TWI547469B - 新穎的氰酸酯化合物及其製造方法、以及含該化合物之硬化性樹脂組成物及其硬化物 - Google Patents
新穎的氰酸酯化合物及其製造方法、以及含該化合物之硬化性樹脂組成物及其硬化物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI547469B TWI547469B TW101128595A TW101128595A TWI547469B TW I547469 B TWI547469 B TW I547469B TW 101128595 A TW101128595 A TW 101128595A TW 101128595 A TW101128595 A TW 101128595A TW I547469 B TWI547469 B TW I547469B
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- cyanate
- resin composition
- phenol
- curable resin
- Prior art date
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- XAEWLETZEZXLHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O XAEWLETZEZXLHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本發明係關於新穎的氰酸酯化合物及其製造方法、以及含該化合物之硬化性樹脂組成物及其硬化物。
氰酸酯化合物,由於硬化而產生三氮雜苯環,因為其高耐熱性以及優異的電特性,以往做為結構用複合材料、黏著劑、電用絕緣材料、電力電子零件等、各種的機能性高分子材料之原料而廣為使用。然而,近年於此等之應用領域伴隨需求性能的提高,做為機能性高分子材料尋求之各物性變得越來越嚴格。就涉及的物性而言,例如可舉出阻燃性、耐熱性、低介電係數、低介電正切(dielectric loss tangent)、耐候性、耐藥品性、低吸水性、高破壞韌性等。然而,迄今為止,該等之需求物性不一定可被滿足。
例如,在印刷電路板材料的領域,隨著通訊頻率或時鐘頻率的高頻化,正朝向尋求更低的介電係數及介電正切。為此,近年,介電特性優異的氰酸酯樹脂正逐漸廣為使用。
又,從對火災安全性的確保之立場而言,為了賦予阻燃性,使用了具有高阻燃性的溴化合物。做為這樣的溴化合物,例如已知有溴化雙酚A(參照專利文獻1)、溴化酚系酚醛之環氧丙基醚(參照專利文獻2)、溴化馬來亞醯胺類(參照專利文獻3)、含有溴之單官能氰酸酯化合物(參照專利文獻4)、不具有與氰酸酯化合物反應性的添加型之溴化合物(參照專利文獻5)等。
然而,雖然該等之溴化合物具有高阻燃性,但是由於熱分解不僅可能形成腐蝕性的溴或溴化氫,在氧存在下而分解的情況有
可能形成與近年的戴奧辛問題相關之毒性強的溴化合物之虞。為此,正尋求不含該等之溴系阻燃劑的材料。
於是,做為替代溴的阻燃劑,探討了含磷化合物或含氮或者硫化合物。例如,做為常摻合於環氧樹脂之含磷化合物,已知有磷酸三苯酯或間苯二酚雙(磷酸二苯酯)等。
然而,若將該等之含磷化合物大量摻合於樹脂組成物中,降低樹脂組成物的耐熱性、耐濕性、吸水性等的情況為多。為了將此改良,雖然也探討了將具有酚性羥基之含磷化合物與二價之氰酸酯化合物併用(例如參照專利文獻6、專利文獻7、專利文獻8),但含磷化合物的使用,與上述溴化合物同樣顧慮到毒性的問題。而且,含磷化合物在掩埋處理困難的情況為多,也顧慮在燃燒時膦氣體的產生。又,做為含氮化合物,雖然已知有三聚氰胺或胍等,但單獨使用則阻燃性不足。
另一方面,做為賦予樹脂組成物阻燃性的其他成分,已知有氫氧化鋁或氫氧化鎂等之金屬氫氧化物。然而,金屬氫氧化物的摻合,會有招致樹脂組成物的介電特性、耐熱性、耐衝撃性、成形性的降低之虞。又,也有人嘗試例如像使用於環氧樹脂,亦藉由大量使用球狀熔融二氧化矽等的無機填充物減少可燃成分並藉此嘗試確保阻燃性。然而,無機填充物的高摻合,有由於使樹脂組成物的熔融黏度上昇、成形性的降低或與基材之可濕性降低導致黏著力的降低,甚至是介電特性惡化等的顧慮。又,亦有人嘗試將三氧化銻等的銻系阻燃劑與溴化環氧樹脂併用。然而,由於一般而言銻系阻燃劑係為有害物質,有慢性毒性的顧慮。
從如以上的立場而言,需更為提升摻合於樹脂組成物之機能性高分子材料本身的阻燃性。
又為了與阻燃性同時改善耐熱性、低介電係數、低介電正切、耐候性、耐藥品性、低吸水性、高破壞韌性、成形性、黏著性等,
迄今已進行了許多的嘗試。例如,已知藉由將單官能氰酸酯化合物與2官能氰酸酯化合物組合,製作熱安定性優異的硬化物之方法(參照專利文獻9)、藉由將單官能氰酸酯化合物與多官能氰酸酯化合物組合,謀求低介電係數化及低介電正切化之方法(參照專利文獻10)。
又,已知藉由添加含有鹵素之單官能氰酸酯化合物,製造謀求低介電係數化及低介電正切化的同時,吸濕性低的阻燃性氰酸酯硬化樹脂組成物之方法(參照專利文獻4)。在此專利文獻4中,雖然記載著種種的氰酸酯化合物,但為了保持阻燃性必須使用具有將溴做為官能基之芳香族單官能氰酸酯化合物,並未成功在不使用溴的情形之下提升阻燃性。
並且,在專利文獻11中,記載:使用至少含有2個利用含有不飽和基的基鍵結之環的芳香族氰酸酯化合物謀求阻燃化之方法,在專利文獻12中,記載:使用含氟二氰酸酯化合物謀求阻燃化之方法,及在專利文獻13中,記載:使用酚系酚醛型氰酸酯化合物謀求阻燃化之方法。
然而,該等方法,無法獲得在高次元具備介電特性、阻燃性、耐熱性全部的性能之實用的氰酸酯化合物單體之硬化物。
另一方面,芳烷基結構之氰酸酯化合物,已知其硬化物具有低介電特性、高阻燃性、高耐熱性(參照專利文獻14)。
[專利文獻1]日本特公平4-24370號公報
[專利文獻2]日本特開平2-286723號公報
[專利文獻3]日本特開平7-207022號公報
[專利文獻4]日本特開平6-122763號公報
[專利文獻5]日本特開2000-95938號公報
[專利文獻6]日本特開2003-128928號公報
[專利文獻7]日本特開2003-128753號公報
[專利文獻8]日本特開2003-128784號公報
[專利文獻9]日本特開平6-228308號公報
[專利文獻10]日本特開平6-49238號公報
[專利文獻11]日本特表2002-531989號公報
[專利文獻12]日本特開昭63-250359號公報
[專利文獻13]日本特開2002-206048號公報
[專利文獻14]日本特開2005-264154號公報
然而,記載於上述專利文獻14的芳烷基結構之氰酸酯化合物,係不易溶於溶劑中,而且固體物的黏度高,處理困難。一般在使用氰酸酯化合物形成印刷電路板用途等之疊層板的情況中,係採用首先溶解於甲基乙基酮等的溶劑中製備清漆後,將其含浸於玻璃纖維布,並予以乾燥製作預浸體的步驟,所以氰酸酯化合物的溶劑溶解性或黏性、安定性也成為重要的要素。
本發明之課題在於提供新穎的氰酸酯化合物及其實用的製造方法,該氰酸酯化合物可實現介電係數及介電正切低,而且,具有優異的阻燃性及耐熱性的硬化物,並且黏度較低且具有優異的溶劑溶解性、處理性亦優異。
又,本發明之其他的課題在於提供含有該新穎的氰酸酯化合物之硬化性樹脂組成物、預浸體、疊層板、密封用材料、纖維強化複合材料、及黏著劑等,並且,提供介電係數及介電正切低,具有優異的阻燃性及耐熱性,處理性也優異的硬化物。
本案發明人等,為了解決上述課題經過努力探討後的結果,發現將苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂予以氰酸酯化而獲得之氰酸酯,黏度比較低且具有優異的溶劑溶解性,處理性優異,以及,意外發現使用此氰酸酯化合物之硬化性樹脂組成物,可實現介電係數及介電正切低且具有優異的阻燃性及耐熱性的硬化物等,乃達到完成本發明。
亦即,本發明在於提供以下<1>至<16>。
<1>一種氰酸酯化合物,其係將苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂予以氰酸酯化而獲得。
<2>如上列<1>中記載之氰酸酯化合物,其係具有以下列通式(I)表示之結構:
(式中,R1各自獨立地表示亞甲基、亞甲基氧基、亞甲基氧亞甲基或氧亞甲基,R2~R4各自獨立地表示氫原子、碳數為1~3之烷基(理想為甲基)、羥基或羥基亞甲基,T1表示氫原子、羥基或羥基亞甲基,x各自獨立地表示0~4之整數(理想為0~2之整數),y及z各自獨立地表示0~3之整數(理想為0~2之整數),w表示0或1之整數,m表示1以上之整數,n1表示0以上的整數,n2表示1以上之整數。)
<3>如上列<1>或<2>中記載之氰酸酯化合物,其中,該苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂係將二甲苯甲醛樹脂使用以下列通式(1)表示之苯酚類予以改性而成者:
(式中,Ar表示芳香環,R表示芳香環上的所有氫原子或一價取代基,一價取代基為烷基或芳基,且芳香環上存在的多個R可各為相同也可不同,惟,R至少其中之一為氫原子)。
<4>如上列<3>中記載之氰酸酯化合物,其中,該以通式(1)表示之苯酚類為苯酚及/或2,6-二甲酚。
<5>如上列<1>至<4>中任一項記載之氰酸酯化合物,其中,重量平均分子量Mw為250~10,000。
<6>一種氰酸酯化合物,其係具有以下列通式(I)表示之結構:
(式中,R1各自獨立地表示亞甲基、亞甲基氧基、亞甲基氧亞甲基或氧亞甲基,R2~R4各自獨立地表示氫原子、碳數為1~3之烷基(理想為甲基)、羥基或羥基亞甲基,且T1表示氫原子、羥基或羥基亞甲基,x各自獨立地表示0~4之整數(理想為0~2之整數),y及z各自獨立地表示0~3之整數(理想為0~2之整數),w表示0或1之整數,m表示1以上之整數,n1表示0以上的整數,n2表示1以上之整數。)
<7>如上列<6>中記載之氰酸酯化合物,其中,重量平均分子量Mw為250~10,000。
<8>如上列<1>至<5>之任一項中記載之氰酸酯化合物之製造方法,包含以下步驟:將二甲苯甲醛樹脂進行苯酚改性;以及將獲得之苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂所具有的苯酚性羥基予以氰酸酯化。
<9>一種硬化性樹脂組成物,其係包含如上列<1>至<7>中任一項記載之氰酸酯化合物。
<10>如上列<9>中記載之硬化性樹脂組成物,更包含選自於由如上列<1>至<7>中任一項之氰酸酯化合物以外之氰酸酯化合物、環氧樹脂、氧雜環丁烷樹脂及具有可聚合之不飽和基之化合物構成之群組中之至少1種以上。
<11>一種硬化物,其係使如上列<9>或是<10>中記載之硬化性樹脂組成物硬化而成。
<12>一種預浸體,其係將如上列<9>或是<10>中記載之硬化性樹脂組成物含浸或塗佈於纖維基材並使其乾燥而成。
<13>一種疊層板,其係在如上列<12>中記載之預浸體疊層金屬箔,並進行加熱加壓成形而成。
<14>一種密封用材料,其係包含如上列<9>或是<10>中記載之硬化性樹脂組成物。
<15>一種纖維強化複合材料,其係包含如上列<9>或是<10>中記載之硬化性樹脂組成物。
<16>一種黏著劑,其係包含如上列<9>或是<10>中記載之硬化性樹脂組成物。
根據本發明,可實現黏度較低且具有優異的溶劑溶解性,處理性優異之新穎的氰酸酯化合物。又,藉由使用此氰酸酯化合物,可實現具有優異的阻燃性,為低介電係數、低介電正切,而且,具有超過200℃之高玻璃轉移溫度,處理性亦優異之硬化性樹脂組成物或硬化物等。
以下,針對本發明之實施的形態說明。且,以下之實施的形態,係為了說明本發明之例示,本發明並不僅限定於該實施之形態。
本實施形態之氰酸酯化合物,雖然其製法並無特別限定,例如,係為將苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂予以氰酸酯化而獲得者。如此將苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂予以氰酸酯化,可獲得阻燃性優異,硬化性高,且硬化物之玻璃轉移溫度高之氰酸酯化合物。
做為本實施形態之氰酸酯化合物的原料的苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂,係將二甲苯甲醛樹脂予以苯酚改性者。在此,所謂二甲苯甲醛樹脂,係為將(間)二甲苯在酸性觸媒下與甲醛予以反應獲得之芳香族烴甲醛樹脂。又,本說明書中,所謂苯酚改性,意思是使用苯酚類(具有苯酚性羥基之化合物)而進行改性者。
二甲苯甲醛樹脂之苯酚改性,可依照在該技術領域中公知的方法進行,其方法並無特別限定。例如,藉由將二甲苯甲醛樹脂及苯酚類在酸性觸媒的存在下予以反應,可獲得苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂。做為酸性觸媒,可適合地使用例如:硫酸、鹽酸、磷酸等之無機酸;或草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、己二酸、癸二酸、檸檬酸、富馬酸、馬來酸、甲酸、對甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、三氟乙酸、二氯乙酸,三氯乙酸、三氟甲磺酸、苯磺酸、萘磺酸、萘二磺酸等之有機酸;氯化鋅、氯化鋁、氯化鐵、三氟化硼等之路易士酸;或者矽鎢酸、磷鎢酸、矽鉬酸或是磷鉬酸等之固體酸等。又,反應溫度一般而言50℃~200℃為理想。反應完成後,酸性觸媒之中和遵從常法,藉由利用甲基乙基酮或間二甲苯等的有機溶劑進行稀釋、水洗、萃取、蒸餾、未反應苯酚類之餾去等,可回收目的物。
在上述之苯酚改性中使用之苯酚類,若有具有苯酚性羥基之化合物(一般為在苯環等的芳香環鍵結有羥基者)則無特別限定。例如,可理想的使用以下列通式(1)表示之苯酚類。
在上述通式(1)中,做為芳香環,雖然例示有苯環、萘環、蒽環等,但並不特別限定於此等。又,做為R之烷基,碳數1~8之直鏈狀或是支鏈狀的烷基,較理想為碳數1~4之直鏈狀或是支鏈狀的烷基,雖然可例示例如:甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、二級丁基、三級丁基等,但並不特別限定於此等。並且,做為R的芳基,雖然可例示為:苯基、對甲苯基、萘基、蒽基等,但並不特別限定於此等。在該等之中,以下列通式(1)表示之苯酚類,尤以Ar為苯環,且R為0~3個之烷基者,以及Ar為苯環,且R為0~2個之芳基者為理想。
做為以上列通式(1)表示之苯酚的具體例,例如可舉出苯酚、2,6-二甲苯酚、萘酚、聯苯二酚等,在該等之中,從處理的觀點而言,尤以苯酚及2,6-二甲苯酚為理想。
反應後獲得之苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂的主生成物,在反應時甲醛成為亞甲基,藉此亞甲基,二甲苯及苯酚類之芳香環(例如苯環)彼此鍵結。且,反應後獲得之苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂,甲醛鍵結於二甲苯及苯酚類之芳香環的位置,由於苯酚類之鍵結的位置、聚合數等並不一致,會得到許多化合物之混合物。
例如將二甲苯、甲醛水溶液、2,6-二甲苯酚及濃硫酸在氮氣流中,使水溶劑回流7小時後,將酸中和,以有機溶劑萃取而獲得之苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂,成為以下列式(2)~(5)表示之化合物為代表組成而成之混合物。
該等之中,如上列式(5)的結構中不具有羥基之芳香族烴化合物,由於無法氰酸酯化,在事前蒸餾分離等去除為理想。
從更提高處理性的同時,更提高獲得之硬化性樹脂組成物及硬化物的介電係數、介電正切、阻燃性及耐熱性等之物性的觀點而言,苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂,依照JISK1557-1而算出之OH價,係在150~400mgKOH/g為理想,更理想為200~350mgKOH/g。
且,苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂,亦可使用市售品。做為市售品,例如可合適地使用Fudow(股)製之NIKANOL GL16或NIKANOL G等。
本實施形態之氰酸酯化合物,可藉由將上述苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂具有之羥基予以氰酸酯化而獲得。其合成方法並無特別限定,可應用公知之方法。
例如,依記載於IAN HAMERTON,“Chemistry and Technology of Cyanate Ester Resins”,BLACKIE ACADEMIC & PROFESSIONAL的方法,將苯酚予以氰酸酯化可獲得氰酸酯化合物。又,已知有:於溶劑中,在鹼的存在下,鹵化氰一直於較鹼過量地存在而反應的方法(美國專利3553244號);或使用3級胺作為鹼,將其於較鹵化氰更過量地使用的狀態進行合成的方法(日本特開平7-53497號公報);以連續塞柱流方式,使三烷基胺與鹵化氰反應的方法(日本特表2000-501138號公報);於三級胺的存在下,將在非水溶液中使苯酚與鹵化氰反應時副生成的三級鹵化銨,以陽離子及陰離子交換對處理的方法(日本特表2001-504835號公報);將苯酚化合物於可與水分液的溶劑之存在下,與3級胺及鹵化氰同時添加而反應後,水洗分液,並使用2級或3級醇類或是烴之不良溶劑從得到的溶液沉澱精製的方法(日本專利2991054號公報);以及將萘酚類、鹵化氰及3級胺於水與有機溶劑之兩相系溶劑中,在酸性條件下反應的方法(日本特開2007-277102公報)等,合適地使用此等公知之方法,可獲得本實施形態之氰酸酯化合物。且,獲得之氰酸酯化合物,可利用NMR等的公知之方法鑑定。
若具體的例示,藉由將以通式(2)~(4)表示之2,6-二甲苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂與氯化氰在溶劑中,於鹼性化合物的存在下反應,可獲得以通式(6)~(8)表示之化合物做為代表組成之氰酸酯(混合物)。
在上列氰酸酯化合物之中,從硬化性及阻燃性觀點而言,尤以下列式(I)表示者為理想。
在上列式(I)中,m、n1及n2係表示各構成單元位之比率,各重複單元的排列係為隨意。亦即,式(I)的化合物可為無規共聚物,亦可為嵌段共聚物(本說明書中,各構成單元的比率全部係為相同)。又,式(I)之化合物,亦可藉由2以上之R1交聯‧鍵結。且,m的上限值通常在50以下,理想為20以下,而n1及n2的上限值,通常在20以下。
本實施形態之氰酸酯化合物的重量平均分子量Mw,雖然並無特別限定,但以250~10,000為理想,更理想為300~5,000。
其次,針對本實施形態之硬化性樹脂組成物說明。
本實施形態之硬化性樹脂組成物,係含有上述之氰酸酯化合物者。此硬化性樹脂組成物,在無損於預期的特性的範圍中,亦可含有上述之氰酸酯化合物以外的氰酸酯化合物(以下,稱為「其他的氰酸酯化合物」)、環氧樹脂、氧雜環丁烷樹脂、及/或具有可聚合之不飽和基的化合物等。
做為其他的氰酸酯化合物,雖然可使用一般公知者,無特別限定,但例如可舉出:雙酚A二氰酸酯、雙酚F二氰酸酯、雙酚M二氰酸酯、雙酚P二氰酸酯、雙酚E二氰酸酯、酚系酚醛型氰酸酯、甲酚酚醛型氰酸酯、雙環戊二烯酚醛型氰酸酯、四甲基雙酚F二氰酸酯、雙酚二氰酸酯等。該等之氰酸酯化合物,可單獨使用1種或是混合2種以上使用。
做為環氧樹脂,雖然可使用一般公知者,無特別限定,但例如可舉出:雙酚A型環氧樹脂、雙酚E型環氧樹脂、雙酚F型環氧樹脂、雙酚S型環氧樹脂、雙酚A酚醛型環氧樹脂、聯苯型環氧樹脂、酚系酚醛型環氧樹脂、甲酚酚醛型環氧樹脂、二甲苯酚醛型環氧樹脂、萘型環氧樹脂、蒽型環氧樹脂、3官能苯酚型環氧樹脂、4官能苯酚型環氧樹脂、異氰尿酸三縮水甘油酯、縮水甘油脂型環氧樹脂、脂環式環氧樹脂、雙環戊二烯酚醛型環氧樹脂、聯苯酚醛型環氧樹脂、酚系芳烷基酚醛型環氧樹脂、萘酚芳烷基酚醛型環氧樹脂、芳烷基酚醛型環氧樹脂、聯苯芳烷基型環氧樹脂、萘酚芳烷基型環氧樹脂、雙環戊二烯型環氧樹脂、聚醇型環氧樹脂、脂環式環氧樹脂、或者該等之鹵化物等。該等之環氧樹脂,可單獨使用1種或是混合2種以上使用。
做為氧雜環丁烷樹脂,雖然可使用一般公知者,無特別限定,但例如可舉出:氧雜環丁烷、2-甲基氧雜環丁烷、2,2-二甲基氧雜環丁烷、3-甲基氧雜環丁烷、3,3-二甲基氧雜環丁烷等之烷基氧雜環丁烷、3-甲基-3-甲氧基甲基氧雜環丁烷、3,3’-二(三氟甲基)全氟氧雜環丁烷、2-氯甲基氧雜環丁烷、3,3-雙(氯甲基)氧雜環丁烷、OXT-101(東亞合成製商品名)、OXT-121(東亞合成製商品名)等。該等之氧雜環丁烷樹脂,可單獨使用1種或是混合2種以上使用。
且,在硬化性樹脂組成物中使用環氧樹脂及/或氧雜環丁烷樹脂的情況,可視必要使用環氧樹脂硬化劑及/或是氧雜環丁烷樹脂硬化劑。做為環氧樹脂硬化劑,雖然可使用一般公知者,無特別限定,但例如可舉出:2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-苯基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4,5-二羥基甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羥基甲基咪唑等之咪唑衍生物;二氰二胺、苄基二甲胺、4-甲基-N,N-二甲基苄基胺等之胺化合物;膦系或是鏻系之磷化合物等。又,做為氧雜環丁烷樹脂硬化劑,雖然可使用一般公知者,無特別限定,可舉出陽離子聚合起始劑。做為陽離子聚合起始劑,但例如可舉出:為市售者之San-Aid SI60L、San-Aid SI-80L、San-Aid SI100L(三新化學工業製)、CI-2064(日本曹達製)、IRGACURE 261(Ciba Specialty Chemicals製)、ADEKA OPTOMER SP-170、ADEKA OPTOMER SP-150(旭電化製)、CYRACURE UVI-6990(UCC製)等。又,陽離子聚合起始劑,亦可做為環氧樹脂硬化劑使用。該等之硬化劑,可單獨使用1種或是組合2種以上使用。
做為具有可聚合的不飽和基之化合物,雖然可使用一般公知者,無特別限定,但例如可舉出:乙烯、丙烯、苯乙烯、二乙烯苯、二乙烯聯苯等之乙烯基化合物;(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基丙酯、聚丙二醇二(甲
基)丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯等之一元或多元醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯類;雙酚A型環氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯、雙酚F型環氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯等之環氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯類;苯并環丁烯樹脂、(雙)馬來亞醯胺樹脂等。該等之具有不飽和基之化合物,可單獨使用1種或是混合2種以上使用。
且,使用具有可聚合的不飽和基之化合物的情況中,視必要亦可使用公知的聚合起始劑。做為聚合起始劑,雖然可使用一般公知者,無特別限定,但例如可舉出:過氧化苯甲醯、對過氧化氯苯甲醯、二叔丁基過氧化物、過氧化二碳酸二異丙酯、過氧化二碳酸二(2-乙基己基)酯等之過氧化物;偶氮二異丁腈等之偶氮化合物等。該等之聚合起始劑,可單獨使用1種或是組合2種以上使用。
並且,本實施形態之硬化性樹脂組成物,視必要亦可含有熱塑性樹脂、無機充填材、硬化觸媒、硬化促進劑、著色顏料、消泡劑、表面調整劑、阻燃劑、紫外線吸收劑、抗氧化劑、光聚合起始劑、螢光增白劑、光敏感劑、染料、顏料、增黏劑、滑劑、調流劑、分散劑、調平劑、光澤劑、聚合抑制劑、矽烷偶合劑等之公知的添加劑。又,視必要亦可含有溶劑。此等任意之添加劑,可單獨使用1種或是組合2種以上使用。
做為無機充填材,雖然可使用一般公知者,無特別限定,但例如可舉出:天然二氧化矽、合成二氧化矽、熔融二氧化矽、非晶質二氧化矽、中空二氧化矽等之二氧化矽類;水鋁礦、氧化鉬、鉬酸鋅等之鉬化合物;白碳、鈦白、AEROSIL、聚矽氧複合粉末、聚矽氧樹脂粉末、硼酸鋅、錫酸鋅、氧化鋁、滑石、天然雲母、合成雲母、高嶺土、黏土、煅燒黏土、煅燒高嶺土、煅燒滑石、氧化鋅、氧化鎂、氧化鋯、氫氧化鋁、氮化硼、硫酸鋇、E-玻璃、A-玻璃、NE-玻璃、C-玻璃、L-玻璃、D-玻璃、S-玻璃、M-玻璃G20、
玻璃短纖維(含有E玻璃或T玻璃、D玻璃、S玻璃、Q玻璃等的玻璃微粉末類。)、中空玻璃、球狀玻璃等。該等之無機充填材,可單獨使用1種或是組合2種以上使用。
又,做為硬化觸媒,雖然可使用一般公知者,無特別限定,但例如可舉出:辛酸鋅、環烷酸鋅、環烷酸鈷、環烷酸銅、乙醯丙酮鐵等之金屬鹽;苯酚、醇、胺等之具有活性羥基的化合物等。該等之硬化觸媒,可單獨使用1種或是組合2種以上使用。
做為溶劑,雖然可使用一般公知者,無特別限定,但可舉出丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、環己酮等之酮系溶劑;丙二醇單甲醚、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯等之賽璐蘇系溶劑;乳酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸異戊酯、乳酸乙酯、甲氧基丙酸甲酯、羥基異丁酸甲酯等之酯系溶劑;甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇、1-乙氧基-2-丙醇等之醇系溶劑;甲苯、二甲苯、茴香醚等之芳香族系烴等,但並不特別限定於此等。該等之溶劑,可單獨使用1種或是組合2種以上使用。
藉由使上述之硬化性樹脂組成物硬化,可獲得本實施形態之硬化物。其硬化方法,無特別限定,例如,可利用熱或光等使上述之硬化性樹脂組成物硬化。又例如,藉由將上述之硬化性樹脂組成物熔融或是溶解於溶劑中之後,澆鑄於模子內,以通常的條件硬化,可獲得期望之形狀的硬化物。且,熱硬化的情況之處理溫度,雖無特別限定,但從硬化反應之促進以及抑制獲得的硬化物之性能劣化的觀點而言,在120~300℃的範圍內為理想。
藉由將上述之硬化性樹脂組成物含浸或塗佈於基材,並乾燥,可製造預浸體。做為在此使用之基材,可使用一般公知者,例如,無機纖維基材或有機纖維基材等,並無特別限定。
做為前述基材,雖然無特別限定,但可舉出例如:玻璃織布、玻璃不織布等之玻璃纖維基材;石英等之玻璃以外的無機纖維基材;以聚醯亞胺樹脂纖維、聚醯胺樹脂纖維、芳香族聚醯胺樹脂纖維、全芳香族聚醯胺樹脂纖維等之聚醯胺系樹脂纖維;聚酯樹脂纖維、芳香族聚酯樹脂纖維、全芳香族聚酯樹脂纖維等之聚酯系樹脂纖維;聚醯亞胺樹脂纖維、氟樹脂纖維等為主成分的織布或是不織布所構成之合成纖維基材;以牛皮紙、棉紙、短棉絨與牛皮紙漿之混抄紙等為主成分之紙基材等之有機纖維基材等。可視對預浸體需求之性能,例如:強度、吸水率、熱膨張係數等,適當選擇使用此等公知者。
做為構成前述玻璃纖維基材之玻璃,雖無特別限定,但例如可舉出:E玻璃、D玻璃、C玻璃、A玻璃、S玻璃、D玻璃、Q玻璃、NE玻璃、T玻璃、H玻璃等。
製造前述預浸體之方法,可適當應用一般公知者,無特別限定。例如,使用前述之硬化性樹脂組成物製備樹脂清漆,應用將基材浸漬於樹脂清漆之方法、利用各種塗佈機塗佈之方法、利用噴霧器噴佈之方法等,可製造預浸體。該等之中,尤以將基材浸漬於樹脂清漆之方法為理想。據此,可提升樹脂組成物對基材的含浸性。且,將基材浸漬於樹脂清漆的情況,可使用一般的含浸塗布設備。例如,可應用將樹脂組成物清漆含浸於無機及/或是有機纖維基材且乾燥,進行B階段化製造預浸體之方法等。
又,本實施形態之硬化性樹脂組成物,亦可使用於覆金屬疊層板及多層板用途。該等之疊層板等之製造方法,可適當應用一般公知者,無特別限定。例如,將上述之預浸體與金屬箔疊層,以加熱加壓成形可獲得疊層板。此時,加熱的溫度雖然無特別限定,但通常以65~300℃為理想、120~270℃為更理想。又,加壓
的壓力雖然無特別限定,但通常係以2~5MPa為理想、2.5~4MPa為更理想。
並且,使用上述之硬化性樹脂組成物,可製造密封材料。密封材料之製造方法,可適當應用一般公知者,無特別限定。例如,將上述之硬化性樹脂組成物與在密封材料用途之各種公知的添加劑或者溶劑等,藉由使用公知的混合機混合,可製造密封材料。且,混合的時候之氰酸酯化合物、各種添加劑、溶劑之添加方法,可適當應用一般公知者,無特別限定。
並且又,使用上述之硬化性樹脂組成物,可製造纖維強化複合材料。纖維強化複合材料之製造方法,可適當應用一般公知者,無特別限定。例如,藉由將上述之硬化性樹脂組成物與強化纖維複合化(一體化),可製造纖維強化複合材料。
做為強化纖維,雖然並無特別限定,但例如可使用碳纖維、玻璃纖維、芳香族聚醯胺纖維、硼纖維、PBO纖維、高強力聚乙烯纖維、氧化鋁纖維、及碳化矽纖維等之纖維。關於強化纖維的形態或排列,並無特別限定,可從織物、不織布、氈、針織物、編帶、單向股、紗束、切股等適當選擇。又,做為強化纖維之形態,例如亦可應用預成形物(將由強化纖維構成之織物基布疊層者、或是將此以縫合紗縫合一體化者、或者立體織物‧編組物等之纖維結構物)。做為纖維強化複合材料之更具體的製造方法,例如可舉出:液體複材成型法(Liquid Composite Molding)、樹脂膜滲透法(Resin Film Infusion)、纏繞成型法(Filament Winding)、手積法(Hand Lay-up)、拉擠成型法(Pultrusion)等。該等之中,尤以係為液體複材成型法中一種之樹脂轉注成型法(Resin Transfer Molding),可將金屬板、泡沫核、蜂巢心材等預成形物以外的素材預先設置在成形模子內,由於可對應種種的用途,理想的使用在短時間內大量生產形狀比較複雜的複合材料之情況。
又,使用上述之硬化性樹脂組成物,可製造黏著劑。黏著劑之製造方法,可適當應用一般公知者,無特別限定。例如,將上述之硬化性樹脂組成物與在黏著劑用途之各種公知的添加劑或者溶劑等,藉由使用公知的混合機混合,可製造黏著劑。且,混合的時候之氰酸酯化合物、各種添加劑、溶劑之添加方法,可適當應用一般公知者,無特別限定。
本實施形態之硬化性樹脂組成物,由於處理性優異,且可實現介電係數及介電正切低,且具有優異的阻燃性及耐熱性之硬化物,可使用在該等之性能需求廣泛的用途,其用途不限定於上述者。亦即,本實施形態之硬化性樹脂組成物,在上述之物性以外,例如,由於可實現具有優異的低熱膨張性及低吸水性之硬化物,係做為高機能性高分子材料極為有用,做為於熱的、電力的及機械物性優異的材料係可使用在廣泛的用途。
以下,表示合成例、實施例以及比較例,將本發明更為詳細說明,但本發明不限定於該等之例。且,於以下未特別指明,則「份」代表「質量份」。
2,6-二甲苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂之氰酸酯(下列式(Ia)的氰酸酯(具有下列式(9)做為代表組成):以NXDC略稱)之合成
添加2,6-二甲苯酚486.8g(3.99mol)以及觸媒之PTSA(對甲苯磺酸)6.3g並攪拌昇溫,在液溫到達125℃的時點花費1小時滴加二甲苯甲醛樹脂(NIKANOL GL16,Fudow(股)製)144g。滴加中,持續昇溫,於150℃、3小時完成反應。反應後冷卻至120℃以下,於反應液中添加間二甲苯160g,其次添加甲基異丁基酮240g稀釋反應液。接著,將已稀釋之反應液以70~80℃的溫水400g重複清洗3次。
其次,利用蒸餾操作進行脫溶劑以及未反應之2,6-二甲苯酚的餾去,獲得以下列式(Ia’)代表之2,6-二甲苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂之粗製品362g。
將獲得之粗製品292g中加入間二甲苯300g之混合物在熱水浴上攪拌溶解(殘留部份結晶),繼續攪拌的同時以冰水冷卻使結晶析出,其後藉由以G-3過濾器進行過濾操作去除結晶。然後,利用蒸餾操作從過濾液餾去溶劑,獲得2,6-二甲苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂之精製品175g。
依據JISK1557-1求取獲得之2,6-二甲苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂之OH價,係為318mgKOH/g。
將以上述方法獲得之以式(Ia’)代表的2,6-二甲苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂之精製品256g(以OH基而言為1.45mol)以及1.6mol三乙胺溶解於3-甲基四氫呋喃600mL(溶液1)。之後,於-10℃將溶液1花費1.5小時滴加於2.8mol之氯化氰的二氯甲烷溶液500g。攪拌30分鐘後,滴加0.8mol之三乙胺與二氯甲烷115g的混合溶液,再攪拌30分鐘完成反應。然後,從反應液濾去三乙胺之鹽酸鹽,進行將獲得之過濾液利用0.1N鹽酸1,000mL清洗後,再以NaCl水溶液1,000mL清洗3次,最後以水1,000mL清洗。將二氯甲烷溶液利用硫酸鈉乾燥,藉由利用蒸餾操作餾去溶劑,獲得視為目的之以上列式(Ia)代表的2,6-二甲苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂之氰酸酯(NXDC)的黃紅色黏性物240g。
該化合物,係對於甲基乙基酮在25℃可溶解30質量%以上。又,使用TA INSTRUMENTS製流變儀(rheometer)AR2000EX測定黏度時,該化合物之黏度在100℃時係為0.3Pa‧s。以GPC測定時,該化合物之重量平均分子量(Mw)係為650。
將於實施例1獲得之氰酸酯NXDC 100質量份放入茄型燒瓶,於150℃加熱溶融以真空泵脫氣。之後,以加入辛酸鋅0.05質量份振盪1分鐘而混合,製備硬化性樹脂組成物。
將獲得之硬化性樹脂組成物,澆鑄至使用玻璃板(120mm×120mm×5mmt)、聚醯亞胺膜(Kapton 200H:DU PONT-TORAY)、氟橡膠製O型環(S-100:Morisei)製作之模子內,使用烤箱於170℃加
熱1小時,之後再於230℃加熱9小時予以硬化,將硬化物鑄型成形。冷卻後,利用研磨去除聚醯亞胺膜,取出硬化物。
將獲得之硬化物的特性,用以下之方法評價。
玻璃轉移溫度(Tg):利用動態黏彈性測定(DMA)計算。以振動頻率10GHz進行測定。
介電係數、介電正切:使用Agilent公司製HP8722ES,利用空腔共振擾動法計算。
阻燃性:根據UL94實施阻燃性試驗。且,樣品尺寸定為10mm×70mm×1.5mm。
評價結果顯示於表1。
苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂之氰酸酯(下列式(Ib)之氰酸酯(具有下列式(10)做為代表組成):以GLPC略稱)之合成
(式中,R1、T1、w、m、n1及n2係與上列式(I)中已說明者同義。)
添加苯酚800g(8.5mol)以及觸媒之PTSA(對甲苯磺酸)0.43g並攪拌昇溫,於液溫130℃花費1小時滴加二甲苯甲醛樹脂(NIKANOLG,Fudow(股)製)670g。滴加中,回流溫度從150℃降低至105℃。在滴加後1小時完成反應。反應後,為了脫苯酚於170℃實施水蒸氣蒸餾2.5小時。之後冷卻的同時徐徐地添加甲基異
丁基酮1700g稀釋。接著,將稀釋之反應液,以70~80℃的溫水850g重複清洗3次。
其次,利用蒸餾操作進行脫溶劑及微量的苯酚之餾去,獲得以下列式(Ib’)代表之苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂1130g。
依據JISK1557-1求取獲得之苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂之OH價,係為314mgKOH/g。
將以上述方法獲得之以式(Ib’)代表之苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂20g(以OH基而言為0.112mol)及三乙胺17.13g(0.168mol)溶解於二氯甲烷120g(溶液2)。於-5至+5℃花費10分鐘滴加溶液2至0.249mol之氯化氰的二氯甲烷溶液48.1g與36%鹽酸23.76g(0.235mol)與水147.3g攪拌混合之溶液。攪拌30分鐘後,滴加三乙胺11.42g(0.112mol)與二氯甲烷11.4g之混合溶液,再攪拌30分鐘完成反應。分液反應液,將有機相分離。將獲得之有機相以水100g清洗4次後,利用蒸餾將二氯甲烷餾去,獲得視為目的之以上列式(Ib)代表的苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂之氰酸酯(GLPC)的黃紅色黏性物23.1g。
該化合物,係對於甲基乙基酮在25℃可溶解30質量%以上。又,使用TA INSTRUMENTS製流變儀AR2000EX測定黏度時,該化合物之黏度在100℃時係為0.4Pa‧s。以GPC測定時,該化合物之重量平均分子量(Mw)係為1050。
使用於實施例3獲得之GLPC替代NXDC,除此以外與實施例2同樣地進行,製備硬化性樹脂組成物,製作硬化物。
獲得之硬化物的物性之評價結果顯示於表1。
單獨使用雙酚A二氰酸酯skylex(三菱瓦斯化學(股)製)替代NXDC,除此以外與實施例2同樣地進行,製備硬化性樹脂組成物,製作硬化物。
且,上述之雙酚A二氰酸酯skylex,係對甲基乙基酮在25℃可溶解30質量%以上。又,使用TA INSTRUMENTS製流變儀AR2000EX測定黏度時,該化合物之黏度在100℃時係為0.02Pa‧s。
獲得之硬化物的物性之評價結果顯示於表1。
使用酚系酚醛型氰酸酯PT30(LONZA公司製)替代NXDC,除此以外與實施例2同樣地進行,製備硬化性樹脂組成物,製作硬化物。
且,上述之酚系酚醛型氰酸酯PT30,係對於甲基乙基酮在25℃可溶解30質量%以上。又,使用TA INSTRUMENTS製流變儀AR2000EX測定黏度時,該化合物之黏度在100℃時係為0.5Pa‧s。
獲得之硬化物的物性之評價結果顯示於表1。
從表1亦可明顯看出,使用本發明之苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂之氰酸酯化物的硬化性樹脂組成物之硬化物,與使用習知品之氰酸酯化物者相比,可確認介電係數及介電正切低,具有優異的阻燃性。而且,該等之硬化物,可確認與習知品同樣都具有超過200℃之高玻璃轉移溫度,具有優異的耐熱性。又,本發明之苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂之氰酸酯化物,可確認具低黏度且具有優異的溶劑溶解性,處理性亦為優異。
且,本申請案根據2011年8月9日向日本專利廳提出申請之日本專利申請案(日本特願2011-174070號)主張優先權,其內容在此援用作為參照。
如以上說明,本發明處理性優異,可實現介電係數及介電正切低,而且具有優異的阻燃性及耐熱性之硬化物,亦可實現具有優異的低熱膨張性及低吸水性之硬化物,所以在要求該等之性能的種種用途中,係可廣泛而且有效的利用。例如除了在電絕緣材
料、密封材料、黏著劑、疊層材料、抗蝕劑、堆積疊層板材料以外,土木‧建築、電子‧電機、汽車、鐵路、船舶、飛機、運動用品、美術‧工藝等領域中之固定材、結構構材、補強劑、佈局材等的領域中係可有效的利用,特別是在需求鑄型性、低熱膨脹性、阻燃性、高度的機械強度之電絕緣材料或半導體密封材料、電子零件的黏著劑、飛機結構構材、衛星結構構材及鐵路車廂結構構材等中係可格外有效的利用。
Claims (13)
- 一種氰酸酯化合物,其係將苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂予以氰酸酯化而獲得,具有以下列通式(Ia)表示之結構:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之氰酸酯化合物,其中,該苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂係將二甲苯甲醛樹脂使用以下列通式(1)表示之苯酚類予以改性而成者;
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之氰酸酯化合物,其中,該以通式(1)表示之苯酚類為苯酚及/或2,6-二甲酚。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之氰酸酯化合物,其中,重量平均分子量Mw為250~10,000。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項之氰酸酯化合物之製造方法,包含以下步驟:將二甲苯甲醛樹脂進行苯酚改性;以及 將獲得之苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂所具有的苯酚性羥基予以氰酸酯化。
- 一種硬化性樹脂組成物,其係包含如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之氰酸酯化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之硬化性樹脂組成物,更包含選自於由如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之氰酸酯化合物以外之氰酸酯化合物、環氧樹脂、氧雜環丁烷樹脂及具有可聚合之不飽和基之化合物構成之群組中之至少1種以上。
- 一種硬化物,其係使如申請專利範圍第6項之硬化性樹脂組成物硬化而成。
- 一種預浸體,其係將如申請專利範圍第6項之硬化性樹脂組成物含浸或塗佈於基材並使其乾燥而成。
- 一種疊層板,其係在如申請專利範圍第9項之預浸體疊層金屬箔,並進行加熱加壓成形而成。
- 一種密封用材料,其係包含如申請專利範圍第6項之硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 一種纖維強化複合材料,其係包含如申請專利範圍第6項之硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 一種黏著劑,其係包含如申請專利範圍第6項之硬化性樹脂組成物。
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- 2012-07-31 JP JP2013527978A patent/JP5950127B2/ja active Active
- 2012-07-31 KR KR1020147002861A patent/KR101892784B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-07-31 WO PCT/JP2012/069500 patent/WO2013021869A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-07-31 US US14/237,426 patent/US10155835B2/en active Active
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EP2743283A1 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
CN103732642B (zh) | 2015-05-27 |
JP5950127B2 (ja) | 2016-07-13 |
JPWO2013021869A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
TW201313663A (zh) | 2013-04-01 |
KR101892784B1 (ko) | 2018-08-28 |
KR20140046007A (ko) | 2014-04-17 |
WO2013021869A1 (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
EP2743283A4 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
EP2743283B1 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
US10155835B2 (en) | 2018-12-18 |
US20140308530A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
CN103732642A (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
WO2013021869A9 (ja) | 2013-05-30 |
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