TWI377859B - Efficient signalling over access channel - Google Patents

Efficient signalling over access channel Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI377859B
TWI377859B TW094123763A TW94123763A TWI377859B TW I377859 B TWI377859 B TW I377859B TW 094123763 A TW094123763 A TW 094123763A TW 94123763 A TW94123763 A TW 94123763A TW I377859 B TWI377859 B TW I377859B
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Taiwan
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access
transmitting
determining
power
sequence
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TW094123763A
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English (en)
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TW200635407A (en
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Alexei Gorokhov
Arak Sutivong
Edward Harrison Teague
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/004—Transmission of channel access control information in the uplink, i.e. towards network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
    • H04B17/24—Monitoring; Testing of receivers with feedback of measurements to the transmitter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H04L1/0026—Transmission of channel quality indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
    • H04L1/1692—Physical properties of the supervisory signal, e.g. acknowledgement by energy bursts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/542—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using measured or perceived quality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)

Description

.1377859 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明大體而言係關於無線通訊，且更具體言之，本發 明係關於多向近接無線通訊系統中之資料傳輸。 【先前技術】 存取終端機在反向鏈結上使用在 之用存取頻道以與存取點初始 聯繫。存取終端機可起始—存 廿取 I 5式（access attempt)以請 求專用頻道來登錄或執行—交料。在起始—存取嘗試 前，存取終端機自下行鏈路頻道接收資訊以禮定來自附近 絲點之最強訊號強度並獲得下行鏈路時序。隨後存取終 端機能夠解碼由給定存取點在戽 — &什取點在廣播頻道上傳輸之資訊， 5亥資§fL係關於對管理該在跑狄丨山拖士 丁s理忑存取終鈿機之存取嘗試之參數的 擇。 在-些無線通訊系統中’存取頻道涉及探針及正被提供 之。m纟其匕無線通訊系統中，存取頻道僅涉及探 針。-旦探針得以應答’㈣存取終端機之存取嘗試之訊 息就得以傳輸。 在一正交分頻多向近接⑽DMA)“巾，存取終端機通 常將待於存取料上傳輸之存取傳輸分成多個部分，一序 文傳輸及#效負載傳輸。為了防止歸因於存取序文傳輸 期間反向鏈結上缺少良好時序之蜂巢内干擾，可對一基於 劃媽多工（CDM)之序文傳輸與該等傳輸之其餘部分（意即， 通訊罝、控制及存取有效負載）加以劃時多工。為了存取該 系統，存取終端機隨後自一組偽隨機（PN)序列中選擇一個 1031S3.doc 137.7859 PN序列並在存取時間片期間 存取點搜尋存取時門片期門其序文進行發送。 咢仔取間片㈣可能已經 (意即’所有可能的PN序列)。依據衝;: 及誤報警⑽^咖)機率來量測存取序文傳輸效^ = 機率係私在相同存取時間片中一 犬 特f)序列作為其序文之機率。 成反比，測機率係指所傳輸之pn序列未 由=台伯測到之機率。誤報警機率係指實際上未傳輸ί 2存：點錯誤地聲明已傳輸序文之機率。此機率隨著可 用序文數目之增加而增加。 存取點隨後針對_到之每—序文傳輸—應答。應艾訊 息可包括-偵測到之ΡΝ序列、時序偏移校正及用於存取有 =負載傳輸之頻道索引。其ΡΝ序列得以應答之存取終端機 隨後可使用所指派之資源傳輸個別存取有效負載。 因為存取點預先不知道存取終端機在系統中之何處（意 即’其功率需求、緩衝水平(buffer Ievel)或服務品質會如 =)’所以該應答訊息係以一足夠高之功率位準廣播使得給 定蜂巢中之所有存取終端機皆可解碼該訊息。由於該廣播 應善W要一不成比例之數量之傳輸功率及/或頻寬來接通 鏈”。所以其係低效率的。因此，需要更有效率地向一給 定蜂巢中之存取終端機發送應答訊息。 【發明内容】 本發明之實施例最小化一廣播應答頻道在其序文傳輸期 1之使用本务明之貫施例進一步解決在存取序文傳輸期 103l83.doc ,1377859 間如何將關於前向鏈結頻道品質之資訊在存取頻道上進行 有效率之信號傳輸之問題。 在一實施例中，描述一種用於傳輸頻道品質指示符同時 最小化廣播頻道之使用之裝置及方法。確定觀測到之傳輸 訊號之前向鏈結幾何結構之一量度。一頻道品質值之指示 符係確定為該等觀測到之傳輸訊號之函數。自複數組存取 序列之-財隨機選擇—存取序列，纟中該等複數組存取 序列之每一者對應於不同範圍的頻道品質值。 前向鏈結幾何結構之量度可確定為觀測到的導頻訊號、 雜訊及/或資料頻道上之通訊量之函數。複數組存取序列中 之存取序列數量經非均勾地分配。在一實施例中，該等存 序歹j丄刀配以反映存取點周圍之存取終端機分饰。在另 一實施例中，存取序㈣分配以與需要—給定量之 存取終端機㈣目成比例，該功率係將應 該存取終端機所需之功率。 子發逆至 在：：實施例中，描述一種分割複數個存取序列之方 機率分二:::::複=:終端機，分佈。該 取終端機之函數；範圍内之邮值之複數個存 例。存取序列可/ 經指派以與該機率分佈成比 ^ 11自存取關11之存取終端機分佈之改m > 定而重新指派。 刀神 < 改變決 實施例中，描述了—種傳輸—$ 跑 之一應答的裝置及方法。接收一存取序列。、^序列 查找表中查找該存取序列以確定給定存取終端 I03183.doc .1377859 機之至少-屬性（由存取序列決定）。該屬性可為諸如頻道品 質指示符、瘦衝水平及服務品質指示符之資訊。隨後向存 取終端機傳输資訊，在該存取终端機上該資訊與該屬性相 稱且^致。經傳輸之資訊可包括一應答指示符。可在一共 用信號頻道（SSCH)上傳輸該應答指示符。 以下進一步詳述本發明之各種態樣及實施例。 【實施方式】 本文所使用之詞語"例示性"意味"用作一實例、實體或說 明"。不必、將本文描述為，•例示性"之任何實施例或設計解釋 為較之其它霄施例或設計更佳或更有利。 可將本文所描述之用於為單個封包使用多重調變機制之 技術可用於多種通訊系統’諸如正交分頻多向近接 (OFDMA)系統、劃碼多向近接（CDMA)系統、劃時多向近接 (TDMA)系統、分頻多向近接（1?〇]^八）系統基於正交分頻 多工（OFDM)之系統、單輸入單輸出（SIS〇)系統多輸入多 輸出⑽MO)系統’等等。此等技術可用於利用增量冗餘叫 之系統及不利用IR之系統（例如，僅重現資料之系統）。 本發明之實施例藉由使存取終端機在其序文傳輸期間指 示一諸如前向鏈結頻道品質（意即，CQI)、緩衝水平需求、 服務品質需求等參數而避免使用廣播應答頻道。藉由使存 取終端機指示前向鏈結頻道品質，存取點可使用適當之功 ^值在一頻道上為一給定存取終端機或存取終端機組傳輸 每應答。在將應答訊息傳輸至一組存取終端機之情形 中，將應答訊息發送至已指示相同或類似€(^值（在一範圍 103183.doc
^文之傳多:端機。本發明之實施例"解決在存取 之問=輸期間如何在存取頻道上有效率地用信號傳輸CQI 器存取在终端機’•係指提供音訊及/或資料連通性至使用者之 二計算=終Γ可連接至諸如膝上型電腦或桌上型電腦 取終端機亦可稱為=ί如:戶人單數位助理二自持11件。存 行動器杜，告 戶°用戶早兀、打動台、無線器件、 遠端台、遠端终端機、使用者終端機、使用者 :理或使用者設備。用户台可為行動電話、PCS電話、益線 電話、會話起始協定⑽）電話、無線區域迴路（WLL)A、 個人數位助理（PDA)、具有無線連接性能之手持式器^連 接至無線數據機之其它處理器件。 ”存取點”係指存取網路中之器件，其在無線電界面上瘦 由一或多個扇區與存取終端機或其它存取點進行通訊。藉 由將接收到的ϋ魂雷χ ρ ϋ Μ , …踝冤界面訊框轉換成IP封包，存取點在存 取終端機與存取網路之其餘部分之間起一路由器之作用， ”亥存取..同路可包括IP網路。存取點亦協調該無線電界面之 屬性管理。存取點可為基地台、基地台之一扇區及/或基地 收發台（BTS)及基地台控制器（BSC)之組合。 圖1說明-無線通訊系統2〇〇中之_傳輸器21〇及一接收 器250之方機圖。在傳輸器21〇處，τχ(傳輸）資料處理器⑽ 自資料源2 12接收資料封包。τχ資料處理器22〇根攄為彼封 包所選《模式處理（例如，格式化、編碼、分割、交錯及調 變）每一貝料封包並為該封包產生多達τ個資料符號塊。為 1031S3.doc 1377859 ^貝㈣包所選之模式可指示⑴封包大小（意即，封包之 鱼^ 70數目）及（2)用於彼封包之每—資料符號塊之編碼 ^調變機制之特定組合。控制器23()基於所選模式為每— ;料封包撻供多種控制至資料源212及TX資料處理器 22〇。丁X資料處理器22〇提供資料符號區塊流⑽如，每一訊 框一區塊），其中畚° 每封匕之區塊可與一或多個其它封包之 區塊交錯。
傳輸器單元（TMTR)222自τχ資料處理器22〇接收資料符 號區塊流並產生經調變之訊號。傳輸器單元222在導頻符號 同資料錢中進彳了多卫操作（例如，使㈣時 '分頻及/或劃 碼多工技術)並獲得一傳輸符號流。每一傳輸符號可為一資 料符號、-導頻符號或一具有零訊號值之空符號。若系統 ，用OFDM’則傳輸器單元222可執行〇職調變。傳輸器 單元222產生-時域樣本流且進一步調節(例如，轉換成類 比增頻菱換、過渡及放大）該樣本流以產生經調變之訊 號。隨後，該經調變之邙钱· ό @。n a # η雙之巩就自天線傳輸且經由一通訊頻 道傳輸至接收器250。 在接收器250處，由天線252接收所傳輸之訊號，並將該 接收到的訊號提供至接收器單元（RCVR)254。接收器單元 254調節、數位化且預處理（例如，〇FDM解調變）所接收之 訊號以獲得接收到的資料符號及接收到的導頻符號。接收 器單元254將接收到的資料符號提供至偵測器w並將接收 到的導頻符號提供至頻道估計器258。頻道估計器258處理 接收到的導頻符號並為通訊頻道提供頻道估計（例如，頻道 103183.doc 11 1377859
增益估計及SINR估計）。摘測器256用該等頻道估計對接收 到之資料符號執行偵測並將經偵測之資料符號提供至 RX(接收）貧料處理器260。經偵測之資料符號可藉由用於形 成貧料符號之碼位元的對數相似值比（LLR)加以表示（如下 文所描述）或藉由其它表示法加以表示。只要為一給定資料 封包獲得經偵測之資料符號之新區塊，Rx資料處理器“Ο 就^理（例如，解交錯及解碼）為彼封包所獲得之全部經铺測 之資料符號並將-經解碼封包提供至資料接收器加。Μ ^料處理H2㈣檢查該經解碼之封包並提供指示彼封包 是經正確解碼還是經錯誤地解碼之封包狀態。 控制器270自頻道估計器258接收頻道估計且自資料 處理器接收封包狀態。控制器270基於該等頻道估計為 待傳輸至接收器250之下一資料封包選擇一模式。控制器 270亦組合回饋資訊。該回饋資訊由τχ資料處理器282處 理，由傳輸器單元284進一步調節並經由天線252傳輸至 輸器210。 在傳輸器210處，來自接收器25〇之傳輸訊號由天線 接收，由接收器單元242調節並由以資料處理器⑽進一步 處理以恢復接收器250所發送之回鑛資訊。控制器23〇獲得 接收到之回饋資訊，使用ACK/NAK來控制發送至接收器 25〇之封包眺傳輸，並使精選模式處理待發送至接收器 250之下一資料封包。控制器23。及謂分別導引傳輸器210 及接收器250處之操作。記憶單元232及272分別為控制器 230及270所使用之程式碼及資料提供儲存。 103183.doc -12- 1377859 圓2說明存取探針結構及存取探針序列2〇〇。在圖2中，展 不了 Ns個探針序列，其中每一探針序列具有Np個探針。媒 體存取控制層（MAC)協定藉由指令實體層傳輸探針來傳輪 存取探針。藉由該指令，存取頻道MAC協定向實體層提供 夕個元素，包括（但不限於）功率位準、存取序列識別、將向 其傳輸存取探針之扇區之導頻!》!^、時序偏移攔位及控制分 奴欄位》以漸増功率傳輸一序列中之每一探針直至存取終 # 端機接收一存取授權。若協定接收一撤銷命令或若已傳輸 每序列之最大數目之探針則終止傳輸。在傳輸所有探針 序列之第-探針之前，存取終端機形成一持續性測試，該 持續性測試用於控制存取頻道上之阻塞。 圖3說明一存取終端機與一存取點<間的傳統通話流程 300。存取終端機3〇4自一組pN序列中隨機選擇一序文或pN 序列，且在存取時間片期間將該序文發送308至存取點 312。一經接收，存取點312隨後為經偵測之每一序文傳輸 • 16存取授權，包括廣播應答。此應答係以足夠高之功率 傳輸之廣播應答使得給定蜂巢中之所有存取終端機能夠解 碼^廣播應答。因為存取點預先並不知道存取終端機在該 系統中何處，且因此不知道存取終端機解碼廣播應答所需 ^ :準所以s忍為該以足夠高之功率傳輸之廣播應答 疋&要的。接收存取授權3 16後，存取終端機3 於存取授權中所界定之資源發送32〇有效負載。… 因為上述廣播應答傳輸需要*成比例之數量之傳輸功率 及/或頻寬來捿通鏈結，所以其相對而言效率低。圖4說明 103I83.doc 13- 1377859 避免使用該廣播應答之貫施例400。存取終端機觀測4〇8來 自存取點之傳輸。在觀測中，存取終端機確定其接收到之 傳輪的功率。此等觀測通常涉及根據作為一共用信號頻道 (SSCH)頻道之一部分之觀測到之擷取導頻訊號傳輸或導頻 傳輪來確定前向鏈結頻道品質。 存取終端機404隨後自一組存取序列中隨機選擇一序文 或存取序列，並將該序文410發送至存取點412。此序文與 前向鏈結頻道品質（CQI)之一些認識一同傳輸。CQI資訊可 在該序文内加以傳輸或附加至其。在另一實施例中，自複 數組存取序列中隨機選擇一存取序列，其中為每一組存取 序列指定一 CQI值範圍。舉例而言，前向鏈結頻道品質之指 不可為觀測到之導頻訊號功率。可基於一組預定值將經觀 測之導頻訊號功率量化成（：(^值。因此，給定範圍之接收到 的導頻訊號功率可對應於一給定CQI值。因此，存取點412 可依罪，-0疋存取終端機所選之存取序列來確定該存取終 端機之CQI值。 因為存取終端機在其與存取點412之初始存取嘗試期間 發送則向鏈結頻道品質指示符，所以存取點4丨2具有使用 用於所指定之存取終端機404之適當功率值在一頻道上 專輸41 6每應答所需之認識。在-實施例中，應答訊息可 送至，、有相同或類似的CQI值之一組存取終端機。此可藉 由^用SSCH而實現。因此，基於存取終端機成功接收傳輸 斤而之功率位準’存取點在ssch訊息之適當區段中發送應 答訊息。 103183.doc -14· 1377859 除了 CQI資訊之外’存取終端機在初始存取階段可向存取 點發送所關注之其它資訊。舉例而言，存取终端機可發送 一指示該存取终端機意欲向存取點發送之資料之數量的緩 衝水平指示符。藉由該認識，存取點能夠適當地確定初始 資源指派之大小。 存取終端機亦可發送關於優先權組或服務品質之資訊。 此資訊可用於在有限的存取點容量或系統超負載的情況下 以優先順序排列存取終端機。 ® 存取終端機一接收到存取授權訊息，存取終端機4〇4就按 照存取授權訊息中所界定之資源發送42〇有效負載。藉由在 初始存取階段接收額外資訊，存取點將能夠利用將cqi、緩 衝水平及服務品質資訊認識為存取授權訊息一部分。， 圖5說明使用均勻間隔進行分割之一蜂巢5〇〇。該蜂巢被 劃分為許多區❹’其中每—區域藉由使觀測到之量度的機 率在-給定範圍内來界定。在一實施例中，使用前向鍵结 φ 幾何結構之觀測。舉例而言，可使用諸如c/i之量度，其中 c為接收到之導頻功率且！為觀測到之雜訊。X，可使用 c/(c I) & s之，使用一些利用觀測到之訊號功率及雜訊 的量測。此等經觀測之量度對應於給定CQI值或值範圍，該 等cQm或值範圍因此界定區域。舉例而言，區从界定一 具有對應於大於P】的功率及/或雜訊位準之卿值之區域。 ^域心界定-具有對應於.滿足的功率及㈤雜訊位 MC：⑽之區域。類似地’區域〜界定—具有對應於滿足 3 j户2的功率及/或雜訊位準之CQi值之區域，等等。區 103i83.doc •15· 1377859 域及p具有對應於屬於範圍内的功率及/或雜訊 位準之CQI值。類似地’區域^具有對應於滿足經觀測之功 率及/或雜訊位準<^之功率及/或雜訊位準之CQi值。 理論上，藉由選擇傳輸#個可能序文序列之一者，可傳送 高達l〇g2(N)個位元之資訊。舉例而言，當师“時，可： 送多達一（職）=1G個位元。因此，藉由選擇傳輸哪—序 文序列，有可能將使用者相關資訊作為序文傳輸之一部分 而嵌入其中。
共同使用之技術是隨後將_序文序列分割成从個不同 集合’標記為。為了用信號傳輸_(μ)個可能 性（意即’】〇g2(M)個位元）之—者，選擇並傳輸—適當集合 中之序列舉例而§，為了用信號傳輸訊息索引托仏 2,…，’（隨機）選擇並傳輸第&個集合中之一序列。假定 在接收器處進行了正確㈣，可基於接收到之序列所屬之 集合之索引而獲得所傳輸之資訊（意即，iQg2(卿位元訊 息）。 在均勻刀割策略中，其中將#個序文序列均句地分割成
洲組（意即’每—組含有膽個序列）。基於所量測之CQI 值’選擇並傳輪-適當集合中之序文序列之一者。隨後衝 突機率取決於所量敎CQI之映射/4化及科發生的存取 嘗試之數目。 此可藉由考慮吻之_單2等級量化（意即，心2)來加以說 明 /中！MM(CQI)=1)=(^Pr(M(CQ㈣、，其中雄)為將 經里測之CQI值映射成兩個等級之—者的量化函數。 I03183.doc 1377859 人藉由:勾存取序列分割’物固序文序列分割成兩 :其中母-集合中具有N/2個序歹，卜如舉例而言，假定存 好兩2時發生的存取嘗試（意即，在每—存取時間片中正 好兩個存取終端機正試圖存取系統）。衝突機率給出如下. α2έ+“)2®。 在機率為α2的情況下，兩個存取终端機希望發送叫（意
即，其均具有經量化的CQI等級叫)。由於在第一隼合中存 在Μ個序文序列供選擇，所以衝突機率（假定兩個存取故 端機均自此集合選擇其序列）為1/(_。依相同邏輯，可得 出另一集合之衝突機率。 因此，總衝突機率取決於參數α及同時發生的存取嘗試之 數目。衝突機率可高至2/Ν(α=〇、υ或低至1/Ν(α=〇5)。因 此，在此情況下，α之最好選擇為α=0.5。然而，並不清楚 導致α=0·5之CQI量化函數是否為所要函數。 存取點將以如CQI等級所指示之用以接通鏈結所需之功 率位準來傳輸應答頻道。在此實例中，在機率為α的情況 下’存取點必須以對應於廣播頻道之彼功率的功率進行傳 輸’且在機率為1-α的情況下，存取點可以某一較低功率進 行傳輸》因此’在α=0.5的情況下，存取點必須一半時間廣 播應答頻道。另一方面，藉由選擇α=0_5，存取點被迫較不 頻繁地廣播應答頻道而致使其餘時間中之傳輸功率之增加 及更高之總衝突機率。 圖6說明一展示基於量化CQI值之加權分割600之圖。將該 103l83.doc 1377859 感 區域分割成之不同區域，該等區域不具有均勻間隔，而相 反地基於經加權之量化CQI值進行分割。藉由加權該等區 域，額外的序文序列可用於以下的區域中：存取終端機具 有較高的機率位於彼區域中（意即，較高的質量函數 而言，區域604、608及612為可對應於具有較大數目之可用 的存取序列之較大區域。相反地，區域616及62〇為可指示 存在較小數量之使用者及因此具有較少、可用的存取序列之 φ 較小區域。因此，可基於關於一給定蜂巢中之特定範圍中 之C/Ι或接收到之功率之分佈的一些先前認識來分割該等 區域。吾人預期，地理區域不會總是表示給定CQIK圍内之 使用者密度。相反地，非均勻間隔之圖形表示將指示整個 ’’’〇疋蜂巢區域中存取序列之非均勻分佈。 在貫施例中，基於隨時間的推移而變化之存取終端機 之刀佈，蜂巢中之存取終端機之機率分佈可動態變化。因 此’某些經分割之區域可基於一天中給定時間内存取終端 • 不存在或存在而更大或更小，或否則可作為存在於- ° Q區域中之存取終端機之密度的函數而加以調節。 因此，可用於初始存取之序列被劃分為#個分割區❶存取 終端機基於至少觀測到之導頻功率及緩衝水平來痛定待用 於存，嘗叙分割區。吾人預期，亦可根據諸如封包大小、 置類型、頻寬需求或服務品質之許多其它因素來確定
分割區。一 H 令7、+ I — 疋了刀割區，存取終端機就使用彼分割區 上之均勻機率来選擇序列ID。在可用於存取之序列中，序： 子集為活動集合操作而保留，且序列之另一子集可 103183.doc 1377859 用於初始存取。在一實施例中，序列0、1及2為活動集合操 作而保留’且序列3至存取序列之總數可用於初始存取。 藉由系統資訊區塊中之存取序列分割區欄位來確定每一 分割區之大小。此通常為扇區參數之一部分。特定分割區 號#包含自下臨限值（分割區#下限）至上臨限值（分割區#上 限）之範圍内之序列識別符。使用分割區大小來確定兩個臨 丨I艮值，該等分割區大小部分地提供於下表1中：
存取序列 卜割區 N大小（N自1至8^ 分割區 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 δ 00000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00001 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 S2 00010 S3 S3 S S1 S1 S1 S1 SI 00011 S1 S1 S1 S3 S3 S3 S1 SI 00100 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S3 S3 00101 S3 S1 S1 S3 S1 S1 S3 SI 00101 S1 S3 S1 S1 S3 S1 S1 S3 00110 S1 S3 S1 S3 TP _ SI 00111 S3 S3 S1 S3 S1 S1 SI SI 01000 S1 S1 S1 S3 S3 S1 S3 SI 因此，在此實施例中，存取終端機基於來自正進行存取 嘗試之扇區的擷取導頻功率與擷取導頻功率時間片中接收 之總功率之比率（以分貝量測）來選擇其導頻位準。基於系統 資訊訊息之導頻強度分段攔位來確定導頻臨限值。 實施例描述了藉以根據量化CQI之統計來分割存取序列 空間之技術。更精確地，P~\.P\ Pi …pM] 103183.doc 1377859 « 為量化CQI值之機率質量函數，其中
PrCC^l)^, . ^{CQI^P2，... . Pr(C0/=M)=p, 〇 隨後刀割存取序列空間成以具有類似機率質量函數。音 即’每-集合中存取序列之數目與存取序狀總數目之: 率應成比例，使得： p = bip2…ρ故1(意即，^么… VN N 5 5 N (Pi p2 ... pM) » 其中Nk為集合Ke{1，2，..，M}中之存取序列之數目。
在描述2等級CQI量化函數之實例中，其產生如下：
Pr(M(C以)=1)= c^Pr(Af(Cg/)=2)=i a。 每一集合中之存取序列數目因此分別為⑷N及⑴α)Ν，所 得衝突機率為： (〇Λ〇 該機率為可能之最小衝突機率。 對於Μ個可能C㈣級及y個同時嘗試之更—般設定而 言，衝突機率之分析表示更為複雜。 在另一實例中，考慮胸，㈣且㈣〇24。假定以45dB 步長量化CQHi。叩、卜5、1()、15'2〇]犯與以下機率 質量函數[0.05、〇.25、0.25、〇.2〇、〇 15、〇 1〇]一起給出該 等量化之CQI值。意、即，在5%時間内使用者將報告吻值低 於-3 dB，25%時間中CQI值在·3 dB與i犯之間，等等。存 取點隨後可基於所報告之CQI來調節應答頻道之功率。 使用所提議之存取序列分割技術，所得衝突機率埤似為 2.5〇/〇。相比而言，使用均勻存取序列分割之衝突機率為 3.3%。然而’ & 了在使用均勻存取序列分割時得到類似衝 103183.doc •20- 1377859 犬機率’序列總數必須增加25%而達到1280。因此，搜尋 更大數目之存取序列直接轉化為更高之複雜性及更高之誤 報警機率。
亦可在於存取頻道上用信號傳輸諸如封包大小、通訊量 類型及頻宽請I之其它資訊時使用此分割策略。此在存取 頻道（序文部分）用作使用者返回系統或請求資源時特別有 用。若已知關於待傳送資訊統計之資訊（例如，請求某一通 訊量連接（超文字傳送協定（http)、文件傳輸協定（ftp)、簡訊 服務（SMS))之時間百分比或通常需要多少頻寬，等），則此 資訊可用於確定存取序文序列空間之分割區。 圖7說明儲存於記憶體中之一表7〇〇，該表基於多種因素 將存取序列之組分割成存取序列之子組。因素包括吻範 ^緩衝水平、服務品質、封包大小、頻率頻寬請求或其 匕因素。一給定子細 、 取序列之數量可根據作為正被 的函數之給定蜂巢中之使用者的過去密度所保
，人 疋因此，母一蜂巢針對各種因素之 I5可具有存取序列之預定質量分佈。如此，多個使用者 選擇相同存取序列之衝突機率得以最小化。 數二為因素之各種组合而指派之存取序列之 ::可基於使用者需要成分之改變而動態改變。因此，若 “數量之使用者移動至—具有給㈣圍内之吻及竿: $之緩衝水平及其它多種因素之區域， 一 額外存取岸刻** 了為彼區域指派 =外存取序列。因此存取序列之動態配置仿效最 藉此最小化衝突機率。 攱優方案 103183.doc •2!· 1377859 圖8說明此種程序800。設定初始分割區8〇4，進而將複數 個存取序列分割成許多存取序列組。此等組可以Cqi值之範 圍為基礎。在一實施例中，該初始設定可基於存取序列之 均勻分佈。在另一實施例中’初始分割區大小可基於歷史 資料。計數器對每一子集中之存取嘗試進行計數8〇8。該計 數器可跟蹤隨時間推移而發生之存取嘗試以判定是否存在 變化的重或變輕使用之模式。基於此時間隨時間的推移而 發生之存取嘗試，可更新給定子集中存取嘗試之預期值 812。該預期值可由下式表示： 其中Em為該預期值，am表示給定子集申存取序列之數量， 且β為遺忘因數。該遺忘因數迭代地計算一平均此必 更近資料較大權重且給予較早資料較小權重。 、口 基於該新預期值，可確定新子集大小816。在一實施例 中’藉由以下等式確定子集大小：
Nm = N-
V^T Μ _ 二中:m為新子集大小，Ek為第k個子集之"舊"預期值，4 Μ個〜子集中之給定子集。 判定一關於新確定之子隼 ^ ^ 集大小疋否貫質上不同於先前設 疋之子集大小820。構成”音晳了 π 的。若刻—4 貫質上不同，之臨限值是可設置 义新確定之子集大小實 該等子鱼丄 貫質上不同824，則重新設定 ., 保持备刖子集大小832。 上已關於特定實施例描述 义了本發明之各種態樣及特 I03183.doc 形;=文所使用，意欲將術語I，包含,·或其任何其它變化 式解釋為並非排他地包括跟隨彼等術語後之元件或限 二因此’包含一組元件之系統、方法或其它實施例並非 =彼等元件，且可包括未明確列出或所主張之實施例 所固有之其它元件。 雖然已參考特；t實施例描述了本發明，但應瞭解該等實 細例為說明性的，且本發明之範鳴不限於此等實施例。上
述實施例之諸多變化、修改、添加及改良係可能的。吾人 預期，此等變化、修改'添加及改良屬於如以下申請專利 範圍中所詳述之本發明之範嘴。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1說明一傳輸器及一接收器之方塊圖； 圖2說明存取探針結構及存取探針序列； 圖3說明-存取終端機與—存取點之間的—傳統通話流 程； φ 圖4說明避免使用廣播應答之本發明之一實施例； 圖5說明一使用均勻間隔加以分割之蜂巢； 圖6說明一展示基於量化CQI值之加權分割之圖； 圖7說明-儲存於記憶體中之表，其基於多種因素而將存 取序列之組分割成存取序列之子組；及 圖8說明用於動態配置存取序列之程序。 【主要元件符號說明】 200 無線通訊系統 210 傳輸器 103183.doc -23* 1377859
212 資料源 220 TX資料處理器 222 傳輸器單元 224 夭線 230 控制器 232 記憶體單元 242 接收器單元 244 RX資料處理器 250 接收器 252 天線 254 接收器單元 256 偵測器 258 頻道估計器 260 RX資料處理器 262 資料接收器 270 控制器 272 記憶體單元 282 ΤΧ資料處理器 284 傳輸器單元 300 流程 304 存取終端機 312 存取點 400 實施例 404 存取終端機 103183.doc -24 · 1377859 412 500 600 700 800 存取點 蜂巢 加權分割圖 表 程序
103183.doc

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  1. 申請專利範圍： 第094123763號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍替換本(101年2月） 101· 2. 14 -種在-無線通訊系統中確定及傳輸一頻道品質指示符 之方法，該方法包含： 確定（4〇8)在一存取點（412)和一存取終端機（404)之間 的一觀測到之傳輸之一功率； 基於該觀測到之傳輸之至少該功率而辞定一頻道品質 估計； 自複數組存取序列之一組隨機地選擇一存取序列，其 中該等複數組存取序列對應於不同範圍的頻道品質值， 且其中該所it之存取序列來自該等複數組巾對應於該經 確定之頻道品質估計之該組；及 使用一存取通道而傳輸（410)該所選之存取序列。 2·如請求項1之方法，其中確定（糊）該功率進一步包含確定 一觀測到之導頻訊號之功率。 如明求項1之方法，其中確定該頻道品質估計進一步包含 確定接收到之導頻功率與雜訊之比率。 4.如請求項1之方法，其中確定該頻道品質估計進一步包含 確定接收到之導頻功率與接收到之導頻功率及雜訊之和 之比率。 如青求項1之方法，其中該等複數組存取序列中之複數個 存取序列經非均勻地分配。 6.如請求項1之方法，其中傳輸（)進-步包含根據-分頻 多工（FDM)機制進行傳輸。 7_如請求項丨之方法，其中傳輸（41〇)進一步包含根據一劃碼 103183-1010214.doc 多工（CDM)機制進行傳輸。 8·如1求項1之方法，其中該傳輸（410)進一步包含根據一正 交分頻多向近接（0FDMA)機制進行傳輸。 9·如靖求項1之方法，其中選擇進一步包含選擇指示存取終 端機需求之資訊。 ，月求項9之方法，其中選擇資訊進一步包含選擇資訊缓 衝水平需要' 服務品質需求、及/或一前向鏈結頻道品質 指示符。 1-種在一無線通訊系統中確定及傳輸一頻道品質指示符 之裝置’該裝置包含： 用於確定在一存取點（404)和一存取終端機（412)之間的 一觀測到之傳輸之一功率之構件； 用於基於至少該觀測到之傳輸之該功率而確定一頻道 品質估計之構件； 用於自複數組存取序列之一組中隨機地選擇一存取序 列之構件，其中該等複數組存取序列對應於不同範圍的 頻道質值，且其中該所選之存取序列來自該等複數組 中對應於該經確定之頻道品質估計之該組；及 用於使用一存取頻道傳輪該所選之存取序列之構件。 12. 如明求項丨丨之裝置，其中用於確定一功率位準之構件進 一步包含用於確定一觀測到之導頻訊號之功率之構件。 13. 如請求項丨丨之裝置，其中該等複數組存取序列中之複數 個存取序列經非均勻地分配。 如請求項丨丨之裝置，其中用於傳輸之構件進一步包含用 103183-1010214.doc -2 - 於根據一分頻多工（FDM)機制進行傳輸之構件。 15·如請求項U之裝置，其中用於傳輸之構件進一 於根據一劃碼多工（CDM)機制進行傳輸之構件4含用 丨6·如請求項1!之裝置，其中用於傳輸之構件進一。 17 正交分頻多工(OFDM)機制進行傳輸之構：：用 件根據-正交分頻多向近接(0職A)機制進行傳輸之 18. 如請求項U之裝置，其巾詩選擇之構件進 於選擇指示存取終端機需求之資訊之構件。匕含用 19. 如凊求項18之裝置，其中用於選擇資訊之構件進—步包 含用於選擇關於緩衝水平需要、服務品質需求、及/或一 前向鏈結頻道品質指示符之資訊之構件。 2〇·如請求項U-19中任一項之裝置，其中· 該用於確定一功率之構件及該用於確定一估計之構件 為一處理器； ~裝置包含一记憶體元件，其經組態以儲存複數個存 取序列群； 該用於選擇之構件為一選擇器；及 該用於傳輸之構件為一傳輸器。 1·如叫求項20之裝置，其中該處理器進一步包含確定所接 收之導頻功率及雜訊比率。 種在無線通訊系統中傳輸對一偵測到之存取序列之 一應答之方法，該方法包含·· 103183-1010214.doc 1377859 使用-存取頻道而接收（41q)—存取序列； 根據該所接收之存取岸而丨；, 心仔取序列而確定至少一頻道品質估 計；及 基於該頻道品質估計伟用 ** _ 具估蚱使用一適當之功率而傳輸（416)該 所接收之存取序列之一應答指示符。 23·如請求項22之方法，其進一牛釦 丹進步包含在一共用信號頻道 (SSCH)上傳輸一應答指示符。 24.如請求項22之方法’其中該應答指示符包括於一共用信 號頻道（SSCHkm段-中，其中該8贿之該區段: 基於成功接收該應答指示符所需之傳輸功率而得以分 割。 25· -種用於在一無線通訊系、统中傳輪對一俄㈣之存取序 列之一應答之裝置，該裝置包含： 用於使用一存取頻道接收一存取序列之構件； 用於根據該所接收之存取序列而確定至少一頻道品質 估計之構件；及 用於基於該頻道品質估計使用一適當量之功率而傳輸 該所接收之存取序列之一應答指示符之構件。 26. 如請求項25之裝置，其進一步包含用於在一共用信號頻 道（SSCH)上傳輸一應答指示符之構件。 27. 如請求項25之裝置，其中該應答指示符包括於一共用信號 頻道（SSCH)之一特定區段中，其中該88(：11之該區段係^於 用以成功接收該應答指示符所需之傳輸功率而得以分割。 103183-1010214.doc
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