41a、42a‧‧‧熱成形面
42‧‧‧模具(公模)
43‧‧‧模穴
44‧‧‧發泡空間部
100‧‧‧凹部
110‧‧‧底面部
120‧‧‧側壁部
140‧‧‧第2凹部
150‧‧‧薄壁部
A‧‧‧樹脂複合體
A1‧‧‧芯材
A2‧‧‧纖維強化樹脂層
Aa‧‧‧底面部
Ab‧‧‧側壁部
Ac‧‧‧角隅部
Ad‧‧‧凸緣部
B‧‧‧高度賦形部
M‧‧‧預備成形體
M1‧‧‧賦形對象部分
N‧‧‧假想線
P1、P2‧‧‧點
L‧‧‧直線
T0‧‧‧長度
S1、S2‧‧‧表面
S11、S21‧‧‧兩端
C1、C2‧‧‧直線
第1a圖係顯示第1實施形態之樹脂複合體之概略立體圖。
第1b圖係顯示第1實施形態之樹脂複合體之概略剖面圖。
第1c圖係顯示樹脂複合體的變形例之概略立體圖。
第2圖係顯示第1實施形態之樹脂複合體的芯材厚度之測定要領之示意圖。
第3圖係顯示決定第1實施形態之樹脂複合體的高度賦形部的要領之示意圖。
第4圖係顯示氣泡扁平率的算出要領之示意圖。
第5圖係顯示將積層體配設在公母公母模具之間的狀態之示意圖。
第6圖係顯示積層體的發泡片進行二次發泡前的狀態之示意圖。
第7圖係顯示積層體的發泡片進行二次發泡之後的狀態之示意圖。
第8圖係顯示使公母模具開模而取出樹脂複合體並切除發泡片的兩端部的狀態之示意圖。
第9圖係顯示第2實施形態之樹脂複合體之平面圖(上面圖)。
第10圖係顯示第2實施形態之樹脂複合體之平面圖(底面圖)。
第11圖係顯示第2實施形態之樹脂複合體之剖面圖(第9圖的III-III線箭視剖面圖)。
以下,說明本發明的實施形態。
本發明的樹脂複合體,係具備:由樹脂發泡體所構成之芯材;及含有樹脂及纖維之纖維強化樹脂材;前述纖維強化樹脂材被覆在前述芯材的表面而形成纖維強化樹脂層。
又,在以下亦將“纖維強化樹脂層”稱為“FRP層”。
在此作為前述芯材,例如可舉出藉由擠製法等所形成之樹脂發泡片(以下,亦簡稱為「發泡片」);使該樹脂發泡片進行熱成形而成之成形體;或是使樹脂發泡珠粒進行模內成形而成之珠粒發泡成形體。
首先,使用將發泡片熱成形而成之成形體作為芯材之情形作為例子,而說明本發明的第1實施形態。
第1a圖係該第1實施形態之樹脂複合體之概略立體圖,第1b圖係概略剖面圖。第1c圖係表示其變形例之概略立體圖。
前述剖面圖(第1b圖)係顯示在前述立體圖(第1a圖)之I-I線箭視剖面的情形。
如圖所顯示,樹脂複合體A的芯材A1係由發泡片1所構成者。
本實施形態之樹脂複合體A,係在俯視之輪廓形狀為大略正方形且在4個角部具有圓形之正方形狀的輪廓形狀。
而且,樹脂複合體A係以圍繞在俯視之外周邊的形式設置有側壁部。
樹脂複合體A,係從比前述輪廓形狀更小一些的正方形狀底面部的外周邊,向外擴大且立起的形式具有前述側壁部。
因而,本實施形態之樹脂複合體A,換言之,係具有深度淺的四方盆形狀。
又,以下,係將在第1a圖之進深方向稱為長度方向,將在第1a圖之橫方向稱為寬度方向。
前述芯材A1,係具有與樹脂複合體A大略相同形狀且具有將樹脂複合體A的厚度稍微地薄化後的形狀。
亦即,前述芯材A係具有:底面部Aa,其係使樹脂複合體A成為水平放置狀態時成為大略水平;及側壁部Ab,其係從該底面部Aa的外周邊以預定仰角向外擴大且立起。
因而,前述芯材A1係具備底面部Aa的表面以小於180度的內角與側壁部Ab的表面相鄰而成之角隅部Ac。
亦即,本實施形態的前述芯材A1,係形成底面部Aa的部位與形成側壁部Ab的部位之2個部位透過角隅部Ac而相鄰。
又,本實施形態的樹脂複合體A之芯材A1,係具備從前述側壁部Ab的上端緣朝向外側進行短延伸之凸緣部Ad。
而且,在第1a圖所顯示的樹脂複合體A係在芯材A1的兩面層積有FRP層A2、A2,且在前述凸緣部Ad的外側端面以外,芯材A1的大略全面係被纖維強化樹脂材覆蓋。
又,本實施形態的樹脂複合體A,亦可以只有在芯材A1的一面具備FRP層A2。
而且,本實施形態之樹脂複合體A,係在其變更例中,在俯視之輪廓形狀能夠不為正方形,而是設為其他的多角形、圓形、橢圓形、半圓形、新月形、不定形等各種的形態。
在第1c圖所顯示的變更例之樹脂複合體A係具有盤形狀,該盤形狀係在俯視之輪廓形狀為長方形且具有沿著該長方形的長邊而形成的側壁部。
但是,該變更例之樹脂複合體A係與在第1a圖所例示者不同,不是以圍繞外周部的形式設置前述側壁部,在沿著短邊的部位係不形成側壁部。
亦即,該變更例之樹脂複合體A係具有深度淺的槽
(gutter)形狀。
又,以下,將沿著前述長方形的長邊之方向(在第1c圖之進深方向)稱為長度方向,將沿著短邊之方向(在第1c圖之橫向)稱為寬度方向。
而且,該變更例之樹脂複合體A,係沿著其寬度方向而切斷時,其剖面形狀(第1c圖的II-II線箭視剖面)以與在第1b圖所顯示的形狀同樣地形成。
在該變形例之前述芯材A1,係具有與樹脂複合體A大略相同形狀且具有將樹脂複合體A的厚度稍微地薄化後的形狀。
亦即,前述芯材A係具有:底面部Aa,其係使樹脂複合體A成為水平放置狀態時成為大略水平;及側壁部Ab,其係從該底面部Aa的寬度方向兩端部以預定仰角向外擴大且立起。
因而,前述芯材A1係使底面部Aa的表面以小於180度的內角與側壁部Ab的表面相鄰,且沿著該等境界領域而具備角隅部Ac。
亦即,本實施形態的前述芯材A1,係使形成底面部Aa的部位與形成側壁部Ab的部位之2個部位透過角隅部Ac而相鄰。
另一方面,在底面部Aa的長度方向兩端部,因為不形成側壁部,所以不形成角隅部。
又,該變更例之樹脂複合體A之芯材A1,就具備從前述側壁部Ab的上端緣朝向外側進行短延伸的凸緣部Ad方
面而言,係與在第1a圖所例示者共通。
該變更例之樹脂複合體A,就在芯材A1的兩面層積FRP層A2、A2之方面而言,亦與在第1a圖所例示者共通。
該變更例之樹脂複合體A,就除了前述凸緣部Ad的外側端面以外,芯材A1的大略全面被纖維強化樹脂材覆蓋方面而言,亦與在第1a圖所例示者共通。
而且,該變更例之樹脂複合體A,就亦可只在芯材A1的一面具有FRP層A2方面而言,亦與在第1a圖所例示者共通。
又,將發泡片設為芯材之樹脂複合體A,不僅是如上述所例示的盤形狀者,例如亦可以為如平坦的片狀物被折彎加工後的形狀者;亦可以為以全體成為階梯狀的方式使直線狀的角隅部複數個並列配置者。
前述發泡片1,係例如只要能夠藉由熱成形等而成為三維的形狀者,就沒有特別限定。
作為構成發泡片之樹脂,沒有特別限定、例如可舉例如聚碳酸酯樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂、熱塑性聚酯樹脂、聚苯醚系樹脂、聚甲基丙烯醯亞胺樹脂、聚烯烴系樹脂、聚苯乙烯系樹脂等。
構成該發泡片之樹脂,係以與構成FRP層A2之樹脂具有優異的親和性為佳。
因而,在前面所例示者之中,係以將與許多種類的樹脂之間顯示優異的親和性者作為構成發泡片之樹脂為佳,該樹脂係以熱塑性聚酯樹脂、聚苯乙烯系樹脂、丙烯酸系
樹脂、聚苯醚系樹脂等為佳。
又,發泡片係未必由單獨種類的樹脂所構成,亦可由含有2種類以上的樹脂之混合樹脂所構成。
作為前述熱塑性聚酯樹脂,通常係能夠採用使二羧酸與二元醇縮合聚合而成之線狀聚酯。
作為熱塑性聚酯樹脂,例如可舉出芳香族聚酯樹脂、脂肪族聚酯樹脂。
前述所謂芳香族聚酯樹脂,係含有芳香族二羧酸成分與二醇成分之聚酯。
作為前述芳香族聚酯樹脂,例如可舉出聚對酞酸乙二酯、聚對酞酸丙二酯、聚對酞酸丁二酯、聚對酞酸環己烷二甲酯(polycyclohexane dimethyl terephthalate)、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二酯等。
構成前述發泡片之芳香族聚酯樹脂,係以聚對酞酸乙二酯為佳。
又,發泡片係可以為含有1種類的芳香族聚酯樹脂者,亦可以為含有2種類以上的芳香族聚酯樹脂者。
又,發泡片係除了芳香族二羧酸成分及二醇成分以外,例如亦可以由含有1,2,4-苯三甲酸等的三羧酸、焦蜜石酸等的四羧酸等三元以上的多元羧酸和其酐、甘油等的三醇、新戊四醇等的四醇等三元以上的多元醇等作為構成成分之芳香族聚酯樹脂所形成。
又,發泡片亦可以由使用完畢的PET瓶等回收且再生而成之芳香族聚酯樹脂(再利用材料)所形成。
在發泡片所含有的聚對酞酸乙二酯,亦可藉由交聯劑而交聯。
作為交聯劑,能夠使用眾所周知者,例如可舉出焦蜜石酸酐等的酸二酐、多官能環氧化合物、唑啉化合物、嗪化合物等。
又,交聯劑係可以單獨使用亦可併用二種以上。
作為脂肪族聚酯樹脂,例如聚乳酸系樹脂。
作為聚乳酸系樹脂,係能夠使用乳酸藉由酯鍵聚合而成之樹脂,從商業的取得容易性及對聚乳酸系樹脂發泡粒子賦予發泡性的觀點而言,係以D-乳酸(D體)及L-乳酸(L體)的共聚物、D-乳酸或L-乳酸的任一方之同元聚合物、由D-丙交酯、L-丙交酯及DL-丙交酯所組成之群組選擇之1種或2種以上的丙交酯之開環聚合物為佳。
又,在發泡片的形成所使用的脂肪族聚酯樹脂,係可以1種單獨亦可以二種以上。
而且,發泡片亦可以為含有1種以上的芳香族聚酯樹脂及1種以上的脂肪族聚酯樹脂者。
聚乳酸系樹脂,係例如亦可含有乙醇酸、羥基酪酸、羥基戊酸、羥基己酸、羥基庚酸等的脂肪族羥基羧酸;琥珀酸、己二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、十二烷二羧酸、琥珀酸酐、己二酸酐、1,3,5-苯三甲酸、丙烷三羧酸、焦蜜石酸、焦蜜石酸酐等的脂肪族多元羧酸;乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,4-環己烷二甲醇、新戊二醇、癸二醇、甘油、三羥甲基丙烷、新戊四醇等的脂肪族多元醇等
作為乳酸以外的單體成分。
聚乳酸系樹脂,亦可含有烷基、乙烯基、羰基、芳香族基、酯基、醚基、醛基、胺基、腈基、硝基等其他的官能基。
聚乳酸系樹脂,亦可藉由異氰酸酯系交聯劑等進行交聯,亦可藉由酯鍵1以外的結合鍵而鍵結。
作為聚苯醚系樹脂,例如可舉出聚(2,6-二甲基伸苯基-1,4-醚)、聚(2,6-二乙基伸苯基-1,4-醚)、聚(2,6-二氯伸苯基-1,4-醚)、聚(2,6-二溴伸苯基-1,4-醚)、聚(2-甲基-6-乙基伸苯基-1,4-醚)、聚(2-氯-6-甲基伸苯基-1,4-醚)、聚(2-甲基-6-異丙基伸苯基-1,4-醚)、聚(2,6-二-正丙基伸苯基-1,4-醚)、聚(2-溴-6-甲基伸苯基-1,4-醚)、聚(2-氯-6-溴伸苯基-1,4-醚)、聚(2-氯-6-乙基伸苯基-1,4-醚)等。聚苯醚系樹脂的聚合度,係通常能夠使用10至5000者。
採用以丙烯酸系樹脂所形成的發泡片時,作為該丙烯酸系樹脂,係可採用藉由使(甲基)丙烯酸系單體聚合而得到者。
又,所謂(甲基)丙烯酸基,係意味著丙烯酸基或甲基丙烯酸基的任一者或兩者。
當成為丙烯酸系樹脂的構成單元之(甲基)丙烯酸系單體,沒有特別限定,例如可舉出(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸環己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苄酯、(甲基)丙烯醯胺等。
又,丙烯酸系樹脂係除了上述(甲基)丙烯酸系單體以外,亦可含有能夠與其共聚合的單體成分。
作為此種單體,可舉出順丁烯二酸、順丁烯二酸酐、反丁烯二酸、伊康酸、伊康酸酐、巴豆酸、順丁烯二醯胺、順丁烯二醯亞胺等。
採用由聚苯乙烯系樹脂所形成的發泡片時,作為該聚苯乙烯系樹脂,沒有特別限定,例如可舉出含有苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯、乙基苯乙烯、異丙基苯乙烯、二甲基苯乙烯、氯苯乙烯、溴苯乙烯等的苯乙烯系單體作為單體單元之同元聚合物或共聚物;含有苯乙烯系單體、及能夠與該苯乙烯系單體共聚合之一種或二種以上的乙烯基單體作為單體單元之共聚物等。
又,作為聚苯乙烯系樹脂,係以含有苯乙烯系單體、及能夠與該苯乙烯系單體共聚合之一種或二種以上的乙烯基單體作為構成單元之共聚物為佳;以含有甲基丙烯酸及/或甲基丙烯酸甲酯、及苯乙烯系單體作為構成單元之共聚物為較佳。
而且,發泡片亦可以為含有二種以上的聚苯乙烯系樹脂者。
作為能夠與苯乙烯系單體共聚合的乙烯基單體,例如可舉出丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯(丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯等)、甲基丙烯酸酯(甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯等)等的丙烯酸系單體、順丁烯二酸酐、丙
烯醯胺等。
其中,作為能夠與苯乙烯系單體共聚合的乙烯基單體,尤其是以丙烯酸系單體為佳。
作為聚苯乙烯系樹脂,係以含有甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯者為較佳。
在本實施形態之芯材A1,上述發泡片1係藉由熱成形而被賦形者,且具有三維的立體形狀。
在本實施形態之芯材A1,例如可以為在與纖維強化樹脂材層積前預先被賦形者;亦可以為在與纖維強化樹脂材層積後,與纖維強化樹脂材一起被賦形者。
作為用以對該芯材A1賦予立體的形狀之熱成形,係能夠使用眾所周知的方法,例如可舉出真空成形法、壓空成形法、壓縮成形法等。
本實施形態的樹脂複合體A,係在從角隅部Ac的表面起算2.5mm深度為止的區域之氣泡的扁平率為20%以上。
又,本實施形態的樹脂複合體A,係在角隅部Ac之芯材A1的厚度係比透過該角隅部Ac而相鄰之前述底面部Aa及前述側壁部Ab更厚。
在通常的發泡片和珠粒發泡成形體中,表面附近的氣泡係在與該表面平行的方向進行長延伸而成的扁平狀物,通常扁平率小於20%。
又,在通常的樹脂複合體的製造方法中,在與纖維強化樹脂材層積一體化時,因為芯材被壓縮,所以該扁平率
進一步變小。
相對於此,本實施形態的樹脂複合體A,係如後述,在至少成為前述角隅部的部位,使用含有發泡劑的發泡片而形成。
本實施形態的樹脂複合體A,係能夠以對於成為角隅部的部位,以免施加過度的壓力而使發泡片與纖維強化樹脂材層積一體化來製造。
而且,本實施形態的樹脂複合體A,係藉由在其製造時不對含有發泡劑之前述部位施加過度的壓力,以增大在該部位的氣泡之大小。
亦即,相較於成形前的發泡片狀態時,芯材的角隅部的氣泡朝厚度方向成長。
在本實施形態中之樹脂複合體A的芯材A1,角隅部表面附近的氣泡具有20%以上的扁平率。
前述角隅部Ac係以在前述側壁部Ab對前述底面部Aa為伏倒的方向、或在前述側壁部Ab對前述底面部Aa為起立的方向產生變形的形式,為在對樹脂複合體A施加應力時容易產生應力集中之處。
亦即,例如對前述側壁部Ab為起立的方向施加應力時,前述角隅部Ac係以內側的FRP層A2朝彎曲的方向被變形之結果,係以從內側朝向外側被壓縮的形式而容易蒙受應力之處。
又,對前述側壁部Ab為伏倒的方向施加應力時,前述角隅部Ac係以朝面方向被伸長的形式而容易蒙受應力
之處。
在此,所謂芯材的氣泡之扁平率為一定以上,係意味著芯材的氣泡膜多半成為朝芯材的厚度方向立起之狀態。
亦即,所謂芯材的氣泡之扁平率為一定以上,係意味著芯材對其厚度方向施加的壓縮應力之抵抗能力較高。
又,所謂芯材的氣泡之扁平率為一定以上,係意味著芯材朝平面方向被延伸時,氣泡容易在該方向變形且意味著氣泡膜不容易破裂。
亦即,本實施形態的樹脂複合體A,係藉由從角隅部Ac的表面起算2.5mm深度為止的氣泡之扁平率為20%以上,容易產生應力集中的該角隅部Ac係被補強且變成不容易產生破損等的問題。
而且,本實施形態的樹脂複合體A,因為該角隅部Ac的厚度係比底面部Aa和側壁部Ab更厚,所以更不容易產生破損等。
又,樹脂複合體A係即便不是在底面部Aa的外周全部區域之角隅部Ac均能夠滿足上述必要條件,只要在一部分滿足上述必要條件,就能夠期待發揮此種效果。
而且,為了使該效果更顯著地發揮上,係以至少在角隅部Ac之中,使曲率半徑最小的高度賦形部滿足上述必要條件為佳。
樹脂複合體A係以在全部的角隅部之中的50%以上為
滿足上述必要條件為佳。
在角隅部Ac之中,在如最小曲率半徑的高度賦形部等之芯材A的厚度為較薄,貫穿芯材至到達從角隅部Ac的表面起算2.5mm深度為止之時,較佳係貫穿該芯材為止的全區域間之氣泡的扁平率為20%以上。
又,在全部的角隅部中,從表面起算至2.5mm深度為止貫穿該芯材至相反面為止之較薄的芯材時,亦以全部的角隅部在深度方向的全區間之氣泡的扁平率設為20%以上較佳。
就發揮樹脂複合體優異的壓縮強度上,高度賦形部B等的氣泡扁平率係以較高者為有利。
又,就使芯材發揮柔軟性且抑制與FRP層的剝離而言,高度賦形部B等的氣泡扁平率係以較高者為有利。
因而,高度賦形部B的前述氣泡扁平率,20%以上係重要的。
又,高度賦形部B的前述氣泡扁平率,係以30%以上為佳,以40%以上為較佳。
另一方面,高度賦形部B的芯材A1之氣泡扁平率太大時,難以使高度賦形部的氣泡對外力柔軟地變形。
因而,高度賦形部B的前述氣泡扁平率,係以95%以下為佳,以90%以下為較佳。
在此,所謂樹脂複合體A的芯材A1之厚度,係能夠如第2圖所顯示之方式求取。
亦即,所謂芯材A1的厚度,係指以從芯材A1的表面
的任意點P1至相反側的表面為止之最短距離到達的方式描繪直線,將前述直線與芯材A1的相反側表面交叉之點設定為P2時,以兩端作為P1、P2之直線L的長度T0。
又,樹脂複合體A的高度賦形部B,係以下述的要領而設定。
如第3圖所顯示,在樹脂複合體A中,係在發泡片1的熱成形前後發泡片之形狀產生變化的部分作為對象,而測定樹脂複合體A的FRP層A2表面之曲率半徑。
FRP層A2表面的曲率半徑,係可以具有求取曲率半徑的曲面之部分作為測定試料,觀察切割該測定試料後的剖面而求取。
又,測定試料的切斷,係以FRP層A2表面的曲率半徑成為最小之方式實施。
而且,使用電子顯微鏡觀察剖面,求取並決定適合於求取曲率半徑之部分的曲線之圓的半徑。
若可準備許多數目相同形狀的樹脂複合體A,例如,能夠對5個樹脂複合體A測定相同部分的曲率半徑,且將該等曲率半徑的算術平均值設作該部分的曲率半徑。
如此方式,而求取在FRP層A2表面之中,具有最小曲率半徑之表面S1。
從該表面S1的兩端S11、S11,涵蓋複合體A厚度範圍的全長描繪對FRP層A2的表面為垂直的假想線N、N,且將與FRP層A2的表面S1為相反側之FRP層A2的表面S2、與假想線N、N的交點,設定為S21、S21。
將兩端設定為S11、S11之表面S1、兩端設為S21、S21之表面S2、及以假想線N、N包圍之部分,設定為高度賦形部B。
所謂高度賦形部B的芯材A1之厚度T2,係指在上述表面S1的中間點之芯材A1的厚度。
在第3圖,樹脂複合體A的層構成係省略。
在樹脂複合體A之芯材A1的氣泡扁平率,係以下述的要領所測得的值。
在與FRP層A2的界面為正交之平面,切斷芯材A1。
以倍率200倍將該截面拍攝放大照相。
在放大照片顯現出的芯材A1的氣泡之中,在從表面起算至2.5mm為止的區域隨意地抽出30個氣泡。
又,在從表面起算至到達2.5mm深度之前,係到達與前述表面為相反側的面之較薄的芯材時,係從到達該相反面為止之全部區域隨意地抽出30個氣泡。
而且,使用厚度較薄的發泡片作為芯材時,例如在高度賦形部等之氣泡數小於30之時,係依據小於此30個的氣泡之全部而求取扁平率。
針對該等30個氣泡,將氣泡輪廓上的任意二點連結之直線之中,最長的直線設定為C1。
其次,將氣泡輪廓上的任意二點連結且對上述直線C1為正交之最長的直線設定為C2,在各氣泡中,係基於下述的式而算出氣泡的扁平率且將各氣泡的扁平率之算術平均值設為氣泡扁平率。
又,樹脂複合體A的切斷,係例如能夠在由MAKITA公司以商品名「LS1213」市售之滑動式切斷機,安裝切斷刀刃(TANITEC製 商品名「雷射光束鋸LBS AURORA260Z」)而進行。
截面的放大照片,係能夠使用由KEYENCE公司以商品名「數位式顯微鏡(digital microscope)VHX-1000」市售之電子顯微鏡。
氣泡的扁平率(%)=100×(直線C2的長度)/(直線C1的長度)
樹脂複合體A的芯材A1,係以在其表層形成有非發泡層為佳。
藉由在芯材A1的表面形成非發泡層,俾芯材A1與FRP層A2牢固地一體化,且能夠使樹脂複合體A發揮優異的機械強度。
就使樹脂複合體發揮輕量性和柔軟性而言,芯材A1的非發泡層之平均厚度係較薄者為有利。
就使樹脂複合體發揮優異的機械強度而言,芯材A1的非發泡層之平均厚度係較厚者為有利。
因此,芯材A1的非發泡層之平均厚度,係以0.005至0.4mm為佳,以0.01至0.3mm為較佳。
又,芯材A1的非發泡層之厚度,係指對芯材A1的非發泡層之表面為正交的方向之厚度。
芯材A1的非發泡層之平均厚度,係指非發泡層的最小厚度與最大厚度之平均值。
芯材A1係以大致其厚度設為1至10mm為
佳,以設為1至5mm為較佳,以設為1至3mm為特佳。
又,其表觀密度係以0.05至1.2g/cm3為佳,以0.08至0.9g/cm3為較佳。
而且,芯材的表觀密度,係指依據JIS K7222「發泡塑膠及橡膠-表觀密度的測定」所測得的值。在樹脂複合體A之芯材A1的表觀密度之測定,係使用將FRP層A2從樹脂複合體A剝離後的芯材而測定。
就使樹脂複合體發揮輕量性和柔軟性而言,芯材A1的表觀密度係以較低者為有利。
就使樹脂複合體發揮優異的機械強度而言,芯材A1的表觀密度係以較高者為有利。
用以形成前述芯材之發泡片,係能夠藉由利用化學發泡劑和物理發泡劑之眾所周知的方法來製造。
前述芯材係能夠將發泡片以眾所周知的方法進行熱成形而製造。
作為化學發泡劑,例如可舉出偶氮二羧醯胺、二亞硝基五亞甲基四胺、亞肼基二羧醯胺、重碳酸鈉等。又,化學發泡劑係可單獨使用亦可併用二種以上。
物理發泡劑例如可舉出丙烷、正丁烷、異丁烷、正戊烷、異戊烷、己烷等的飽和脂肪族烴、二甲醚等的醚類、氯甲烷(methyl chloride)、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷、1,1-二氟乙烷、一氯二氟甲烷等的FLON(chlorofluro carbon;氟氯碳化物)、二氧化碳、氮等,以二甲醚、丙烷、正丁烷、異丁烷、二氧化碳為佳,丙烷、正丁烷、異丁烷為較佳,
以正丁烷、異丁烷為特佳。又,物理發泡劑係可單獨使用亦可併用二種以上。
構成FRP層之纖維強化樹脂材,係含有樹脂及纖維(強化纖維),故在本實施形態係能夠適合使用薄片狀的纖維強化樹脂材(FRP片)。
作為前述強化纖維,可舉出玻璃纖維、碳纖維、碳化矽纖維、氧化鋁纖維、基拉諾纖維(Tyranno fiber)、玄武岩纖維(basalt fibers)、陶瓷纖維等的無機纖維;不鏽鋼纖維、鋼纖維等的金屬纖維;芳醯胺纖維(aramid fiber)、聚乙烯纖維、聚對伸苯基苯并唑(PBO)纖維等的有機纖維;硼纖維等。
強化纖維係可單獨使用一種,亦可併用二種以上。
其中,於FRP層含有之纖維,係以碳纖維、玻璃纖維及芳醯胺纖維的任一者為佳,以碳纖維為較佳。
強化纖維係就被加工成為所需要形狀的纖維基材而言以被使用於FRP層之形成為較佳。
作為纖維基材,可舉出使用強化纖維而成之織物、編物、不織布、及以絲將使強化纖維朝一方向拉齊而成的纖維束(股線)進行纏結(縫合)而成之片材等。
作為織物的編織方法,可舉出平紋組織、斜紋組織、緞紋組織等。
又,作為絲,可舉出聚醯胺樹脂絲和聚酯樹脂絲等的合成樹脂絲及玻璃纖維絲等的針織絲。
片材係可以在一個FRP層使用複數片,亦
可以複數片層積而成的積層片之狀態使用於形成FRP層。
在FRP層之形成所使用的積層片,係可以為只層積一種片材而成者,亦可以為層積複數種片材而成者。
前述FRP層係亦能夠藉由於單一片材和積層片含浸樹脂而成之FRP片來形成。
作為於FRP片含有之樹脂,係可為熱塑性樹脂,亦可為熱硬化性樹脂。
作為於FRP片含有之熱硬化性樹脂,例如可舉出環氧樹脂、不飽和聚酯樹脂、酚樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂、聚胺酯樹脂、聚矽氧樹脂、順丁烯二醯亞胺樹脂、乙烯酯樹脂、氰酸酯樹脂、使順丁烯二醯亞胺樹脂與氰酸酯樹脂預聚合而成的樹脂等。
因為具有優異的耐熱性、衝撃吸收性或耐藥品性,作為於FRP片含有之熱硬化性樹脂,係以環氧樹脂或乙烯酯樹脂的任一者為佳。
在FRP片,亦可含有用以使熱硬化性樹脂硬化之硬化劑或硬化促進劑,亦可含有其他的添加劑。
又,於FRP片含有的熱硬化性樹脂,係可為1種類亦可為2種類以上。
作為於FRP片含有之環氧樹脂,可舉出環氧化合物彼此間的聚合物或共聚物且具有直鏈構造之聚合物;環氧化合物、和能夠與該環氧化合物聚合的單體之共聚物且具有直鏈構造之共聚物。
具體而言,作為環氧樹脂例如可舉出雙酚A型環氧樹
脂、雙酚茀型環氧樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、環狀脂肪族型環氧樹脂、長鏈脂肪族型環氧樹脂、環氧丙基酯型環氧樹脂、環氧丙基胺型環氧樹脂等。
該等之中,作為於FRP片含有之環氧樹脂,係以雙酚A型環氧樹脂、雙酚茀型環氧樹脂等為佳。
又,於FRP片含有之環氧樹脂,係可為1種類亦可為2種類以上。
於FRP片含有之樹脂為熱塑性樹脂時,作為該熱可塑性樹脂,係沒有特別限定。
作為於FRP片含有之熱塑性樹脂,例如可舉出烯烴系樹脂、聚酯系樹脂、醯胺系樹脂、熱塑性聚胺酯樹脂、硫醚系樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂等。
因為與芯材的接著性或構成FRP層之強化纖維彼此間具有優異的接著性,所以於FRP片含有之熱塑性樹脂,係以聚酯系樹脂為佳。
又,於FRP片含有之熱塑性樹脂,係可為1種類亦可為2種類以上。
作為前述熱塑性聚胺酯樹脂,可舉出使二醇與二異氰酸酯聚合而得到之具有直鏈構造的聚合物。
作為該二醇,例如可舉出乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇等。
構成熱塑性聚胺酯樹脂之二醇,係可為1種類亦可為2種類以上。
作為二異氰酸酯,例如可舉出芳香族二異氰酸酯、脂肪族二異氰酸酯、脂環式二異氰酸酯。
構成熱塑性聚胺酯樹脂之二異氰酸酯,係可為1種類亦可為2種類以上。
又,於FRP片含有之熱塑性聚胺酯樹脂,係可為1種類亦可為2種類以上。
在FRP層中之樹脂,較多係能夠使強化纖維彼此之間的結著性和FRP層A2與芯材A1的接著性成為良好者。
另一方面,FRP層係樹脂的量為較少且纖維的含有率為較高時,就使其發揮優異的機械強度而言,乃有利的。
因而,在FRP層中之樹脂的含量,係以20至70質量%為佳,以30至60質量%為更佳。
FRP層的厚度,係以0.02至2mm為佳,以0.05至1mm為更佳。
厚度為上述範圍內之FRP層,係雖然為輕量,但是具有優異的機械的物性。
FRP層的單位面積重量,係以50至4000g/m2為佳,以100至1000g/m2為較佳。
單位面積重量為上述範圍內之FRP層,係雖然為輕量,但是具有優異的機械的物性。
其次,說明樹脂複合體A的製造方法之一個例子。
以下,雖例示使用壓製成形作為熱成形法時,但是作
為樹脂複合體A的製造方法,係不限定於使用壓製成形法之情形。
如在第5圖至7圖所顯示,纖維強化複合體A係例如能夠實施以下的步驟而製造:第1步驟,其係在發泡片1的至少一面層積薄片狀的纖維強化樹脂材2(FRP片2)而製造預備成形體M;及第2步驟,其係以成形模具將形成加熱狀態的前述預備成形體加壓,以使前述芯材與前述纖維強化樹脂材熱接著。
本實施形態的維強化複合體A,係能夠在該第2步驟使僅是板狀之二維的發泡片1形成具有三維形狀的狀態。
又,在本實施形態,在該第2步驟係能夠製造具備具有角隅部的芯材之樹脂複合體,其中該角隅部係被纖維強化樹脂材被覆之表面以小於180度的內角相鄰而成。
在前述第1步驟,在發泡片1的至少一面層積FRP片2時,從提升後續步驟之預備成形體的操作性之觀點而言,以於發泡片1暫時接著纖維強化樹脂材2為佳。
發泡片1與FRP片2之暫時接著,係可藉由含浸於FRP片2之樹脂而進行,亦可使用另外準備之眾所周知的接著劑。
又,發泡片1與FRP片2之暫時接著,係在後續步驟之熱成形時,FRP片2能夠在發泡片1上自由移動之方式進行為佳。
就防止在預備成形體的操作時,發泡片1與FRP片2意外地分離而言,發泡片1與FRP片2的暫時
接著力係較高者為有利的。
另一方面,在第2步驟中,就外觀良好且得到具有優異的強度之樹脂複合體而言,發泡片1與FRP片2的接著被解除而發泡片1與FRP片2相對移動者為有利的。
因此,暫時接著力係以1至300N/cm2為佳,以1至100N/cm2為較佳。
又,發泡片1與FRP片2的暫時接著力,係指依據JIS K6850(1999年),以從預備成形體切取者作為試片,以試驗速度10mm/分鐘測定而得到的剪切拉伸力。
而且,發泡片1與FRP片2的暫時接著力,係能夠使用小型桌上型試驗機(日本電產SIMPO公司製 商品名「FGS1000TV/1000N+FGP-100」)而測定。
在製造預備成形體M時,為了在成形後容易將樹脂複合體從形模具取出易,亦可在纖維強化樹脂材2之上層積由合成樹脂薄膜所構成之離型薄膜3。
作為構成離型薄膜之合成樹脂,只要對於FRP片2及成形模具具有剝離性,就沒有特別限定,例如可舉出四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物(四氟化乙烯-乙烯共聚物)等的氟系樹脂、聚苯乙烯系樹脂、聚酯系樹脂等。
在前述第1步驟中,例如,準備帶狀的發泡片、及寬度比該發泡片更狹窄的2片帶狀FRP片,將該FRP片層積在發泡片的兩面而能夠製造發泡片在寬度方向兩端部比FRP片更往外側延伸出去的狀態之預備成形體M。
此時,前述第2步驟,較佳是在將構成預備成形體M
之發泡片1的寬度方向兩端部把持,另一方面不把持FRP片2的至少一端部之狀態下實施。
亦即如第6圖所示,前述第2步驟較佳是在FRP片2的兩端部均未被把持的狀態下實施。
如此,藉由不把持纖維強化樹脂材2的至少一端部,在預備成形體M的壓製成形時,FRP片2在發泡片1上係成為能夠移動的狀態。
亦即,藉由不把持纖維強化樹脂材2的至少一端部,在以公母模具41、42使預備成形體成形時,能夠使FRP片2及發泡片1各自獨立地進行變形舉動。
因此,在FRP片2的至少一端部未被把持的狀態下實施第2步驟而能夠順利地進行該步驟。
發泡片1的把持係能夠使用夾具5等眾所周知的機器。
又,把持發泡片1之位置係沒有特別限定,例如可舉出發泡片1相向的外周邊部、發泡片的四方外周邊部等。
在前述第2步驟中,如上述方式而將發泡片1被把持之預備成形體M在加熱狀態下進行加壓,使發泡片1與纖維強化樹脂材2熱接著,製造芯材A1與FRP層A2層積一體化而成之樹脂複合體A。
此時,加熱預備成形體M,且使被含浸在纖維強化樹脂材2中的樹脂軟化。
該纖維強化樹脂材2含有未硬化的熱硬化性樹脂時,係以使未硬化的熱硬化性樹脂軟化而成為具有流動性的狀
態為佳。
熱硬化性樹脂通常係被加熱時在熱硬化之前成為具有流動性之狀態。
因此,在第2步驟,至熱成形完成為止,係以維持熱硬化性樹脂具有流動性的狀態下進行溫度控制為佳。
又,纖維強化樹脂材2含有熱可塑性樹脂時,第2步驟係以熱塑性樹脂成為具有流動性的狀態之方式進行溫度控制而實施為佳。
而且,預備成形體M的加熱手段,係只要使用紅外線加熱器等眾所周知的加熱裝置即可。
在實施前述第2步驟時,較佳是藉由加熱預備積層體M而使發泡片1亦軟化,並形成為使預備積層體M藉由壓製成形而能夠容易地成形之狀態。
前述第2步驟係如在第5圖及第6圖所示,能夠藉由將加熱狀態的預備積層體M配設於公母模具41、42之間,且將公母模具41、42鎖模來實施。
又,模具係在閉合雌型41及雄型42時,在該等之間形成模穴43,且以在該模穴43內配設有預備積層體M的狀態之方式形成。
又,上述係說明加熱預備積層體M之後,配設在公母模具41、42之間之情形,但是亦可以將預備積層體M配設在公母模具41、42之間之後,加熱預備積層體M。
前述模具係在用以形成前述角隅部Ac之部
位,以具備比預備積層體M的容積更廣闊的容積之模穴為佳。
藉此,在閉模時,在公母模具41、42的熱成形面41a、42a與預備積層體M之間,係形成剩餘空間44(以下亦稱為「發泡空間部44」)。
然後,藉由在前述第2步驟使用至少在成為前述角隅部Ac的部位含有發泡劑之發泡片1,,在該第2步驟,能夠使發泡片1至少僅該發泡空間部44的容積份進行2次發泡。
藉此,前述芯材A2係成為角隅部Ac的氣泡為較大且帶圓形之狀態,而且從該角隅部的表面起算至2.5mm深度為止的氣泡之扁平率為20%以上。
預備成形體M係在壓製成形時,發泡片1在成為芯材的角隅部Ac之部位容易朝平面方向被延伸且容易使發泡片的厚度減少。
但是,在本實施形態中,發泡片含有發泡劑,且能夠使發泡片產生2次發泡。
而且,藉由該2次發泡,能夠使在角隅部Ac之厚度比在底面部Aa或側壁部Ab之厚度更厚。
如此,就容易對各部位賦予預定厚度而言,第2步驟係以使用在其間形成預定形狀的模穴之公母模具41、42而實施為佳。
而且,在將公母模具41、42閉模的狀態下,藉由使發泡片1進行2次發泡而能夠將該發泡片1的發泡
力利用來作為在與纖維強化樹脂材2之間產生之壓力。
亦即,藉由使用形成預定形狀的模穴之公母模具41、42、且使用含有發泡劑的發泡片而實施第2步驟,芯材A1與FRP層A2係具有優異的密著性,而且能夠發揮易得到忠實地反映模具的成形面形狀之樹脂複合體的效果。
如上述,在本實施形態中,藉由在將公母模具41、42閉模的狀態下使發泡片1進行2次發泡,儘管在壓製成形時發泡片1被延伸,但是能夠防止發泡片1的氣泡在芯材的角隅部之部位變成過度扁平,且能夠使該氣泡儘可能地成為接近真球的形態。
芯材之氣泡越接近真球,對於施加在氣泡之壓縮力顯示越強的抵抗力。
而且,芯材之氣泡越成為接近真球的形態,能夠越提生對外力之變形的自由度。
因此,本實施形態的樹脂複合體,係對於來自外部的變形力具有優異的追隨性。
在前述第2步驟之壓製成形時,發泡片的2次發泡係可使在150℃加熱1分鐘之發泡片的厚度膨脹率(以下,有時簡稱為「膨脹率」)設為標準。
發泡片的膨脹率較高者,能夠防止芯材厚度變成不足且能夠對樹脂複合體得到優異的強度。
因此,發泡片的膨脹率係以設為0.5%以上為佳,以3%以上為較佳,以5%以上為更佳,以8%以上為特佳,以10%以上為最佳。
發泡片的膨脹率較低者,對壓製機的負荷變小。
因此,發泡片的膨脹率係以150%以下為佳,以100%以下為較佳,以35%以下為特佳。
又,發泡片的膨脹率,係能夠以下述的要領測定。
從發泡片切取一邊為15cm的平面正方形狀之試片。
在任意9處測定試片的厚度且將其算術平均值設為加熱前厚度t1。
其次,將試片以其表面溫度成為150℃的方式加熱1分鐘之後,在25℃的大氣中繼續放置60分鐘。
如此之後,在任意9處測定試片的厚度且將其算術平均值設為加熱後厚度t2。
依據加熱前厚度t1及加熱後厚度t2而依照下述式算出發泡片的膨脹率。
發泡片加熱150℃×1分鐘之膨脹率(%)=100×(t2-t1)/t1
發泡片的膨脹率,係在發泡片所含有的發泡劑量或發泡片含有結晶性樹脂時,能夠藉由調整其結晶化度而控制。
亦即,藉由增多在發泡片所含有的發泡劑量,能夠提高發泡片的膨脹率。
又,藉由形成在發泡片所含有的結晶化樹脂的結晶化度較低的狀態,能夠提高發泡片的加熱厚度膨脹率。
而且,以下述的要領測定發泡片中之發泡劑量。
首先,測定發泡片全體的質量(W1)。
其次,測定在發泡片中之發泡劑量(W2)。
又,發泡片中的發泡劑量,能夠使用氣體層析儀而測定,例如,使用下述裝置而在下述條件下測定在發泡片中之發泡劑量。
從發泡片所採取的試料10至30mg添加至20mL管形瓶且精稱,並且將管形瓶密閉且安裝在附有自動進樣器的氣體層析儀,將管形瓶繼續在210℃加熱20分鐘之後,使用MHE(多次頂空提取法;Multiple Headspace Extraction)法將管形瓶的上部空間之氣體進行定量分析且測定發泡片中的發泡劑量(W2)。
在此所謂MHE法,係指利用以重複在於氣固平衡的氣相氣體排放所得到之尖峰面積衰減之定量方法。
測定裝置:氣體層析儀Clarus500(Perkin-Elmer公司製)
管柱:DB-1(1.0μm×0.25mmΦ×60m:J&W公司製)
檢測器:FID
GC烘箱升溫條件:初期溫度50℃(6分鐘)
升溫速度:40℃/分鐘(250℃為止)
最後溫度:250℃(1.5分鐘)
載體-氣體(He),注入口溫度:230℃、檢測溫度:310℃
範圍:20
排氣30mL/分鐘(He)、追加氣體5mL/分鐘(He)
氣體壓力:初期壓力18psi(10分鐘)、升壓速度:0.5psi/min(24psi為止)
測定裝置:HS AUTOSMAPLER TurboMatrix HS40(Perkin-Elmer公司製)
加熱溫度:210℃、加熱時間:20分鐘,加壓氣體壓:25psi,加壓時間:1分鐘
針溫度:210℃、傳輸管路溫度:210℃、試料導入時間:0.08分鐘
校正曲線用標準氣體:混合氣體(GL Sciences公司製)
混合氣體含量:異丁烷 約1質量%,正丁烷 約1質量%,剩餘部分 氮
算出方法:使用MHE法算出試料的發泡劑含量。
結果係全部設為異丁烷換算量。
在發泡片中之發泡劑量,係能夠依據下述式而算出。
在發泡片中之發泡劑量(質量%)=100×W2/W1
發泡片的結晶化度,係以15%以下為佳,以10%以下為較佳。
發泡片的結晶化度,係能夠藉由調整剛發泡後的發泡片之冷卻速度來控制。
例如,將剛擠製發泡後的發泡片之冷卻速度越加快,越能夠使所得到的發泡片之結晶化度降低。
又,發泡片的結晶化度,係能夠以JIS K7122:1987「塑膠的轉移熱測定方法」所記載之方法測定。
具體而言,發泡片的結晶化度係能夠使用差示掃描熱量計裝置(SII Nano Technology公司製 商品名「DSC6220型」)而以如下之方式測定。
將從發泡片切取的長方體形狀試料,以在鋁製的測定容器之底部沒有間隙之方式填充約6mg,而將試料在氮氣流量30mL/分鐘的條件下於30℃繼續保持2分鐘。
如此之後,得到將試料以速度10℃/分鐘從30℃升溫至290℃為止時之DSC曲線。此時的基準物質係使用氧化鋁。
發泡片為熱塑性聚酯樹脂製時,該發泡片的結晶化度,係能夠從熔解尖峰的面積所求取的熔解熱量(mJ/mg)、與從結晶化尖峰的面積所求取的結晶化熱量(mJ/mg)之差異除以聚酯樹脂完全結晶之理論熔解熱量△H0而求取。
例如,聚對酞酸乙二酯的△H0為140.1mJ/mg。
發泡片的結晶化度係依據下述式而算出。
發泡片的結晶化度(%)=100×(|熔解熱量(mJ/mg)|-|結晶化熱量(mJ/mg)|)/△H0(mJ/mg)
發泡片1的厚度為較薄者,容易熱成形。
另一方面,就得到具有優異的壓縮強度等的機械強度之樹脂複合體而言,發泡片1的厚度為較厚者係有利的。
因此,發泡片1的厚度,以1至10mm為佳,以1至5mm為較佳,以1至3mm為特佳。
又,在發泡片1的表面形成有非發泡層時,使發泡片1在公母模具41、42之間所形成的模穴43內進行2次發泡時,相較於發泡片1在面方向產生尺寸變化,能夠使發泡片1更容易地在厚度方向產生尺寸變化。
因而,就發泡片1的氣泡為儘可能地成為接近真球的形態,且得到具有優異的壓縮強度等的機械強度及對於來自外部的變形力之追隨性之樹脂複合體而言,係以採用具有非發泡層之發泡片1為佳。
前述第2步驟後,例如發泡片1含有結晶性樹脂時,亦可使結晶性樹脂的結晶化度上升,而使所得到的樹脂複合體之耐熱性及機械強度進一步提升。
又,第2步驟後,FRP層成為含有未硬化的熱硬化性樹脂之狀態時,亦可以使該未硬化樹脂進一步硬化。
用以使在FRP層所含有之未硬化的熱硬化性樹脂硬化之加熱溫度,可為與壓製成形時的預備成形體M的加熱溫度相同,亦可使其變化,為了促進熱硬化性樹脂的硬化,以成為比壓製成形時更高的溫度為佳。
樹脂複合體A係按照需要而在冷卻之後,在開啟公母模具41、42而取出之後,能夠藉由修剪而將多餘的部分剪掉,成為最後製品的形狀(參照第8圖)。
如此做法所得到的樹脂複合體A,熱塑性樹脂或硬化後的熱硬化性樹脂被牢固地黏結在強化纖維彼此間而成之FRP層A2,被層積一體化在芯材A1的表面,具
有優異的機械強度之同時,在一部分具有發泡體,所以亦具有優異的輕量性及衝撃吸收性。
而且,所得到的樹脂複合體A之芯材A1,即使在被賦形的部分亦具有充分的厚度,同時芯材A1的氣泡亦不過度地扁平。
因而,該芯材A1係顯示優異的壓縮強度及變形自由度,且能夠使樹脂複合體發揮優異的壓縮強度及對外力之緩衝性。
如此方式所得到的樹脂複合體,因為壓縮強度等的機械強度及輕量性優異,所以能夠使用在汽車、飛機、鐵路車輛或船舶等的輸送機器領域、家電領域、資訊終端設備領域、家具的領域等廣泛的用途。
例如,樹脂複合體係能夠適合使用作為包含輸送機器的零件、及構成輸送機器的本體之構造組件之輸送機器構成用組件(特別是汽車用組件(天花板、地板、門板等))、頭盔用緩衝材、農產品箱、保溫保冷容器等的輸送容器、零件梱包材。
又,在上述,係主要以芯材為發泡片時作為例子而說明有關樹脂複合體,在本實施形態中,係舉出複數個熱塑性樹脂發泡粒子彼此之間藉由模內成形而被熱熔接且賦形而成之樹脂發泡體(珠粒發泡成形體)等亦作為較佳的前述芯材。
一邊參照使用第9圖至第11圖一邊說明由珠粒發泡成形體所構成的芯材之樹脂複合體的一個例子。
該樹脂複合體A係以覆蓋芯材A1的全面之形式具備FRP層A2。
該樹脂複合體A係如第9圖所顯示,在俯視(上面視)之輪廓形狀成為大致縱長的矩形。
更具體地,在第9圖正面視左側之輪廓形狀成為直線性,另一方面,在正面視右側之輪廓形狀係具有朝向外側(右側)稍微膨脹的形狀,且全體的輪廓形狀係成為羅馬字母大寫字體的“D”字狀。
該樹脂複合體A係使在俯視的外緣部以外凹入,如第11圖所顯示,具備:底面部110,其係構成凹部100的底面;及側壁部120,其係構成從前述底面的外緣立起之側面,且全體形狀成為盤狀。
該底面部110係如顯示樹脂複合體A的底面情形之第10圖所示,在與前述凹部100的凹入方向為相反方向形成有凹入的第2凹部140而形成薄壁部150。
在本實施形態中,FRP層A2成為大略均勻厚度,相較於樹脂複合體A,芯材A1係具有FRP層A2的厚度程度較小的形狀。
亦即,本實施形態之芯材A1,亦與在第1實施形態之樹脂複合體A時同樣地,具有底面部Aa、側壁部Ab、及角隅部Ac。
又,對於用以形成芯材和FRP層的材質等,因為係與
第1實施形態的樹脂複合體共通,所以在此係不重複而進行說明。
而且,在由珠粒發泡成形體所構成的芯材A1之底面部Aa與側壁部Ab之間的角隅部Ac,以具有預定氣泡狀態,而使樹脂複合體能夠發揮優異的強度而言,係與芯材為發泡片時相同。
又,芯材A1為此種樹脂發泡體時,就在角隅部Ac之芯材的厚度比鄰接的底面部Aa和側壁部Ab形成更厚為較佳之點,亦與芯材為發泡片時同樣。
而且,在該第2實施形態之樹脂複合體,係例如能夠實施製造成為芯材之珠粒發泡成形體,在該珠粒發泡成形體的表面層積纖維強化樹脂片而形成預備成形體之第1步驟之後;藉由實施使用具備與該預備成形體同等以下的容積的模穴之模具而實施第2步驟來製造。
而且,在該情況,亦藉由使用在成為角隅部Ac的部位形成發泡空間部44之模具,可使在芯材的角隅部Ac之氣泡形成帶圓形的狀態。
亦即,即使在第2實施形態中,亦能夠得到與第1實施形態同樣地具有優異強度之樹脂複合體。
又,該第2實施形態的樹脂複合體亦是與第1實施形態的樹脂複合體同樣地,能夠適合被利用作為汽車用組件等的輸送機器構成用組件,但其用途係未特別被限定。
而且,雖然在此未進行更詳細的說明,本
發明的樹脂複合體係不被上述例示限定,亦能夠適當地採用關於樹脂複合體之先前眾所周知的技術事項。
以下,揭示實施例而更詳細地說明本發明,但是本發明係不被該等例示限定。
將含有下述(1a)至(1c)的熱塑性聚酯系樹脂組成物供給至口徑為65mmL/D比為35之單軸擠製機且以290℃進行熔融混煉。
(1a)聚對酞酸乙二酯(PET、三井化學公司製 商品名「SA135」、玻璃轉移溫度Tg:79℃、熔點:247.1℃、IV值:0.86)100質量份
(1b)滑石0.72質量份
(1c)焦蜜石酸酐0.2質量份
其次,從單軸擠製機之中途,將混合丁烷(異丁烷35質量%/正丁烷65質量%)以相對於聚對酞酸乙二酯100質量份成為1.1質量份之方式壓入熔融狀態的熱塑性聚酯系樹脂組成物中,使其均勻地分散在熱塑性聚酯系樹脂組成物中。
如此之後,在單軸擠製機的前端部,將熔融狀態的熱塑性聚酯系樹脂組成物冷卻至220℃之後,使其從在單軸擠製機的前端所安裝的圓塑模擠製發泡成為圓筒狀而製成圓筒狀的發泡體。
將該圓筒狀的發泡體慢慢地擴徑之後,供給至冷卻心
軸且將該發泡體以其表面溫度成為25℃的方式進行冷卻。
隨後,藉由將圓筒狀的發泡體在其擠製方向連續地切斷並展開,以製成聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片。
聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片係製造後緊接著在室溫25℃繼續48小時使其熟化。
將聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片切取成為一邊350mm的平面正方形狀。
又,在聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片的兩面係形成有非發泡層。
將聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片的發泡倍率、全體厚度、非發泡層的平均厚度及加熱厚度膨脹率、結晶化度及殘留氣體量(發泡劑含量)顯示在表1。
其次,準備2片含有由碳纖維所構成的綾織織物所形成之強化纖維基材及樹脂之纖維強化樹脂片(三菱Rayon公司製 商品名「PYROFIL Prepreg TR3523-395 GMP」、單位面積重量:200g/m2、厚度:0.23mm)。
纖維強化樹脂片係一邊為250mm的平面正方形狀。
於纖維強化樹脂片係含有40質量%之未硬化的環氧樹脂(玻璃轉移溫度:121℃)作為熱硬化性樹脂。
FRP層的形成係使用將2片纖維強化樹脂片以該等的經絲長度方向互相構成90°的角度之方式疊合而成之積層片。
前述積層片係藉由環氧樹脂而使2片纖維強化樹脂片一體化的形式來製成。
以與上述相同的要領,製成另外一片的積層片。
將積層片(纖維強化樹脂材2)層積在上述350mm四方的聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片1的一面中央部。
使用壓黏面溫度為18±3℃的壓黏用器具(石崎電機製作所公司製商品名「SHARE SHOT IRON SI-39S」、質量860g),以只有該壓黏用器具的重量將積層片壓黏(1.4±2gf/cm2)在聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片1的一面側。
其次,將離型薄膜3(KURABO公司製 商品名「OIDIS」、特殊聚苯乙烯系樹脂薄膜、厚度50μm)層積在纖維強化樹脂材2上。
更且,以與上述同樣的要領,將纖維強化樹脂材2與離型薄膜3層積在聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片1的另外一面而製成預備成形體M。
將聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片與纖維強化樹脂材的暫時接著力顯示在表1。
其次,將預備成形體M的聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片1,使用夾具把持其相對的二邊之緣部,另一方面,纖維強化樹脂材2係完全不把持。
如此之後,將預備成形體M在150℃繼續加熱5秒鐘,而使被含浸在纖維強化樹脂材2之未硬化的環氧樹脂軟化而成為具有流動性之狀態。
在該狀態,係使聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片1與纖維強化樹脂材2的暫時接著完全地解除,且使纖維強化樹脂材2成為可在聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片1上自由地移動之狀態。
接著,如第5圖及第6圖所顯示,將上述預備成形體M配設在公母模具41、42之間,藉由將公母模具41、42閉模而進行壓製成形,在將預備成形體M的發泡片1成形為所希望的形狀之同時,使纖維強化樹脂材2、2在聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片1上一邊滑動一邊成形為所希望的形狀。
壓製成形時,預備成形體M係以成為140℃的方式保持,且在纖維強化樹脂材2所含有的環氧樹脂未硬化以保持流動性之方式控制。
剛將公母模具41、42閉模後,在公母模具41、42之間所形成的模穴43內所配設的預備成形體M的全部賦形對象部分M1(形成角隅部Ac之部位)、與對向於該等賦形對象部分M1之公母模具41、42的熱成形面41a、41b之間,係形成有發泡片1能夠二次發泡的發泡空間部44。
壓製成形時,在使上述預備成形體M的聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片1二次發泡而一邊填補發泡空間部44一邊使預備成形體M沿著公母模具41、42的熱成形面41a、42a賦形之同時,使構成發泡片之聚對酞酸乙二酯的結晶化度上升。
其次,將預備成形體M加熱至145℃且保持5分鐘,而使在纖維強化樹脂材2、2所含有之未硬化的環氧樹脂硬化。
然後,以硬化後的環氧樹脂使纖維強化樹脂材2的強
化纖維彼此之間黏結而形成FRP層A2,且藉由環氧樹脂使該FRP層A2接著在聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片1的兩面。
如此之後,將樹脂複合體A冷卻至30℃以下,將公母模具41、42開啟而取出樹脂複合體A,得到樹脂複合體A。
又,切除聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片及FRP層的一部分為不需要部分。
所得到的樹脂複合體A係藉由硬化後的熱硬化性樹脂而將強化纖維彼此之間黏結,且沿著公母模具41、42而成形為所希望的形狀之FRP層A2,其係在沿著聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片1的兩面而全面性密著的狀態下被層積一體化。
而且,FRP層係以厚度0.46mm計之單位面積重量為400g/m2。
又,樹脂複合體A的剖面,係成為如第1b圖所顯示的狀態。
樹脂複合體A係具有:平面長方形狀的底面部;及側壁部,其從該底面部的四方外周邊朝向外側傾斜上方而延伸設置之平面四角框狀。
樹脂複合體A的側壁部上端,係形成縱220mm×橫120mm的平面長方形狀,從樹脂複合體A之內底面起算至側壁部的上端為止之高度為18mm。
準備含有丙烯酸系樹脂且在兩面全面具有非發泡層之
發泡片(發泡倍率10倍、積水化成品工業公司製 製品名「FOAMAC #1000 GRADE」、成為發泡劑的尿素量:6.3質量%)作為發泡片。
從發泡片的兩面將非發泡層切斷且除去,而得到於兩面全面露出氣泡剖面之發泡片。
除了使用使該氣泡剖面露出之發泡片代替聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片以外,其餘係與實施例1同樣之方式而得到樹脂複合體A。
以單軸擠製機熔融混煉下述(2a)、(2b)。
(2a)苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(PS Japan公司製 商品名「MM290」、苯乙烯成分的含量:84質量%、甲基丙烯酸成分的含量:11質量%、甲基丙烯酸甲酯成分的含量:5質量%、玻璃轉移溫度:130℃)100質量份
(2b)於苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(PS Japan公司製 商品名「MM290」)中含有滑石而成之母料(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物含量:60質量%、滑石含量:40質量%)
在前述單軸擠製機,相對於苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物100質量份,壓入1.9質量份的丁烷而製造聚苯乙烯系樹脂發泡片。
除了使用該聚苯乙烯系樹脂發泡片代替聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片以外,其餘係與實施例1同樣之方式而得到樹脂
複合體A。
除了剛製造聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片後,使其在室溫25℃繼續熟化8個月以外,其餘係與實施例1同樣之方式而得到樹脂複合體。
除了不將發泡片的非發泡層除去以外,其餘係與實施例2同樣之方式而得到樹脂複合體。
除了剛製造聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片後,使其在室溫18℃繼續熟化6小時以外,其餘係與實施例1同樣之方式而得到樹脂複合體。
除了使用含有丙烯酸系樹脂且在兩面全面具有非發泡層之發泡片(發泡倍率10倍、積水化成品工業公司製 製品名「FOAMAC #1000 GRADE」、成為發泡劑的尿素量:8.0質量%)作為發泡片以外,其於係與實施例2同樣之方式而得到樹脂複合體。
除了剛製造聚苯乙烯系樹脂發泡片後,使其在室溫18℃繼續熟化6小時以外,其餘係與實施例3同樣之方式而得到樹脂複合體。
除了剛製造聚對酞酸乙二酯發泡片後,使其在室溫40℃繼續熟化3個月以外,其餘係與實施例1同樣之方式而得到樹脂複合體。
除了使用含有丙烯酸系樹脂且在兩面全面具有非發泡層之發泡片(發泡倍率15倍、積水化成品工業公司製 製品名「FOAMAC #1500 GRADE」)作為發泡片以外,其於係與實施例2同樣之方式而得到樹脂複合體。
除了將圓筒狀體供給至冷卻心軸而以表面溫度成為65℃的方式冷卻,及在壓製成形時將積層體M以成為130℃的方式加熱、保持以外,其餘係與實施例1同樣之方式而得到樹脂複合體。
以上述或下述的要領,測定在所得到的樹脂複合體,最薄的部分之厚度T1、高度賦形部的厚度T2、在芯材的角隅部之氣泡扁平率、高度賦形部的表面之曲率半徑、單位重量壓縮強度、非發泡層的平均厚度、芯材的
表觀密度、芯材的結晶化度、以及從內底面起算至壁部的上端為止之高度(在表1係僅記載為「高度」),將其結果顯示在表1。
將樹脂複合體使其開口部(壁部的上端緣)朝向下方的狀態而載置在水平的載置面上。
將底部的中央部朝向下方而推壓至樹脂複合體的內底面之中央部與載置面之間的間隔成為8mm為止,測定在該狀態之壓縮強度。
將所得到的壓縮強度除以樹脂複合體的質量而算出單位重量壓縮強度。
合計準備10個樹脂複合體,對於各樹脂複合體以上述的要領算出單位重量壓縮強度,且採用該等單位重量壓縮強度的算術平均值。
單位重量壓縮強度係以500kPa/g以上為佳,以600kPa/g以上為較佳。
從上述結果,依照本發明,可知能夠得到強度優異之樹脂複合體。
A‧‧‧樹脂複合體
Claims (3)
- 一種樹脂複合體,係具備:由樹脂發泡體所構成之芯材;及含有樹脂及纖維之纖維強化樹脂材;其中,前述芯材的表面以前述纖維強化樹脂材被覆;在前述芯材係具備角隅部,前述表面之中的一部位與其他部位係透過該角隅部以小於180度的內角相鄰,前述芯材係使發泡片熱成形而成者,且具備藉由該熱成形所形成之前述角隅部,在該角隅部之厚度係比透過該角隅部而相鄰的部位更厚,從該角隅部的表面起算至2.5mm深度為止的氣泡之扁平率為20%以上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之樹脂複合體,其中前述發泡片係在表層具備非發泡層。
- 一種樹脂複合體的製造方法,係用以製造樹脂複合體之樹脂複合體的製造方法,該樹脂複合體係具備:由樹脂發泡體所構成之芯材;及含有樹脂及纖維之纖維強化樹脂材;前述芯材的表面以前述纖維強化樹脂材被覆;其中,所製造的樹脂複合體的芯材係具備角隅部,於該芯材係具備被纖維強化樹脂材被覆的表面之中的一部位以小於180度的內角與其他部位相鄰而成的角隅部; 該製造方法係實施:第1步驟,其係在芯材的表面層積纖維強化樹脂材而製造預備成形體;及第2步驟,其係使用成形模具將已設成加熱狀態的前述預備成形體加壓而使芯材與纖維強化樹脂材熱接著;在前述第2步驟使用至少在成為前述角隅部的部位含有發泡劑之芯材,且在該第2步驟係使在芯材的前述部位之氣泡大小增大,而製造具備從前述角隅部的表面起算至2.5mm深度為止的氣泡之扁平率為20%以上之芯材,且前述芯材係使發泡片熱成形而成者,且具備藉由該熱成形所形成之前述角隅部,在該角隅部之厚度係比透過該角隅部而相鄰的部位更厚。
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