TWI532761B - A polycarbonate resin, a coating liquid containing the same, and a molded body using the same - Google Patents
A polycarbonate resin, a coating liquid containing the same, and a molded body using the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI532761B TWI532761B TW101130039A TW101130039A TWI532761B TW I532761 B TWI532761 B TW I532761B TW 101130039 A TW101130039 A TW 101130039A TW 101130039 A TW101130039 A TW 101130039A TW I532761 B TWI532761 B TW I532761B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- polycarbonate resin
- carbon atoms
- substituent
- resin
- Prior art date
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- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 title claims description 149
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 title claims description 149
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 70
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 63
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 53
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 96
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 75
- -1 mercapto alkane Chemical class 0.000 claims description 66
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 20
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002993 cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004428 fluoroalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC(N)=N1 VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000654 isopropylidene group Chemical group C(C)(C)=* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 109
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 109
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 105
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 87
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 58
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 37
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 31
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 29
- SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol Z Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CCCCC1 SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 21
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 21
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 20
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propanol Substances CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine Substances NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 9
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- PXPRARBLTYXMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexoxy)ethanol Chemical compound OCC(F)(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F PXPRARBLTYXMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HTVITOHKHWFJKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol B Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HTVITOHKHWFJKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- NUDSREQIJYWLRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[9-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)fluoren-9-yl]-2-methylphenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 NUDSREQIJYWLRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4,4'-diol Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical class C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004203 4-hydroxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 4
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoquinolinylidene Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZFVMWEVVKGLCIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol AF Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZFVMWEVVKGLCIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006085 branching agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- FZFAMSAMCHXGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro formate Chemical compound ClOC=O FZFAMSAMCHXGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AOGYCOYQMAVAFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorocarbonic acid Chemical group OC(Cl)=O AOGYCOYQMAVAFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- YMTYZTXUZLQUSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3'-Dimethylbisphenol A Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 YMTYZTXUZLQUSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WUGKVYDVIGOPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-methylphenol Chemical group C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 WUGKVYDVIGOPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NZGQHKSLKRFZFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NZGQHKSLKRFZFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SVOBELCYOCEECO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)cyclohexyl]-2-methylphenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C2(CCCCC2)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 SVOBELCYOCEECO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000005626 carbonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004956 cyclohexylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004979 cyclopentylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 3
- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCNHNBLSNVSJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HCNHNBLSNVSJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNNC DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNLZIZAQLLYXTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C)C(C)=CC=C21 QNLZIZAQLLYXTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWHDQPLUIFIFFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6-tetrabromocyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical compound BrC1=C(Br)C(=O)C(Br)=C(Br)C1=O LWHDQPLUIFIFFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIAFKZKHHVMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1O UIAFKZKHHVMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URFNSYWAGGETFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Dihydroxybibenzyl Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 URFNSYWAGGETFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Description
本發明係關於一種具有於聚合物末端含有氟原子之特定結構之聚碳酸酯樹脂、含有該聚碳酸酯樹脂與非鹵素系溶劑之塗敷液、及使用該塗敷液所成形之成形體。
聚碳酸酯樹脂由於機械性質或熱性質、透明性或電氣性質優異,故而於各種產業領域中被用作成形品之素材。進而,近年來,聚碳酸酯樹脂亦較多地用於同時利用該等特性及光學性質等之功能性製品之領域中。
作為此種功能性之製品,已知有使聚碳酸酯樹脂溶解於有機溶劑中而製備塗敷液,並將該塗敷液塗佈於轉鼓或片材、膜上而形成之塗膜;及由該塗敷液形成之鑄膜。作為更具體之製品,可列舉:形成於電子照相方式之印刷機所使用之電子照相感光體轉鼓、帶電輥、顯影輥等轉鼓或輥之表面上的塗膜;電氣製品或車輛製品所使用之膜嵌入成型用膜之塗膜;液晶顯示器等所使用之相位差補償膜或導電性膜;觸控面板或窗等之表面保護膜等。
伴隨聚碳酸酯樹脂之用途領域之擴大,需求性能亦多樣化。存在針對此種要求,藉由先前以來使用之以2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)丙烷(雙酚A)或1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環己烷(雙酚Z)等作為原料的聚碳酸酯之均聚物無法充分地應對之情形。因此,業界要求可應對各種用途所特有之需求特性的具有各種化學結構之聚碳酸酯系樹脂。
例如於專利文獻1~6中,揭示有一種藉由使用將氟導入至末端之聚碳酸酯樹脂,而賦予撥水性或防污性,並賦予低摩擦係數化等低表面性之成形體。
專利文獻1:日本專利特開平4-323263號公報
專利文獻2:日本專利特表2008-525581號公報
專利文獻3:日本專利特開2007-277524號公報
專利文獻4:日本專利特開2005-126727號公報
專利文獻5:日本專利特開平10-130383號公報
專利文獻6:日本專利特開平8-225639號公報
然而,就提高由該樹脂製造之成形體之撥水性、表面潤滑性、及耐磨耗性之觀點而言,上述專利文獻1~6所揭示之聚碳酸酯樹脂尚不充分。
本發明之目的在於提供一種可製造透明性優異,撥水性、撥油性良好,摩擦係數較低而表面潤滑性優異,且可提高耐磨耗性之成形體的聚碳酸酯樹脂;含聚碳酸酯樹脂之塗敷液;及使用該塗敷液所成形之成形體。
本發明者等人反覆進行努力研究,結果發現:與專利文獻1~6所揭示之聚碳酸酯樹脂不同結構之於聚合物末端具有全氟烷基、且含有醚鍵之特定結構之聚碳酸酯樹脂可解
決上述課題。
即,本發明係關於下述[1]~[15]。
[1]一種聚碳酸酯樹脂,其係由下述通式(1)所表示,
[式(1)中,Rf表示碳數為5以上且氟原子數為11以上之全氟烷基、或下述通式(2)所表示之全氟烷氧基;W表示含有下述通式(3)所表示之結構單元或萘環之二價基]
[式(2)中,Rf2為碳數1~6之直鏈或支鏈之全氟烷基;n6為1~3之整數]
[式(3)中,p、q表示括號內之結構單元之組成比(莫耳比);R1~R4分別獨立表示鹵素原子、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之烷基、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之烷氧基、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之氟烷基、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之氟烷氧
基、或可具有取代基之苯基;X表示單鍵、可具有取代基之碳數1~18之伸烷基、可具有取代基之碳數2~18之亞烷基、可具有取代基之碳數5~15之伸環烷基、可具有取代基之碳數5~15之亞環烷基、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-O-、-CO-、或者下述式(4)或下述式(5)所表示之二價基;n1、n2分別獨立為0~4之整數;Y表示單鍵、可具有取代基之碳數1~18之伸烷基、可具有取代基之碳數2~18之亞烷基、可具有取代基之碳數5~15之伸環烷基、可具有取代基之碳數5~15之亞環烷基、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-O-、-CO-、或者下述式(4)或下述式(5)所表示之二價基;n3、n4分別獨立為0~4之整數,但不存在n3及n4均為0、且Y為亞異丙基之情形]
[式(5)中之苯環亦可經碳數1~22之烷基或可具有取代基之苯基取代]。
[2]如上述[1]之聚碳酸酯樹脂,其中上述通式(1)中之W進而具有含有機矽氧烷之基。
[3]如上述[2]之聚碳酸酯樹脂,其中上述含有機矽氧烷之基係具有下述通式(6)所表示之結構之二價基,
[式(6)中,R21及R22分別獨立表示氫原子、鹵素原子、碳數1~12之經取代或未經取代之烷基、碳數1~12之經取代或未經取代之烷氧基、或者碳數6~12之經取代或未經取代之芳基;R23分別獨立表示碳數1~12之經取代或未經取代之烷基、或者碳數6~12之經取代或未經取代之芳基;n21分別獨立為2~4之整數,n22為1~600之整數]。
[4]如上述[1]至[3]中任一項之聚碳酸酯樹脂,其中上述通式(1)所表示之聚碳酸酯樹脂包含下述通式(7)~(13)所表示之結構單元中之至少一種,
[式中,R5~R7分別獨立表示氫原子、鹵素原子、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之烷基、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之烷氧
基、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之氟烷基、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之氟烷氧基、或可具有取代基之苯基]。
[5]如上述[1]至[4]中任一項之聚碳酸酯樹脂,其係將下述通式(14)、(15)、(15a)所表示之含氟醇之任一者用作末端封端劑而製造,
[式中,n31為5~8之整數,n32為0~2之整數,n33為1~3之整數,n34為1~3之整數]。
[6]如上述[1]至[5]中任一項之聚碳酸酯樹脂,其係將下述通式(16)所表示之雙氟甲酸酯低聚物用作原料之一而製造,
[式中,R1、R2、X、n1、n2與上述通式(3)相同,n8表示雙氟甲酸酯低聚物之平均聚合數,其數值為1.0~1.99]。
[7]一種含聚碳酸酯樹脂之塗敷液,其含有如上述[1]至[6]中任一項之聚碳酸酯樹脂及非鹵素系溶劑。
[8]如上述[7]之含聚碳酸酯樹脂之塗敷液,其中上述非
鹵素系溶劑係選自芳香族系溶劑、醚系溶劑、酮系溶劑、醯胺系溶劑、及酯系溶劑中之至少一種。
[9]一種成形體,其係使用如上述[7]或[8]之含聚碳酸酯樹脂之塗敷液所成形。
[10]如上述[9]之成形體,其中上述成形體之表面的水之接觸角為95度以上,且十六烷之接觸角為20度以上。
[11]一種電子照相感光體,其至少包含如上述[9]或[10]之成形體。
[12]一種轉鼓,其至少包含如上述[9]或[10]之成形體。
[13]一種輥,其至少包含如上述[9]或[10]之成形體。
[14]一種鑄膜,其係藉由流延法使如上述[7]或[8]之含聚碳酸酯樹脂之塗敷液成形而成。
[15]一種塗膜,其係藉由塗佈法使如上述[7]或[8]之含聚碳酸酯樹脂之塗敷液成形而成。
本發明之具有特定結構之聚碳酸酯樹脂可溶解於各種非鹵素系有機溶劑中而形成均勻溶液,且將該溶液用作塗敷液而形成之成形體可成為透明性優異,表現出良好之撥水性及撥油性,進而摩擦係數減小而表面潤滑性優異,且耐磨耗性亦優異者。
以下,對本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂、含有該聚碳酸酯樹脂之包含非鹵素系溶劑的含聚碳酸酯樹脂之塗敷液(以下,亦簡稱為「塗敷液」)、及使用該塗敷液所成形之成形體
進行說明。
本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂係由下述通式(1)所表示者。
上述通式(1)中,Rf表示碳數為5以上且氟原子數為11以上之全氟烷基、或下述通式(2)所表示之全氟烷氧基。
本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂具有含有特定以上之氟原子之全氟烷基、或特定結構之全氟烷氧基作為末端之官能基,且該官能基經由醚鍵進行鍵結,故而使用該聚碳酸酯樹脂之成形體之透明性得到提高,表現出良好之撥水性及撥油性,且摩擦係數減小、表面潤滑性得到提高。尤其是塗佈本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂而成之成形體的表面耐磨耗性較強,進而可抑制磨耗後之摩擦係數之惡化或撥水性之下降等。
於Rf為全氟烷基之情形時,該全氟烷基之碳數為5以上,較佳為6~8。若該碳數未達5,則無法獲得充分之撥水
性、撥油性及較低之摩擦係數,故而欠佳。
又,全氟烷基之氟原子數為11以上,較佳為12~17。若該氟原子數未達11,則無法充分地表現出使用聚碳酸酯樹脂之成形體之撥水性及撥油性,故而欠佳。
又,於Rf為上述通式(2)所表示之全氟烷氧基之情形時,通式(2)所表示之基之碳數較佳為3~11,更佳為5~9。又,全氟烷氧基之氟原子數較佳為7~21,更佳為11~17。
又,上述通式(2)中之Rf2之碳數為1~6,較佳為2~5,更佳為3~4,n6為1~3之整數,較佳為1~2之整數。
又,上述通式(1)中之W為含有下述通式(3)所表示之結構單元或萘環之二價基。
上述通式(3)中,p、q表示括號內之結構單元之組成比(莫耳比)。
就溶解性或耐磨耗性等觀點而言,p與q之組成比(莫耳比)[p/q]較佳為30/70~95/5,更佳為40/60~90/10,進而較佳為45/55~85/15。
上述通式(3)中之R1~R4分別獨立表示鹵素原子、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之烷基、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之烷氧基、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之氟烷基、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之氟烷氧基、或可具有取代基之苯基。
作為鹵素原子,可列舉:氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子。
作為碳數1~6之烷基,例如可列舉:甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第三丁基、第三戊基、正己基等,就透明性、耐磨耗性之觀點而言,較佳為碳數1~3之烷基。作為取代基,可列舉氯原子之類之鹵素原子。
作為碳數1~6之烷氧基,例如可列舉:甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、戊氧基、己氧基等,就透明性、耐磨耗性之觀點而言,較佳為碳數1~3之烷氧基。作為取代基,可列舉氯原子之類之鹵素原子。
作為碳數1~6之氟烷基,例如可列舉:氟甲基、三氟甲基、氟乙基、五氟乙基、七氟丙基、九氟丁基等。
作為碳數1~6之氟烷氧基,例如可列舉:三氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基等。
作為可具有取代基之苯基中之取代基,可列舉鹵素原子或上述碳數1~6之烷基。
該等之中,就透明性、耐磨耗性之觀點而言,較佳為鹵素原子、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之烷基、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之氟烷基、可具有取代基之苯基,更佳為甲基、苯基、氟、三氟甲基。
上述通式(3)中之X表示單鍵、可具有取代基之碳數1~18之伸烷基、可具有取代基之碳數2~18之亞烷基、可具有取代基之碳數5~15之伸環烷基、可具有取代基之碳數5~15之亞環烷基、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-O-、-CO-、或者下述式(4)
或下述式(5)所表示之二價基。
再者,作為X所表示之可具有取代基之伸烷基、亞烷基、伸環烷基、亞環烷基中之取代基,例如可列舉:碳數1~6之烷基、或氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子等鹵素原子、或苯基。
作為該烷基,可列舉與上述於上述通式(3)中之R1~R4所表示的碳數1~6之烷基中例示之基相同者,又,較佳者亦相同。作為該鹵素原子,較佳為氯原子。
再者,式(5)中之苯環亦可經碳數1~22之烷基、或可具有取代基之苯基取代。作為該取代基,可列舉碳數1~6之烷基或鹵素原子。又,於式(4)中,1-甲基亞乙基較佳為鍵結於苯環之1,3位或1,4位上。
於該等二價基X之中,就溶解性或耐磨耗等觀點而言,較佳為可具有取代基之碳數1~18之伸烷基、可具有取代基之碳數2~18之亞烷基、可具有取代基之碳數5~15之亞環烷基。
作為碳數1~18之伸烷基,例如可列舉:亞甲基、伸乙基、正伸丙基、異伸丙基、正伸丁基、異伸丁基、正伸戊
基、正伸己基、正伸庚基、正伸辛基、2-乙基伸己基、正伸壬基、正伸癸基、正伸十一烷基、正伸十二烷基、正伸十三烷基、正伸十四烷基、正伸十五烷基、正伸十六烷基、正伸十七烷基、正伸十八烷基等,較佳為碳數1~8之伸烷基,更佳為碳數1~4之伸烷基。
作為碳數2~18之亞烷基,例如可列舉:亞乙基、亞正丙基、亞異丙基、亞正丁基、亞異丁基、亞第二丁基、亞正戊基、亞異戊基、亞正己基、亞正庚基、亞正辛基、亞異辛基等,較佳為碳數2~5之亞烷基,更佳為亞乙基、亞丙基、亞異丙基、亞第二丁基。
作為碳數5~15之伸環烷基,例如可列舉:伸環戊基、伸環己基、伸環辛基、伸環癸基、伸環十四烷基、1,3-金剛烷基等,較佳為碳數5~10之伸環烷基。
作為碳數5~15之亞環烷基,例如可列舉:亞環戊基、亞環己基、亞環辛基、亞環癸基、2,2-金剛烷基等,較佳為碳數5~10之亞環烷基,進而較佳為環亞己基。
上述通式(3)中,Y表示單鍵、可具有取代基之碳數1~18之伸烷基、可具有取代基之碳數2~18之亞烷基、可具有取代基之碳數5~15之伸環烷基、可具有取代基之碳數5~15之亞環烷基、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-O-、-CO-、或者上述式(4)或上述式(5)所表示之二價基。
關於碳數1~18之伸烷基、碳數2~18之亞烷基、碳數5~15之伸環烷基、碳數5~15之亞環烷基之具體之基,可列舉與上述X所例示之基相同者,又,較佳者亦相同。
該等二價基Y之中,就耐磨耗性或機械強度之觀點而言,較佳為單鍵、上述式(5)所表示之二價基。另一方面,就撥水性、撥油性或表面潤滑性之觀點而言,較佳為碳數5~15之亞環烷基。
上述通式(3)中,n1、n2分別獨立為0~4之整數。
又,n3、n4分別獨立為0~4之整數,但不存在n3及n4均為0、且Y為亞異丙基之情形。除成為上述僅包含源自雙酚A之重複單元之聚碳酸酯的情形以外,X與Y可相同。其中,於X與Y均為單鍵、-O-、-CO-、亞甲基、亞乙基之情形時,由於有結晶化或溶解性下降之虞,故而R1~R4必需具有上述可具有取代基之碳數1~6之烷基、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之烷氧基、或可具有取代基之苯基。
於本發明中,上述通式(1)中之W較佳為進而具有含有機矽氧烷之基。藉由具有含有機矽氧烷之基,成形體之摩擦係數減小且表面潤滑性得以提昇。作為含有機矽氧烷之基,就上述觀點而言,較佳為具有下述通式(6)所表示之結構之二價基。
上述通式(6)中,R21及R22分別獨立表示氫原子、鹵素原子、碳數1~12之經取代或未經取代之烷基、碳數1~12之經取代或未經取代之烷氧基、碳數6~12之經取代或未經取代
之芳基。R23分別獨立表示碳數1~12之經取代或未經取代之烷基、或碳數6~12之經取代或未經取代之芳基。
作為R21及R22所表示之鹵素原子,例如可列舉:氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子。
作為R21及R22所表示之碳數1~12之經取代或未經取代的烷基,例如可列舉:甲基、乙基、正丙基及異丙基等,作為該取代基,可列舉鹵素原子等。
作為構成R21及R22所表示之碳數1~12之經取代或未經取代的烷氧基之烷基,具體而言,可列舉上述烷基,作為該取代基,可列舉鹵素原子等。
作為R21及R22所表示之碳數6~12之經取代或未經取代的芳基,例如可列舉苯基等,作為該取代基,可列舉鹵素原子或碳數1~12之烷基等。
作為R23所表示之碳數1~12之經取代或未經取代的烷基,可列舉與R21及R22相同者,較佳為甲基。作為R23所表示之碳數6~12之經取代或未經取代的芳基,例如可列舉苯基等,作為該取代基,可列舉鹵素原子或碳數1~12之烷基。
上述通式(6)中,n21分別獨立為2~4之整數。又,n22為1~600之整數,較佳為2~100,更佳為3~50。
又,上述通式(1)之W所表示之結構中,含有機矽氧烷之基之含有比率(莫耳比)於需要成形體的高彈性模數化或耐磨耗性、低摩擦係數化等之情形時,較佳為0.05~10莫耳%,更佳為0.1~5莫耳%,進而較佳為0.15~3莫耳%。另一
方面,於需要成形體之低彈性模數化或高延伸性之情形時,較佳為3~15莫耳%。
關於上述通式(1)所表示之聚碳酸酯樹脂,就溶解性、耐磨耗性等機械強度之觀點而言,較佳為於該聚碳酸酯樹脂中包含下述通式(7)~(13)所表示之結構單元中之至少一種。
上述通式(7)~(13)中,R5~R7分別獨立表示氫原子、鹵素原子、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之烷基、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之烷氧基、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之氟烷基、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之氟烷氧基、或可具有取代基之苯基。
關於R5~R7所表示之鹵素原子、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之烷基、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之烷氧基、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之氟烷基、可具有取代基之碳數1~6之氟烷氧基之具體之基,可列舉與上述R1~R4所例示之基相同者,
又,較佳者亦相同。
上述通式(1)所表示之聚碳酸酯樹脂可將相應之下述通式(17)、(18)之雙酚類或二羥基萘、及下述通式(19)的含氟醇作為起始原料而加以合成。
(式(17)中之R1、R2、X、n1、n2、式(18)中之R3、R4、Y、n3、n4、及式(19)中之Rf與上述通式(1)、(3)相同)。
作為上述通式(17)或(18)之雙酚化合物,例如可列舉:1,1-雙(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)乙烷、9,9-雙(3-苯基-4-羥基苯基)茀、雙(4-羥基苯基)甲烷、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)乙烷、1,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)乙烷、2,2-雙(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)丁烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)丁烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)辛烷、4,4-雙(4-羥基苯基)庚烷、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)-1,1-二苯甲烷、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)-1-苯乙烷、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)-1-苯甲烷、雙(4-羥基苯基)醚、雙(4-羥基苯基)硫醚、雙(4-羥基苯基)碸、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環戊烷、1,1-雙(3-甲基-
4-羥基苯基)環戊烷、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環己烷、2,2-雙(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(3-苯基-4-羥基苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)金剛烷、2,2-雙(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)金剛烷、1,3-雙(4-羥基苯基)金剛烷、1,3-雙(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)金剛烷、2-(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)-2-(4-羥基苯基)-1-苯乙烷、雙(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)硫醚、雙(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)碸、雙(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)甲烷、1,1-雙(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)環己烷、2,2-雙(2-甲基-4-羥基苯基)丙烷、1,1-雙(2-丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基苯基)丁烷、1,1-雙(2-第三丁基-4-羥基-3-甲基苯基)乙烷、1,1-雙(2-第三丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基苯基)丙烷、1,1-雙(2-第三丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基苯基)丁烷、1,1-雙(2-第三丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基苯基)異丁烷、1,1-雙(2-第三丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基苯基)庚烷、1,1-雙(2-第三丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基苯基)-1-苯甲烷、1,1-雙(2-第三戊基-4-羥基-5-甲基苯基)丁烷、雙(3-氯-4-羥基苯基)甲烷、雙(3,5-二溴-4-羥基苯基)甲烷、2,2-雙(3-氯-4-羥基苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(3-氟-4-羥基苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(3-溴-4-羥基苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(3,5-二氟-4-羥基苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(3,5-二氯-4-羥基苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(3,5-二溴-4-羥基苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(3-溴-4-羥基-5-氯苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(3,5-二氯-4-羥基苯基)丁烷、2,2-雙(3,5-二溴-4-羥基苯基)丁烷、1-苯基-1,1-雙(3-氟-4-羥基苯基)乙烷、雙(3-氟-4-羥基苯基)醚、4,4'-二羥基聯苯、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二羥基聯苯、3,3'-二氟-4,4'-二羥基聯苯、1,1-雙(3-環己基-4-羥基苯基)環己烷、
2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)六氟丙烷、1,1-雙(3-苯基-4-羥基苯基)環己烷、雙(3-苯基-4-羥基苯基)碸、4,4'-(3,3,5-三甲基環亞己基)聯苯酚、4,4'-[1,4-伸苯基雙(1-甲基亞乙基)]雙酚、4,4'-[1,3-伸苯基雙(1-甲基亞乙基)]雙酚、9,9-雙(4-羥基苯基)茀、9,9-雙(4-羥基-3-甲基苯基)茀等。該等雙酚化合物可單獨使用一種,亦可組合兩種以上而使用。
再者,通式(18)所表示之雙酚類不包括2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基丙烷)(雙酚A)。其原因在於:若上述通式(17)與(18)所表示之雙酚類均為雙酚A,則有引起溶解性之下降或易於結晶化等問題之可能性。又,亦可為於如2,7-二羥基萘之萘環上鍵結有兩個羥基之化合物。
該等之中,較佳為1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)乙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)丁烷、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)-1-苯乙烷、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環戊烷、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環己烷、1,1-雙(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)環己烷、1,1-雙(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)環戊烷、4,4'-二羥基聯苯、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二羥基聯苯、4,4'-二羥基二苯醚、4,4'-[1,4-伸苯基雙(1-甲基亞乙基)]雙酚、4,4'-[1,3-伸苯基雙(1-甲基亞乙基)]雙酚、9,9-雙(4-羥基苯基)茀、9,9-雙(4-羥基-3-甲基苯基)茀、2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)金剛烷、2,7-二羥基萘、2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)六氟丙烷。
進而較佳為2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)丁烷、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環己烷、1,1-雙(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)環己烷、2,2-雙(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)丙烷、9,9-雙(4-羥基-3-甲基苯基)茀、4,4'-二羥基聯苯、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二羥基聯苯、4,4'-二羥
基二苯醚、2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)六氟丙烷。
又,本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂可源自上述通式(17)或(18)所表示之雙酚類的兩種以上,但在不違反本發明之目的之範圍內,亦可含有源自上述通式(17)或(18)以外之其他雙酚化合物(以下,亦稱為「第三成分」)者。
作為此種第三成分,可列舉2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)丙烷(雙酚A)、含有有機矽氧烷基之雙酚等,且可列舉下述通式(20)所表示之含有有機矽氧烷基之雙酚。
(式(20)中,R21~R23、n21、n22上述通式(6)與相同)。
上述通式(19)所表示之含氟醇可用作末端封端劑。作為含氟醇,較佳為將下述通式(14)、(15)、(15a)所表示之含氟醇之任一者用作末端封端劑。
(式(14)中之n31為5~8之整數,式(15)中之n32為0~2之整數,n33為1~3之整數,式(15a)中之n34為1~3之整數)。
作為含氟醇,較佳為連續之氟烷基鏈為2~6,且其經由
醚鍵連接,全氟原子數為13~19者。若全氟原子數為13以上,則可表現出充分之撥水性、撥油性。另一方面,若為19以下,則可抑制聚合時之反應性之下降,並提昇所獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂之機械強度、表面硬度、耐熱性等。
進而較佳為具有兩個以上之醚鍵之含氟醇。藉由使用此種含氟醇,可使樹脂之分散性變良好,提昇耐磨耗性,並保持磨耗後之表面潤滑性或撥水性及撥油性。
作為上述含氟醇,例如可列舉以下之化合物。
於本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂中亦可使用上述含氟醇及其他末端封端劑。
作為其他末端封端劑,可將一元羧酸與其衍生物或一元酚等混合而使用,例如可列舉:對第三丁基苯酚、對苯基苯酚、對戊基苯酚、對全氟壬基苯酚、對(全氟壬基苯基)苯酚、對全氟辛基苯酚、對全氟庚基苯酚、對全氟己基苯
酚、對全氟戊基苯酚、對全氟丁基苯酚、對第三全氟丁基苯酚、1-(對羥基苄基)全氟癸烷、對[2-(1H,1H-全氟三(十二烷基氧基))-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙基]苯酚、3,5-雙(全氟己氧基羰基)苯酚、對羥基苯甲酸全氟十二烷基酯、對(1H,1H-全氟辛氧基)苯酚、2H,2H,9H-全氟壬酸、1,1,1,3,3,3-四氟-2-丙醇等或下述式所表示之氟化醇等。
H(CF2)nCH2OH(n為1~12之整數)
F(CF2)mCH2OH(m為1~12之整數)
該等其他末端封端劑之中,較佳為分子末端之一部分或全部包含全氟烷基或末端氫取代全氟烷基之苯酚、1,1-二氫-1-全氟烷基醇、1,1,ω-三氫-1-全氟烷基醇等。
末端封端劑之添加比率以共聚合組成比計,較佳為0.05~30莫耳%,進而較佳為0.1~10莫耳%。若為0.05莫耳%以上,則成形性良好,若為30莫耳%以下,則機械強度變良好。
又,可於本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂中導入支鏈劑。
作為支鏈劑,例如可列舉:間苯三酚、鄰苯三酚、4,6-二甲基-2,4,6-三(4-羥基苯基)-2-庚烯、2,6-二甲基-2,4,6-三(4-羥基苯基)-3-庚烯、2,4-二甲基-2,4,6-三(4-羥基苯基)庚烷、1,3,5-三(2-羥基苯基)苯、1,3,5-三(4-羥基苯基)苯、1,1,1-三(4-羥基苯基)乙烷、三(4-羥基苯基)苯甲烷、2,2-雙[4,4-雙(4-羥基苯基)環己基]丙烷、2,4-雙[2-雙(4-羥基苯基)-2-丙基]苯酚、2,6-雙(2-羥基-5-甲基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚、2-(4-羥基苯基)-2-(2,4-二羥基苯基)丙烷、四(4-羥基
苯基)甲烷、四[4-(4-羥基苯基異丙基)苯氧基]甲烷、2,4-二羥基苯甲酸、均苯三酸、三聚氰酸、3,3-雙(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)-2-氧代-2,3-二氫吲哚、3,3-雙(4-羥基芳基)氧基吲哚、5-氯靛紅、5,7-二氯靛紅、5-溴靛紅等。
該等支鏈劑之添加量以共聚合組成比計,較佳為30莫耳%以下,更佳為5莫耳%以下。若該添加量為30莫耳%以下,則成形性良好。
本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂之分子量根據塗敷液的用途等,適當之範圍不同,通常,就成形性之觀點而言,以二氯甲烷作為溶劑之濃度0.5 g/dl的溶液於溫度20℃下之還原黏度[ηsp/c]較佳為0.2~2 dl/g,更佳為0.2~1.1 dl/g。
繼而,對本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂之製造方法進行說明。
該聚碳酸酯樹脂可使用上述通式(17)及(18)所表示之雙酚或二羥基萘與上述通式(19)所表示之含氟醇及碳醯氯等碳酸酯前驅物,並藉由界面聚合法而製造。
又,亦可藉由利用酯交換法等公知之非碳醯氯法之製造方法而製造。具體而言,於二氯甲烷等鈍性有機溶劑中,於氫氧化鈉等公知之酸受體或分子量調節劑(上述含氟醇等末端封端劑)之存在下,視需要添加觸媒或上述支鏈劑,而使上述雙酚及視需要而使用之其他雙酚化合物與上述含氟醇以及碳醯氯等碳酸酯前驅物反應。
作為所使用之鈍性有機溶劑,例如可列舉:二氯甲烷(methylene chloride);三氯甲烷;四氯化碳;1,1-二氯乙
烷;1,2-二氯乙烷;1,1,1-三氯乙烷;1,1,2-三氯乙烷;1,1,1,2-四氯乙烷;1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷;五氯乙烷;氯苯等氯化烴、甲苯、苯乙酮等。該等之中,較佳為二氯甲烷。再者,該等鈍性有機溶劑可單獨使用或組合兩種以上而使用。
作為所使用之觸媒,較佳為相轉移觸媒,例如可列舉:三級胺或其鹽、四級銨鹽、四級鏻鹽等。
作為三級胺,例如可列舉:三乙胺、三丁胺、N,N-二甲基環己胺、吡啶、二甲基苯胺等,作為三級胺鹽,可列舉該等三級胺之鹽酸鹽、溴酸鹽等。
作為四級銨鹽,例如可列舉:氯化三甲基苄基銨、氯化三乙基苄基銨、氯化三丁基苄基銨、氯化三辛基甲基銨、氯化四丁基銨、溴化四丁基銨等。
作為四級鏻鹽,例如可列舉氯化四丁基鏻、溴化四丁基鏻等。
該等之中,較佳為三級胺,更佳為三乙胺。再者,該等觸媒可單獨使用或組合兩種以上而使用。
上述製造法之中,較佳為將下述通式(16)之雙氯甲酸酯用作中間物之方法。於通常之方法中,於製成聚碳酸酯時易於結晶化之雙酚等亦可藉由使用該方法,將聚合物中之單體序列控制為較廣範圍。因此,將下述通式(16)之雙氯甲酸酯用作原料之一而製造之聚碳酸酯樹脂的透明性或溶解性等變良好。
上述通式(16)中,R1、R2、X、n1、n2與上述通式(3)相同。n8表示雙氯甲酸酯低聚物之平均聚合數,其數值為1.0~1.99。
作為製造本發明之聚碳酸酯之方法,可列舉暫時合成上述雙氯甲酸酯之單體或其數量體之低聚物,其後,使後續添加之單體類反應之方法。此時,較佳為先使上述雙氯甲酸酯與含氟醇或矽氧烷原料反應。其原因在於:於使其與其他雙酚等單體類同時反應之情形時,微量之氟單體或矽氧烷單體於未反應之狀態下殘留於樹脂中,於成型時,有可能降低透明性下降等特性。
以如上所述之方式可獲得本發明之塗敷液的構成成分之聚碳酸酯樹脂。以如上所述之方式獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂溶劑的溶解性優異,可穩定地溶解於非鹵素系溶劑中。
本發明之含聚碳酸酯樹脂之塗敷液含有上述通式(1)所表示的聚碳酸酯樹脂及非鹵素系溶劑。
作為本發明之塗敷液所含之非鹵素系溶劑,就溶解性之觀點而言,較佳為選自芳香族系溶劑、醚系溶劑、酮系溶劑、醯胺系溶劑、及酯系溶劑中之至少一種。
作為芳香族系溶劑,例如可列舉:甲苯、二甲苯、苯甲
醚、三甲苯、其他芳香族系高沸點溶劑(例如「Ipzole(商品名,出光興產股份有限公司製造)」等市售品)等。
作為醚系溶劑,例如可列舉:四氫呋喃、二烷、環戊基單甲醚、乙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯(PMA,Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Acetate)、二乙二醇單丁醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單乙醚乙酸酯等。
作為酮系溶劑,例如可列舉:環己酮、甲基異丁基酮、甲基乙基酮、二異丁基酮等。
作為醯胺系溶劑,例如可列舉:二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基亞碸、二乙基甲醯胺等。
作為酯系溶劑,例如可列舉:乙酸乙酯、乙二醇乙醚、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸甲氧基丁酯、乙二醇乙醚乙酸酯、乙酸戊酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸異丙酯、乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸丁酯等。
該等非鹵素系溶劑可單獨使用或組合兩種以上而使用。
本發明之塗敷液之固形物成分濃度可根據所塗敷之膜厚或樹脂的分子量而適當地調整,較佳為1~50質量%,更佳為1~30質量%,進而較佳為5~20質量%。若為1質量%以上,則成形品之生產性變良好,若為50質量%以下,則抑制黏性之上升,而不會使成形品之製造變困難。
作為塗敷液所含之樹脂,可將與本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂不同之其他樹脂混合而使用。
又,可於本發明之塗敷液中調配各種添加劑。作為各種添加劑,可列舉:染料、顏料等著色劑,導電性材料、電
荷傳輸材、電子傳輸材、電洞傳輸材、電荷產生材等功能性化合物,無機或有機之填料,纖維、微粒子等填充材,抗氧化劑、紫外線吸收劑、光穩定劑、氧捕捉劑等樹脂用添加劑。
可使用本發明之含聚碳酸酯樹脂之塗敷液並使其成形而製作成形體。作為本發明之成形體,可列舉:藉由流延法使該塗敷液成形而成之鑄膜、及藉由塗佈法使該塗敷液所成形而成之塗膜等。
作為用以獲得該等成形體之塗敷液之塗敷方法,例如可列舉:棒式塗佈法、浸漬塗佈法、噴塗法、輥塗法、凹版塗佈法、軟板塗佈法、絲網塗佈法、旋塗法、流塗法等方法。
本發明之成形體之表面之水的接觸角為95度以上,具有優異之撥水性。又,本發明之成形體之表面之十六烷的接觸角為20度以上,具有優異之撥油性。再者,於本發明中,水及十六烷之接觸角係藉由實施例所記載的方法而測定之值。
又,本發明之成形體具有不易產生龜裂之柔軟性及附著性、良好之斷裂伸長等優異的特性。因此,本發明之成形體適合轉鼓或輥、傳送帶、電子照相感光體等用途。
例如於轉鼓或輥、傳送帶之表面作為塗層形成成形體,而製成具有成形體(塗層)之轉鼓或輥、傳送帶,藉此例如可用作帶電輥或顯影輥、轉印輥或轉印傳送帶等。
或者亦可將本發明之成形體用作電子照相方式之影印機或印表機等所使用之電子照相感光體的黏合劑樹脂,而製成具有成形體之電子照相感光體。
藉由使轉鼓或輥、傳送帶、電子照相感光體等至少包含本發明之成形體,可賦予根據各自用途之優異之特性(柔軟性、撥水性、表面潤滑性、耐磨耗性、透明性等)。再者,於本發明中,所謂「至少包含成形體」,不僅指一部分包含含有該成形體之構成之情形,亦指包含該成形體之情形。
作為鑄膜或塗膜之用途,例如可列舉:相位差膜,導電性膜,光波導,噴墨用塗膜,防污膜,觸控面板之表面塗層劑,或者手機或個人電腦、電器等殼體所使用之膜嵌入成型用膜等。
製造塗膜等積層成形體時所使用之基材並無特別限定,可列舉:聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯等塑膠,鋁等金屬,玻璃、紙、木質材、石材等無機材,電塗板,層壓板等。
該等用途之中,較佳為將其用作電子照相感光體之黏合劑樹脂。以下,對用於電子照相感光體之例進行詳細闡述。
作為本發明之電子照相感光體之形態,例如可列舉於導電性基體上具有感光層之電子照相感光體,且可視需要於導電性基體與感光層間具有底塗層或發揮電荷之阻斷作用之阻斷層,可視需要於感光層上具有導電性或絕緣性之保
護層,亦可於各層間設置接著層。
尤佳為製成具有包含至少一層之電荷產生層與至少一層之電荷傳輸層的感光層之電子照相感光體、或於包含一層之感光層上含有電荷產生物質與電荷傳輸物質之電子照相感光體。再者,於感光層具有電荷產生層與電荷傳輸層之兩層之情形時,可於電荷產生層上將電荷傳輸層積層,又,亦可於電荷傳輸層上將電荷產生層積層。
再者,各層之塗佈可使用公知之塗佈裝置進行,作為塗佈裝置,例如可列舉:敷料器、噴塗器、底塗機、刀片塗佈機(chip coater)、輥塗機、浸漬提拉塗膜機、刮刀等。
本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂可用於電子照相感光體中之任一部分,但為了充分地發揮本發明之效果,較佳為例如(1)用作電荷傳輸層中之電荷轉移物質之黏合樹脂,(2)用作單一之感光層之黏合樹脂,或(3)用作表面保護層用之樹脂。本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂可用於上述(1)~(3)中之一種用途,亦可用於兩種以上之用途。再者,於為具有兩層電荷傳輸層之多層型之電子照相感光體的情形時,較佳為用作至少一層電荷傳輸層之黏合樹脂。
於使用本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂製作電子照相感光體時,亦可視需要與本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂不同之其他樹脂混合而使用。於該情形時,相對於所混合之全部樹脂之本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂的含有比率較佳為20質量%以上,更佳為50質量%以上,進而較佳為80質量%以上,進而較佳為90質量%以上,更佳為實質上為100質量%。又,亦可視需要
於本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂中混合抗氧化劑等添加物。以下,對各層進行說明。
作為導電性基體之材料,可使用公知者。具體而言,可列舉:包含鋁、鎳、鉻、鈀、鈦、鉬、銦、金、鉑、銀、銅、鋅、黃銅、不鏽鋼、氧化鉛、氧化錫、氧化銦、ITO((Indium Tin Oxide)氧化銦錫;摻錫氧化銦)或石墨之板,轉鼓,片材;藉由蒸鍍、濺鍍、塗佈等進行塗覆等而實施導電處理之玻璃、布、紙或塑膠之膜、片材及無縫傳送帶;藉由電極氧化等進行金屬氧化處理之金屬轉鼓等。
電荷產生層係至少具有電荷產生物質者。該電荷產生層可藉由如下方式而獲得:於成為其底層之導電性基體上或其他層上藉由真空蒸鍍或濺鍍法等形成電荷產生物質之層,或於成為其底層之導電性基體上或其他層上形成藉由黏合樹脂黏合電荷產生物質而成之層。
於為後者之情形時,電荷產生層中之電荷產生物質與黏合樹脂之含有比率(質量比)[電荷產生物質/黏合樹脂]並無特別限制,較佳為20/80~80/20,更佳為30/70~70/30。
作為使用黏合樹脂之電荷產生層之形成方法,可使用公知之方法,較佳為可將藉由黏合樹脂及適當之溶劑使電荷產生物質分散或溶解而成之塗敷液塗佈於成為特定之底層的導電性基體上或其他層上,並使其乾燥而形成為濕式成形體之方法。
作為於製備塗敷液時使用之上述溶劑,例如可列舉:
苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯等芳香族系溶劑;丙酮、甲基乙基酮、環己酮等酮;甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇等醇;乙酸乙酯、乙二醇乙醚等酯;四氯化碳、四溴化碳、氯仿、二氯甲烷、四氯乙烷等鹵化烴;四氫呋喃、二氧雜環戊烷、二烷等醚;二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基亞碸、二乙基甲醯胺等。再者,該等溶劑可單獨使用或混合兩種以上而使用。
電荷產生層形成用之塗敷液之固形物成分濃度較佳為0.1~30質量%,更佳為0.1~20質量%。
電荷產生層之厚度較佳為0.01~2 μm,更佳為0.1~0.8 μm。若電荷產生層之厚度為0.01 μm以上,則可容易地以均勻之厚度形成層,若為2 μm以下,則無導致電子照相特性下降之虞。
作為電荷產生物質,可使用公知之各種者。具體而言,可列舉:非晶質硒或三方晶硒等硒單體、硒-碲等硒合金、As2Se3等硒化合物或含硒組合物、氧化鋅、包含CdS-Se等週期表第12族及第16族元素之無機材料、氧化鈦等氧化物系半導體、非晶矽等矽系材料、τ型無金屬酞菁或χ型無金屬酞菁等無金屬酞菁顏料、α型銅酞菁、β型銅酞菁、γ型銅酞菁、ε型銅酞菁、X型銅酞菁、A型氧鈦酞菁、B型氧鈦酞菁、C型氧鈦酞菁、D型氧鈦酞菁、E型氧鈦酞菁、F型氧鈦酞菁、G型氧鈦酞菁、H型氧鈦酞菁、K型氧鈦酞菁、L型氧鈦酞菁、M型氧鈦酞菁、N型氧鈦酞菁、Y型氧鈦酞菁、酞菁氧鈦、於X射線繞射圖中之黑色角2θ為
27.3±0.2度處顯示較強之繞射波峰的氧鈦酞菁、鎵酞菁等金屬酞菁顏料、花青染料、蒽顏料、雙偶氮顏料、芘顏料、多環醌顏料、喹吖啶酮顏料、靛藍顏料、苝顏料、吡喃鎓染料、方酸菁(squarylium)顏料、花蒽酮顏料、苯并咪唑顏料、偶氮顏料、硫代靛藍顏料、喹啉顏料、色澱顏料、顏料、二顏料、三苯甲烷顏料、薁鎓染料、三芳基甲烷染料、黃嘌呤染料、噻染料、硫代吡喃鎓染料、聚乙烯咔唑、雙苯并咪唑顏料等。再者,該等電荷產生物質可單獨使用或組合兩種以上而使用。該等之中,較佳為下述通式(i)~(iii)之任一者所表示之電荷產生物質。
上述通式(i)中,Z1~Z4分別獨立表示吡咯環上之兩個碳原子及可形成可具有取代基之芳香族烴環或雜環的原子團,M表示兩個氫原子或可具有配位子之金屬原子或金屬化合物。
上述通式(ii)中,Ar1表示具有可含有芳香族烴環或雜環之共軛系之t價殘基,t為1以上之整數,Cp表示具有芳香族系羥基之連接殘基。再者,於t為2以上之情形時,各Cp可相同亦可不同。
上述通式(iii)中,X1~X4分別獨立表示氧原子、硫原子、硒原子,RP、RQ表示碳數1~12之烷基或芳基,亦可藉由X1或X2與RP、X3或X4與RQ形成可具有取代基之雜環。
作為電荷產生層所使用之黏合樹脂,並無特別限制,可使用公知之各種者。具體而言,可列舉:聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯縮醛、醇酸樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂、聚丙烯腈、聚碳酸酯、聚胺基甲酸酯、環氧樹脂、苯酚樹脂、聚醯胺、聚酮、聚丙烯醯胺、丁醛樹脂、聚酯樹脂、偏二氯乙烯-氯乙烯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸系樹脂、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、偏二氯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯-順丁烯二酸酐共聚物、聚矽氧樹脂、聚矽氧-醇酸樹脂、苯酚-
甲醛樹脂、苯乙烯-醇酸樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂、聚醚樹脂、苯胍樹脂、環氧丙烯酸酯樹脂、丙烯酸胺基甲酸酯樹脂、聚-N-乙烯基咔唑、聚乙烯丁醛、聚乙烯甲醛、聚碸、酪蛋白、明膠、聚乙烯醇、乙基纖維素、硝基纖維素、羧基-甲基纖維素、偏二氯乙烯系聚合物乳膠、丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物、乙烯基甲苯-苯乙烯共聚物、大豆油改性醇酸樹脂、硝基化聚苯乙烯、聚甲基苯乙烯、聚異戊二烯、聚硫代碳酸酯、聚芳酯、聚鹵代芳酯、聚芳醚、聚丙烯酸乙烯酯、聚酯丙烯酸酯等。該等黏合樹脂可單獨使用或混合兩種以上而使用。又,作為該黏合樹脂,亦可單獨使用本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂或與上述黏合樹脂組合而使用。
關於電荷傳輸層,可藉由於成為底層之導電性基體上或其他層上形成利用黏合樹脂黏合電荷傳輸物質而成之層,形成為濕式成形體而獲得。
作為電荷傳輸層之形成方法,可使用公知之各種方式。較佳為例如將使電荷傳輸物質分散或溶解於聚碳酸酯樹脂混合物及適當之溶劑中而成之塗敷液塗佈於成為特定之底層的導電性基體上或其他層上,並進行乾燥,形成為濕式成形體而獲得之方法。
電荷傳輸層中之電荷傳輸物質與黏合樹脂之含有比率(質量比)[電荷傳輸物質:黏合樹脂]較佳為10:90~80:20,更佳為20:80~80:20,進而較佳為30:70~70:30。
再者,該黏合樹脂可含有本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂,亦可全部為本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂。
作為製備塗敷液時所使用之溶劑,可列舉與於形成電荷產生層之情形時所使用者相同之溶劑,較佳為醚,更佳為四氫呋喃。
電荷傳輸層形成用之塗敷液之固形物成分濃度較佳為0.1~30質量%,更佳為0.1~20質量%。
電荷傳輸層之厚度較佳為5~100 μm,更佳為10~30 μm。若電荷傳輸層之厚度為5 μm以上,則無初始電位下降之虞,若為100 μm以下,則電子照相特性變良好。
作為電荷傳輸物質,可使用公知之各種化合物。作為此種化合物,可列舉:咔唑化合物、吲哚化合物、咪唑化合物、唑化合物、吡唑化合物、二唑化合物、吡唑啉化合物、噻二唑化合物、苯胺化合物、腙化合物、芳香族胺化合物、脂肪族胺化合物、茋化合物、茀酮化合物、丁二烯化合物、烯胺系化合物、醌化合物、喹啉二甲烷化合物、噻唑化合物、三唑化合物、咪唑酮化合物、咪唑啶化合物、雙咪唑啶化合物、唑啉酮化合物、苯并噻唑化合物、苯并咪唑化合物、喹唑啉化合物、苯并呋喃化合物、吖啶化合物、啡化合物、聚-N-乙烯基咔唑、聚乙烯芘、聚乙烯蒽、聚乙烯吖啶、聚-9-乙烯基苯基蒽、芘-甲醛樹脂、乙基咔唑樹脂、或於主鏈或側鏈上具有該等結構
之聚合物等。再者,該等電荷傳輸物質可單獨使用或組合兩種以上而使用。
該等電荷傳輸物質之中,較佳為日本專利特開平11-172003公報之段落[0121]~[0166]所例示之化合物、及以下之結構所表示之電荷傳輸物質。
作為電荷傳輸層之黏合樹脂,並無特別限制,除本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂以外,亦可使用公知之樹脂。作為此種公知之黏合樹脂,可列舉與於上述電荷產生層中使用之樹脂相同者。再者,黏合樹脂可單獨使用或混合兩種以上而使用。
尤佳為使用本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂作為電荷傳輸層中之黏合樹脂。於將本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂用作電荷傳輸層中之黏合樹脂的情形時,可單獨將本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂作為黏合樹脂,亦可與其他黏合樹脂混合而使用。
相對於全部黏合樹脂之本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂混合物的含有比率較佳為20~100質量%,更佳為50~100質量%,更佳為80~100質量%,進而較佳為90~100質量%,更佳為實質上為100質量%。
再者,於電子照相感光體中,較佳為於電荷產生層及電荷傳輸層之至少一者中使用本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂作為黏合樹脂。
於電子照相感光體中,可於上述導電性基體與感光層間設置如通常使用之底塗層。
作為該底塗層之材料,例如可使用氧化鈦、氧化鋁、氧化鋯、鈦酸、鋯酸、鑭鉛、鈦黑、二氧化矽、鈦酸鉛、鈦酸鋇、氧化錫、氧化銦、氧化矽等無機微粒子,聚醯胺樹脂、苯酚樹脂、酪蛋白、三聚氰胺樹脂、苯胍樹脂、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、纖維素、硝基纖維素、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯丁醛樹脂等樹脂。又,作為該底塗層所使用之樹脂,可使用於上述電荷產生層或電荷傳輸層中可使用之黏合樹脂,亦可使用本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂。該等無機微粒子或樹脂可單獨使用或混合兩種以上而使用。於以兩種以上之混合物之形式而使用的情形時,就形成平滑性較佳之皮膜之觀點而言,較佳為將無機微粒子與樹脂併用。
於具有底塗層之情形時,底塗層之厚度較佳為0.01~10 μm,更佳為0.1~7 μm。若底塗層之厚度為0.01 μm以上,則容易均勻地形成底塗層,又,若為10 μm以下,則電子照相特性變良好。
可於上述導電性基體與感光層間設置如通常使用之公知之阻斷層。作為該阻斷層所使用之黏合樹脂,可使用於上述電荷產生層或電荷傳輸層中可使用之黏合樹脂,亦可使用本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂。
於具有阻斷層之情形時,阻斷層之厚度較佳為0.01~20 μm,更佳為0.1~10 μm。若阻斷層之厚度為0.01 μm以上,
則容易均勻地形成阻斷層,又,若為20 μm以下,則電子照相特性變良好。
進而,於電子照相感光體中,亦可於感光層上具有保護層。於該保護層中,可使用於上述電荷產生層或電荷傳輸層中可使用之黏合樹脂,亦可使用本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂。
於在感光層上具有保護層之情形時,保護層之厚度較佳為0.01~20 μm,更佳為0.1~10 μm。再者,亦可於該保護層中含有上述電荷產生物質、上述電荷傳輸物質、添加劑、金屬或其氧化物、氮化物、鹽、合金、碳黑、有機導電性化合物等導電性材料。
進而,為了提昇該電子照相感光體之性能,亦可於感光層中添加結合劑、塑化劑、硬化觸媒、流動性賦予劑、針孔控制劑、分光感光度增感劑(增感染料)等。又,基於防止針對重複使用之殘留電位之增加、帶電電位之下降、感光度之下降之目的,可添加各種化學物質,例如抗氧化劑、界面活性劑、防捲曲劑、調平劑等添加劑。
作為上述結合劑,例如可列舉:聚矽氧樹脂、聚醯胺樹脂、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂、聚酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、聚酮樹脂、聚碳酸酯樹脂、聚苯乙烯樹脂、聚甲基丙烯酸酯樹脂、聚丙烯醯胺樹脂、聚丁二烯樹脂、聚異戊二烯樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂、苯胍樹脂、聚氯丁二烯樹脂、聚丙烯腈
樹脂、乙基纖維素樹脂、硝基纖維素樹脂、脲樹脂、苯酚樹脂、苯氧基樹脂、聚乙烯丁醛樹脂、甲醛樹脂、乙酸乙烯酯樹脂、乙酸乙烯酯/氯乙烯共聚樹脂、聚酯碳酸酯樹脂等。又,亦可使用熱硬化性樹脂及/或光硬化性樹脂。總之,係可利用電氣絕緣性於通常之狀態下形成皮膜之樹脂,只要為不損及本發明之效果之範圍內,則並無特別限制。
作為上述塑化劑,例如可列舉:聯苯、氯化聯苯、鄰聯三苯、鹵化石蠟、二甲基萘、鄰苯二甲酸二甲酯、鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯、鄰苯二甲酸二辛酯、二乙二醇鄰苯二甲酸酯、磷酸三苯酯、己二酸二異丁酯、癸二酸二甲酯、癸二酸二丁酯、月桂酸丁酯、甲基鄰苯二甲醯基乙醇酸乙酯、鄰苯二甲酸二甲基二醇酯、甲基萘、二苯基酮、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、氟化烴等。
作為硬化觸媒,例如可列舉:甲磺酸、十二烷基苯磺酸、二壬基萘二磺酸等。
作為流動性賦予劑,例如可列舉:Modaflow、Acronal 4F等。
作為針孔控制劑,例如可列舉:安息香、鄰苯二甲酸二甲酯等。
以上之塑化劑、硬化觸媒、流動賦予劑、針孔控制劑之各自的含量相對於上述電荷傳輸物質100質量份,較佳為5質量份以下,更佳為3質量份以下。
又,於使用增感染料作為分光感光度增感劑之情形時,
較佳為例如甲基紫、結晶紫、夜藍、維多利亞藍等三苯甲烷系染料,赤藻紅、玫瑰紅B、玫瑰紅3R、吖啶橙、螢光黃等吖啶染料,亞甲基藍、亞甲基綠等噻染料,卡普裏藍、麥爾多拉藍等染料,花青染料,部花青素染料,苯乙烯基染料,吡喃鎓鹽染料,噻喃鎓鹽染料等。
分光感光度增感劑之含量相對於上述電荷傳輸物質100質量份,較佳為5質量份以下,更佳為3質量份以下。
作為抗氧化劑,較佳為受阻酚系抗氧化劑、芳香族胺系抗氧化劑、受阻胺系抗氧化劑、硫醚系抗氧化劑、有機磷酸系抗氧化劑等。作為此種抗氧化劑之具體例,可列舉日本專利特開平11-172003號公報之說明書所記載之化學式([化94]~[化101])的化合物等。再者,該等抗氧化劑可單獨使用或組合兩種以上而使用。
於在感光層中含有抗氧化劑之情形時,該抗氧化劑之含量相對於上述電荷傳輸物質100質量份,較佳為0.01~10質量份,更佳為0.1~2質量份。又,抗氧化劑除感光層以外,亦可於底塗層、阻斷層或表面保護層中含有。
就感光度之提昇、殘留電位之減少、反覆使用時之疲勞減輕等觀點而言,較佳為向感光層中添加電子受容性物質。
作為電子受容性物質,較佳為例如琥珀酸酐、順丁烯二酸酐、二溴順丁烯二酸酐、鄰苯二甲酸酐、四氯鄰苯二甲酸酐、四溴鄰苯二甲酸酐、3-硝基鄰苯二甲酸酐、4-硝基鄰苯二甲酸酐、均苯四甲酸二酐、苯六甲酸酐、四氰乙
烯、四氰基喹啉二甲烷、鄰二硝基苯、間二硝基苯、1,3,5-三硝基苯、對硝基苄腈、苦基氯、醌氯亞胺、四氯醌、四溴對苯醌、苯醌、2,3-二氯苯醌、二氯二氰基對苯醌、萘醌、聯苯醌、Tropoquinone、蒽醌、1-氯蒽醌、二硝基蒽醌、4-硝基二苯基酮、4,4'-二硝基二苯基酮、4-硝基亞苄基丙二腈、α-氰基-β-(對氰基苯基)丙烯酸乙酯、9-蒽基甲基丙二腈、1-氰基-(對硝基苯基)-2-(對氯苯基)乙烯、2,7-二硝基茀酮、2,4,7-三硝基茀酮、2,4,5,7-四硝基茀酮、9-亞茀基-(二氰基亞甲基丙二腈)、聚硝基-9-亞茀基-(二氰基亞甲基丙二腈)、苦味酸、鄰硝基苯甲酸、對硝基苯甲酸、3,5-二硝基苯甲酸、五氟苯甲酸、5-硝基水楊酸、3,5-二硝基水楊酸、苯二甲酸、苯六甲酸等電子親和力較大之化合物。
電子受容性物質可於感光層中之電荷產生層、電荷傳輸層之任一者中含有。
於在感光層中含有電子受容性物質之情形時,該電子受容性物質之含量相對於電荷產生物質或電荷傳輸物質100質量份,較佳為0.01~200質量份,更佳為0.1~50質量份。
又,就表面性之改良之觀點而言,亦可向感光層中添加表面改質劑。
作為表面改質劑,例如可列舉:四氟乙烯樹脂、三氟氯乙烯樹脂、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯樹脂、氟乙烯樹脂、偏二氟乙烯樹脂、二氟二氯乙烯樹脂及該等之共聚物、氟系接枝聚合物等。
於在感光層中含有表面改質劑之情形時,該表面改質劑之含量相對於黏合樹脂100質量份,較佳為0.1~60質量份,更佳為5~40質量份。若為0.1質量份以上,則表面耐久性、表面能量下降等表面改質變充分,若為60質量份以下,則無導致電子照相特性下降之虞。
電子照相感光體之感光層可使用上述電荷產生物質、電荷傳輸物質、添加劑等而容易地形成。
電子照相感光體中之感光層之厚度較佳為5~100 μm,更佳為8~50 μm。若感光層之厚度為5 μm以上,則初始電位容易升高,若為100 μm以下,則電子照相特性變良好。
關於以如上所述之方式獲得之使用本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂的電子照相感光體,於在感光層中含有該聚碳酸酯樹脂之情形時,於製作感光層時,塗敷液不會產生白濁,亦不會產生凝膠化。又,透明性、耐磨耗性(耐久性)優異,且表現出優異之電子照相特性,而可長期維持優異之電子照相特性。
再者,於使用電子照相感光體時,帶電可使用電暈放電(電暈管、柵格電極)、接觸帶電(帶電輥、帶電刷)等。又,曝光可採用鹵素燈或螢光燈、雷射(半導體、He-Ne)、LED(Light Emitting Diode,發光二極體)、感光體內部曝光方式之任一種。顯影可使用級聯顯影、雙成分磁刷顯影、單成分絕緣增色劑顯影、單成分導電增色劑顯影等乾式顯影方式或濕式顯影方式。轉印可使用電暈轉印、輥轉印、傳送帶轉印等靜電轉印法或壓力轉印法、黏著轉印
法。固定可使用熱輥固定、輻射快速固定、開放式固定、壓力固定等。進而,清潔、去靜電可使用清潔刷、磁力清潔刷、靜電清潔刷、清潔磁輥、清潔刮刀及省略了清潔者等。又,作為增色劑用之樹脂,可應用苯乙烯系樹脂、苯乙烯-丙烯酸系共聚樹脂、聚酯、環氧樹脂、環狀烴之聚合物等。增色劑之形狀可為球形亦可為不定形,亦可應用控制為固定形狀(旋轉橢圓體狀、馬鈴薯狀等)者。增色劑可為粉碎型增色劑、懸濁聚合增色劑、乳化聚合增色劑、化學造粒增色劑或酯拉伸增色劑之任一種。
藉由以下之實施例,更具體地說明本發明,但本發明並不限定於該等實施例。
再者,於各例中獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂之還原黏度、化學結構與共聚合組成、及於各例中獲得之膜的特性係根據如下所示之方法而測定。
製備聚碳酸酯樹脂之溶液(溶劑:二氯甲烷,濃度:0.5 g/dl),於20℃下測定還原黏度[ηSP/C]。還原黏度之測定係使用自動黏度測定裝置「VMR-052USPC」(機型名,離合公司製造),並藉由自動黏度用烏式改良型黏度計(RM型)而測定。
使用質子核磁共振分光(1H-NMR(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance))裝置(日本電子股份有限公司製造,機型名
「JNM-AL400」),決定聚碳酸酯樹脂之化學結構與共聚合組成。
使用日本電飾NDH5000作為測定裝置,並依據JIS K7136進行測定。
使用接觸角測定裝置(協和界面科學股份有限公司製造,機型名「DM700」),測定相對於水及十六烷之接觸角。再者,相對於水及十六烷之接觸角越大,表示表面之撥水性、撥油性越高。
使用表面性能試驗機「HEIDON TYPE14DR」(機型名,新東科學股份有限公司製造),於鋼珠(steel ball)、荷重50 g之條件下,對測定壓頭測定靜摩擦係數及動摩擦係數。
對所獲得之膜樣品之壓鑄面的耐磨耗性使用斯加磨耗試驗機「NUS-ISO-3型」(機型名,斯加試驗機公司製造)進行評價。試驗條件係使用3 μm之研磨紙,並於荷重500 g、2000次之條件下進行評價。測定膜樣品之質量減少量,將其作為耐久性之指標。
對所獲得之膜樣品之壓鑄面的耐磨耗性使用Taber磨耗試驗機「Rotary Abrasion Tester TS」(機型名,東洋精機
公司製造)進行評價。試驗條件係使用磨耗輪CS-10F,並於荷重500 g、旋轉500次之條件下進行評價。測定膜樣品之質量減少量,並將其作為耐久性之指標。
使1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環己烷(雙酚Z)73.0 g(0.272 mol)懸濁於二氯甲烷410 mL中,向其中添加三乙胺55.3 g(0.546 mol)並使之溶解。將所獲得之溶液於14~18.5℃下花費2小時50分鐘滴加至使碳醯氯54.5 g(0.551 mol)溶解於二氯甲烷225 mL中而成之液體中。於18.5℃~19℃下攪拌1小時後,於10~22℃下餾去二氯甲烷250 mL。向殘液中添加純水73 mL、濃鹽酸4.5 mL、亞硫酸氫鹽0.47 g並洗淨。其後,以純水330 mL反覆洗淨4次,而獲得於分子末端具有氯甲酸酯基之雙酚Z雙氯甲酸酯之二氯甲烷溶液。所獲得之溶液之氯甲酸酯濃度為1.1 mol/L,固形物成分濃度為0.22 kg/L,平均聚合數為1.1。
再者,平均聚合數(n')係使用以下之數式而求出。
平均聚合數(n')=1+(Mav-M1)/M2
(於上述式中,Mav為2×1000/CF價[CF價(N/kg)=CF值/濃
度,CF值(N)=於反應溶液1 L中含有之下述通式(a)所表示之雙氯甲酸酯化合物中的氯分子數。濃度(kg/L)=濃縮1 L反應溶液獲得之固形物成分之量]。M1係於下述通式(a)中,n=1之時之雙氯甲酸酯化合物的分子量。又,M2為M1-98.92(98.92係因雙氯甲酸酯化合物彼此之縮聚合而脫離之兩個氯原子、一個氧原子及一個碳原子的合計原子量))。
於反應容器中裝著機械攪拌器、攪拌翼、隔板,並注入上述合成之雙酚Z雙氯甲酸酯(24 mL)與二氯甲烷(36 mL)。向其中添加2,2-二氟-2-(全氟己氧基)乙醇0.13 g作為末端封端劑,以充分混合之方式加以攪拌。
向該溶液中添加另外製備之聯苯酚單體溶液(製備2 N之氫氧化鈉水溶液10 mL,於冷卻至室溫以下後,作為抗氧化劑,添加亞硫酸氫鹽0.1 g及4,4'-聯苯酚2.6 g,並使之完全溶解而獲得之溶液)約7 ml,進行冷卻直至反應器內之溫度成為15℃後,一面攪拌,一面添加三乙胺水溶液(7體積%)0.2 mL,並繼續攪拌15分鐘。其後,投入剩餘之聯苯酚
單體溶液,進而繼續攪拌1小時。
利用二氯甲烷0.2 L及水0.1 L稀釋所獲得之反應混合物,並進行洗淨。將下層分離,進而以利用水0.1 L進行1次、利用0.03 N鹽酸0.1 L進行1次、利用水0.1 L進行5次之順序洗淨。將所獲得之二氯甲烷溶液一面攪拌,一面滴加投入至加熱至約70℃之水與2-丙醇之混合液(容量比3:2)中,使二氯甲烷蒸發並獲得樹脂固形物成分。藉由過濾所獲得之樹脂固形物成分並進行乾燥,而製造上述結構之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-1)。
以如上所述之方式獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-1)的還原黏度[ηsp/C]為1.1 dl/g,並利用NMR分析確認為包含上述重複單元及組成之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-1)。
一面混合使1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環己烷(雙酚Z)0.2 kg溶解於16質量%之氫氧化鉀水溶液1.2 kg中而成之溶液與二氯甲烷1.4 kg,並進行攪拌,一面於冷卻下,以1 L/分鐘之比率向液體中吹入碳醯氯氣體直至pH值成為9以下。繼而,將該反應液靜置分離,而於有機層中獲得聚合為度
2~6、且於分子末端具有氯甲酸酯基之雙酚Z雙氯甲酸酯低聚物之二氯甲烷溶液。所獲得之溶液之氯甲酸酯濃度為0.41 mol/L,固形物成分濃度為0.20 kg/L。
繼而,使上述雙酚Z雙氯甲酸酯低聚物溶液349 ml溶解於二氯甲烷112 ml中,進而,於添加末端封端劑之2,2-二氟-2-(全氟己氧基)乙醇3.5 g後,添加2 mol/L濃度之氫氧化鈉水溶液38 ml,作為觸媒,添加7質量%濃度之三乙胺水溶液0.5 ml,並遽烈地攪拌15分鐘。其後,向該溶液中添加使4,4'-聯苯酚8.8 g溶解於2 mol/L濃度之氫氧化鈉水溶液90 ml中而成之液體。繼而,一面遽烈地攪拌所獲得之混合液,一面追加7質量%濃度之三乙胺水溶液1.0 ml作為觸媒。於15℃下於攪拌下進行反應1.5小時。反應結束後,利用二氯甲烷1000 ml稀釋反應生成物,繼而,以利用水200 ml進行2次、利用0.01 mol/L濃度之鹽酸200 ml進行1次、進而利用水200 ml進行2次之順序洗淨之後,與實施例1同樣地將有機層滴加至加熱至約70℃之水與2-丙醇之混合液(容量比3:2)中,而獲得如上所示之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-2)。
以如上所述之方式獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-2)的還原黏度[ηsp/C]為0.6 dl/g,利用NMR分析確認為包含上述重複單元及組成之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-2)。
使於實施例2中合成之上述雙酚Z雙氯甲酸酯低聚物溶液349 ml溶解於二氯甲烷112 ml中,進而,於添加末端封端劑之2,2-二氟-2-(全氟己氧基)乙醇3.8 g及下述結構之兩末端丁香酚改性聚二甲基矽氧烷(PDMS-1,Polydimethylsiloxane-1)1.6 g後,添加2 mol/L濃度之氫氧化鉀水溶液18 ml,作為觸媒,添加7質量%濃度之三乙胺水溶液0.5 ml,並遽烈地攪拌15分鐘。其後,向該溶液中添加使1,1-雙(3-甲基-4-羥基)環己烷14 g溶解於2 mol/L濃度之氫氧化鉀水溶液138 ml中而成之液體。繼而,一面遽烈地攪拌所獲得之混合液,一面追加7質量%濃度之三乙胺水溶液1.0 ml作為觸媒。於15℃下於攪拌下進行反應1.5小時。反應結束後,利用二氯甲烷1000 ml稀釋反應生成物,繼而,以利用水200 ml進行2次、利用0.01 mol/L濃度之鹽酸200 ml進行1次、進而利用水200 ml進行2次之順序洗淨之後,與實施例1同樣地將有機層滴加至加熱至約70℃之水與2-丙醇之混合液(容量比3:2)中,而獲得如上所示之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-3)。
以如上所述之方式獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-3)的還原黏度[ηsp/C]為0.4 dl/g,利用NMR分析確認為包含上述重複單元及組成之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-3)。
一面混合使2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)丁烷(雙酚B)92 g與9,9-二(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)茀144 g溶解於16質量%之氫氧化鉀水溶液1.2 kg中而成之溶液與二氯甲烷1.4 kg,並進行攪拌,一面於冷卻下,以1 L/分鐘之比率向液體中吹入碳醯氯氣體直至pH值成為9以下。繼而,將該反應液靜置分離,於有機層中獲得聚合度為2~6、且於分子末端具有氯甲酸酯基之雙酚B-9,9-二(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)茀共雙氯甲酸酯低聚物之二氯甲烷溶液。所獲得之溶液之氯甲酸酯濃度為0.41 mol/L,固形物成分濃度為0.25 kg/L。
繼而,使上述雙酚B-9,9-二(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)茀共雙氯甲酸酯低聚物溶液358 ml溶解於二氯甲烷189 ml中,進
而,於添加末端封端劑之2,2-二氟-2-(全氟己氧基)乙醇2.5 g後,添加2 mol/L濃度之氫氧化鉀水溶液60 ml,作為觸媒,添加7質量%濃度之三乙胺水溶液0.8 ml,並遽烈地攪拌15分鐘。其後,向該溶液中添加使雙酚B 6.1 g與9,9-二(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)茀9.7 g溶解於2 mol/L濃度之氫氧化鉀水溶液140 ml中而成之液體。繼而,一面遽烈地攪拌所獲得之混合液,一面追加7質量%濃度之三乙胺水溶液1.0 ml作為觸媒。於15℃下於攪拌下進行反應1.5小時。反應結束後,利用二氯甲烷1000 ml稀釋反應生成物,繼而,以利用水200 ml進行2次、利用0.01 mol/L濃度之鹽酸200 ml進行1次、進而利用水200 ml進行2次之順序洗淨之後,與實施例1同樣地將有機層滴加至加熱至約70℃之水與2-丙醇之混合液(容積比3:2)中,而獲得如上所示之聚碳酸酯樹脂(B-1)。
以如上所述之方式獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂(B-1)的還原黏度[ηsp/C]為0.6 dl/g,利用NMR分析確認為包含上述重複單元及組成之聚碳酸酯樹脂(B-1)。
一面混合使1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環己烷(雙酚Z)120 g與9,9-二(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)茀115 g溶解於16質量%之氫氧化鉀水溶液1.2 kg中而成之溶液與二氯甲烷1.4 kg,並進行攪拌,一面於冷卻下,以1 L/分鐘之比率向液體中吹入碳醯氯氣體直至pH值成為9以下。繼而,將該反應液靜置分離,於有機層中獲得聚合度為2~6、且於分子末端具有氯甲酸酯基之雙酚Z-9,9-二(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)茀共雙氯甲酸酯低聚物之二氯甲烷溶液。所獲得之溶液之氯甲酸酯濃度為0.21 mol/L,固形物成分濃度為0.21 kg/L。
繼而,使上述雙酚Z-9,9-二(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)茀共雙氯甲酸酯低聚物溶液377 ml溶解於二氯甲烷166 ml中,進而,於添加末端封端劑之2,2-二氟-2-(全氟己氧基)乙醇1.5 g及上述(PDMS-1)1.2 g後,添加2 mol/L濃度之氫氧化鉀水溶液60 ml,作為觸媒,添加7質量%濃度之三乙胺水溶液0.8 ml,並遽烈地攪拌15分鐘。其後,向該溶液中添加使9,9-二(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)茀11 g溶解於2 mol/L濃度之氫氧化鉀水溶液140 ml中而成之液體。繼而,一面遽烈地攪拌所獲得之混合液,一面追加7質量%濃度之三乙胺水溶液1.0 ml作為觸媒。於15℃下於攪拌下進行反應1.5小時。反應結束後,利用二氯甲烷1000 ml稀釋反應生成物,繼而,以利用水200 ml進行2次、利用0.01 mol/L濃度之鹽酸200 ml進行1次、進而利用水200 ml進行2次之順序洗淨之後,與實施例1同樣地將有機層滴加至加熱至約70℃之水
與2-丙醇之混合液(容積比3:2)中,而獲得如上所示之聚碳酸酯樹脂(B-2)。
以如上所述之方式獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂(B-2)的還原黏度[ηsp/C]為0.7 dl/g,利用NMR分析確認為包含上述重複單元及組成之聚碳酸酯樹脂(B-2)。
於實施例1中,除使用2,2-二氟-2-(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟-2-(三氟甲基)丙氧基)乙氧基)乙醇代替2,2-二氟-2-(全氟己氧基)乙醇0.13 g以外,與實施例1同樣地進行合成,而獲得如上所示之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-4)。
以如上所述之方式獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-4)的還原黏度[ηsp/C]為1.1 dl/g,利用NMR分析確認為包含上述重複單元及組成之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-4)。
於實施例1中,除使用1,1-雙(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)環己烷(雙酚Z)代替1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環己烷(雙酚Z)以外,與實
施例1同樣地進行合成,而獲得如上所示之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-5)。
以如上所述之方式獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-5)的還原黏度[ηsp/C]為1.0 dl/g,利用NMR分析確認為包含上述重複單元及組成之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-5)。
於實施例2中,除使用2,2-雙(3-甲基-4-羥基苯基)丙烷代替1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環己烷(雙酚Z),使用4,4'-二羥基二苯醚代替4,4'-聯苯酚,進而使用2,2-二氟-2-(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟-2-(三氟甲基)丙氧基)乙氧基)乙醇代替2,2-二氟-2-(全氟己氧基)乙醇以外,與實施例2同樣地進行合成,而獲得如上所示之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-6)。
以如上所述之方式獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-6)的還原黏度[ηsp/C]為0.5 dl/g,利用NMR分析確認為包含上述重複單元及組成之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-6)。
於實施例2中,除使用2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)六氟丙烷代替1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環己烷(雙酚Z),使用2,2-二氟-2-(1,1,2,2-四氟-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟-2-(三氟甲基)丙氧基)乙氧基)乙醇代替2,2-二氟-2-(全氟己氧基)乙醇以外,與實施例2同樣地進行合成,而獲得如上所示之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-7)。
以如上所述之方式獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-7)的還原黏度[ηsp/C]為0.5 dl/g,利用NMR分析確認為包含上述重複單元及組成之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-7)。
於上述實施例1中,除將所添加之「2,2-二氟-2-(全氟己氧基)乙醇0.13 g」變更為「對第三丁基苯酚0.04 g」以外,以同樣之方式獲得如上所示之聚碳酸酯樹脂(C-1)。所獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂(C-1)之還原黏度[ηsp/C]為1.1。
於上述實施例2中,除將所添加之「2,2-二氟-2-(全氟己氧基)乙醇0.13 g」變更為「4-(全氟辛基)苯酚4.1 g」以外,以同樣之方式獲得如上所示之聚碳酸酯樹脂(C-2)。所獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂(C-2)之還原黏度[ηsp/C]為0.7。
於上述實施例5中,除不添加(PDMS-1),並將「2,2-二氟-2-(全氟己氧基)乙醇1.5 g」變更為「對第三丁基苯酚0.5 g」以外,以同樣之方式獲得如上所示之聚碳酸酯樹脂(C-3)。所獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂(C-3)之還原黏度[ηsp/C]為0.7。
於上述實施例4中,除將所添加之「2,2-二氟-2-(全氟己氧基)乙醇2.5 g」變更為「2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-十二氟庚
烷-1-醇2.0 g」以外,以同樣之方式獲得如上所示之聚碳酸酯樹脂(C-4)。所獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂(C-4)之還原黏度[ηsp/C]為0.7。
製備使實施例1中合成之樹脂(A-1)溶解於甲苯中而成之塗敷液。利用敷料器將其以乾燥後之膜厚成為20 μm之方式塗佈於聚碳酸酯膜(SUMITOMO BAKELITE公司製造,製品名「POLICA ACE」,厚度0.3 mm)上,並進行乾燥而製作膜樣品。對於該膜樣品,藉由上述測定方法評價霧值、相對於水及十六烷之接觸角、摩擦係數。將其結果示於表1中。
於實施例10中,除使用於實施例2中合成之樹脂(A-2)代替樹脂(A-1)以外,以同樣之方式製作膜樣品,並進行各評價。將結果示於表1中。
於實施例10中,除使用於實施例3中合成之樹脂(A-3)代替樹脂(A-1)以外,以同樣之方式製作膜樣品,並進行各評價。將結果示於表1中。
於實施例10中,除使用於實施例4中合成之樹脂(B-1)代替樹脂(A-1)以外,以同樣之方式製作膜樣品,並進行各評價。將結果示於表1中。
於實施例10中,除使用於實施例5中合成之樹脂(B-2)代替樹脂(A-1)以外,以同樣之方式製作膜樣品,並進行各評價。將結果示於表1中。
於實施例10中,除使用於實施例6中合成之樹脂(A-4)代替樹脂(A-1)以外,以同樣之方式製作膜樣品,並進行各評價。將結果示於表1中。
於實施例10中,除使用於實施例7中合成之樹脂(A-5)代替樹脂(A-1)以外,以同樣之方式製作膜樣品,並進行各評價。將結果示於表1中。
於實施例10中,除使用於實施例8中合成之樹脂(A-6)代替樹脂(A-1)以外,以同樣之方式製作膜樣品,並進行各評價。將結果示於表1中。
於實施例10中,除使用於實施例9中合成之樹脂(A-7)代替樹脂(A-1)以外,以同樣之方式製作膜樣品,並進行各評價。將結果示於表1中。
於實施例10中,除使用於比較例1中合成之樹脂(C-1)代替樹脂(A-1)以外,以同樣之方式製作膜樣品,並進行各評價。將結果示於表1中。
於實施例10中,除使用於比較例2中合成之樹脂(C-2)代替樹脂(A-1)以外,以同樣之方式製作膜樣品,並進行各評價。將結果示於表1中。
於實施例10中,除使用於比較例3中合成之樹脂(C-3)代替樹脂(A-1)以外,以同樣之方式製作膜樣品,並進行各評價。將結果示於表1中。
於實施例10中,除使用於比較例4中合成之樹脂(C-4)代替樹脂(A-1)以外,以同樣之方式製作膜樣品,並進行各評價。將結果示於表1中。
根據表1之結果可知:使用本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂製作之實施例10~18之膜具有優異之透明性,且表現出良好之撥水性及撥油性,進而,摩擦係數較低,表面潤滑性優異。另一方面,比較例5~8之膜獲得上述任一者均較差之結果。
對上述實施例10~18、及於比較例5~8中製作之各膜樣品,基於上述方法進行斯加磨耗試驗,並測定關於試驗後之各膜樣品之磨耗量及磨耗後之接觸角及摩擦係數。將結果示於表2中。
根據表2之結果,關於塗佈有包含本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂之塗敷液的塗膜,由於耐磨耗性亦優異,於磨耗後亦具有良好之撥水及撥油性,且摩擦係數亦較低,故而表面潤滑性亦良好。
使用蒸鍍有鋁金屬之聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯樹脂膜(東麗製造之Metalme)作為導電性基體,於其表面上依序將電荷
產生層與電荷傳輸層積層而製造形成有積層型感光層之電子照相感光體。使用酞菁氧鈦0.5質量份作為電荷產生物質,並使用丁醛樹脂0.5質量份作為黏合樹脂。將該等添加至溶劑之二氯甲烷19質量份中,藉由球磨機使其分散,藉由棒式塗佈機將該分散液塗敷於上述導電性基體膜表面,並進行乾燥,藉此形成膜厚約0.5 μm之電荷產生層。
繼而,使作為電荷傳輸物質之下述式所表示之芳香族胺化合物(CTM-1)0.5 g、以及作為黏合樹脂之實施例1所獲得之聚碳酸酯樹脂(A-1)0.5 g分散於四氫呋喃10 ml中而製備塗敷液。藉由敷料器將以上述方式而獲得之塗敷液塗佈於上述電荷產生層上,並進行乾燥,藉此形成膜厚約20 μm之電荷傳輸層,而製作電子照相感光體。
對於所獲得之電子照相感光體,如上所述般進行耐磨耗性之評價。將其結果示於表2中。
於實施例28中,除使用於比較例1中獲得之樹脂(C-1)代替樹脂(A-1)以外,以同樣之方式製作電子照相感光體,並進行耐磨耗性之評價。將其結果示於表3中。
根據表3之結果可知:使用本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂製作之實施例28之電子照相感光體與比較例13的感光體相比,磨耗量較小,耐摩擦性優異。又,撥水性或表面潤滑性亦良好,於磨耗後亦同時保持優異之撥水性及表面潤滑性。
可使具有本發明之特定結構之聚碳酸酯樹脂溶解於各種非鹵素系有機溶劑中而形成均勻溶液,且將該溶液用作塗敷液而形成之成形體可成為透明性優異,表現出良好之撥水性或撥油性,進而,摩擦係數減小且表面潤滑性優異,又,耐磨耗性亦優異之成形體。
因此,本發明之聚碳酸酯樹脂可應用於電子照相感光體或帶電輥或顯影輥、或該等之傳送帶等表面的塗層材料。又,亦可應用於聚碳酸酯製、聚酯製、丙烯酸系製等光學膜或玻璃等之表面之塗佈。
Claims (17)
- 一種聚碳酸酯樹脂,其係由下述通式(1)所表示,
- 如請求項1之聚碳酸酯樹脂,其中上述通式(2)中,Rf2為碳數1~5之直鏈或支鏈之全氟烷基。
- 如請求項1或2之聚碳酸酯樹脂,其中上述通式(1)中之W進而具有含有機矽氧烷之基。
- 如請求項3之聚碳酸酯樹脂,其中上述含有機矽氧烷之基係具有下述通式(6)所表示之結構之二價基,[化5]
- 如請求項1或2之聚碳酸酯樹脂,其中上述通式(1)所表示之聚碳酸酯樹脂包含下述通式(7)~(13)所表示之結構單元中之至少一種,
- 如請求項1或2之聚碳酸酯樹脂,其係將下述通式(14)、 (15)、(15a)所表示之含氟醇之任一者用作末端封端劑而製造,
- 如請求項1或2之聚碳酸酯樹脂,其係將下述式所表示之含氟醇之任一者用作末端封端劑而製造,
- 如請求項1或2之聚碳酸酯樹脂,其係將下述通式(16)所表示之雙氯甲酸酯低聚物用作原料之一而製造,[化9]
- 一種含聚碳酸酯樹脂之塗敷液,其含有如請求項1至8中任一項之聚碳酸酯樹脂及非鹵素系溶劑。
- 如請求項9之含聚碳酸酯樹脂之塗敷液,其中上述非鹵素系溶劑係選自芳香族系溶劑、醚系溶劑、酮系溶劑、醯胺系溶劑、及酯系溶劑中之至少一種。
- 一種成形體,其係使用如請求項9或10之含聚碳酸酯樹脂之塗敷液所成形。
- 如請求項11之成形體,其中上述成形體之表面的水之接觸角為95度以上,且十六烷之接觸角為20度以上。
- 一種電子照相感光體,其至少包含如請求項11或12之成形體。
- 一種轉鼓,其至少包含如請求項11或12之成形體。
- 一種輥,其至少包含如請求項11或12之成形體。
- 一種鑄膜,其係藉由流延法使如請求項9或10之含聚碳酸酯樹脂之塗敷液成形而成。
- 一種塗膜,其係藉由塗佈法使如請求項9或10之含聚碳酸酯樹脂之塗敷液成形而成。
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CN107406666B (zh) * | 2015-03-02 | 2020-02-21 | 国立大学法人东京农工大学 | 热分解性粘结剂 |
JP6361581B2 (ja) * | 2015-05-27 | 2018-07-25 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | 正帯電単層型電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジ、及び画像形成装置 |
CN108885415B (zh) * | 2016-03-29 | 2021-11-09 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 电子照相感光体、电子照相感光体盒、成像装置和氟系树脂用分散剂 |
ES2823274T3 (es) | 2016-04-01 | 2021-05-06 | National Univ Corporation Tokyo Univ Of Agriculture And Technology | Aglutinante pirolítico |
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