TWI510235B - 消炎鎮痛外用劑 - Google Patents
消炎鎮痛外用劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI510235B TWI510235B TW098119643A TW98119643A TWI510235B TW I510235 B TWI510235 B TW I510235B TW 098119643 A TW098119643 A TW 098119643A TW 98119643 A TW98119643 A TW 98119643A TW I510235 B TWI510235 B TW I510235B
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- Taiwan
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- inflammatory
- steroidal anti
- preparation
- oxybuprocaine
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Description
本發明係關於一種消炎鎮痛劑,詳言之,係關於一種外用劑,其含有非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑及為局部麻醉劑之奧布卡因(oxybuprocaine)或藥學上可接受鹽類作為藥效成分,可顯著改善消炎.鎮痛效果。
至目前為止,已開發出多種非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑,可取代副作用多的類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑並一直使用於臨床上。
該等非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑雖可發揮優異的消炎.鎮痛效果,然而因經口投與而對胃腸障礙的副作用強。因此,吾人研討在減輕副作用的投與經路方面之經皮吸收製劑,在含有非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑的外用劑方面,例如已進行軟膏劑、硬膏劑(凝膠塗劑)、敷劑、帶劑、懸浮劑、乳劑、洗液劑等液劑,噴霧劑等的開發,而已經有幾種製劑已達到臨床使用之階段。
但是,一般而言非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑之經皮吸收性並非那麼高,在作為外用劑投與之情形,與經口投與比較,其效果傾向於降低。
因此為提高該經皮吸收性則進行各種研討,且下功夫於例如提高對製劑中為有效成分之非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑含量,或者配合經皮吸收促進劑。
直至最近,其研討方案之一係提案對非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑添加局部麻醉劑以謀求經皮吸收性等之提高(專利文獻1至6)。
例如,在專利文獻1,有提案一種外用黏貼劑,其配合有:為非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑之例如吲哚甲阿辛(indomethacin)、[2-(3-苯基醯苯基)丙酸]等;同時為局部麻醉劑之利度卡因(lidocaine)或苯并卡因(benzocaine)等,尤其是一種外用黏貼劑,其伴隨慢性風濕性關節炎或變形性關節炎、腰痛症等炎症疼痛之鎮痛效果優異。
又,在專利文獻2有提案一種外用劑,其配合達克炎(diclofenac)鈉鹽與局部麻醉劑之利度卡因或苯并卡因等。在專利文獻3,有提案關於一種外用劑,其同時配合了必復康(piroxicam)與利度卡因,進而在專利文獻4至6,有提案一種外用黏貼劑,其係配合非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑之例如吲哚甲阿辛、達克炎等,同時配合局部麻醉劑之利度卡因或滴醉卡因(tetracaine)等。
上述所提案之外用劑,係例如可減輕非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑之皮膚刺激性,或目的在於提高於組織中藥物之滲透性或擴散性,其被認為係一種外用劑,可有效發揮非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑具有之消炎.鎮痛效果。
【專利文獻1】國際公開WO 01/47559號
【專利文獻2】日本特開2003-335663號公報
【專利文獻3】日本特開2004-123632號公報
【專利文獻4】日本特開2004-323502號公報
【專利文獻5】日本特開2005-068035號公報
【專利文獻6】日本特開2005-145932號公報
但是,在考慮實際上皮膚適用的情形,在該等外用劑的情況下,非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑具有的消炎.鎮痛效果並非那麼高,現狀是要求進一步之改良。
本發明人等鑑於目前現狀,其課題在於提供一種外用劑,可有效地發揮非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑具有的消炎.鎮痛效果,在黏貼部位中使皮膚刺激緩和,同時對於慢性風濕性關節炎或變形性關節症,再者對於伴隨腰痛症等炎症之疼痛具有極優異效果。
為解決上述課題本發明者等經精心研討,在目前為止所提案之配合有非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑與局部麻醉劑之外用劑中,尤其是研討了局部麻醉劑之配合效果,結果首先發現在局部麻醉劑中之例,於併用奧布卡因與非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑之情形,非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑具有的鎮痛、消炎效果可有效地提高之作用。
亦即本發明首先發現,調製一種鎮痛、止癢用外用劑,其同時含有為局部麻醉劑之奧布卡因與非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑,將此製劑適用於伴隨疼痛的皮膚患部、或伴隨炎症與疼痛的皮膚患部,則可緩和皮膚刺激性,同時與為局部麻醉藥之奧布卡因的鎮痛作用相輔相成,而可確認極高的鎮痛.消炎效果,因而完成本發明。
因此本發明之基本態様,係一種外用劑,其含有非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑及奧布卡因或藥學上可接受鹽類作為藥效成分。
具體言之,本發明係一種外用劑,其相對於含藥物製劑全重量,非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑之含量為0.1至10重量%,又,其相對於含藥物製劑全重量,奧布卡因或藥學上可接受鹽類之含量為0.01至60重量%。
進而具體言之,本發明係一種外用劑,其相對於非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑1重量份,含有2至14重量份之奧布卡因或藥學上可接受鹽類。
又本發明係一種外用劑,具體言之,配合之非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑係選自:吲哚甲阿辛、[2-(3-苯基醯苯基)丙酸]、必復康(piroxicam)、非賓拿克(felbinac)、布酚沙邁(bufexamac)、蘇普芬(suprofen)、伏炎(flurbiprofen)、達克炎(diclofenac)、α-甲基-4-異丁基苯乙酸(ibuprofen)及該等藥理學上可接受鹽。
又本發明作為外用劑之製劑形態係上述外用劑為軟膏劑、液劑、懸浮劑、乳劑、洗液劑、敷劑、帶劑、噴霧劑或外用粉劑之製劑形態。
在其中之例,本發明最佳態様之一係一種外用劑,其形態係為非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑之非賓拿克,同時含有奧布卡因或藥學上可接受鹽類作為有效成分之敷劑、或帶劑之形態。
藉由本發明係提供一種外用劑,可有效地發揮非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑具有的消炎‧鎮痛效果,在黏貼部位中使皮膚刺激緩和,同時對於炎症伴隨之疼痛,具有優異效果。
又本發明提供之外用劑,經皮吸收性優異,同時活體內轉移後對組織中有效成分之滲透性以及擴散性優異。因此,藉由本發明,可提供一種外用劑,其與奧布卡因之作用相輔相成,相對於皮膚各式各樣疼痛及搔癢具有充分的治療效果,且具有副作用非常少的各種劑型,其醫療上價值非常高。
亦即,本發明之消炎鎮痛外用劑,不僅對於例如慢性風濕性關節炎、變形性關節症、腰痛症等慢性疼痛、肩關節周圍炎或肌腱炎等炎症性疾病、因手術或外傷等所致疼痛等伴隨疼痛之疾病,而且對於伴隨異位性皮膚炎、濕疹、接觸性皮膚炎、脂漏性皮膚炎、蕁麻疹、嬰兒苔蘚(strophulus)、蟲咬傷、皮膚搔癢症、尿毒症、慢性腎功能衰竭等代謝性疾病、糖尿病等內分泌疾病等的搔癢,以及伴隨切創傷、術後創傷、熱創傷等皮膚創傷的搔癢等伴隨搔癢之疾病,或相對於神經原性疼痛亦極具效果。
本發明如上述係一種外用劑,其基本特徵在於含有非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑及奧布卡因作為藥效成分。
含有作為有效成分之非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑方面,可例舉選自:吲哚甲阿辛、[2-(3-苯基醯苯基)丙酸]、必復康(piroxicam)、非賓拿克、布酚沙邁(bufexamac)、蘇普芬(suprofen)、伏炎(flurbiprofen)、達克炎(diclofenac)、α-甲基-4-異丁基苯乙酸(ibuprofen)及該等藥理學上可接受鹽之化合物,但並非限定於該等。
又,該等非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑,可僅為一種,另亦可併用二種以上。
其中之例可判明,藉由選擇非賓拿克作為非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑而可提供一種極具效果之外用劑。
該非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑之含量係因使用之非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑,又因目的之外用劑的劑型而異,但相對於含藥物製劑全重量,較佳為0.1至10重量%、更佳為0.2至5重量%。
含量未達上述範圍時,因效果並非充分故不佳,又即使超過上述範圍,並無法期望進一步之效果,反而有彰顯副作用之虞,因此並非良好。
另一方面,與該等非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑同時配合的奧布卡因,係開發作為局部麻醉劑,其具有表面、浸潤、傳導麻醉作用,主要係在眼科領域使用於表面麻醉等之藥物。
在本發明中可判明,藉由同時配合該奧布卡因與非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑,以使奧布卡因具有之局部麻醉效果於適用部位可使非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑之相乘的鎮痛效果更形提高,又使皮膚刺激性緩和,同時可提高來自外用劑製劑之經皮吸收性。
奧布卡因或藥學上可接受鹽類之含量因一起配合的非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑之種類而異,無法一概而限定,然而相對於含藥物製劑全重量,較佳為0.01至60重量%,更佳為0.1至30重量%。
奧布卡因或藥學上可接受鹽類之含量未達上述範圍時併用效果並不充分,並非良好之物,又超過上述範圍時,會影響製劑之物性,又會有顯現副作用之虞並非良好之物。
又,在本發明中可判明在上述含量之範圍內,進而相對於非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑1重量份,以含有2至14重量份之奧布卡因或藥學上可接受鹽類者更具功效。
在本發明提供之外用劑方面,若可對皮膚患部表面直接投與有效成分之劑型時,則無特別限定,可調製成例如軟膏劑、液劑(懸浮劑、乳劑、洗液劑等)、敷劑、帶劑、噴霧劑及外用粉劑等的製劑使用。
在調製該等製劑時,除了含有作為有效成分之非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑以及奧布卡因以外,可適宜選擇用來調製通常外用劑之各種配合成分。
此種成分方面,在軟膏劑‧乳膏劑‧凝膠劑‧洗液劑的情況下,可例舉白色凡士林、黃色凡士林、羊毛脂、白蠟、鯨蠟醇、硬脂醇、硬脂酸、硬化油、凝膠化烴、聚乙二醇、流動石臘、角鯊烯等基劑;油酸、肉豆蔻酸異丙酯、三異辛酸甘油酯、克膚適(crotamiton)、癸二酸二乙酯、己二酸二異丙酯、月桂酸己酯、脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯、脂肪族醇、植物油等溶劑及溶解補助劑;生育酚衍生物、L-抗壞血酸、二丁羥甲苯、丁羥苯甲醚等抗氧化劑;對羥苯甲酸酯等防腐劑;甘油、丙二醇、玻璃糖醛酸(hyaluronic)鈉等保濕劑;聚氧乙烯衍生物、脂肪酸甘油酯、脂肪酸蔗糖酯、脂肪酸山梨聚糖酯、脂肪酸丙二醇酯、卵磷脂等界面活性劑;羧乙烯聚合物、黃原膠(xanthan gum)、羧甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉鹽類、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙甲基纖維素等增黏劑等。
再者,可依照所期望配合穩定劑、保存劑、吸收促進劑、pH調整劑、其他的適當添加劑。
又,在敷劑的情況下,可例舉聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸共聚物等膠黏劑;硫酸鋁、硫酸鉀鋁、氯化鋁、偏矽酸鋁酸鎂鹽、乙酸二羥鋁鹽等交聯劑;聚丙烯酸鈉、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、明膠、藻酸鈉、羧甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉鹽類、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙甲基纖維素等增黏劑;甘油、聚乙二醇(macrogol)、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇等多價醇類;聚氧乙烯衍生物等界面活性劑;1-薄荷醇(menthol)等香料;對羥苯甲酸酯等防腐劑;精製水等。
再者,可依照所期望,配合穩定劑、保存劑、吸收促進劑、pH調整劑、其他適當的添加劑。
帶劑的情況下,可配合:苯乙烯.異戊二烯.苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SIS嵌段共聚物)或丙烯酸樹脂等黏著劑;脂環族飽和烴系樹脂、松香系樹脂、萜烯(terpene)系樹脂等膠黏樹脂;液狀橡膠、流動石臘等軟化劑;二丁羥甲苯等抗氧化劑;丙二醇等多價醇;油酸等吸收促進劑;聚氧乙烯衍生物等界面活性劑,其他適當的添加劑。
又,亦可添加如聚丙烯酸鈉或聚乙烯醇之可含水的高分子與少量精製水製成含水帶劑。
在此情形,再者可依照所期望,配合穩定劑、保存劑、吸收促進劑、pH調整劑、其他適當添加劑。
在噴霧劑的情況下,可配合:軟膏劑.乳膏劑.凝膠劑.懸浮劑.乳劑.液劑及洗液劑等調製所使用之白色凡士林、黃色凡士林、羊毛脂、白蠟、鯨蠟醇、硬脂醇、硬脂酸、硬化油、凝膠化烴、聚乙二醇、流動石臘、角鯊烯等基劑;油酸、肉豆蔻酸異丙酯、己二酸二異丙酯、癸二酸異丙酯、三異辛酸甘油酯、克膚適、癸二酸二乙酯、月桂酸己酯、脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯、脂肪族醇、植物油等溶劑及溶解補助劑;生育酚衍生物、L-抗壞血酸、二丁羥甲苯、丁羥苯甲醚等抗氧化劑;對羥苯甲酸酯等防腐劑;甘油、丙二醇、聚玻璃糖醛酸鈉等保濕劑;聚氧乙烯衍生物、脂肪酸甘油酯、脂肪酸蔗糖酯、脂肪酸山梨聚糖酯、脂肪酸丙二醇酯、卵磷脂等界面活性劑;羧乙烯聚合物、黃原膠、羧甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉鹽類、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙甲基纖維素等增黏劑;再者,可配合各種穩定劑、緩衝劑、矯味劑、懸浮化劑、乳化劑、芳香劑、保存劑、溶解補助劑、其他適當的添加劑。
在外用粉劑的情況下,亦可配合馬鈴薯澱粉、米澱粉、玉米澱粉、滑石、氧化鋅等賦形劑或其他適當的添加劑。
在此情形,進而可依照所期望配合各種穩定劑、保存劑、吸收促進劑、其他適當的添加劑。
本發明所提供之調製外用劑之手段並無特別限定,可使用通常外用劑之製造方法,例如因應所期望之劑型,將各成分及因應必要的基劑成分予以良好的捏合等來製造。
又在調製敷劑以及帶劑的情況下,將已捏合之混合物於剝離紙上予以延展、乾燥,進而與柔軟的支持體貼合,可藉由切斷成所期望之大小來調製。
本發明提供之外用劑,例如在軟膏劑、液劑(懸浮劑、乳劑、洗液劑等)、噴霧劑及外用粉劑之情形,可以通常之使用方法,對皮膚患部以塗布等直接適用,或者於布等支持體上予以塗布或浸漬予以適用等使用方法。
又,在敷劑或帶劑之情形,可將該等製劑直接黏貼於皮膚患部的方法來使用。
藉由實施例及試驗例就本發明提供之外用劑予以說明如下,但本發明並非被該等實施例作任何限定。
調製含有下述表1所示處方之藥物之基劑。具體言之,將非賓拿克係溶解於克膚適(crotamiton),將奧布卡因係溶解於丙二醇,將兩者混合,接著如表一所示將該等溶解物進行捏合成為與其他成分呈均一,獲得含藥物基劑。將如此所調製之含藥物基劑以1000克/公尺2
在不織布上延展,貼附於聚丙烯製之襯料,切斷成為10×14cm2
,獲得外用黏貼劑。
調製含有下述表2所示處方之藥物之基劑。具體言之,將吲哚甲阿辛係溶解於克膚適,將奧布卡因係溶解於丙二醇。
接著如表2所示,將該等溶解物,捏合成為與其他成分呈均一,獲得含藥物基劑。將如此調製之含藥物基劑,在不織布上以1000克/公尺2
速度延展,貼附聚丙烯製之襯料,切斷成為10×14公分2
獲得外用黏貼劑。
調製含有下述表3所示處方之藥物之基劑。具體言之,將達克炎鈉鹽係溶解於N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮,將奧布卡因係溶解於丙二醇。
接著如表3所示,將該等溶解物捏合成為與其他成分呈均一,獲得含藥物基劑。將如此調製的含藥物基劑,在不織布上以1000克/公尺2
進行延展,貼附聚丙烯製之襯料,切斷成為10×14公分2
獲得外用黏貼劑。
依照下述表4所示處方,添加苯乙烯.異戊二烯.苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SIS嵌段共聚物)、氫化松香甘油酯、流動石臘、聚丁烯、抗氧化劑等,使用甲苯予以混合熔融,投入非賓拿克及奧布卡因於此混合物並混合,將良好捏合所得之混合物在剝離紙上延展後,使甲苯乾燥,與柔軟的支持體貼合,切斷成所期望之大小,獲得帶劑。
在實施例1中配合同量精製水以替代奧布卡因,以同様方法獲得外用黏貼劑。
在實施例1中配合同量精製水以替代非賓拿克,以同様方法獲得外用黏貼劑。
在實施例1中,配合同量精製水以替代非賓拿克及奧布卡因,以同様方法獲得外用黏貼劑。
將實施例1及比較例1至3所得外用黏貼劑黏貼於各有腰痛症狀的男性志願者10名的患部,實施感官試驗。
投與時間為1天12小時,進行7天。
試驗完成後,對志願者以效果為「顯著有效」、「有效」、「不變」、「惡化」之四階段予以評價。
進而在停藥1週後重複相同試驗,進行至所有黏貼劑之評價完成為止。
其結果如下述表5所示。
如上述表中所示,含有非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑之非賓拿克與奧布卡因兩者作為有效成分,在本發明外用黏貼劑之實施例1的黏貼劑,其改善率(有效以上)為90%(9/10),而在無併用奧布卡因的比較例1之黏貼劑中改善率90%(9/10)為相同,然而在顯著有效之改善率中,可確認有80%(8/10)與40%(4/10)之顯著差異,而可理解本發明之有效性。
如以上所記載,藉由本發明係提供各種劑型之外用劑,其可有效發揮非類固醇系消炎鎮痛劑具有的消炎.鎮痛效果,在黏貼部位中使皮膚刺激緩和,同時相對於慢性風濕性關節炎或變形性關節症,甚至伴隨腰痛症等炎症的疼痛具有優異效果。
本發明提供之外用劑,具有優異經皮吸收性,同時,在活體內轉移後對組織中有效成分之滲透性以及擴散性優異,且為副作用非常少的外用劑,故其醫療上價值極大。
Claims (3)
- 一種外用劑,其係含有非賓拿克(felbinac)及奧布卡因(oxybuprocaine)或藥學上可接受鹽類作為藥效成分之外用劑,其特徵為相對於含藥物製劑全重量,非賓拿克之含量為0.1至10重量%、奧布卡因或藥學上可接受鹽類之含量為0.01至60重量%,且相對於非賓拿克1重量份,含有奧布卡因或藥學上可接受鹽類2至14重量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之外用劑,其特徵為相對於含藥物製劑全重量,含有非賓拿克0.2至5重量%、奧布卡因0.1至30重量%,且相對於非賓拿克1重量份,含有奧布卡因0.1至10重量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之外用劑,其製劑形態為軟膏劑、液劑、懸浮劑、乳劑、洗液(lotion)劑、敷劑、帶劑、噴霧劑或外用粉劑之形態。
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US20110160194A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
CN102065896A (zh) | 2011-05-18 |
JP2009298741A (ja) | 2009-12-24 |
EP2305307A4 (en) | 2012-09-05 |
CA2727155A1 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
KR20110017451A (ko) | 2011-02-21 |
EP2305307A1 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
AU2009261264B2 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
AU2009261264A1 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
CN103394091A (zh) | 2013-11-20 |
WO2009154148A1 (ja) | 2009-12-23 |
TW201004617A (en) | 2010-02-01 |
CA2727155C (en) | 2016-04-26 |
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