TWI445660B - 奈米尺度離子儲存材料 - Google Patents
奈米尺度離子儲存材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI445660B TWI445660B TW095129015A TW95129015A TWI445660B TW I445660 B TWI445660 B TW I445660B TW 095129015 A TW095129015 A TW 095129015A TW 95129015 A TW95129015 A TW 95129015A TW I445660 B TWI445660 B TW I445660B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- transition metal
- lithium
- metal phosphate
- positive electrode
- electrode active
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 title description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 247
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 176
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 168
- 229910000319 transition metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 58
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 82
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 60
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 53
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 26
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002707 nanocrystalline material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002051 biphasic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009838 combustion analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010303 mechanochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002064 nanoplatelet Substances 0.000 description 2
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940085991 phosphate ion Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010671 solid-state reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108091006149 Electron carriers Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010710 LiFePO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004630 atomic force microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004774 atomic orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007707 calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002447 crystallographic data Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010406 interfacial reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical group [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000851 scanning transmission electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US70627305P | 2005-08-08 | 2005-08-08 | |
| US74160605P | 2005-12-02 | 2005-12-02 | |
| US11/396,515 US7939201B2 (en) | 2005-08-08 | 2006-04-03 | Nanoscale ion storage materials including co-existing phases or solid solutions |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW200724482A TW200724482A (en) | 2007-07-01 |
| TWI445660B true TWI445660B (zh) | 2014-07-21 |
Family
ID=37717992
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW095129015A TWI445660B (zh) | 2005-08-08 | 2006-08-08 | 奈米尺度離子儲存材料 |
| TW095144934A TWI456825B (zh) | 2005-08-08 | 2006-12-04 | 非結晶和部分非結晶奈米尺度離子儲存材料 |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW095144934A TWI456825B (zh) | 2005-08-08 | 2006-12-04 | 非結晶和部分非結晶奈米尺度離子儲存材料 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7939201B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1938402B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP5377967B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR101375197B1 (enExample) |
| CN (2) | CN101427402B (enExample) |
| PL (1) | PL1938402T3 (enExample) |
| TW (2) | TWI445660B (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2008039170A2 (enExample) |
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| JP4333752B2 (ja) | 2007-02-19 | 2009-09-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 電極活物質およびその製造方法 |
| JP4289406B2 (ja) | 2007-02-19 | 2009-07-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 電極活物質およびその製造方法 |
-
2006
- 2006-04-03 US US11/396,515 patent/US7939201B2/en active Active
- 2006-08-03 EP EP06851633.5A patent/EP1938402B1/en active Active
- 2006-08-03 JP JP2008536570A patent/JP5377967B2/ja active Active
- 2006-08-03 KR KR1020087005568A patent/KR101375197B1/ko active Active
- 2006-08-03 CN CN2006800359785A patent/CN101427402B/zh active Active
- 2006-08-03 WO PCT/US2006/030579 patent/WO2008039170A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-08-03 PL PL06851633T patent/PL1938402T3/pl unknown
- 2006-08-03 CN CN201310054669.4A patent/CN103151556B/zh active Active
- 2006-08-08 TW TW095129015A patent/TWI445660B/zh active
- 2006-12-04 TW TW095144934A patent/TWI456825B/zh active
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2011
- 2011-04-14 US US13/086,883 patent/US8057936B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20070031732A1 (en) | 2007-02-08 |
| KR20080045170A (ko) | 2008-05-22 |
| JP2009516631A (ja) | 2009-04-23 |
| TW200733457A (en) | 2007-09-01 |
| EP1938402B1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
| WO2008039170A2 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
| CN103151556B (zh) | 2015-10-14 |
| TWI456825B (zh) | 2014-10-11 |
| KR101375197B1 (ko) | 2014-03-18 |
| CN101427402B (zh) | 2013-03-20 |
| TW200724482A (en) | 2007-07-01 |
| WO2008039170A3 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
| US20110195306A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
| JP5377967B2 (ja) | 2013-12-25 |
| CN103151556A (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
| EP1938402A2 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
| US8057936B2 (en) | 2011-11-15 |
| US7939201B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 |
| PL1938402T3 (pl) | 2019-06-28 |
| EP1938402A4 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
| CN101427402A (zh) | 2009-05-06 |
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