TWI460312B - 防失光澤性塗料 - Google Patents
防失光澤性塗料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI460312B TWI460312B TW097144904A TW97144904A TWI460312B TW I460312 B TWI460312 B TW I460312B TW 097144904 A TW097144904 A TW 097144904A TW 97144904 A TW97144904 A TW 97144904A TW I460312 B TWI460312 B TW I460312B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- disulfide
- copper
- thiol
- mercaptan
- group
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 71
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 58
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 155
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 152
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 150
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 113
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- -1 hydrazine (7H-imidazo(4,5-d)pyrimidine) Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- IDJPKRIELSFBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(decyldisulfanyl)decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCCCCC IDJPKRIELSFBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QJAOYSPHSNGHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS QJAOYSPHSNGHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- PMBXCGGQNSVESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexanethiol Chemical compound CCCCCCS PMBXCGGQNSVESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZRKMQKLGEQPLNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Pentanethiol Chemical compound CCCCCS ZRKMQKLGEQPLNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ULIKDJVNUXNQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propene-1-thiol Chemical compound SCC=C ULIKDJVNUXNQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ONJROLGQWMBXAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropyldisulfanyl)propane Chemical compound CC(C)CSSCC(C)C ONJROLGQWMBXAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BDFAOUQQXJIZDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)CS BDFAOUQQXJIZDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CETBSQOFQKLHHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl disulfide Chemical compound CCSSCC CETBSQOFQKLHHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VTXVGVNLYGSIAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCS VTXVGVNLYGSIAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YSQZSPCQDXHJDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-n-pentyl disulfide Natural products CCCCCSSCCCCC YSQZSPCQDXHJDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PFRGXCVKLLPLIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diallyl disulfide Chemical compound C=CCSSCC=C PFRGXCVKLLPLIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ALVPFGSHPUPROW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl disulfide Chemical compound CCCSSCCC ALVPFGSHPUPROW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- SUVIGLJNEAMWEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCS SUVIGLJNEAMWEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KJRCEJOSASVSRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-2-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)S KJRCEJOSASVSRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- XPFCXIKQEQOMMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-1h-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC=C1CC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2N1 XPFCXIKQEQOMMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl disulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CSSCC1=CC=CC=C1 GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SKOLWUPSYHWYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonodithioic O,S-acid Chemical compound SC(S)=O SKOLWUPSYHWYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001858 (2R)-2-methylbutane-1-thiol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SRZXCOWFGPICGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-Hexanedithiol Chemical compound SCCCCCCS SRZXCOWFGPICGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PGTWZHXOSWQKCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-Octanedithiol Chemical compound SCCCCCCCCS PGTWZHXOSWQKCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GUBWMRCVCQFLOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(hexadecyldisulfanyl)hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC GUBWMRCVCQFLOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GJPDBURPGLWRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(hexyldisulfanyl)hexane Chemical compound CCCCCCSSCCCCCC GJPDBURPGLWRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MQQKTNDBASEZSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(octadecyldisulfanyl)octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC MQQKTNDBASEZSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AROCLDYPZXMJPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(octyldisulfanyl)octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCCC AROCLDYPZXMJPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ULLWKWAZWYSPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(pentadecyldisulfanyl)pentadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ULLWKWAZWYSPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PVHFXVCJLSWJAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(tetradecyldisulfanyl)tetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PVHFXVCJLSWJAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BMMUJKMHJWGHJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(undecyldisulfanyl)undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCCCCCC BMMUJKMHJWGHJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SUPMWVVVBKKGEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(naphthalen-2-yldisulfanyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(SSC=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)=CC=C21 SUPMWVVVBKKGEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BKCNDTDWDGQHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(tert-butyldisulfanyl)-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)SSC(C)(C)C BKCNDTDWDGQHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UCJMHYXRQZYNNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethyl-1-hexanethiol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CS UCJMHYXRQZYNNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WGQKBCSACFQGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-1-butanethiol Chemical compound CCC(C)CS WGQKBCSACFQGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RFCQDOVPMUSZMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Naphthalenethiol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S)=CC=C21 RFCQDOVPMUSZMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JPNXREVRYWWBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propylbenzenethiol Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC=C1S JPNXREVRYWWBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YOLFWWMPGNMXFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-thiophen-2-yldisulfanylthiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1SSC1=CC=CS1 YOLFWWMPGNMXFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WULNDUPZYLKLBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethylbenzenethiol Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(S)=C1 WULNDUPZYLKLBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OZBVAEZOKDPKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-propylbenzenethiol Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC(S)=C1 OZBVAEZOKDPKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WWQQPHUHTAZWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylbenzenethiol Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(S)C=C1 WWQQPHUHTAZWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SXCFUQOVPQIRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-heptylbenzenethiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC1=CC=C(S)C=C1 SXCFUQOVPQIRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GDKQNVYPGBJRLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hexylbenzenethiol Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=C(S)C=C1 GDKQNVYPGBJRLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FTZVZGXEBXVWMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-octylbenzenethiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(S)C=C1 FTZVZGXEBXVWMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RMHIJJXBYFMPQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-pentylbenzenethiol Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=C(S)C=C1 RMHIJJXBYFMPQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TVLGECZCQTWNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propylbenzenethiol Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=C(S)C=C1 TVLGECZCQTWNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LZAZXBXPKRULLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl disulfide Chemical compound CC(C)SSC(C)C LZAZXBXPKRULLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VPIAKHNXCOTPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heptane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCS VPIAKHNXCOTPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ADJJLNODXLXTIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamantane-1-thiol Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(S)C3 ADJJLNODXLXTIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- WYLQRHZSKIDFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-dithiol Chemical compound SC1=CC=C(S)C=C1 WYLQRHZSKIDFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UENWRTRMUIOCKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl thiol Chemical compound SCC1=CC=CC=C1 UENWRTRMUIOCKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LOCHFZBWPCLPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-2-thiol Chemical compound CCC(C)S LOCHFZBWPCLPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanethiol Chemical compound CCCCS WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IRXGMJVFEMZSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,9-dithiol Chemical compound CC(S)CCCCCCCCS IRXGMJVFEMZSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FXOGYMXDUYOYKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS FXOGYMXDUYOYKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ORTRWBYBJVGVQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS ORTRWBYBJVGVQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YYHYWOPDNMFEAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS YYHYWOPDNMFEAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SEXOVMIIVBKGGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-thiol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S)=CC=CC2=C1 SEXOVMIIVBKGGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YTZKOQUCBOVLHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 YTZKOQUCBOVLHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WMXCDAVJEZZYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylthiol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S WMXCDAVJEZZYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GEKDEMKPCKTKEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane-1-thiol Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCS GEKDEMKPCKTKEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IPBROXKVGHZHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecane-1-thiol Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCS IPBROXKVGHZHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ODMTYGIDMVZUER-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane-1,11-dithiol Chemical compound SCCCCCCCCCCCS ODMTYGIDMVZUER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CCIDWXHLGNEQSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCS CCIDWXHLGNEQSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GAYUSSOCODCSNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(dodecyldisulfanyl)dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCCCCCCC GAYUSSOCODCSNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QYVIBJKOSSAQLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(tridecyldisulfanyl)tridecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCCCCCCCC QYVIBJKOSSAQLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JPZYXGPCHFZBHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopentadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN JPZYXGPCHFZBHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexanamine Chemical compound CCCCCCN BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WASYNLWEPOHNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trichloro-1-(1-methyl-4-nitropyrrol-2-yl)ethanone Chemical compound CN1C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1C(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl WASYNLWEPOHNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XDIAMRVROCPPBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CN XDIAMRVROCPPBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OILIYWFQRJOPAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-1h-benzimidazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2N1 OILIYWFQRJOPAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QTWKINKGAHTPFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(butan-2-yldisulfanyl)butane Chemical compound CCC(C)SSC(C)CC QTWKINKGAHTPFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RQOUFPLAXHLUAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-bromophenyl)methyl]-1h-benzimidazole Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1CC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2N1 RQOUFPLAXHLUAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XYDPQCXIGVLALP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1h-benzimidazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1CC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2N1 XYDPQCXIGVLALP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WWJQMOYSVGEMPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzenethiol;3-methylbenzenethiol;4-methylbenzenethiol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(S)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1S WWJQMOYSVGEMPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LKYIJNVZTLTJQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-chloroethyl)-2-phenyl-1h-benzimidazole Chemical compound N=1C=2C(CCCl)=CC=CC=2NC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 LKYIJNVZTLTJQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GAMYYCRTACQSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-azabenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=N1 GAMYYCRTACQSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WJYIASZWHGOTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heptylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCN WJYIASZWHGOTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IFGAFLQUAVLERP-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-n-heptyl disulfide Natural products CCCCCCCSSCCCCCCC IFGAFLQUAVLERP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KAJZYANLDWUIES-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN KAJZYANLDWUIES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl heptene Natural products CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HBXNJMZWGSCKPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-2-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)N HBXNJMZWGSCKPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCN DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IGEIPFLJVCPEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-amine Chemical compound CCCC(C)N IGEIPFLJVCPEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PQPFFKCJENSZKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-amine Chemical compound CCC(N)CC PQPFFKCJENSZKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BHRZNVHARXXAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylamine Chemical compound CCC(C)N BHRZNVHARXXAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCN ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VSRBKQFNFZQRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tuaminoheptane Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)N VSRBKQFNFZQRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SEZZRXXPRCBINH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,2-dimethylpropyldisulfanyl)-2,2-dimethylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CSSCC(C)(C)C SEZZRXXPRCBINH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AMNLXDDJGGTIPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethylbenzenethiol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S)C(C)=C1 AMNLXDDJGGTIPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KOXRUUGKLDCECO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-bromophenyl)-1h-benzimidazole Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2N1 KOXRUUGKLDCECO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetradecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- JYCQQPHGFMYQCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-Octylphenol monoethoxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OCCO)C=C1 JYCQQPHGFMYQCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004358 Butane-1, 3-diol Substances 0.000 description 1
- MIAURIZSWKSYAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCCCC)ON[N+](=O)[O-] Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCC)ON[N+](=O)[O-] MIAURIZSWKSYAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu+ Chemical compound [Cu+] VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004146 Propane-1,2-diol Substances 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001089 [(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methanol Substances 0.000 description 1
- MOFINMJRLYEONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].C=1C=CNC=1 Chemical compound [N].C=1C=CNC=1 MOFINMJRLYEONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052946 acanthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005600 alkyl phosphonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005133 alkynyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium lauryl sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940063953 ammonium lauryl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940047662 ammonium xylenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- OPVLOHUACNWTQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;2-dodecoxyethyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound N.CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOS(O)(=O)=O OPVLOHUACNWTQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001556 benzimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CO BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019437 butane-1,3-diol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YCKOAAUKSGOOJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper silver Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag].[Ag] YCKOAAUKSGOOJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSFKBZXCXCJZDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 NSFKBZXCXCJZDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- CSMFSDCPJHNZRY-UHFFFAOYSA-M decyl sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O CSMFSDCPJHNZRY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007416 differential thermogravimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical group OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079886 disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHIQYZGEUSTKSB-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;4-dodecoxy-4-oxo-3-sulfobutanoate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(S(O)(=O)=O)CC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(S(O)(=O)=O)CC([O-])=O KHIQYZGEUSTKSB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000011549 displacement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVACALAUIQMRDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O TVACALAUIQMRDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVBODZPPYSSMEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl sulfate;2-hydroxyethylazanium Chemical compound NCCO.CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O QVBODZPPYSSMEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZKFHQMONDVVNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl sulfate;tris(2-hydroxyethyl)azanium Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO.CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O JZKFHQMONDVVNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LRMHFDNWKCSEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyethane;phenol Chemical compound CCOCC.OC1=CC=CC=C1 LRMHFDNWKCSEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical class [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005313 fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XRVUFNZZLJWIBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hex-1-ene-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCC=C(O)O XRVUFNZZLJWIBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVTWBMUAJHVAIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,4-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CCCO QVTWBMUAJHVAIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Pb] LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043348 myristyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HESSGHHCXGBPAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3,5,6-trihydroxy-1-oxo-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexan-2-yl]acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC(C=O)C(O)C(C(O)CO)OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O HESSGHHCXGBPAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940116391 nonoxynol-4 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920004919 nonoxynol-6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Polymers CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002113 octoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ONQDVAFWWYYXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium lauryl sulfate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O ONQDVAFWWYYXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940116985 potassium lauryl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000923 precious metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010057 rubber processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001338 self-assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940056910 silver sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940067741 sodium octyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940048842 sodium xylenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DGSDBJMBHCQYGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-ethylhexyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COS([O-])(=O)=O DGSDBJMBHCQYGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LADXKQRVAFSPTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-hydroxyethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].OCCS([O-])(=O)=O LADXKQRVAFSPTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1C QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KVCGISUBCHHTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 KVCGISUBCHHTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CSMFSDCPJHNZRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid monodecyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O CSMFSDCPJHNZRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005494 tarnishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N thioindigo Chemical group S\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C/1=C1/C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical class CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical group [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
- H05K3/28—Applying non-metallic protective coatings
- H05K3/282—Applying non-metallic protective coatings for inhibiting the corrosion of the circuit, e.g. for preserving the solderability
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
- C09D5/082—Anti-corrosive paints characterised by the anti-corrosive pigment
- C09D5/086—Organic or non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/45—Anti-settling agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
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Description
本發明係有關增進用以製造電子及微電子裝置之銅基板的腐蝕保護性、可焊性及耐磨耗性。
電子裝置及裝飾物件一般施加金屬表面塗層以提供腐蝕保護性及其他所需之功能性。包含銅或銅合金基板之電子裝置一般係塗覆金屬表面塗層,其提供腐蝕保護性、高表面接觸電導係數及耐磨耗性。金屬表面塗層一般包含貴金屬,尤其是銀及金,其提供優異之腐蝕保護性。
例如,於印刷電路板製造中,可於銅電路上沈積銀薄層作為可焊性保持劑。銀通常係藉浸漬置換電鍍沈積,其中存在於電鍍組成物中之銀離子與表面銅原子接觸且依以下反應被其還原:
Cu(s)
+2Ag+ (aq)
=>Cu2+ (aq)
+2Ag(s)
。
還原-氧化反應將銀離子成銀金屬,於銅基板上形成黏著銀層。該方法係自限性,因為一旦銅表面覆蓋銀層,則銅原子不再可還原其他之銀離子。銅上之銀浸漬置換膜的一般厚度可介於約0.05及約0.8微米之間。參見,例如,U.S. 5,955,141;6,319,543;6,395,329;及6,860,925,其揭示係以引用方式併入本文,如同整體列出般。
製造銅引線框架及導體時及於PCB製造中作為備擇整理劑時,可於銅基板上施加金屬表面塗層,以得到抗腐蝕性及增高之耐磨耗性。一般,金非直接沈積於銅基板上,而是沈積於居間卑金屬底層上。卑金屬底層,一般為無電沈積鎳,係沈積於銅或銅合金基板上。卑金屬係作為擴散障壁。貴金屬覆層,諸如金、鈀或其合金,隨後(一般)藉由浸漬置換方法沈積於卑金屬底層塗層上。貴金屬覆層提供抗腐蝕性、耐磨耗性及高電導係數。習用無電鎳浸漬金方法(一般稱為ENIG)中,無電沈積鎳底層增加浸漬電鍍金覆層之硬度。此金屬表面一般稱為"經鎳硬化之金"或簡稱為"硬質金"。此等塗層之變化包括卑金屬合金底層、貴金屬合金覆層及包含二或多層卑金屬底層及/或二或多層貴金屬覆層之金屬表面塗層。
使用貴金屬諸如金及鈀之明顯缺點係為成本。有成本效率之連接器使用儘可能薄之貴金屬塗層,而不犧牲所需之功能性。是故,工業界一般採用位於電子連接器上約1.0μm等級厚度之貴金屬層。較薄層易產生塗層中孔隙度極度增加之缺點。在使用時,具有高度孔隙度之薄層無法有效對抗卑金屬及銅擴散至表面。在腐蝕環境中,暴露之卑金屬及銅會腐蝕,且腐蝕產物可轉移至塗層表面上而破壞表面接觸電導係數。而且,貴金屬薄層會在應用期間磨耗,縮短連接器之可用壽命。
浸鍍之貴金屬塗層(例如銀及金)所觀察到之特別問題是在銅及貴金屬間之特定裸露銅界面處的銅鹽潛變腐蝕。例如,浸漬銀置換電鍍方法可能無法充分塗覆PCB中之銅線路,尤其是在經電鍍之通孔及高寬高比封閉介層孔。此等位置之腐蝕本身展現為環繞介層孔及經電鍍之通孔的環狀環。
而且,銀易被存在於環境中之經還原之硫化合物(例如硫化氫)所硫化,尤其是在紙加工廠、橡膠加工廠及高污染性環境中。銀之充分硫化可造成局部孔隙,可能使銅暴露至該環境下。濕氣及環境污染物可使銅氧化並硫化,形成可能經由銀層中之孔隙而潛變之銅鹽。
於一態樣中,本發明係有關一種增進銅或銅合金基板之表面的抗腐蝕性之方法。該方法包含於銅或銅合金基板之表面上沈積包含貴金屬之金屬表面層;及使具有金屬表面層之銅或銅合金基板暴露於包含以下組份之水性組成物:(a)包含至少一個與貴金屬表面相互作用並保護貴金屬表面之官能基的第一種有機分子,(b)包含至少一個與銅表面相互作用並保護銅表面之官能基的第二種有機分子,及(c)界面活性劑。
本發明亦有關一種用於增進銅或銅合金基板之表面的抗腐蝕性之組成物,包含位於銅或銅合金基板之表面上的銀及/或金塗層,該組成物包含(a)濃度介於約1及約10g/L之間的第一種有機分子,此分子選自硫醇(thiol)(硫醇(mercaptan))、二硫化物、硫醚、硫醛、硫酮及其組合物且與貴金屬表面相互作用並保護貴金屬表面,(b)濃度介於約1及約10g/L之間的第二種有機分子,此分子選自一級胺、二級胺、三級胺、包含氮之芳族雜環及其組合物且與銅表面相互作用並保護銅表面,及(c)界面活性劑。
其他目的及特色有一部分係顯而易見且一部分係陳述於下文。
發明具體實施態樣之詳述
本發明係有關一種將保護性有機薄膜施加至在表面上具有金屬塗層之銅基板的方法及組成物。於一具體實施態樣中,該金屬塗層係包含貴金屬。於一具體實施態樣中,該方法及組成物係將保護性有機薄膜施加至包含銀之金屬塗層。其中之一具體實施態樣中,該包含銀之金屬塗層係藉浸漬置換電鍍方法施加。另一具體實施態樣中,該方法及組成物係將保護性有機薄膜施加至包含金之金屬塗層。其中之一具體實施態樣中,該包含金之金屬塗層係藉浸漬置換電鍍方法施加。
保護性有機薄膜特別適用於保存具有貴金屬表層之銅或銅合金基板的可焊性。適於以本發明有機保護性薄膜保護之銅基板包括印刷電路板中之銅電路、晶片載體、半導體基板、金屬引線框架及其他可焊接銅基板。此等基板可塗覆貴金屬,尤其是包含銀、金或其組合物之金屬塗層。
銀浸漬置換電鍍係為在印刷電路板(PCB)製造中保留銅導電性圖型及鍍銅通孔之可焊性的特佳方法。銀浸鍍係為自限性方法,產生一般厚度介於約0.05微米及約0.8微米之間,一般介於約0.15微米及約0.40微米之間的銀層。特定浸漬方法及組成物可鍍厚度超出該寬幅範圍之銀層。如前文所述,浸鍍之銀可能無法適當地保護銅表面,諸如位在銅及銀間裸銅界面處之表面,尤其是位在PCB基板中經電鍍之通孔及高寬高比封閉介層孔處的表面。而且,浸鍍之銀塗層易因硫化及氧化而形成孔隙,尤其是在高污染環境中。是故,本發明係有關一種在浸鍍之銀塗層以外於銅表面上另外提供保護性有機薄膜以提供腐蝕保護層的方法。於一具體實施態樣中,施加保護性有機薄膜之方法因此包括使表面上具有浸鍍之銀塗層的銅基板暴露於用於增進浸鍍之銀塗層的抗腐蝕性且保持銅導線及鍍銅之通孔的可焊性之組成物。
本發明因此另外有關該種組成物。本發明組成物係包含有包含至少一個與貴金屬表面相互作用並保護該表面之官能基的有機分子。尤其,該有機分子係包含包含至少一個與銀表面、金表面或同時包含銀及金之表面相互作用並保護該表面之官能基。該種有機分子有效地充填貴金屬層中之孔隙,以抑制銅潛變腐蝕,且有效地以自組型保護性有機薄膜覆蓋貴金屬表面。
本發明另外有關一種組成物,其包含有包含至少一個與銅表面相互作用並保護該表面之官能基的有機分子。該種有機分子可與銅表面反應,藉以形成可抑制對水、環境濕氣及其他可能腐蝕銅表面之污染物的暴露之自組型保護性有機薄膜。
本發明再另外有關一種組成物,其包含有包含至少一個與貴金屬表面相互作用並保護貴金屬表面之官能基的有機分子及包含至少一個與銅表面相互作用並保護銅表面之官能基的有機分子。
於一具體實施態樣中,該包含至少一個與貴金屬表面相互作用並保護該表面之官能基的有機分子係包含硫原子。包含硫原子之官能基係包括硫醇(thiol)(硫醇(mercaptan))、二硫化物、硫醚、硫醛及硫酮。該組成物可包含硫醇(硫醇)、二硫化物、硫醚、硫醛及硫酮之組合物。在不受縛於特定理論下,推論硫原子中未共用電子對形成硫-貴金屬鍵,而於貴金屬塗層上自身組成保護性有機薄膜,其中該薄膜係包含自組型單層,此單層包含有包含鍵結至貴金屬表面之硫原子的有機分子。於一具體實施態樣中,銅基板係塗覆藉例如浸漬置換電鍍沈積之銀塗層,且存在於該有機分子之硫原子形成硫-銀鍵。於一具體實施態樣中,銅基板係塗覆藉例如浸漬置換電鍍沈積之金塗層,且存在於該有機分子之硫原子形成硫-金鍵。含硫化合物一般係包含有機成分,藉由使薄膜更具疏水性且因此更可排拒水及環境濕氣而增進有機保護性薄膜之功率。
於一具體實施態樣中,該包含至少一個與貴金屬表面相互作用並保護該表面之官能基的有機分子係為硫醇。硫醇具有以下一般結構(I):
其中R1
係為具有一個碳原子至約24個碳原子之烴基、具有約五個至約十四個碳原子之芳基或其中烴基具有一個碳原子至約24個碳原子且芳基具有約五個至約十四個碳原子的芳基烴基。烴基較佳係包含介於約六個碳原子及約18個碳原子之間。芳基較佳係包含介於約四個及約十個碳原子之間。芳基可包含一個五員環或六員環或稠合二環系統,其中該二環係包括五員環及六員環或兩個六員環。芳基及烴基可經取代或未經取代。一般取代基係包括短碳鏈分支烷基,一般具有一至四個碳原子,即甲基、乙基、丙基及丁基取代基及芳族基團諸如苯基、萘基及包含氮、氧及硫之芳族雜環。其他取代基係包括胺、硫醇、羧酸酯、磷酸酯、膦酸酯、硫酸酯、磺酸酯、鹵素、羥基、烷氧基、芳基氧基、經保護之羥基、酮基、醯基、醯氧基、硝基、氰基、酯及醚。於一較佳具體實施態樣中,R1
係為烴基,不經其他基團取代,且係為直鏈烷基,因為直鏈烷基有利於在貴金屬表面塗層上達成所需之致密堆積自組型單層。可應用於本發明組成物之例示烷硫醇包括單獨或組合之乙烷硫醇;1-丙烷硫醇;2-丙烷硫醇;2-丙烯-1-硫醇;1-丁烷硫醇;2-丁烷硫醇;2-甲基-1-丙烷硫醇;2-甲基-2-丙烷硫醇;2-甲基-1-丁烷硫醇;1-戊烷硫醇;2,2-二甲基-1-丙烷硫醇;1-己烷硫醇;1,6-己烷二硫醇;1-庚烷硫醇;2-乙基己烷硫醇;1-辛烷硫醇;1,8-辛烷二硫醇;1-壬烷硫醇;1,9-壬烷二硫醇;1-癸烷硫醇;1-金剛烷硫醇;1,11-十一烷二硫醇;1-十一烷硫醇;1-十二烷硫醇;三級十二烷硫醇;1-十三烷硫醇;1-十四烷硫醇;1-十五烷硫醇;1-十六烷硫醇;1-十七烷硫醇;1-十八烷硫醇;1-十九烷硫醇;及1-二十烷硫醇。
另一較佳具體實施態樣中,R1
係包含芳族環。芳基硫醇亦於貴金屬表面塗層上完成高度疏水性、致密堆積之自組型單層。可應用於本發明組成物之例示芳基硫醇包括單獨或組合之苯硫醇;2-甲基苯硫醇;3-甲基苯硫醇;4-甲基苯硫醇;2-乙基苯硫醇;3-乙基苯硫醇;4-乙基苯硫醇;2-丙基苯硫醇;3-丙基苯硫醇;4-丙基苯硫醇;2-三級丁基苯硫醇;4-三級丁基苯硫醇;4-戊基苯硫醇;4-己基苯硫醇;4-庚基苯硫醇;4-辛基苯硫醇;4-壬基苯硫醇;4-癸基苯硫醇;苄基硫醇;2,4-二甲苯硫醇、糠基硫醇;1-萘硫醇;2-萘硫醇;及4,4'-二巰基聯苯。
於一具體實施態樣中,該包含至少一個與貴金屬表面相互作用並保護該表面之官能基的有機分子係為二硫化物。二硫化物可藉由兩個硫醇之氧化形成且可具有以下結構(II):
其中R1
及R2
各獨立地為具有介於一個碳原子及約24個碳原子間之烴基,具有介於約五個及約十四個間之碳原子的芳基或其中烴基具有一個碳原子至約24個碳原子且芳基具有約五個至約十四個碳原子的芳基烴基。烴基較佳係包含介於約六個碳原子及約18個碳原子之間。芳基較佳係包含介於約四個及約十個碳原子之間。芳基可包含一個五員環或六員環或稠合二環系統,其中該二環係包括五員環及六員環或兩個六員環。芳基及烴基可經取代或未經取代。芳基及烴基可經取代或未經取代。一般取代基係包括短碳鏈分支烷基,一般具有一至四個碳原子,即甲基、乙基、丙基及丁基取代基及芳族基團諸如苯基、萘基及包含氮、氧及硫之芳族雜環。其他取代基係包括胺、硫醇、羧酸酯、磷酸酯、膦酸酯、硫酸酯、磺酸酯、鹵素、羥基、烷氧基、芳基氧基、經保護之羥基、酮基、醯基、醯氧基、硝基、氰基、酯及醚。於一較佳具體實施態樣中,R1
及R2
烴基不經其他基團取代,且係為直鏈烷基,因為直鏈烷基有利於在貴金屬表面塗層上達成所需之致密堆積自組型單層。可應用於本發明組成物之例示二硫化物包括單獨或組合之二乙基二硫化物、二-正丙基二硫化物、二異丙基二硫化物、二烯丙基二硫化物、二-正丁基二硫化物、二-二級丁基二硫化物、二異丁基二硫化物、二-三級丁基二硫化物、二-正戊基二硫化物、二-新戊基二硫化物、二-正己基二硫化物、二-正庚基二硫化物、二-正辛基二硫化物、二-正壬基二硫化物、二-正癸基二硫化物、二-正十二烷基二硫化物、二-正十三碳基二硫化物、二-正十四碳基二硫化物、二-正十五碳基二硫化物、二-正十六碳基二硫化物、二-正十七碳基二硫化物、二-正十八碳基二硫化物、二-正癸基二硫化物;二-十一碳基二硫化物、二-十二烷基二硫化物、二-十六碳基二硫化物。
另一較佳具體實施態樣中,R1
及R2
係包含芳族環。推論硫-硫鍵可能在芳族二硫化物時較容易斷裂,使得硫原子更容易用於鍵結至銀或金。芳基硫醇亦於貴金屬表面塗層上完成高度疏水性、致密堆積之自組型單層。可應用於本發明組成物之例示芳基硫醇包括單獨或組合之二苄基二硫化物、二噻吩基二硫化物及2-萘基二硫化物。
該包含至少一個與貴金屬表面相互作用並保護該表面之官能基的有機分子可添加至本發明表面處理組成物中之濃度介於約0.01重量%(約0.1g/L)及約10重量%(約100g/L)之間,較佳介於約0.1重量%(約1.0g/L)及約1.0重量%(約10g/L)之間。含硫化合物係以至少0.1g/L添加至組成物,以達到適當之表面塗層覆蓋性及保護性。約100g/L之最大濃度係基於化合物溶解度估計,因此可視含硫化合物本體而高於或低於所述之量。較佳組成物中,該包含至少一個與貴金屬表面相互作用並保護該表面之官能基的有機分子係為添加濃度介於約0.5g/L及約10.0g/L之間(例如,約5.0g/L)的1-十八烷硫醇。
於一具體實施態樣中,包含至少一個與銅表面相互作用並保護該表面之官能基的有機分子係包含氮原子。是故,有機官能基係為胺。胺係為包含氮之官能基,一般鍵結於有機官能基諸如烴基、芳基或芳族雜環或為其一部分。可應用之胺因此係包括一級胺、二級胺、三級胺及包含氮之芳族雜環。組成物可包含胺之組合物。在不受縛於特定理論下,推論胺官能基中之未共用電子對形成氮-銅鍵結,藉以於銅導電層上形成保護性有機薄膜,其中該薄膜係包含胺鍵結於銅表面及有機取代基之氮原子。
於一具體實施態樣中,該胺係為具有以下一般結構(III)之一級胺、二級胺或三級胺:
其中R1
、R2
及R3
各獨立地為氫或具有介於一個碳原子及約24個碳原子間之烴基且R1
、R2
及R3
中至少一基團具有介於一個碳原子及約24個碳原子間之烴基。烴基較佳係包含介於約六個碳原子及約18個碳原子之間。烴基可經取代或未經取代。一般取代基係包括短碳鏈分支烷基,一般具有一至四個碳原子,即甲基、乙基、丙基及丁基取代基及芳族基團諸如苯基、萘基及包含氮、氧及硫之芳族雜環。其他取代基係包括胺、硫醇、羧酸酯、磷酸酯、膦酸酯、硫酸酯、磺酸酯、鹵素、羥基、烷氧基、芳基氧基、經保護之羥基、酮基、醯基、醯氧基、硝基、氰基、酯及醚。於一較佳具體實施態樣中,R1
、R2
及R3
中僅有一基團係未經取代之烴基及直鏈烷基,因為包含直鏈烷基之一級胺有利於在銅表面上達成所需之致密堆積自組型單層。可應用於本發明組成物之例示一級胺單獨或組合地包括胺基乙烷、1-胺基丙烷、2-胺基丙烷、1-胺基丁烷、2-胺基丁烷、1-胺基-2-甲基丙烷、2-胺基-2-甲基丙烷、1-胺基戊烷、2-胺基戊烷、3-胺基戊烷、新-戊基胺、1-胺基己烷、1-胺基庚烷、2-胺基庚烷、1-胺基辛烷、2-胺基辛烷、1-胺基壬烷、1-胺基癸烷、1-胺基十二烷、1-胺基十三烷、1-胺基十四烷、1-胺基十五烷、1-胺基十六烷、1-胺基十七烷及1-胺基十八烷。
較佳具體實施態樣中,與銅表面相互作用並保護該表面之有機官能基係為包含氮之芳族雜環。推論包含氮之芳族雜環藉由與銅導電層表面上之銅(I)離子相互作用而另外保護銅表面。與銅(I)離子之相互作用形成不可溶以銅(I)為主之有機金屬,沉澱於銅導電層表面上。此沉澱物亦被推論為胺(尤其是雜環性芳族胺)藉以於銅導電層表面上形成保護性有機薄膜之另一機制。
適用於本發明組成物之包含氮的芳族雜環係包含於5-員環中之氮(唑類)。該5-員可稠合至另一5-員或6-員芳族環,此環亦可為包含氮原子之雜環性環。此外,芳族雜環可包含一或多個氮原子,一般,芳族雜環係包含介於一及四個之間的氮原子。唑類可具有以下一般結構(IV):
其中R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
及R5
各為選自碳及氮之原子,其中R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
及R5
基團間之一至四者係為氮,且R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
及R5
基團間之一至四者係為碳;且R11
、R22
、R33
、R44
及R55
各獨立地選自氫、碳、硫、氧及氮。
結構(I)之R11
、R22
、R33
、R44
及R55
中之任何一者或多者可為碳,其中該碳係為具有介於一個碳原子及24個碳原子間之脂族基團的一部分或具有介於兩個碳原子及十四個碳原子間之芳基的一部分。脂族基團及芳基可經取代或未經取代。脂族基團可為分支鏈或直鏈。除非另有陳述,否則經取代脂族基團或經取代芳基係經至少一個碳以外之原子所取代,包括其中碳鏈原子經雜原子(諸如氮、氧、矽、磷、硼、硫或鹵原子)取代之部分。脂族基團或芳基可經一或多個以下取代基所取代:鹵素、雜環、烷氧基、烯氧基、炔氧基、芳基氧基、羥基、經保護之羥基、羥基羰基、酮基、醯基、醯氧基、硝基、胺基、醯胺基、硝基、膦基、氰基、硫醇、縮酮、縮醛、酯及醚。
結構(IV)中,任一對連續之R11
、R22
、R33
、R44
及R55
(例如R11
及R22
或R22
及R33
)可與其所鍵結之碳或氮原子一起形成經取代或未經取代環烷基或經取代或未經取代芳基,對應之連續R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
及R5
對(例如R11
及R22
與R1
及R2
形成環)使得由R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
及R5
基團所定義之環稠合於另一環。此環可包含一或兩個氮原子。較佳,連續R11
、R22
、R33
、R44
及R55
及對應之連續R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
及R5
形成六員芳族環。
於一具體實施態樣中,結構(IV)之唑係不經取代。可應用於本發明組成物之例示未經取代唑類係列示於表I。較佳未經取代唑類係包括咪唑、三唑、吡唑、苯并咪唑、嘌呤、咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶及苯并三唑。其中,苯并咪唑特佳。
於一具體實施態樣中,結構(IV)之唑係為經取代之唑。於一具體實施態樣中,唑化合物係為經取代咪唑,其具有以下一般結構(V):
其中R22
、R44
及R55
係如有關結構(IV)所定義。
於一具體實施態樣中,唑化合物係為2-經取代咪唑,其具有以下一般結構(VI):
其中R22
係如有關結構(IV)所定義。
於一具體實施態樣中,唑化合物係為2,4-經取代咪唑,其具有以下一般結構(VII):
其中R55
可為氫或甲基,且各種R基團可為氫、烷基、鹵基、烷氧基、烷基胺基、氰基及硝基。較佳,A基團係為氫或鹵基。鹵基可為氯基、溴基或碘基,較佳,鹵基係為氯基。
於一具體實施態樣中,唑化合物係為苯并咪唑衍生物,其具有以下一般結構(VIII):
其中R22
係如有關結構(IV)所定義;且R66
、R77
、R88
及R99
係獨立選自氫、鹵基、硝基及經取代或未經取代烴基、經取代或未經取代烷氧基、經取代或未經取代胺基及氰基。
就結構(VIII)而言,鹵基可選自氯基、溴基及碘基。較佳,該鹵基係為氯基。
而且,該經取代或未經取代烴基可選自經取代或未經取代烷基、經取代或未經取代烯基、經取代或未經取代炔基及經取代或未經取代芳基。該經取代或未經取代烴基一般具有一至約二十五個碳原子,更一般一至約十二個碳原子,諸如一至約七個碳原子。烴基可為甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、三級丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、苯基或苄基。位於經取代烴基上之一般取代基係包括硝基、胺基、鹵基、氰基、羰基、羧基、羥基及烷氧基。較佳取代基係為鹵基,其可為氯基、溴基或碘基。較佳,該鹵基取代基係為氯基。
另外,該經取代或未經取代烷氧基及經取代或未經取代胺基一般具有一至約二十五個碳原子,更一般一至約十二個碳原子,諸如一至約六個碳原子。位於經取代烷氧基及經取代胺上之一般取代基係包括硝基、胺基、鹵基、氰基、羰基、羧基、羥基及烷氧基。
於一具體實施態樣中,唑成分係為2-經取代苯并咪唑,其具有以下一般結構(IX):
其中R22
係如有關結構(IV)所定義。
例示經取代唑類係包括2-(3,4-二氯苄基)-苯并咪唑;2-溴苄基苯并咪唑;2-溴苯基苯并咪唑;2-溴乙基苯基苯并咪唑;2-氯苄基苯并咪唑;2-氯苯基苯并咪唑;及2-氯乙基苯基苯并咪唑。
包含至少一個與銅表面相互作用並保護該表面之有機官能基的分子可存在於組成物中之濃度至少約0.1g/L。濃度一般為此最低濃度或以上,以達到適當之基板覆蓋性得到腐蝕保護性。一般,包含至少一個與銅表面相互作用並保護該表面之有機官能基的分子之濃度至少約1.0g/L,更一般至少約4.0g/L。包含至少一個與銅表面相互作用並保護該表面之有機官能基的分子可存在於組成物中之濃度最高達溶解度極限。一般,包含至少一個與銅表面相互作用並保護該表面之有機官能基的分子之濃度最高約10.0g/L。是故,包含至少一個與銅表面相互作用並保護該表面之有機官能基的分子之濃度可介於約0.1g/L至在組成物中溶解度極限之間,一般介於約1.0g/L及約10g/L之間,更一般介於約4.0g/L及約10g/L之間。
組成物較佳為包含前述有機分子之水溶液。本發明組成物可進一步包含醇、界面活性劑及鹼性pH調節劑。
於組成物中併入醇促進有機分子之溶解度。可應用之醇係包括醇、二醇、三元醇及更高階多元醇。適當之醇係包括乙醇、丙醇、異丙醇、正丁醇、異丁醇、三級丁醇、乙二醇、丙烷-1,2-二醇、丁烷-1,2-二醇、丁烷-1,3-二醇、丁烷-1,4-二醇、丙烷-1,3-二醇、己烷-1,4-二醇、己烷-1,5-二醇、己烷-1,6-二醇、2-甲氧基乙醇、2-乙氧基乙醇、2-丙氧基乙醇、2-丁氧基乙醇等。有不飽和二醇,諸如丁烯-二醇、己烯-二醇,及炔類諸如丁炔二醇。適當之三元醇係為甘油。其他醇係包括三乙二醇、二乙二醇、二乙二醇甲基醚、三乙二醇單甲基醚、三乙二醇二甲基醚、丙二醇、二丙二醇、烯丙醇、糠醇及四氫糠醇。
醇可存在於組成物中之濃度至少約10mL/L。一般,醇之濃度至少約100mL/L,更一般至少約150mL/L。醇可存在於組成物中之濃度最高達其於水中之溶解度。採用完全由醇組成之溶劑系統係為本發明範圍內。在其中醇為補充溶劑之水性溶劑系統中,醇濃度一般低於約500mL/L,更一般低於約200mL/L。是故,醇濃度可介於約10mL/L及約500mL/L之間,一般介於約150mL/L及約200mL/L之間。
可添加界面活性劑以增進銅及銀表面之潤濕性。界面活性劑可為陽離子性、陰離子性、非離子性或兩性。特別之界面活性劑可單獨使用或與其他界面活性劑組合使用。其中一類界面活性劑係包含親水性頭基及疏水性尾部。與陰離子性界面活性劑有關之親水性頭基係包括羧酸根、磺酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根及膦酸根。與陽離子性界面活性劑有關之親水性頭基係包括四級胺、硫鎓及鏻。四級胺係包括四級銨、吡啶鎓、聯吡啶鎓及咪唑鎓。與非離子性界面活性劑有關之親水性頭基係包括醇及醯胺。與兩性界面活性劑有關之親水性頭基係包括甜菜鹼。疏水性尾部一般係包含烴鏈。烴鏈一般係包含介於約六及約24個之間的碳原子,更一般介於約八至約16個間之碳原子。
例示陰離子性界面活性劑係包括烷基膦酸酯、烷基醚磷酸酯、烷基硫酸酯、烷基醚硫酸酯、烷基磺酸酯、烷基醚磺酸酯、羧酸醚、羧酸酯、烷基芳基磺酸酯及磺基琥珀酸酯。陰離子性界面活性劑係包括任一硫酸酯,諸如市售商標ULTRAFAX者,包括硫酸月桂酯鈉、月桂醇醚硫酸鈉(2 EO)、月桂醇醚鈉、月桂醇醚硫酸鈉(3 EO)、硫酸月桂酯銨、月桂醇醚硫酸銨、TEA-硫酸月桂酯、TEA-月桂醇醚硫酸、MEA-硫酸月桂酯、MEA-月桂醇醚硫酸、硫酸月桂酯鉀、月桂醇醚硫酸鉀、硫酸癸酯鈉、硫酸辛基/癸基酯鈉、硫酸2-乙基己酯鈉、硫酸辛酯鈉、壬苯醇醚-4硫酸鈉、壬苯醇醚-6硫酸鈉、枯烯硫酸鈉及壬苯醇醚-6硫酸銨;磺酸酯,諸如α-烯烴磺酸鈉、二甲苯磺酸銨、二甲苯磺酸鈉、甲苯磺酸鈉、苯磺酸十二烷酯及木質磺酸酯;磺基琥珀酸酯界面活性劑,諸如磺基琥珀酸月桂酯二鈉、月桂醇醚磺基琥珀酸二鈉;及其他,包括2-羥基乙磺酸椰酯鈉、磷酸月桂酯、ULTRAPHOS系列中任一磷酸酯、Cyastat609(硫甲酸N,N-雙(2-羥基乙基)-N-(3'-十二烷基氧基-2'-羥基丙基)甲銨)及CyastatLS(甲基硫酸(3-月桂醯胺基丙基)三甲基銨),購自Cytec Industries。
例示陽離子性界面活性劑係包括四級銨鹽,諸如氯化十二烷基三甲基銨、溴化物及氯化物之十六碳基三甲基銨鹽、溴化物及氯化物之十六碳基三甲基銨鹽、氯化物及溴化物之烷基二甲基苄基銨鹽及諸如此類者。就此言之,界面活性劑諸如Lodyne 106A(氯化氟烷基銨陽離子性界面活性劑28-30%)及Ammonyx 4002(氯化十八碳基二甲基苄基銨陽離子性界面活性劑)特佳。
較佳具體實施態樣中,界面活性劑係非離子性。一種非離子性界面活性劑係包括包含以例如氧化乙烯(EO)重現單元及/或氧化丙烯(PO)重現單元為主之聚醚基團者。此等界面活性劑一般為非離子性。具有聚醚鏈之界面活性劑可包含介於約1及約36個間之EO重現單元,介於約1及約36個間之PO重現單元或介於約1及約36個間之EO重現單元及PO重現單元的組合。更一般聚醚鏈係包含介於約2及約24個間之EO重現單元,介於約2及約24個間之PO重現單元或介於約2及約24個間之EO重現單元及PO重現單元的組合。再更一般聚醚鏈係包含介於約6及約15個間之EO重現單元,介於約6及約15個間之PO重現單元或介於約6及約15個間之EO重現單元及PO重現單元的組合。此等界面活性劑可包含EO重現單元及PO重現單元之嵌段,例如,被兩PO重現單元嵌段包圍之EO重現單元嵌段或被兩EO重現單元嵌段所包圍之PO重現單元嵌段。另一類聚醚界面活性劑係包含交替之PO及EO重現單元。在此類型界面活性劑中尤其有聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇及聚丙二醇/聚乙二醇。
再另一類非離子性界面活性劑係包含建構於醇或酚基本基團之EO、PO或EO/PO重現單元,諸如甘油醚、丁醇醚、戊醇醚、己醇醚、庚醇醚、辛醇醚、壬醇醚、癸醇醚、十二烷醇醚、十四烷醇醚、酚醚、經烷基取代酚醚、α-萘酚醚及β-萘酚醚。就經烷基取代酚醚而言,酚基係經具有介於約1及約10個間之碳原子的烴鏈所取代,諸如約8(辛基酚)或約9個碳原子(壬基酚)。聚醚鏈可包含介於約1及約24個間之EO重現單元,介於約1及約24個間之PO重現單元或介於約1及約24個間之EO及PO重現單元的組合物。更一般聚醚鏈係包含介於約8及約16個間之EO重現單元,介於約8及約16個間之PO重現單元或介於約8及約16個間之EO及PO重現單元的組合。再更一般聚醚鏈係包含約9、約10、約11或約12個EO重現單元;約9、約10、約11或約12個PO重現單元;或約9、約10、約11或約12個EO重現單元及PO重現單元之組合物。
例示β-萘酚衍生物非離子性界面活性劑係為Lugalvan BNO12,其係為具有12個鍵結至萘酚羥基之氧化乙烯單體單元的β-萘酚乙氧化物。類似之界面活性劑有Polymax NPA-15,其係為聚乙氧基化壬基酚。另一界面活性劑為Triton-X100非離子性界面活性劑,其係為辛基酚乙氧化物,一般具有約9或10個EO重現單元。其他市售非離子性界面活性劑係包括購自BASF之Pluronic系列界面活性劑。Pluronic界面活性劑係包括P系列之EO/PO嵌段共聚物,包括P65,P84、P85、P103、P104、P105及P123,購自BASF;F系列之EO/PO嵌段共聚物,包括F108、F127、F38、F68、F77、F87、F88、F98,購自BASF;及L系列之EO/PO嵌段共聚物,包括L10、L101、L121、L31、L35、L44、L61、L62、L64、L81及L92,購自BASF。
其他市售非離子性界面活性劑係包括水溶性、乙氧基化非離子性氟界面活性劑,購自DuPont且市售商標Zonyl,包括ZonylFSN(Telomar B Monoether,聚乙二醇非離子性界面活性劑)、ZonylFSN-100、ZonylFS-300、ZonylFS-500、ZonylFS-510、ZonylFS-610、ZonylFSP及ZonylUR。其他非離子性界面活性劑係包括胺縮合物,諸如椰子醯胺DEA及椰子醯胺MEA,市售商標ULTRAFAX。其他類型之非離子性界面活性劑係包括酸乙氧基化脂肪酸(聚乙氧基-酯),其包含以一般包含介於約1及約36個間之EO重現單元聚醚基酯化的脂肪酸。甘油酯包含一、二或三個位於甘油基質上之脂肪酸基團。
界面活性劑存在於較佳組成物中之濃度可至少約0.01g/L。許多界面活性劑於極低濃度下提供有效之潤濕。可調整最低濃度以達到適當之潤濕,其部分視界面活性劑之本體而定。一般,界面活性劑濃度至少約0.1g/L,更一般至少約0.5g/L。界面活性劑可存在於抗腐蝕組成物中之濃度低於約10.0g/L。一般,界面活性劑濃度係低於約5.0g/L,更一般低於約2.0g/L。
本發明組成物較佳具有介於約1.0及約12.0間之pH,一般介於約7.0及約11.0之間。組成物較佳為鹼性,因為於鹼性溶液中,保護性有機塗層之形成較於酸性溶液中形成迅速。鹼性調整可使用鹼性pH調節劑達成,諸如氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、四級胺之氫氧化物諸如氫氧化四甲基銨、氫氧化四乙基銨及諸如此類者。一般,鹼性pH調節劑之濃度係足以達到所需之鹼性pH,且可介於約0.01g/L及約10.0g/L之間,一般介於約0.01g/L及約2.0g/L之間,更一般介於約0.1g/L及約0.5g/L之間。
於一特佳具體實施態樣中,組成物不含鹼金屬氫氧化物,僅使用替用劑諸如四硼酸鈉調節pH。
本發明另一態樣係有關一種增進表面上具有貴金屬塗層的可焊銅基板之抗腐蝕性的方法。該方法包括使表面上具有貴金屬塗層之銅基板暴露至一組成物,該組成物包含有包含至少一個與銅表面相互作用且保護該表面之有機官能基的分子及包含至少一個貴金屬表面相互作用且保護該表面之有機官能基的分子。
於一具體實施態樣中,貴金屬塗層係包含銀。銀塗層可藉技術界已知之浸鍍銀塗覆法沈積於銅基板上。例如,可應用U.S. Pub. No. 2006/0024430(整體以引用方式併入本文)所述之以浸鍍銀塗覆銅基板的方法。浸漬銀塗層之市售化學品係係包括AlphaSTAR,購自Enthone Inc.(West Haven,CT)。
於一具體實施態樣中,貴金屬塗層係包含金。金塗層可藉技術界已知之浸鍍金塗覆法沈積於銅基板上。一般,浸鍍之金塗層係沈積於卑金屬底層上,即直接沈積於銅基板上。一般,卑金屬底層係包括鎳層及鈷層,各藉無電沈積來沈積。例如,用以將浸漬金塗層沈積於無電鎳底層上之市售化學物質有SEL-REXSelect,購自Enthone Inc.(West Haven,CT)。
組成物可藉任何足以達到適當之基板表面覆蓋性的方式施加至基板。適當係表示暴露方法確保裸銅區域被組成物所覆蓋,例如,位在具有浸漬銀整理劑及可能存在於浸漬銀塗層中之孔隙的PCB基板中高寬高比封閉介層孔及經電鍍之通孔處的銅-銀界面。適當之覆蓋性確保組成物中之分子可與裸銅表面及貴金屬表面以足以於銅及貴金屬表面上形成保護性有機薄膜之方式相互作用。暴露可藉由浸泡、沾浸、瀑落或噴灑。一般暴露時間可至少約10秒,諸如介於約30秒及約120秒之間或介於約30秒及約60秒之間。是故,本發明方法達成快速基板塗覆。組成物之溫度可於室溫至約55℃之間變動,諸如介於約20℃及約45℃之間或介於約25℃及約45℃之間。為增進裸銅區域對塗覆之暴露,暴露可藉由例如擦洗、刷塗、刮漿、攪動、攪拌等完成。銅基板暴露至組成物之後,基板可淋洗(一般使用去離子水)約10秒至約2分鐘之間。
本發明另一態樣係有關施加於沈積在可焊銅基板上之浸鍍之銀塗層上的保護性有機薄膜。表層上具有浸鍍之銀塗層之銅基板暴露於本發明組成物於銀表面及暴露之銅表面兩者上皆形成保護性有機薄膜。該保護性有機薄膜係兼含有包含至少一個與銅表面相互作用且保護該表面之有機官能基的分子及包含至少一個與銀表面相互作用且保護該表面之有機官能基的分子。此保護性有機薄膜之繪圖係出示於圖1,其中組成保護性有機薄膜之分子的官能基證實與銅基板及浸漬銀塗層兩者皆相互作用,例如唑與銅表面相互作用並保護該表面,且硫醇與銀層相互作用並保護該層。
分子藉由自組型吸附與銅及貴金屬表面相互作用並於其上形成保護性有機薄膜。是故,分子於銅及銀表面上自組成單層。是故,保護性有機薄膜係為相對致密疏水性薄膜,可提供改善之抗周圍濕氣的保護性,如此又改善浸漬銀塗層之抗腐蝕性及抗硫化性。
本發明保護性有機薄膜可另外具有高度熱安定性的特徵,尤其是對於在無鉛回流期間一般所達之溫度。本發明保護性有機塗層較習用有機塗層(諸如OSP)更可承受回流溫度,如差示掃描熱量法及熱重分析所示。例如,保護性有機塗層於高達約254℃之溫度具安定性,在高達274℃之溫度僅損失5%薄膜。此有利地等同於錫-鉛共晶焊料之一般回流溫度,該焊料一般在介於約230℃及約240℃間之溫度回流。而且,保護性有機塗層可承受多個無鉛回流製程。
最後,發現保護性有機塗層對銅基板之視覺外觀及可焊性不具有負面影響。可焊性係由潤濕平衡測試及接觸電阻顯示。
在詳細描述本發明之後,應明瞭可在不偏離所附申請專利範圍所定義之發明範圍下進行修飾及改變。
實施例1.銅基板上之浸漬銀電鍍
銅包覆FR-4層積基板使用AlphaSTAR化學(取自Enthone Inc.,West Haven,Conn.)鍍上浸漬銀層。銅包覆FR-4層積基板浸入包含以下成分之浸漬銀電鍍浴中:
銀離子(3.0g/L)
AlphaSTAR添加劑(300mL/L)
其餘量之水。
銅包覆FR-4層積基板浸入浸漬銀電鍍浴中歷經三分鐘以於銅覆層上沈積銀薄層,具有約0.2微米厚度之銀層。剛鍍銀之層積基板的相片係出示於圖2A。相片顯示有光澤之銀塗層。
實施例2.銅基板上浸鍍銀塗層之硫化氫孔隙度試驗
實施例1剛鍍銀之銅包覆FR-4層積基板於硫化氛圍中施以孔隙度測試十分鐘。此試驗中,基板暴露於兩種環境氛圍,每一氛圍各包含有含硫之氣體。在第一個玻璃乾燥器(150mm內徑)中,藉著於其中置入裝有150mL之6%亞硫酸溶液之燒杯並密封該乾燥器而釋出SO2
蒸汽。於第二玻璃乾燥器(150mm內徑),藉著於其中置入裝有於100mL蒸餾水中1mL 23.5%(NH4
)2
S溶液並密封乾燥器而釋出H2
S蒸汽。藉由將層積基板放置於包含SO2
蒸汽之乾燥器中先歷經24小時,之後將層積基板放置於包含H2
S蒸汽之乾燥器中而進行。
在層積基板暴露於H2
S兩分鐘後(圖2B)、暴露H2
S五分鐘後(圖2C)及暴露H2
S十分鐘後拍照(圖2D)。層積基板中之銅因為形成硫化銀(AgSx
)、氧化銅(CuOx
)及硫化銅(CuSx
)而變色得愈來愈嚴重。因此,自限性浸鍍之銀塗層顯然可能無法充分保護銅防止腐蝕。
實施例3.將包含硫醇化合物之保護性有機塗層施至銅基板上浸鍍銀塗層
使用AlphaSTAR化學根據實施例1所示方法電鍍三片銅包覆FR-4層積基板。將銅包覆FR-4層積基板浸入市售包含硫醇化合物之後處理組成物中。後處理組成物係為Evabrite WS(取自Enthone Inc.,West Haven,Conn.)。後處理組成物包含以下組分:
1% wt./vol. Evabrite WS添加劑
其餘量之水。
層積基板根據表II所示參述浸漬。浸漬後,鍍銀之層積基板塗覆Evabrite WS之表面上各元素銀、碳、氧及硫的相對原子%係藉X-射線光電子光譜測定。結果係列示於表III。
硫醇之表面覆蓋性(根據硫及碳之相對原子%)並未因浸漬時間自30秒增至5分鐘而實質增加。而且,浸績五分鐘未使表面氧較浸漬30秒時明顯減少。是故,可在30秒之極短時間內施加硫醇塗層。
當鍍銀之層積基板浸漬於50℃之Evabrite WS組成物中時,藉硫之相對原子%測量的表面覆蓋性增加至少50%。而且,當層積基板浸漬於50℃組成物中時,表面氧原子%實質降低。在不受縛於特定理論下,推論較高溫度催化銀塗層上硫醇自組型單層之形成。即,較高溫度催化銀原子與硫之間的化學鍵形成,且催化銀原子與氧之間的鍵斷裂。而且,推論較高溫度降低組成物之表面張力,使得有較佳潤濕,因此硫醇分子更充分滲入銀孔隙內。在較佳孔隙滲透性下,可得到結論是硫醇更有效地阻斷銅原子移動穿過銀孔隙,而抑制銅氧化。
實施例4.未塗覆之鍍銀層積基板及塗覆硫醇鍍銀之層積基板的硫化氫孔隙度試驗
為決定使用Evabrite WS組成物保護鍍銀之層積基板對抗腐蝕之效果,實施例3層積基板1及根據實施例1方法不使用後處理之剛鍍銀層積基板如前文實施例2所述般地進行H2
S孔隙度試驗十分鐘。未經處理之鍍銀層積基板的相片係出示於圖3A,且經Evabrite WS-處理之鍍銀層積基板係出示於圖3B。經Evabrite WS-處理之鍍銀層積基板保持其有光澤之銀色,而未經處理之鍍銀層積基板變成失去光澤且變色。
實施例5.包含有包含硫醇官能基之化合物的後處理組成物
製備具有以下組份之後處理組成物:
0.08% wt./vol. 1-十八烷硫醇
其餘量之水。
實施例6.包含有包含具有氮芳族雜環之化合物的後處理組成物
製備具有以下組份之後處理組成物:
0.09% wt./vol. 2-(3,4-二氯苄基)-苯并咪唑
其餘量之水。
實施例7.包含有包含具有氮之芳族雜環的化合物及包含硫醇官能基之化合物的後處理組成物
製備具有以下組份之後處理組成物:
1% wt./vol. Evabrite WS添加劑
0.09% wt./vol. 2-(3,4-二氯苄基)-苯并咪唑
其餘量之水。
實施例8.未經處理及經後處理之鍍銀銅試樣的硫化氫孔隙度試驗
數個浸漬鍍銀銅包覆FR-4層積基板如前文實施例2所述般地施以H2
S孔隙度試驗(暴露於H2
S蒸汽45分鐘)。浸漬鍍銀銅包覆FR-4層積基板保持未經處理或使用實施例3、5、6及7所述之組成物進行後處理。表IV列示由根據實施例編號由後處理組成物區分之試樣,及H2
S孔隙度試驗45分鐘後之試樣外觀。於H2
S孔隙度試驗45分鐘後取得各試樣之相片(圖4A至4F)。
試樣8及9(繪於圖4E及4F)顯示即使暴露於H2
S下45分鐘,仍幾乎或完全未失去光澤。是故,包括於高溫下施加硫醇或施加硫醇及包含氮之芳族雜環係為抑制失去光澤之有效方式,即使在高腐蝕性環境條件下亦然。
實施例9.未經處理及經後處理鍍銀之銅試樣於硫化氫孔隙度試驗後之烘烤試驗
六片浸漬鍍銀銅包覆FR-4層積基板係未經處理或依如同實施例8試樣4至9之方式經後處理。該六片浸漬鍍銀銅包覆FR-4層積基板被施以H2
S孔隙度試驗(暴露至H2
S蒸汽45分鐘),之後於250至257℃烘烤5分鐘。於此處理後聚得各層積基板之相片(圖5A至5E)。繪於圖5D中之層積基板(以硫醇及包含氮之芳族雜環處理)與其他後處理比較展現最少之失光澤/腐蝕。
就前文而言,發現達成數項本發明標的且達到其他較佳結果。
當導入本發明元素或其較佳具體實施態樣時,項目"一"係用以意指有一或多個元素。例如,前文描述及以下申請專利範圍指稱"一"層時係表示可有一或多層該等層。術語"包含"、"包括"及"具有"係為內含式,表示可有除所列元素以外的額外元素。
因為可在不偏離發明範圍下於前文進行各種改變,故前文描述及附圖中所含之所有事物皆應視為說明而非限制。
圖1係為描述兩個黏著於且形成位於銅基板上具有浸鍍之銀層的表面上之保護性有機薄膜的分子之圖。
圖2A至2D係為根據實施例1方法塗覆浸鍍之銀的浸鍍銀之銅試樣的相片。鍍銀之銅試樣根據實施例2方法施以孔隙度測試。
圖3A及3B係為浸鍍銀之銅試樣根據實施例4之方法施以孔隙度測試的相片。
圖4A至4F係為浸鍍銀之銅試樣根據實施例8之方法施以孔隙度測試的相片。
圖5A至5E係為浸鍍銀之銅試樣根據實施例9之方法施以孔隙度測試的相片。
Claims (45)
- 一種增進銅或銅合金基板之表面的抗腐蝕性之方法,該方法包含:於銅或銅合金基板之表面上沈積包含貴金屬之金屬表面層;及使具有金屬表面層之銅或銅合金基板暴露於包含以下組份之水性組成物:(a)包含至少一個與貴金屬表面相互作用並保護該貴金屬表面之官能基的第一種有機分子,該第一種有機分子選自硫醇(thiol)(硫醇(mercaptan))、二硫化物、硫醚、硫醛、硫酮及其組合物,(b)包含至少一個與銅表面相互作用並保護銅表面之官能基的第二種有機分子該第二種有機分子選自一級胺、二級胺、三級胺、包含氮之芳族雜環及其組合物,及(c)界面活性劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該金屬表面層係藉浸漬置換電鍍法沈積,且該金屬表面層係包含銀、金、或其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該第一種有機分子係硫醇。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中該第一種有機分子係為具有以下一般結構(I)之硫醇:R1 -S-H結構(I) 其中R1 係為具有介於一個碳原子及約24個碳原子間之烴基或具有介於約五個及約十四個間之碳原子的芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中該硫醇係選自乙烷硫醇;1-丙烷硫醇;2-丙烷硫醇;2-丙烯-1-硫醇;1-丁烷硫醇;2-丁烷硫醇;2-甲基-1-丙烷硫醇;2-甲基-2-丙烷硫醇;2-甲基-1-丁烷硫醇;1-戊烷硫醇;2,2-二甲基-1-丙烷硫醇;1-己烷硫醇;1,6-己烷二硫醇;1-庚烷硫醇;2-乙基己烷硫醇;1-辛烷硫醇;1,8-辛烷二硫醇;1-壬烷硫醇;1,9-壬烷二硫醇;1-癸烷硫醇;1-金剛烷硫醇;1,11-十一烷二硫醇;1-十一烷硫醇;1-十二烷硫醇;三級十二烷硫醇;1-十三烷硫醇;1-十四烷硫醇;1-十五烷硫醇;1-十六烷硫醇;1-十七烷硫醇;1-十八烷硫醇;1-十九烷硫醇;及1-二十烷硫醇;及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中該硫醇係選自苯硫醇;2-甲基苯硫醇;3-甲基苯硫醇;4-甲基苯硫醇;2-乙基苯硫醇;3-乙基苯硫醇;4-乙基苯硫醇;2-丙基苯硫醇;3-丙基苯硫醇;4-丙基苯硫醇;2-三級丁基苯硫醇;4-三級丁基苯硫醇;4-戊基苯硫醇;4-己基苯硫醇;4-庚基苯硫醇;4-辛基苯硫醇;4-壬基苯硫醇;4-癸基苯硫醇;苄基硫醇;2,4-二甲苯硫醇、糠基硫醇;1-萘硫醇;2-萘硫醇;4,4'-二巰基聯苯;及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中該第一種有機分子係為具有以下結構(II)之二硫化物: R1 -S-S-R2 結構(II)其中R1 及R2 各自獨立地為具有介於一個碳原子及約24個碳原子間之烴基或具有介於約五個及約十四個間之碳原子的芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之方法,其中該二硫化物係選自二乙基二硫化物、二-正丙基二硫化物、二異丙基二硫化物、二烯丙基二硫化物、二-正丁基二硫化物、二-二級丁基二硫化物、二異丁基二硫化物、二-三級丁基二硫化物、二-正戊基二硫化物、二-新戊基二硫化物、二-正己基二硫化物、二-正庚基二硫化物、二-正辛基二硫化物、二-正壬基二硫化物、二-正癸基二硫化物、二-正十二烷基二硫化物、二-正十三碳基二硫化物、二-正十四碳基二硫化物、二-正十五碳基二硫化物、二-正十六碳基二硫化物、二-正十七碳基二硫化物、二-正十八碳基二硫化物、二-正癸基二硫化物;二-十一碳基二硫化物、二-十二烷基二硫化物、二-十六碳基二硫化物、二苄基二硫化物、二噻吩基二硫化物、2-萘基二硫化物、及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中該第一種有機分子係硫醇。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中該第一種有機分子係為具有以下一般結構(I)之硫醇:R1 -S-H結構(I) 其中R1 係為具有介於一個碳原子及約24個碳原子間之烴基或具有介於約五個及約十四個間之碳原子的芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之方法,其中該硫醇係選自乙烷硫醇;1-丙烷硫醇;2-丙烷硫醇;2-丙烯-1-硫醇;1-丁烷硫醇;2-丁烷硫醇;2-甲基-1-丙烷硫醇;2-甲基-2-丙烷硫醇;2-甲基-1-丁烷硫醇;1-戊烷硫醇;2,2-二甲基-1-丙烷硫醇;1-己烷硫醇;1,6-己烷二硫醇;1-庚烷硫醇;2-乙基己烷硫醇;1-辛烷硫醇;1,8-辛烷二硫醇;1-壬烷硫醇;1,9-壬烷二硫醇;1-癸烷硫醇;1-金剛烷硫醇;1,11-十一烷二硫醇;1-十一烷硫醇;1-十二烷硫醇;三級十二烷硫醇;1-十三烷硫醇;1-十四烷硫醇;1-十五烷硫醇;1-十六烷硫醇;1-十七烷硫醇;1-十八烷硫醇;1-十九烷硫醇;及1-二十烷硫醇;及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之方法,其中該硫醇係選自苯硫醇;2-甲基苯硫醇;3-甲基苯硫醇;4-甲基苯硫醇;2-乙基苯硫醇;3-乙基苯硫醇;4-乙基苯硫醇;2-丙基苯硫醇;3-丙基苯硫醇;4-丙基苯硫醇;2-三級丁基苯硫醇;4-三級丁基苯硫醇;4-戊基苯硫醇;4-己基苯硫醇;4-庚基苯硫醇;4-辛基苯硫醇;4-壬基苯硫醇;4-癸基苯硫醇;苄基硫醇;2,4-二甲苯硫醇、糠基硫醇;1-萘硫醇;2-萘硫醇;4,4'-二巰基聯苯;及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中該第一種有機分子係為具有以下結構(II)之二硫化物: R1 -S-S-R2 結構(II)其中R1 及R2 各自獨立地為具有介於一個碳原子及約24個碳原子間之烴基或具有介於約五個及約十四個間之碳原子的芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之方法,其中該二硫化物係選自二乙基二硫化物、二-正丙基二硫化物、二異丙基二硫化物、二烯丙基二硫化物、二-正丁基二硫化物、二-二級丁基二硫化物、二異丁基二硫化物、二-三級丁基二硫化物、二-正戊基二硫化物、二-新戊基二硫化物、二-正己基二硫化物、二-正庚基二硫化物、二-正辛基二硫化物、二-正壬基二硫化物、二-正癸基二硫化物、二-正十二烷基二硫化物、二-正十三碳基二硫化物、二-正十四碳基二硫化物、二-正十五碳基二硫化物、二-正十六碳基二硫化物、二-正十七碳基二硫化物、二-正十八碳基二硫化物、二-正癸基二硫化物;二-十一碳基二硫化物、二-十二烷基二硫化物、二-十六碳基二硫化物、二苄基二硫化物、二噻吩基二硫化物、2-萘基二硫化物、及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至14項中任一項之方法,其中該第二種有機分子係選自一級胺、二級胺、及三級胺。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至14項中任一項之方法,其中該第二種有機分子係為具有以下一般結構(III)之一級胺、二級胺、或三級胺:
- 如申請專利範圍第16項之方法,其中該胺係選自胺基乙烷、1-胺基丙烷、2-胺基丙烷、1-胺基丁烷、2-胺基丁烷、1-胺基-2-甲基丙烷、2-胺基-2-甲基丙烷、1-胺基戊烷、2-胺基戊烷、3-胺基戊烷、新-戊基胺、1-胺基己烷、1-胺基庚烷、2-胺基庚烷、1-胺基辛烷、2-胺基辛烷、1-胺基壬烷、1-胺基癸烷、1-胺基十二烷、1-胺基十三烷、1-胺基十四烷、1-胺基十五烷、1-胺基十六烷、1-胺基十七烷、1-胺基十八烷、及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至14項中任一項之方法,其中該第二種有機分子係為具有以下一般結構(IV)之唑:
- 如申請專利範圍第18項之方法,其中該唑係選自吡咯(1H-唑);咪唑(1,3-二唑);吡唑(1,2-二唑);1,2,3-三唑;1,2,4-三唑;四唑;異吲哚;吲哚(1H-苯并[b]吡咯);苯并咪唑(1,3-苯并二唑);吲唑(1,2-苯并二唑);1H-苯并三唑;2H-苯并三唑;咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶;嘌呤(7H-咪唑并(4,5-d)嘧啶);吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶;三唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶;及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第18項之方法,其中該唑係選自2-(3,4-二氯苄基)-苯并咪唑;2-溴苄基苯并咪唑;2-溴苯基苯并咪唑;2-溴乙基苯基苯并咪唑;2-氯苄基苯并咪唑;2-氯苯基苯并咪唑;2-氯乙基苯基苯并咪唑;及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至14項中任一項之方法,其中該第一種有機分子的濃度介於約1及約10g/L之間,且第二種有機分子的濃度介於約1及約10g/L之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用以增進銅或銅合金基板之表面的抗腐蝕性之方法,該方法包含:於該銅或銅合金基板之表面沈積包含銀及/或金之金屬表面層;及使具有金屬表面層之銅或銅合金基板暴露於包含以下組份之水性組成物:(a)濃度介於約1及約10g/L之間的第一種有機分子,此分子係選自硫醇(thiol)(硫醇(mercaptan))、二硫化物、硫醚、硫醛、硫酮、及其組合 物,且與貴金屬表面相互作用並保護貴金屬表面,(b)濃度介於約1及約10g/L之間的第二種有機分子,此分子係選自一級胺、二級胺、三級胺、包含氮之芳族雜環、及其組合物,且與銅表面相互作用並保護銅表面,及(c)界面活性劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用以增進銅或銅合金基板之表面的抗腐蝕性之方法,該方法包含:於該銅或銅合金基板之表面沈積包含銀及/或金之金屬表面層;及使具有金屬表面層之銅或銅合金基板暴露於包含以下組份之水性組成物:(a)濃度介於約1及約10g/L之1-十八烷硫醇的第一種有機分子,其與貴金屬表面反應並保護該表面,(b)濃度介於約1及約10g/L之間的第二種有機分子,此分子係選自一級胺、二級胺、三級胺、包含氮之芳族雜環、及其組合物,且與銅表面相互作用並保護該表面,及(c)界面活性劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用以增進銅或銅合金基板之表面的抗腐蝕性之方法,該方法包含:於該銅或銅合金基板之表面沈積包含銀及/或金之金屬表面層;及使具有金屬表面層之銅或銅合金基板暴露於包含以下組份之水性組成物:(a)濃度介於約1及約10g/L之間的第一種有機分子,該第一種有機分子係為硫醇,其與貴金屬表面反應並保護貴金屬表面,(b)第二種有機分子,此分 子係為2-(3,4-二氯苄基)-苯并咪唑,濃度介於約1及約10g/L之間,且與銅表面相互作用並保護銅表面,及(c)界面活性劑。
- 一種用於增進銅或銅合金基板之表面的抗腐蝕性之組成物,包含位於銅或銅合金基板之表面上的銀及/或金塗層,該組成物係包含:(a)濃度介於約1及約10g/L之間的第一種有機分子,此分子係選自硫醇(thiol)(硫醇(mercaptan))、二硫化物、硫醚、硫醛、硫酮、及其組合物,且與貴金屬表面相互作用並保護貴金屬表面,(b)濃度介於約1及約10g/L之間的第二種有機分子,此分子係選自一級胺、二級胺、三級胺、包含氮之芳族雜環、及其組合物,且與銅表面相互作用並保護銅表面,及(c)界面活性劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第25項之組成物,其中該第一種有機分子係為具有以下一般結構(I)之硫醇:R1 -S-H結構(I)其中R1 係為具有介於一個碳原子及約24個碳原子間之烴基或具有介於約五個及約十四個間之碳原子的芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第26項之組成物,其中該硫醇係選自乙烷硫醇;1-丙烷硫醇;2-丙烷硫醇;2-丙烯-1-硫醇;1-丁烷硫醇;2-丁烷硫醇;2-甲基-1-丙烷硫醇;2-甲基- 2-丙烷硫醇;2-甲基-1-丁烷硫醇;1-戊烷硫醇;2,2-二甲基-1-丙烷硫醇;1-己烷硫醇;1,6-己烷二硫醇;1-庚烷硫醇;2-乙基己烷硫醇;1-辛烷硫醇;1,8-辛烷二硫醇;1-壬烷硫醇;1,9-壬烷二硫醇;1-癸烷硫醇;1-金剛烷硫醇;1,11-十一烷二硫醇;1-十一烷硫醇;1-十二烷硫醇;三級十二烷硫醇;1-十三烷硫醇;1-十四烷硫醇;1-十五烷硫醇;1-十六烷硫醇;1-十七烷硫醇;1-十八烷硫醇;1-十九烷硫醇;及1-二十烷硫醇;及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第26項之組成物,其中該硫醇係選自苯硫醇;2-甲基苯硫醇;3-甲基苯硫醇;4-甲基苯硫醇;2-乙基苯硫醇;3-乙基苯硫醇;4-乙基苯硫醇;2-丙基苯硫醇;3-丙基苯硫醇;4-丙基苯硫醇;2-三級丁基苯硫醇;4-三級丁基苯硫醇;4-戊基苯硫醇;4-己基苯硫醇;4-庚基苯硫醇;4-辛基苯硫醇;4-壬基苯硫醇;4-癸基苯硫醇;苄基硫醇;2,4-二甲苯硫醇、糠基硫醇;1-萘硫醇;2-萘硫醇;4,4'-二巰基聯苯;及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第25項之組成物,其中該第一種有機分子係為具有以下結構(II)之二硫化物:R1 -S-S-R2 結構(II)其中R1 及R2 各自獨立地為具有介於一個碳原子及約24個碳原子間之烴基或具有介於約五個及約十四個間之碳原子的芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第29項之組成物,其中該二硫化 物係選自二乙基二硫化物、二-正丙基二硫化物、二異丙基二硫化物、二烯丙基二硫化物、二-正丁基二硫化物、二-第二丁基二硫化物、二異丁基二硫化物、二-三級丁基二硫化物、二-正戊基二硫化物、二-新戊基二硫化物、二-正己基二硫化物、二-正庚基二硫化物、二-正辛基二硫化物、二-正壬基二硫化物、二-正癸基二硫化物、二-正十二烷基二硫化物、二-正十三碳基二硫化物、二-正十四碳基二硫化物、二-正十五碳基二硫化物、二-正十六碳基二硫化物、二-正十七碳基二硫化物、二-正十八碳基二硫化物、二-正癸基二硫化物;二-十一碳基二硫化物、二-十二烷基二硫化物、二-十六碳基二硫化物、二苄基二硫化物、二噻吩基二硫化物、2-萘基二硫化物、及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第25至30項中任一項之組成物,其中該第二種有機分子係為具有以下一般結構(III)之一級胺、二級胺、或三級胺:
- 如申請專利範圍第31項之組成物,其中第二種有機分子係選自胺基乙烷、1-胺基丙烷、2-胺基丙烷、1-胺基丁烷、2-胺基丁烷、1-胺基-2-甲基丙烷、2-胺基-2-甲基 丙烷、1-胺基戊烷、2-胺基戊烷、3-胺基戊烷、新-戊基胺、1-胺基己烷、1-胺基庚烷、2-胺基庚烷、1-胺基辛烷、2-胺基辛烷、1-胺基壬烷、1-胺基癸烷、1-胺基十二烷、1-胺基十三烷、1-胺基十四烷、1-胺基十五烷、1-胺基十六烷、1-胺基十七烷、1-胺基十八烷、及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第25至30項中任一項之組成物,其中該第二種有機分子係為具有以下一般結構(IV)之唑:
- 如申請專利範圍第33項之組成物,其中該唑係選自吡咯(1H-唑);咪唑(1,3-二唑);吡唑(1,2-二唑);1,2,3-三唑;1,2,4-三唑;四唑;界吲哚;吲哚(1H-苯并[b]吡咯);苯并咪唑(1,3-苯并二唑);吲唑(1,2-苯并二唑);1H-苯并三唑;2H-苯并三唑;咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶;嘌呤(7H-咪唑并(4,5-d)嘧啶);吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶;三唑并[4,5-d]嘧 啶;及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第33項之組成物,其中該唑係選自2-(3,4-二氯苄基)-苯并咪唑;2-溴苄基苯并咪唑;2-溴苯基苯并咪唑;2-溴乙基苯基苯并咪唑;2-氯苄基苯并咪唑;2-氯苯基苯并咪唑;2-氯乙基苯基苯并咪唑;及其組合物。
- 一種用以增進銅或銅合金基板之表面的抗腐蝕性之方法,其中該銅或銅合金基板具有位於該銅或銅合金基板表面上之含貴金屬的金屬表面層,該方法包含:使具有金屬表面層之銅或銅合金基板暴露於如申請專利範圍第25至30項中任一項之組成物。
- 一種用以增進銅或銅合金基板之表面的抗腐蝕性之方法,其中該銅或銅合金基板具有位於該銅或銅合金基板表面上之含貴金屬的金屬表面層,該方法包含:使具有金屬表面層之銅或銅合金基板暴露於如申請專利範圍第31項之組成物。
- 一種用以增進銅或銅合金基板之表面的抗腐蝕性之方法,其中該銅或銅合金基板具有位於該銅或銅合金基板表面上之含貴金屬的金屬表面層,該方法包含:使具有金屬表面層之銅或銅合金基板暴露於如申請專利範圍第33項之組成物。
- 一種銅基板,其上具有浸鍍之銀塗層及另包含位於該浸鍍之銀塗層上之保護性有機薄膜,其中該保護性有機薄膜包含(a)第一種有機分子,其係選自硫醇(thiol)( 硫醇(mercaptan))、二硫化物、硫醚、硫醛、硫酮、及其組合物,及(b)第二種有機分子,其係選自一級胺、二級胺、三級胺、包含氮之芳族雜環、及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第39項之銅基板,其中該有機薄膜藉由使該基板暴露於如申請專利範圍第25至30項中任一項之組成物而形成。
- 如申請專利範圍第39項之銅基板,其中該有機薄膜藉由使該基板暴露於如申請專利範圍第31項之組成物而形成。
- 如申請專利範圍第39項之銅基板,其中該有機薄膜藉由使該基板暴露於如申請專利範圍第33項之組成物而形成。
- 一種銅或銅合金基板,其上具有貴金屬層及另包含位於該貴金屬層上之保護性有機薄膜,其中該保護性有機薄膜藉由如申請專利範圍第25至30項中任一項之組成物而形成。
- 如申請專利範圍第43項之銅或銅合金基板,其中該基板為引線框架或連接器(connector),該貴金屬層為金。
- 如申請專利範圍第39、41或42項之銅基板,其中該基板為印刷電路板中之銅電路。
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JP2016026269A (ja) | 2016-02-12 |
TW200942644A (en) | 2009-10-16 |
CN101925553B (zh) | 2014-01-15 |
ES2688783T3 (es) | 2018-11-06 |
US20100291303A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
WO2009067446A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
US7972655B2 (en) | 2011-07-05 |
US20120175022A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
US8703243B2 (en) | 2014-04-22 |
JP6106736B2 (ja) | 2017-04-05 |
CN101925553A (zh) | 2010-12-22 |
EP2220009A4 (en) | 2015-11-18 |
JP2011505492A (ja) | 2011-02-24 |
EP2220009A1 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
EP2220009B1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
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