TWI450624B - 存取頻道上有效率的信號 - Google Patents

存取頻道上有效率的信號 Download PDF

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TWI450624B
TWI450624B TW101105728A TW101105728A TWI450624B TW I450624 B TWI450624 B TW I450624B TW 101105728 A TW101105728 A TW 101105728A TW 101105728 A TW101105728 A TW 101105728A TW I450624 B TWI450624 B TW I450624B
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access
cqi
channel
sequences
sequence
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TW201228438A (en
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Alexei Gorokhov
Arak Sutivong
Edward Harrison Teague
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/004—Transmission of channel access control information in the uplink, i.e. towards network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
    • H04B17/24—Monitoring; Testing of receivers with feedback of measurements to the transmitter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
    • H04L1/1692—Physical properties of the supervisory signal, e.g. acknowledgement by energy bursts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H04L1/0026—Transmission of channel quality indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/542—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using measured or perceived quality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Description

存取頻道上有效率的信號
本發明大體而言係關於無線通訊，且更具體言之，本發明係關於多向近接無線通訊系統中之資料傳輸。
存取終端機在反向鏈結上使用存取頻道以與存取點初始聯繫。存取終端機可起始一存取嘗試(access attempt)以請求專用頻道來登錄或執行一交遞等。在起始一存取嘗試前，存取終端機自下行鏈路頻道接收資訊以確定來自附近存取點之最強訊號強度並獲得下行鏈路時序。隨後存取終端機能夠解碼由給定存取點在一廣播頻道上傳輸之資訊，該資訊係關於對管理該存取終端機之存取嘗試之參數的選擇。
在一些無線通訊系統中，存取頻道涉及探針及正被提供之訊息兩者。在其它無線通訊系統中，存取頻道僅涉及探針。一旦探針得以應答，管理存取終端機之存取嘗試之訊息就得以傳輸。
在一正交分頻多向近接(OFDMA)系統中，存取終端機通常將待於存取頻道上傳輸之存取傳輸分成多個部分，一序文傳輸及一有效負載傳輸。為了防止歸因於存取序文傳輸期間反向鏈結上缺少良好時序之蜂巢內干擾，可對一基於劃碼多工(CDM)之序文傳輸與該等傳輸之其餘部分(意即，通訊量、控制及存取有效負載)加以劃時多工。為了存取該系統，存取終端機隨後自一組偽隨機(PN)序列中選擇一個PN序列並在存取時間片期間將其作為其序文進行發送。
存取點搜尋存取時間片期間可能已經傳輸之任何序文(意即，所有可能的PN序列)。依據衝突機率、誤偵測機率及誤報警(false alarm)機率來量測存取序文傳輸效能。衝突機率係指在相同存取時間片中一個以上存取終端機選擇一特定偽隨機(PN)序列作為其序文之機率。此機率與可用序文序列之數目成反比。誤偵測機率係指所傳輸之PN序列未由基地台偵測到之機率。誤報警機率係指實際上未傳輸序文時存取點錯誤地聲明已傳輸序文之機率。此機率隨著可用序文數目之增加而增加。
存取點隨後針對偵測到之每一序文傳輸一應答。應答訊息可包括一偵測到之PN序列、時序偏移校正及用於存取有效負載傳輸之頻道索引。其PN序列得以應答之存取終端機隨後可使用所指派之資源傳輸個別存取有效負載。
因為存取點預先不知道存取終端機在系統中之何處(意即，其功率需求、緩衝水平(buffer level)或服務品質會如何)，所以該應答訊息係以一足夠高之功率位準廣播使得給定蜂巢中之所有存取終端機皆可解碼該訊息。由於該廣播應答需要一不成比例之數量之傳輸功率及/或頻寬來接通鏈結，所以其係低效率的。因此，需要更有效率地向一給定蜂巢中之存取終端機發送應答訊息。
本發明之實施例最小化一廣播應答頻道在其序文傳輸期間之使用。本發明之實施例進一步解決在存取序文傳輸期間如何將關於前向鏈結頻道品質之資訊在存取頻道上進行有效率之信號傳輸之問題。
在一實施例中，描述一種用於傳輸頻道品質指示符同時最小化廣播頻道之使用之裝置及方法。確定觀測到之傳輸訊號之前向鏈結幾何結構之一量度。一頻道品質值之指示符係確定為該等觀測到之傳輸訊號之函數。自複數組存取序列之一組中隨機選擇一存取序列，其中該等複數組存取序列之每一者對應於不同範圍的頻道品質值。
前向鏈結幾何結構之量度可確定為觀測到的導頻訊號、雜訊及/或資料頻道上之通訊量之函數。複數組存取序列中之存取序列數量經非均勻地分配。在一實施例中，該等存取序列經分配以反映存取點周圍之存取終端機分佈。在另一實施例中，存取序列經分配以與需要一給定量之功率之存取終端機的數目成比例，該功率係將應答指示符發送至該存取終端機所需之功率。
在另一實施例中，描述一種分割複數個存取序列之方法。確定一存取點周圍複數個存取終端機之機率分佈。該機率分佈係確定為具有一預定範圍內之CQI值之複數個存取終端機之函數。存取序列組經指派以與該機率分佈成比例。存取序列可由存取點周圍之存取終端機分佈之改變決定而重新指派。
在又一實施例中，描述了一種傳輸一偵測到之存取序列之一應答的裝置及方法。接收一存取序列。可在儲存於記憶體中之一查找表中查找該存取序列以確定給定存取終端機之至少一屬性(由存取序列決定)。該屬性可為諸如頻道品質指示符、緩衝水平及服務品質指示符之資訊。隨後向存取終端機傳輸資訊，在該存取終端機上該資訊與該屬性相稱且一致。經傳輸之資訊可包括一應答指示符。可在一共用信號頻道(SSCH)上傳輸該應答指示符。
以下進一步詳述本發明之各種態樣及實施例。
本文所使用之詞語"例示性"意味"用作一實例、實體或說明"。不必將本文描述為"例示性"之任何實施例或設計解釋為較之其它實施例或設計更佳或更有利。
可將本文所描述之用於為單個封包使用多重調變機制之技術可用於多種通訊系統，諸如正交分頻多向近接(OFDMA)系統、劃碼多向近接(CDMA)系統、劃時多向近接(TDMA)系統、分頻多向近接(FDMA)系統、基於正交分頻多工(OFDM)之系統、單輸入單輸出(SISO)系統、多輸入多輸出(MIMO)系統，等等。此等技術可用於利用增量冗餘(IR)之系統及不利用IR之系統(例如，僅重現資料之系統)。
本發明之實施例藉由使存取終端機在其序文傳輸期間指示一諸如前向鏈結頻道品質(意即，CQI)、緩衝水平需求、服務品質需求等參數而避免使用廣播應答頻道。藉由使存取終端機指示前向鏈結頻道品質，存取點可使用適當之功率值在一頻道上為一給定存取終端機或存取終端機組傳輸每一應答。在將應答訊息傳輸至一組存取終端機之情形中，將應答訊息發送至已指示相同或類似CQI值(在一範圍內)之多個存取終端機。本發明之實施例進一步解決在存取序文傳輸期間如何在存取頻道上有效率地用信號傳輸CQI之問題。
"存取終端機"係指提供音訊及/或資料連通性至使用者之器件。存取終端機可連接至諸如膝上型電腦或桌上型電腦之計算器件，或其可為諸如個人數位助理之自持器件。存取終端機亦可稱為用戶台、用戶單元、行動台、無線器件、行動器件、遠端台、遠端終端機、使用者終端機、使用者代理或使用者設備。用戶台可為行動電話、PCS電話、無線電話、會話起始協定(SIP)電話、無線區域迴路(WLL)台、個人數位助理(PDA)、具有無線連接性能之手持式器件或連接至無線數據機之其它處理器件。
"存取點"係指存取網路中之器件，其在無線電界面上經由一或多個扇區與存取終端機或其它存取點進行通訊。藉由將接收到的無線電界面訊框轉換成IP封包，存取點在存取終端機與存取網路之其餘部分之間起一路由器之作用，該存取網路可包括IP網路。存取點亦協調該無線電界面之屬性管理。存取點可為基地台、基地台之一扇區及/或基地收發台(BTS)及基地台控制器(BSC)之組合。
圖1說明一無線通訊系統100中之一傳輸器110及一接收器150之方塊圖。在傳輸器110處，TX(傳輸)資料處理器120自資料源112接收資料封包。TX資料處理器120根據為彼封包所選之模式處理(例如，格式化、編碼、分割、交 錯及調變)每一資料封包並為該封包產生多達T個資料符號塊。為每一資料封包所選之模式可指示(1)封包大小(意即，封包之資訊位元數目)及(2)用於彼封包之每一資料符號塊之編碼率與調變機制之特定組合。控制器130基於所選模式為每一資料封包提供多種控制至資料源112及TX資料處理器120。TX資料處理器120提供資料符號區塊流(例如，每一訊框一區塊)，其中每一封包之區塊可與一或多個其它封包之區塊交錯。
傳輸器單元(TMTR)122自TX資料處理器120接收資料符號區塊流並產生經調變之訊號。傳輸器單元122在導頻符號同資料符號中進行多工操作(例如，使用劃時、分頻及/或劃碼多工技術)並獲得一傳輸符號流。每一傳輸符號可為一資料符號、一導頻符號或一具有零訊號值之空符號。若系統使用OFDM，則傳輸器單元122可執行OFDM調變。傳輸器單元122產生一時域樣本流且進一步調節(例如，轉換成類比、增頻變換、過濾及放大)該樣本流以產生經調變之訊號。隨後，該經調變之訊號自天線124傳輸且經由一通訊頻道傳輸至接收器150。
在接收器150處，由天線152接收所傳輸之訊號，並將該接收到的訊號提供至接收器單元(RCVR)154。接收器單元154調節、數位化且預處理(例如，OFDM解調變)所接收之訊號以獲得接收到的資料符號及接收到的導頻符號。接收器單元154將接收到的資料符號提供至偵測器156並將接收到的導頻符號提供至頻道估計器158。頻道估計器158處理 接收到的導頻符號並為通訊頻道提供頻道估計(例如，頻道增益估計及SINR估計)。偵測器156用該等頻道估計對接收到之資料符號執行偵測並將經偵測之資料符號提供至RX(接收)資料處理器160。經偵測之資料符號可藉由用於形成資料符號之碼位元的對數相似值比(LLR)加以表示(如下文所描述)或藉由其它表示法加以表示。只要為一給定資料封包獲得經偵測之資料符號之新區塊，RX資料處理器160就處理(例如，解交錯及解碼)為彼封包所獲得之全部經偵測之資料符號並將一經解碼封包提供至資料接收器162。RX資料處理器160亦檢查該經解碼之封包並提供指示彼封包是經正確解碼還是經錯誤地解碼之封包狀態。
控制器170自頻道估計器158接收頻道估計且自RX資料處理器160接收封包狀態。控制器170基於該等頻道估計為待傳輸至接收器150之下一資料封包選擇一模式。控制器170亦組合回饋資訊。該回饋資訊由TX資料處理器182處理，由傳輸器單元184進一步調節並經由天線152傳輸至傳輸器110。
在傳輸器110處，來自接收器150之傳輸訊號由天線124接收，由接收器單元142調節並由RX資料處理器144進一步處理以恢復接收器150所發送之回饋資訊。控制器130獲得接收到之回饋資訊，使用ACK/NAK來控制發送至接收器150之封包的IR傳輸，並使用所選模式處理待發送至接收器150之下一資料封包。控制器130及170分別導引傳輸器110及接收器150處之操作。記憶單元132及172分別為控 制器130及170所使用之程式碼及資料提供儲存。
圖2說明存取探針結構及存取探針序列200。在圖2中，展示了Ns個探針序列，其中每一探針序列具有Np個探針。媒體存取控制層(MAC)協定藉由指令實體層傳輸探針來傳輸存取探針。藉由該指令，存取頻道MAC協定向實體層提供多個元素，包括(但不限於)功率位準、存取序列識別、將向其傳輸存取探針之扇區之導頻PN、時序偏移欄位及控制分段欄位。以漸增功率傳輸一序列中之每一探針直至存取終端機接收一存取授權。若協定接收一撤銷命令或若已傳輸每一序列之最大數目之探針則終止傳輸。在傳輸所有探針序列之第一探針之前，存取終端機形成一持續性測試，該持續性測試用於控制存取頻道上之阻塞。
圖3說明一存取終端機與一存取點之間的傳統通話流程300。存取終端機304自一組PN序列中隨機選擇一序文或PN序列，且在存取時間片期間將該序文發送308至存取點312。一經接收，存取點312隨後為經偵測之每一序文傳輸316一存取授權，包括廣播應答。此應答係以足夠高之功率傳輸之廣播應答使得給定蜂巢中之所有存取終端機能夠解碼該廣播應答。因為存取點預先並不知道存取終端機在該系統中何處，且因此不知道存取終端機解碼廣播應答所需之功率位準，所以認為該以足夠高之功率傳輸之廣播應答是必要的。接收存取授權316後，存取終端機304按照配置於存取授權中所界定之資源發送320有效負載。
因為上述廣播應答傳輸需要不成比例之數量之傳輸功率及/或頻寬來接通鏈結，所以其相對而言效率低。圖4說明避免使用該廣播應答之實施例400。存取終端機觀測408來自存取點之傳輸。在觀測中，存取終端機確定其接收到之傳輸的功率。此等觀測通常涉及根據作為一共用信號頻道(SSCH)頻道之一部分之觀測到之擷取導頻訊號傳輸或導頻傳輸來確定前向鏈結頻道品質。
存取終端機404隨後自一組存取序列中隨機選擇一序文或存取序列，並將該序文410發送至存取點412。此序文與前向鏈結頻道品質(CQI)之一些認識一同傳輸。CQI資訊可在該序文內加以傳輸或附加至其。在另一實施例中，自複數組存取序列中隨機選擇一存取序列，其中為每一組存取序列指定一CQI值範圍。舉例而言，前向鏈結頻道品質之指示可為觀測到之導頻訊號功率。可基於一組預定值將經觀測之導頻訊號功率量化成CQI值。因此，給定範圍之接收到的導頻訊號功率可對應於一給定CQI值。因此，存取點412可依靠一給定存取終端機所選之存取序列來確定該存取終端機之CQI值。
因為存取終端機在其與存取點412之初始存取嘗試期間發送一前向鏈結頻道品質指示符，所以存取點412具有使用一用於所指定之存取終端機404之適當功率值在一頻道上傳輸416每一應答所需之認識。在一實施例中，應答訊息可發送至具有相同或類似的CQI值之一組存取終端機。此可藉由使用SSCH而實現。因此，基於存取終端機成功接收傳輸所需之功率位準，存取點在SSCH訊息之適當區段中發送應答訊息。
除了CQI資訊之外，存取終端機在初始存取階段可向存取點發送所關注之其它資訊。舉例而言，存取終端機可發送一指示該存取終端機意欲向存取點發送之資料之數量的緩衝水平指示符。藉由該認識，存取點能夠適當地確定初始資源指派之大小。
存取終端機亦可發送關於優先權組或服務品質之資訊。此資訊可用於在有限的存取點容量或系統超負載的情況下以優先順序排列存取終端機。
存取終端機一接收到存取授權訊息，存取終端機404就按照存取授權訊息中所界定之資源發送420有效負載。藉由在初始存取階段接收額外資訊，存取點將能夠利用將CQI、緩衝水平及服務品質資訊認識為存取授權訊息一部分。
圖5說明使用均勻間隔進行分割之一蜂巢500。該蜂巢被劃分為許多區域R ，其中每一區域藉由使觀測到之量度的機率在一給定範圍內來界定。在一實施例中，使用前向鏈結幾何結構之觀測。舉例而言，可使用諸如C/I之量度，其中C為接收到之導頻功率且I為觀測到之雜訊。又，可使用C/(C+I)。換言之，使用一些利用觀測到之訊號功率及雜訊的量測。此等經觀測之量度對應於給定CQI值或值範圍，該等CQI值或值範圍因此界定區域。舉例而言，區域R 1 界定一具有對應於大於P1 的功率及/或雜訊位準之CQI值之區域。區域R 2 界定一具有對應於滿足P 2 >R 2 >P 1 的功率及/或雜訊位準之CQI值之區域。類似地，區域R3 界定一具有對應於滿足P 3 >R 3 >P 2 的功率及/或雜訊位準之CQI值之區域，等等。區域R N-1 具有對應於屬於P x >R N-1 >P y 範圍內的功率及/或雜訊位準之CQI值。類似地，區域R N 具有對應於滿足經觀測之功率及/或雜訊位準<P x 之功率及/或雜訊位準之CQI值。
理論上，藉由選擇傳輸N 個可能序文序列之一者，可傳送高達log2 (N)個位元之資訊。舉例而言，當N =1024時，可傳送多達log2 (1024)=10個位元。因此，藉由選擇傳輸哪一序文序列，有可能將使用者相關資訊作為序文傳輸之一部分而嵌入其中。
共同使用之技術是隨後將N 個序文序列分割成M 個不同集合，標記為{1,2,...,M }。為了用信號傳輸log2 (M)個可能性(意即，log2 (M)個位元)之一者，選擇並傳輸一適當集合中之一序列。舉例而言，為了用信號傳輸訊息索引k {1,2,...,M }，(隨機)選擇並傳輸第k 個集合中之一序列。假定在接收器處進行了正確偵測，可基於接收到之序列所屬之集合之索引而獲得所傳輸之資訊(意即，log2 (M )個位元訊息)。
在一均勻分割策略中，其中將N 個序文序列均勻地分割成M 個組(意即，每一組含有N /M 個序列)。基於所量測之CQI值，選擇並傳輸一適當集合中之序文序列之一者。隨後衝突機率取決於所量測之CQI之映射/量化及同時發生的存取嘗試之數目。
此可藉由考慮CQI之簡單2等級量化(意即，M =2)來加以說明，其中Pr(M (CQI)=1)=α且Pr(M (CQI)=1)=α，其中M (x)為將經量測之CQI值映射成兩個等級之一者的量化函數。
藉由均勻存取序列分割，將N 個序文序列分割成兩個集合，其中每一集合中具有N/2個序列。如舉例而言，假定存在兩個同時發生的存取嘗試(意即，在每一存取時間片中正好兩個存取終端機正試圖存取系統)。衝突機率給出如下：
在機率為α2 的情況下，兩個存取終端機希望發送M =1(意即，其均具有經量化的CQI等級=1)。由於在第一集合中存在N/2個序文序列供選擇，所以衝突機率(假定兩個存取終端機均自此集合選擇其序列)為1/(N/2)。依相同邏輯，可得出另一集合之衝突機率。
因此，總衝突機率取決於參數α及同時發生的存取嘗試之數目。衝突機率可高至2/N(α=0、1)或低至1/N(α=0.5)。因此，在此情況下，α之最好選擇為α=0.5。然而，並不清楚導致α=0.5之CQI量化函數是否為所要函數。
存取點將以如CQI等級所指示之用以接通鏈結所需之功率位準來傳輸應答頻道。在此實例中，在機率為α的情況下，存取點必須以對應於廣播頻道之彼功率的功率進行傳輸，且在機率為1-α的情況下，存取點可以某一較低功率進行傳輸。因此，在α=0.5的情況下，存取點必須一半時間廣播應答頻道。另一方面，藉由選擇α=0.5，存取點被迫較不頻繁地廣播應答頻道而致使其餘時間中之傳輸功率之增加及更高之總衝突機率。
圖6說明一展示基於量化CQI值之加權分割600之圖。將該區域分割成之不同區域，該等區域不具有均勻間隔，而相反地基於經加權之量化CQI值進行分割。藉由加權該等區域，額外的序文序列可用於以下的區域中：存取終端機具有較高的機率位於彼區域中(意即，較高的質量函數)。舉例而言，區域604、608及612為可對應於具有較大數目之可用的存取序列之較大區域。相反地，區域616及620為可指示存在較小數量之使用者及因此具有較少可用的存取序列之較小區域。因此，可基於關於一給定蜂巢中之特定範圍中之C/I或接收到之功率之分佈的一些先前認識來分割該等區域。吾人預期，地理區域不會總是表示給定CQI範圍內之使用者密度。相反地，非均勻間隔之圖形表示將指示整個給定蜂巢區域中存取序列之非均勻分佈。
在一實施例中，基於隨時間的推移而變化之存取終端機之分佈，蜂巢中之存取終端機之機率分佈可動態變化。因此，某些經分割之區域可基於一天中給定時間內存取終端機之不存在或存在而更大或更小，或否則可作為存在於一給定CQI區域中之存取終端機之密度的函數而加以調節。
因此，可用於初始存取之序列被劃分為N 個分割區。存取終端機基於至少觀測到之導頻功率及緩衝水平來確定待用於存取嘗試之分割區。吾人預期，亦可根據諸如封包大小、通訊量類型、頻寬需求或服務品質之許多其它因素來確定分割區。一旦確定了分割區，存取終端機就使用彼分割區上之均勻機率來選擇序列ID。在可用於存取之序列中，序列之一子集為活動集合操作而保留，且序列之另一子集可用於初始存取。在一實施例中，序列0、1及2為活動集合操作而保留，且序列3至存取序列之總數可用於初始存取。
藉由系統資訊區塊中之存取序列分割區欄位來確定每一分割區之大小。此通常為扇區參數之一部分。特定分割區號N 包含自下臨限值(分割區N 下限)至上臨限值(分割區N 上限)之範圍內之序列識別符。使用分割區大小來確定兩個臨限值，該等分割區大小部分地提供於下表1中：
因此，在此實施例中，存取終端機基於來自正進行存取嘗試之扇區的擷取導頻功率與擷取導頻功率時間片中接收之總功率之比率(以分貝量測)來選擇其導頻位準。基於系統資訊訊息之導頻強度分段欄位來確定導頻臨限值。
實施例描述了藉以根據量化CQI之統計來分割存取序列空間之技術。更精確地，
p =[p 1 　p 2 ...p M ]
為量化CQI值之機率質量函數，其中
Pr(CQI =1)=p 1 、Pr(CQI =2)=p 2 、...、Pr(CQI =M)=p M 。
隨後分割存取序列空間成以具有類似機率質量函數。意即，每一集合中存取序列之數目與存取序列之總數目之比率應成比例，使得：
p =[p 1 p 2 ...p M ](意即，)=(p 1 p 2 ...p M )，
其中Nk 為集合K{1,2,...,M}中之存取序列之數目。
在描述2等級CQI量化函數之實例中，其產生如下：
Pr(M (CQI )=1)=α且Pr(M (CQI )=2)=1-α。
每一集合中之存取序列數目因此分別為(α)N及(1-α)N，所得衝突機率為：
該機率為可能之最小衝突機率。
對於M個可能CQI 等級及U 個同時嘗試之更一般設定而言，衝突機率之分析表示更為複雜。
在另一實例中，考慮M =6，U =8且N =1024。假定以4-5 dB步長量化CQI值。以[-3、1、5、10、15、20]dB與以下機率質量函數[0.05、0.25、0.25、0.20、0.15、0.10]一起給出該等量化之CQI值。意即，在5%時間內使用者將報告CQI值低於-3 dB，25%時間中CQI值在-3 dB與1 dB之間，等等。存取點隨後可基於所報告之CQI來調節應答頻道之功率。
使用所提議之存取序列分割技術，所得衝突機率近似為2.5%。相比而言，使用均勻存取序列分割之衝突機率為3.3%。然而，為了在使用均勻存取序列分割時得到類似衝突機率，序列總數必須增加25%而達到1280。因此，搜尋更大數目之存取序列直接轉化為更高之複雜性及更高之誤報警機率。
亦可在於存取頻道上用信號傳輸諸如封包大小、通訊量類型及頻寬請求之其它資訊時使用此分割策略。此在存取頻道(序文部分)用作使用者返回系統或請求資源時特別有用。若已知關於待傳送資訊統計之資訊(例如，請求某一通訊量連接(超文字傳送協定(http)、文件傳輸協定(ftp)、簡訊服務(SMS))之時間百分比或通常需要多少頻寬，等)，則此資訊可用於確定存取序文序列空間之分割區。
圖7說明儲存於記憶體中之一表700，該表基於多種因素將存取序列之組分割成存取序列之子組。因素包括CQI範圍、緩衝水平、服務品質、封包大小、頻率頻寬請求或其它因素。一給定子組中之存取序列之數量可根據作為正被考慮之因素的函數之給定蜂巢中之使用者的過去密度所保持的統計來初始地確定。因此，每一蜂巢針對各種因素之組合可具有存取序列之預定質量分佈。如此，多個使用者選擇相同存取序列之衝突機率得以最小化。
在一實施例中，為因素之各種組合而指派之存取序列之數量可基於使用者需要成分之改變而動態改變。因此，若更高數量之使用者移動至一具有給定範圍內之CQI及某一量之緩衝水平及其它多種因素之區域，則可為彼區域指派額外存取序列。因此存取序列之動態配置仿效最優方案，藉此最小化衝突機率。
圖8說明此種程序800。設定初始分割區804，進而將複數個存取序列分割成許多存取序列組。此等組可以CQI值之範圍為基礎。在一實施例中，該初始設定可基於存取序列之均勻分佈。在另一實施例中，初始分割區大小可基於歷史資料。計數器對每一子集中之存取嘗試進行計數808。該計數器可跟蹤隨時間推移而發生之存取嘗試以判定是否存在變化的重或變輕使用之模式。基於此時間隨時間的推移而發生之存取嘗試，可更新給定子集中存取嘗試之預期值812。該預期值可由下式表示：
Em :=(1-β )Em +βα m (α m -1)，
其中Em 為該預期值，am 表示給定子集中存取序列之數量，且β為遺忘因數。該遺忘因數迭代地計算一平均值，此給予更近資料較大權重且給予較早資料較小權重。
基於該新預期值，可確定新子集大小816。在一實施例中，藉由以下等式確定子集大小：
其中Nm 為新子集大小，Ek 為第k個子集之"舊"預期值，m為M個總子集中之給定子集。
判定一關於新確定之子集大小是否實質上不同於先前設定之子集大小820。構成"實質上不同"之臨限值是可設置的。若判定新確定之子集大小實質上不同824，則重新設定該等子集大小。否則(828)，保持當前子集大小832。
以上已關於特定實施例描述了本發明之各種態樣及特徵。如本文所使用，意欲將術語"包含"或其任何其它變化形式解釋為並非排他地包括跟隨彼等術語後之元件或限制。因此，包含一組元件之系統、方法或其它實施例並非僅限於彼等元件，且可包括未明確列出或所主張之實施例所固有之其它元件。
雖然已參考特定實施例描述了本發明，但應瞭解該等實施例為說明性的，且本發明之範疇不限於此等實施例。上述實施例之諸多變化、修改、添加及改良係可能的。吾人預期，此等變化、修改、添加及改良屬於如以下申請專利範圍中所詳述之本發明之範疇。
200．．．無線通訊系統
210．．．傳輸器
212．．．資料源
220．．．TX資料處理器
222．．．傳輸器單元
224．．．天線
230．．．控制器
232．．．記憶體單元
242．．．接收器單元
244．．．RX資料處理器
250．．．接收器
252．．．天線
254．．．接收器單元
256．．．偵測器
258．．．頻道估計器
260．．．RX資料處理器
262．．．資料接收器
270．．．控制器
272．．．記憶體單元
282．．．TX資料處理器
284．．．傳輸器單元
300．．．流程
304．．．存取終端機
312．．．存取點
400．．．實施例
404．．．存取終端機
412．．．存取點
500．．．蜂巢
600．．．加權分割圖
700．．．表
800．．．程序
圖1說明一傳輸器及一接收器之方塊圖；
圖2說明存取探針結構及存取探針序列；
圖3說明一存取終端機與一存取點之間的一傳統通話流程；
圖4說明避免使用廣播應答之本發明之一實施例；
圖5說明一使用均勻間隔加以分割之蜂巢；
圖6說明一展示基於量化CQI值之加權分割之圖；
圖7說明一儲存於記憶體中之表，其基於多種因素而將存取序列之組分割成存取序列之子組；及
圖8說明用於動態配置存取序列之程序。
400．．．實施例
404．．．存取終端機
412．．．存取點

Claims (15)

  1. 一種用於在序文傳輸期間將一廣播應答頻道最小化之方法，該方法包含：確定來自一所觀測導頻信號傳輸之一前向鏈結頻道品質；基於該所觀測導頻信號傳輸，自存取序列之一群中隨機地選擇一存取序列，其中存取序列之該群指定前向鏈結頻道品質(CQI)值之一範圍。
  2. 如請求項1之方法，其中該確定之步驟進一步包含確定來自作為一共用信號頻道(SSCH)頻道之一部分之一導頻傳輸之前向鏈結頻道品質。
  3. 如請求項1或2之方法，進一步包含傳輸該存取序列。
  4. 如請求項3之方法，其中該傳輸之步驟進一步包含發送一緩衝水平指示符。
  5. 如請求項3之方法，其中該傳輸之步驟進一步包含發送關於優先權組之資訊。
  6. 如請求項3之方法，其中該傳輸之步驟進一步包含發送關於服務品質之資訊。
  7. 如請求項1或2之方法，進一步包含接收來自該存取點之一存取授權。
  8. 如請求項7之方法，進一步包含基於在該存取授權中所定義之一資源，發送一有效負載至一存取點。
  9. 如請求項1或2之方法，其中CQI值之該範圍係基於一所觀測信號功率或雜訊。
  10. 一種在序文傳輸期間將一廣播應答頻道最小化之無線通訊裝置，其包含：用於確定來自一所觀測導頻信號傳輸之一前向鏈結頻道品質之構件；用於基於該所觀測導頻信號傳輸而自存取序列之一群中隨機地選擇一存取序列之構件，其中存取序列之該群指定前向鏈結頻道品質(CQI)值之一範圍。
  11. 如請求項10之無線通訊裝置，進一步包含用於傳輸該存取序列之構件。
  12. 如請求項10或11之無線通訊裝置，其中CQI值之該範圍係基於一所觀測導頻信號功率，該所觀測導頻信號功率係基於一組預定值而被量化至CQI值之該範圍。
  13. 如請求項10或11之無線通訊裝置，其中一組預定值係基於被劃分為數個區域之一蜂巢，其中一區域係藉由在一範圍內具有之所觀測量度之一機率而被界定。
  14. 如請求項10或11之無線通訊裝置，其中一組預定值係基於被劃分為數個區域之一蜂巢，其中一區域係藉由經加權之被量化之CQI值而被界定。
  15. 如請求項10或11之無線通訊裝置，其中基於該蜂巢中一具體範圍中所觀測信號功率或雜訊之一分布，該蜂巢被劃分為數個區域。
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