TWI513875B - 增加造紙填料含量的方法 - Google Patents

增加造紙填料含量的方法 Download PDF

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TWI513875B
TWI513875B TW098138222A TW98138222A TWI513875B TW I513875 B TWI513875 B TW I513875B TW 098138222 A TW098138222 A TW 098138222A TW 98138222 A TW98138222 A TW 98138222A TW I513875 B TWI513875 B TW I513875B
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filler
calcium carbonate
strength
polymer
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Weiguo Cheng
Jun Li
Yulin Zhao
Qing Long Rao
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Nalco Co
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Description

增加造紙填料含量的方法 相關申請案之交叉參考
無
關於聯邦獎助研究或開發的聲明
不適用。
本發明係關於一種增加造紙過程中產生之纖維紙墊之強度的方法。
紙墊包含水及固體且通常含4%至8%水。紙墊之固體部分包括纖維(典型地為以纖維素為基礎之纖維)且亦可包括填料。增加紙墊強度將會允許增加固體比例，亦即填料含量。此正為所需的，因為其可降低原料成本，降低造紙過程中所需之能量，且增加紙張的光學性質。先前技術揭示了固體部分為10%至40%填料之紙墊。然而，先前技術亦揭示填料含量增加與所得紙張之強度損失同時發生。
填料為在造紙過程期間添加至紙墊中以增強所得紙張之不透明度及反光性的礦物粒子。一些填料實例描述於美國專利第7,211,608號中。填料包括用以增加紙張或紙板片之不透明度或亮度、降低其孔隙率或降低其成本之無機及有機粒子或顏料。一些填料實例包括以下中之一或多者：高嶺黏土、滑石、二氧化鈦、三水合氧化鋁、硫酸鋇、氫氧化鎂、諸如碳酸鈣之顏料及其類似物。在不損失紙張強度之情況下增加紙中填料含量之先前嘗試描述於英國專利GB 2016498以及美國專利第4,710,270號、第4,181,567號、第2,037,525號、第7,211,608號及第6,190,663號中。
碳酸鈣填料呈兩種形式，亦即GCC(經研磨碳酸鈣)及PCC(沈澱碳酸鈣)。GCC為天然存在之碳酸鈣岩石且PCC為合成產生之碳酸鈣。因為PCC具有較大的比表面積，所以PCC具有較大的光散射能力且向所得紙張提供較佳之光學性質。然而，由於此相同原因，所以PCC填充之紙墊產生之紙比GCC填充之紙脆弱。
紙張強度隨紙墊交織纖維之間形成的鍵之數目及強度而變。具有較大表面積之填料粒子很可能會與彼等纖維嚙合且干擾彼等鍵之數目及強度。由於PCC具有較大表面積，所以其填料對彼等鍵之干擾程度大於GCC。
因此，造紙者被迫進行不希望有之權衡。其必須決定選擇強度優良但光學性質較差之紙張，或必須選擇光學性質優良但強度較差之紙張。因此，顯然需要一種有助於增加紙張中之填料量、使紙張具有高不透明度且使加填料之紙張具有高強度之造紙方法。
本發明之至少一個具體實例係有關一種使填料含量增加但不使所得紙張之強度有所損失之造紙方法。該方法包含以下步驟：提供填料粒子摻合物、至少一種強度添加劑及纖維素纖維原料；用物質組成物處理該等填料粒子；將該等填料粒子與該纖維素纖維原料組合；及藉由自此組合移除一些水來形成紙墊。至少10%之該等填料粒子為沈澱形式之碳酸鈣(PCC)，且至少10%之該等填料粒子為研磨形式之碳酸鈣(GCC)。該纖維素纖維原料包含複數根纖維素纖維及水。該物質組成物抑制該強度添加劑黏附至該等填料粒子。在至少一個具體實例中，將該纖維素纖維原料與該等填料粒子組合，形成配料，且隨後用該物質組成物處理該等填料粒子。
本發明之至少一個具體實例係有關一種如下方法，其中該填料粒子摻合物進一步包含一種選自由以下組成之清單之物品：碳酸鈣、有機顏料、無機顏料、黏土、滑石、二氧化鈦、三水合氧化鋁、硫酸鋇、氫氧化鎂及其任何組合。
本發明之至少一個具體實例係有關一種如下方法，其中該物質組成物為AcAm/DADMAC共聚物。本發明之至少一個具體實例係有關一種如下方法，其中該強度添加劑為乙醛酸化丙烯醯胺/DADMAC共聚物。本發明之至少一個具體實例係有關一種如下方法，其中該強度添加劑及該物質組成物攜帶相同電荷。
本發明之至少一個具體實例係有關一種如下方法，其中該碳酸鈣呈一種選自由以下組成之清單之形式：無水碳酸鈣、分散漿狀碳酸鈣、白堊及其任何組合。至少一部分該碳酸鈣可呈分散漿狀碳酸鈣形式，該分散漿狀碳酸鈣進一步包含至少一種選自以下之物品：聚丙烯酸聚合物分散劑、聚磷酸鈉分散劑、高嶺黏土漿及其任何組合。該填料粒子摻合物可為50% GCC及50% PCC。該物質組成物可為凝結劑且可選自由以下組成之清單：無機凝結劑、有機凝結劑、縮聚凝結劑及其任何組合。該凝結劑之分子量範圍可在200至1,000,000之間。
本發明之至少一個具體實例係有關一種如下方法，其中該物質組成物為選自由以下組成之清單之凝結劑：明礬、鋁酸鈉、聚鋁氯化物、氯化羥鋁、羥氯化鋁、聚羥基氯化鋁(polyaluminum hydroxychloride)、硫酸化聚鋁氯化物、聚硫酸二氧化矽鋁(polyaluminum silicasulfate)、硫酸鐵、氯化鐵、表氯醇-二甲胺(EPI-DMA)、EPI-DMA氨交聯聚合物、二氯化乙烯與氨之聚合物、多官能二伸乙基三胺之縮合聚合物、多官能四伸乙基五胺之縮合聚合物、多官能己二胺之縮合聚合物、多官能二氯化乙烯之縮合聚合物、三聚氰胺聚合物、甲醛樹脂聚合物、帶陽離子電荷之乙烯基加成聚合物及其任何組合。
本發明之至少一個具體實例係有關一種如下方法，其中強度添加劑相對於紙墊固體部分之比率可為每公噸紙墊0.3至5kg添加劑。可用物質組成物處理至少一些GCC粒子。本發明之至少一個具體實例係有關一種如下方法，其中PCC粒子均未經物質組成物處理。強度添加劑可為陽離子澱粉。填料粒子之質量可高達紙墊固體部分之組合質量的50%。該強度添加劑及該物質組成物可攜帶相同電荷。
本發明之至少一個具體實例係有關一種用於造紙過程中之物質組成物。該物質組成物包含纖維素、填料粒子、強度添加劑及環繞至少一些該等填料粒子之塗層。建構及配置該塗層以防止該強度添加劑黏附至該等填料粒子。在至少一個具體實例中，至少一些該等填料粒子為碳酸鈣。在至少一個具體實例中，該等填料粒子為GCC、PCC或兩者之組合。在至少一個具體實例中，該等填料粒子包含至少10% PCC及10% GCC。
下文中將特定地參考隨附圖式來描述本發明之詳細敘述。
在本發明之至少一個具體實例中，提供一種製造堅固、填料含量高、PCC含量高及光學性質優良之紙張的方法。在本發明之至少一個具體實例中，該造紙方法包含以下步驟：產生PCC與GCC之填料摻合物，其中PCC佔填料質量之至少10%且GCC佔填料質量之至少10%；用可減小強度添加劑與填料粒子之間的黏附力之塗料預先處理至少一些填料粒子；及添加填料摻合物與強度添加劑兩者至紙墊中。
一段時間以來，已知添加強度添加劑至紙墊中會增加所得紙張之強度。強度添加劑之一些實例描述於美國專利第4,605,702號中。強度添加劑之一些實例為陽離子澱粉，其可黏附於纖維素纖維且將其緊密黏合在一起。
不幸的是，實際上不能藉由添加大量強度添加劑來彌補因紙墊中使用大量填料所導致之脆弱問題。一個原因在於因為強度添加劑昂貴且使用大量添加劑會使生產成本在商業上不可行。另外，添加過多強度添加劑會負面地影響造紙過程且阻礙各種形式之造紙設備的可操作性。舉例而言，在陽離子澱粉強度添加劑之情況下，陽離子澱粉會妨礙濾水及脫水過程，此將急劇減慢造紙過程。
此外，纖維素纖維僅能吸附有限量之強度添加劑。此會對可使用之添加劑之量及因此之填料之量施加限制。為何如此之一個原因在於因為強度添加劑傾向於中和陰離子纖維/填料電荷且當此等電荷被過度中和時，強度添加劑之進一步吸附受到抑制。
不幸的是，添加填料至紙墊中亦會降低強度添加劑之有效性。強度添加劑具有塗佈填料粒子之傾向。存在之填料粒子愈多，愈多的強度添加劑塗佈填料粒子，且因此只有較少的強度添加劑可用於將纖維素纖維黏合在一起。因為可添加之強度添加劑存在最大量，所以較多填料始終意謂強度添加劑有效性較低。使用PCC產生之此影響比GCC更嚴重，此係因為PCC表面積比GCC高，故前者會在更大程度上經強度添加劑塗佈。
在本發明之至少一個具體實例中，用物質組成物預先處理至少一些填料粒子，以至少部分地防止強度添加劑黏附於填料粒子。預先處理涵蓋用物質組成物完全塗佈一些或所有的一或多種填料粒子。在替代選擇中，預先處理涵蓋將物質組成物施加於僅一部分的一或多種填料粒子，或完全塗佈一些填料粒子且將物質組成物施加至僅一部分之一些其他粒子。在至少一個具體實例，使用至少一些美國專利第5,221,435號中所述之物質組成物及尤其其中所述之偏向陽離子電荷之物質進行預先處理。在至少一個具體實例中，使用美國專利第6,592,718號中所述之二烯丙基-N,N-二取代之鹵化銨-丙烯醯胺共聚物進行預先處理。
雖然此項技術中已知預先處理填料粒子，但預先處理填料粒子之先前技術方法並不針對影響強度添加劑對填料粒子之黏附。事實上，許多先前技術之預先處理會增加強度添加劑對填料粒子之黏附。舉例而言，美國專利第7,211,608號描述一種用疏水性聚合物預先處理填料粒子之方法。然而，此預先處理對強度添加劑與填料粒子之間的黏附無任何影響，且僅僅排斥水以抵消由強度添加劑所吸收之過量水。相比之下，本發明可減小強度添加劑與填料粒子之間的相互作用且使紙張強度有意外的極大增加。此最佳可參考圖1來瞭解。
圖1展示特定紙張之抗張強度與填料相對於用以產生該特定紙張之紙墊總固體部分之百分比的關係圖。如圖1中所示，增加填料含量與降低紙張強度之間的關係為線性關係。此係因為強度添加劑之有效性的降低與由填料粒子所捕獲之強度添加劑的增加成正比。圖1亦顯示出：對於先前技術填料與紙墊之任何特定比例，若填料為純PCC，則由其達成之強度通常將比由部分GCC達成之強度低。
圖1亦說明：根據本發明之方法製造之紙張具有意外高之強度。圖1中，含有32質量%填料(其為50% PCC及50% GCC)之紙墊樣品經強度添加劑-排斥性凝結劑預先處理所產生的紙張強度比由僅含20%純GCC填料之紙墊產生的紙張強度大。此結果倍加讓人出乎意外，此係因為：a)由含有PCC之填料產生之紙張強度比由純GCC填料產生之紙張強度大；及b)12%以上之容許填料的增加為非常大的增加。高紙張強度為降低纖維素纖維鍵之間的干擾之GCC含量以及使強度添加劑實現或接近實現最大紙張強度之預先處理的結果。
本發明所涵蓋之至少一些填料為熟知的且可在市場上購得。其包括用以增加紙張或紙板片之不透明度或亮度、降低其孔隙率或降低其成本之任何無機或有機粒子或顏料。最常見填料為碳酸鈣及黏土。然而，滑石、二氧化鈦、三水合氧化鋁、硫酸鋇及氫氧化鎂亦為合適填料。碳酸鈣包括呈無水或分散漿形式之經研磨碳酸鈣(GCC)、白堊、任何形態之沈澱碳酸鈣(PCC)及呈分散漿形式之沈澱碳酸鈣。分散漿形式之GCC或PCC典型的是使用聚丙烯酸聚合物分散劑或聚磷酸鈉分散劑來產生。此等分散劑中之每一者均賦予碳酸鈣粒子明顯的陰離子電荷。亦使用聚丙烯酸聚合物或聚磷酸鈉來分散高嶺黏土漿。
在至少一個具體實例中，處理用物質組成物為美國專利6,592,718中描述之物質組成物中之任一者或組合。詳言之，其中詳細描述之任何AcAm/DADMAC共聚物組成物均適合作為處理用物質組成物。AcAm/DADMAC共聚物組成物之一實例為來自Nalco公司(Naperville,Illinois)之產品號Nalco-7527(以下稱為7527)。
處理用物質組成物可為凝結劑。本發明所涵蓋之凝結劑為熟知的且可在市場上購得。其可為無機或有機物質。代表性無機凝結劑包括明礬、鋁酸鈉、聚鋁氯化物或PAC(亦稱為氯化羥鋁、羥氯化鋁及聚羥基氯化鋁)、硫酸化聚鋁氯化物、聚硫酸二氧化矽鋁、硫酸鐵、氯化鐵及其類似物，及其摻合物。
適合作為處理用物質組成物之一些有機凝結劑係由縮聚反應形成。此類聚合物之實例包括表氯醇-二甲胺(EPI-DMA)及EPI-DMA氨交聯聚合物。
其他適合作為處理用物質組成物之凝結劑包括二氯化乙烯與氨之聚合物或在添加或未添加氨之情況下二氯化乙烯與二甲胺之聚合物、多官能胺(諸如二伸乙基三胺、四伸乙基五胺、己二胺及其類似物)與二氯化乙烯之縮合聚合物以及由縮合反應製得之聚合物(諸如三聚氰胺甲醛樹脂)。
其他適合作為處理用物質組成物之凝結劑包括帶陽離子電荷之乙烯基加成聚合物，諸如以下之聚合物、共聚物及三聚物：(甲基)丙烯醯胺、二烯丙基-N,N-二取代之鹵化銨、甲基丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯及其四級銨鹽、丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯及其四級銨鹽、氯化甲基丙烯醯胺丙基三甲基銨、氯化二烯丙基甲基(β-丙醯胺基)銨、甲基硫酸(β-甲基丙烯醯氧基乙基)三甲基銨、四級銨化聚乙烯基內醯胺、乙烯胺、以及已發生反應產生曼尼希(Mannich)或四級曼尼希衍生物之丙烯醯胺或甲基丙烯醯胺。較佳之四級銨鹽可使用氯甲烷、硫酸二甲酯或氯甲苯來產生。三聚物可包括陰離子單體，諸如丙烯酸或2-丙烯醯胺基2-甲基丙烷磺酸，只要聚合物上之總電荷為陽離子即可。乙烯基加成與縮合而成之此等聚合物的分子量在低至數百至高達數百萬之範圍內。該分子量範圍較佳應為約20,000至約1,000,000。在至少一個具體實例中，利用被描述為適用於預先處理填料粒子之物質組成物的任何物質組成物之一種、一些或所有該等物質組成物的組合來進行預先處理。
在至少一個具體實例中，強度添加劑攜帶與適用於處理填料粒子之物質組成物相同的電荷。當兩者攜帶相同電荷時，填料添加劑很少會在其表面上吸附強度添加劑。在至少一個具體實例中，強度添加劑為陽離子澱粉。本發明所涵蓋之強度添加劑包括美國專利4,605,702及美國專利申請案2005/0161181 A1中描述之任一物質組成物及尤其為其中描述之各種乙醛酸化丙烯醯胺/DADMAC共聚物組成物。乙醛酸化丙烯醯胺/DADMAC共聚物組成物之一實例為產品號Nalco 64170(由Nalco公司(Naperville,Illinois)製備)。
在至少一個具體實例中，所用填料為PCC、GCC及/或高嶺黏土。在至少一個具體實例中，所用填料為具有聚丙烯酸聚合物分散劑之PCC、GCC及/或高嶺黏土或其摻合物。強度添加劑相對於固體紙墊之比率可為每公噸紙墊3kg添加劑。
參考以下實施例可更好地理解上述內容，呈現該等實施例係出於說明之目的而不欲限制本發明之範疇。
實施例1
1(i)　填料預先處理：
自造紙廠獲得填料粒子摻合物。該摻合物為50% PCC與50% GCC之混合物。PCC為未分散之Albacar HO(由Specialty Mineral of Bethlehem(Pennsylvania)製備)，且GCC(亦由Specialty Mineral of Bethlehem(Pennsylvania)製備)為經化學分散的。出於本申請案之目的，術語「未分散(un-dispersed)」之定義為不藉助於化學分散劑分布於流體中。出於本申請案之目的，術語「經化學分散(chemically dispersed)」之定義為藉助於化學分散劑分布於流體中。
用自來水稀釋填料摻合物至18%固體含量。將200mL經稀釋之填料摻合物置放於500mL玻璃燒杯中。在添加凝結劑之前攪拌至少30秒。攪拌器為具有R1342、50mm四葉螺旋槳之EUROSTAR數位頂置式混合器(均來自IKA Works公司,Wilmington,North Carolina)。最初在800rpm攪拌下混合30秒後，緩慢添加凝結劑溶液。所用凝結劑溶液為7527。以乾填料重量計，凝結劑劑量為1千克/公噸。繼續在800rpm下攪拌，直至添加所有凝結劑。接著攪拌速度增至1500rpm，歷時1分鐘。
1(ii)　使用填料：
自造紙廠獲得厚纖維素纖維原料。冷卻原料，且接著用澄清白水稀釋，達約0.7%之稠度。纖維素纖維為60%硬木漂白牛皮紙漿(HBKP)、20%軟木漂白牛皮紙漿(SBKP)及20%漂白化學熱磨機械漿(BCTMP)。添加圖1中所指示之各種填料組成物之樣品。亦添加強度添加劑64170。接著量測用各樣品製成之紙張的抗張強度且作圖於圖1中。
對樣品之強度分析顯示出如下結果：以50% PCC及50% GCC替換純PCC，始終使填料含量增加約3%而不使紙張強度有任何損失。然而，50% PCC及50% GCC之填料與用強度添加劑64170及排斥性凝結劑7527預先處理GCC粒子的組合會使填料含量驚人地增加12%而不損失紙張強度。因此，很明顯，本發明方法之步驟允許在造紙中使用較多填料，允許在造紙中使用較多PCC，同時改良所得紙張之光學性質。
實施例2
如實施例1中般提供纖維素混合物及填料。如實施例1中般處理填料。將3千克/公噸強度添加劑64170添加至三個樣品中，三個樣品中之一者含有100% PCC，一者含有50% PCC-50% GCC，且一者含有50% PCC-50% GCC且所含GCC已經7527預先處理。分析所得紙張樣品且結果展示於圖2中，該圖展示特定紙張之抗張強度與填料相對於用以產生該特定紙張之紙墊總固體部分之百分比的關係圖。
當在100% PCC下添加3千克/公噸添加劑64170時，在無強度損失之情況下填料含量僅可增加3%。在約34%填料含量下，強度改良12%。當將100% PCC轉變成50% PCC-50% GCC時，強度增加且可使填料含量增加3.5%而不損失紙張強度。當添加3千克/公噸添加劑64170時，填料含量又可增加約2.5%而不損失紙張強度。在35%填料含量下，在添加3千克/公噸64170之下紙張強度改良14%。相較於50% PCC-50% GCC，經7527預先處理之50% PCC-50% GCC可使填料增加2%而不損失強度。當添加3千克/公噸N-64170至具有經預先處理之50% PCC-50% GCC的配料中時，相較於僅僅經預先處理之50% PCC-50% GCC，填料含量可增加4%而不損失紙張強度。在36%填料含量下，添加3千克/公噸N-64170使強度增加19%。此實驗表明，在相同量之強度添加劑64170下，藉由預先處理填料可顯著提高改良紙張強度之效率。
實施例3
進行一項機器試驗，其中造紙機製造108gsm經塗佈之基紙，機器速度為1360公尺/分鐘。提供一種組成物，其纖維素纖維為40%漂白化學熱磨機械漿(BCTMP)、40% HBKP、SBKP 20%。配料亦含有70% PCC與30% GCC之填料摻合物。在試驗期間，包括留存助劑、上漿劑及陽離子澱粉之所有濕部添加劑保持恆定。使用Scott Bond測試器量測所得紙張強度。
圖3展示紙張摻合物之所得Scott Bond強度，該等紙張摻合物包括8種具有各種量之7527及64170之摻合物。當未添加7527及64170時，強度為0.92kg cm。當添加2.5千克/公噸64170時，強度增至1.14kg cm，強度改良24%。然而，在進一步添加0.5千克/公噸7527後，強度自1.14kg cm增至1.30kg cm，進一步改良14%。此試驗表明：添加少量凝結劑將極大地改良64170之效率。
一般技術者應認識到所有先前描述之方法亦可適用於包含其他以非纖維素為基礎之纖維材料的紙墊、包含以纖維素為基礎之纖維材料及以非纖維素為基礎之纖維材料的混合物及/或以合成纖維為基礎之材料的紙墊。
在不偏離如申請專利範圍中所定義之本發明之概念及範疇的情況下，可對本文中所述的本發明之組成物、本發明方法之操作及配置作出改變。雖然本發明可以許多不同形式來實施，但本文中詳細描述了本發明之特定較佳的具體實例。本揭示案為本發明原理之例證且不欲使本發明受限於所說明之特定具體實例。此外，本發明涵蓋本文中所述之各種具體實例中一些或所有具體實例的任何可能組合。本申請案或任何引用專利、引用專利申請案或其他引用材料中任何地方所提及之所有專利、專利申請案及其他引用材料均以全文引用的方式併入本文中。
以上揭示內容意欲為例示性而非窮盡的。對於一般技術者，此說明將暗示許多變化及替代。所有此等替代及變化意欲包括在申請專利範圍之範疇內，其中術語「包含(comprising)」意謂「包括(但不限於)」。熟習此項技術者可認識到本文中所述之特定具體實例之其他等效形式，該等等效形式亦意欲涵蓋於申請專利範圍中。
此舉完善了對本發明之較佳及替代性具體實例的說明。熟習此項技術者可認識到本文中所述之特定具體實例之其他等效形式，該等等效形式意欲涵蓋於隨附申請專利範圍中。
圖1為展示根據本發明製造之紙張之改良強度的圖。
圖2為展示根據本發明製造之紙張之改良強度的第二圖。
圖3為展示根據本發明製造之紙張摻合物之Scott Bond強度的圖。

Claims (18)

  1. 一種使填料含量增加之造紙方法，該方法包含以下步驟：提供填料粒子摻合物、至少一種強度添加劑及纖維素纖維原料；用物質組成物預處理該等填料粒子；在該等填料粒子被預處理後將該等填料粒子與該纖維素纖維原料組合；用至少一種強度添加劑處理該組合；及自該組合形成紙墊；其中至少10%之該等填料粒子為沈澱碳酸鈣且至少10%之該等填料粒子為經研磨碳酸鈣，該纖維素纖維原料包含複數根纖維素纖維及水，且該物質組成物增強該強度添加劑在該紙墊中之效能。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該紙墊係藉由自該組合移除一些水來形成。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該碳酸鈣中至少一些呈一種選自由以下組成之清單之形式：未分散之碳酸鈣、分散漿狀碳酸鈣、白堊及其任何組合。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該碳酸鈣之至少一部分呈分散漿狀碳酸鈣形式，該分散漿狀碳酸鈣進一步包含至少一種選自以下之物品：聚丙烯酸聚合物分散劑、聚磷酸鈉分散劑、高嶺黏土漿及其任何組合。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該填料粒子摻合 物為50%經研磨碳酸鈣與50%沈澱碳酸鈣。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該物質組成物為凝結劑。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該物質組成物為選自由無機凝結劑、有機凝結劑、縮聚凝結劑及其任何組合組成之清單的凝結劑。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該物質組成物為分子量範圍在200至1,000,000之間的凝結劑。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該物質組成物為選自由以下組成之清單之凝結劑：明礬、鋁酸鈉、聚鋁氯化物、氯化羥鋁、羥氯化鋁、聚羥基氯化鋁、硫酸化聚鋁氯化物、聚硫酸二氧化矽鋁(polyaluminum silica sulfate)、硫酸鐵、氯化鐵、表氯醇-二甲胺(EPI-DMA)、EPI-DMA氨交聯聚合物、二氯化乙烯與氨之聚合物、二氯化乙烯聚合物、二甲胺聚合物、多官能二伸乙基三胺之縮合聚合物、多官能四伸乙基五胺之縮合聚合物、多官能己二胺之縮合聚合物、多官能二氯化乙烯之縮合聚合物、三聚氰胺聚合物、甲醛樹脂聚合物、帶陽離子電荷之乙烯基加成聚合物及其任何組合。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該物質組成物為AcAm/DADMAC共聚物。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該強度添加劑為乙醛酸化丙烯醯胺/DADMAC共聚物。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中強度添加劑相 對於該紙墊之固體部分的比率為每公噸紙墊0.3至5kg強度添加劑。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中用該物質組成物處理至少一些該等GCC粒子。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該等PCC粒子均未用該物質組成物處理。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該強度添加劑為陽離子澱粉。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該紙墊具有固體部分且該紙墊中之該等填料粒子佔紙墊之固體部分之組合質量的50%以上。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該強度添加劑及該物質組成物攜帶相同電荷。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該填料粒子摻合物進一步包含一種選自由以下組成之清單之物品：有機顏料、無機顏料、黏土、滑石、二氧化鈦、三水合氧化鋁、硫酸鉬、氫氧化鎂及其任何組合。
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