TWI330080B - Solid pharmaceutical compositions containing pregabalin - Google Patents
Solid pharmaceutical compositions containing pregabalin Download PDFInfo
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- TWI330080B TWI330080B TW095140374A TW95140374A TWI330080B TW I330080 B TWI330080 B TW I330080B TW 095140374 A TW095140374 A TW 095140374A TW 95140374 A TW95140374 A TW 95140374A TW I330080 B TWI330080 B TW I330080B
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- pharmaceutical composition
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- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- AYXYPKUFHZROOJ-ZETCQYMHSA-N pregabalin Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](CN)CC(O)=O AYXYPKUFHZROOJ-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 229960001233 pregabalin Drugs 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012729 immediate-release (IR) formulation Substances 0.000 claims description 21
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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Description
九、發明說明: ί發明所屬^技挪"領域】 發明背景 本發明係有關於含前伽巴素之固體藥學組成物,其適 於每日一次(QD) 口服。 t先前技術3 前伽巴素或(S)-(+)-3-胺基甲基-5-甲基-己酸可以與鈣 通道之α-2-(5 (0:25)亞單體結合,且係與涉及腦神經元活 性之調節之内源抑制性神經傳遞質7 -胺基丁酸(GABΑ)有 關。如頒予R.B· Silverman等人之美國專利第5,563,175號所 迷’前伽西素具有抗癲癇發作活性,且適用於治療包括以 下病症:癲癇、疼痛,與精神運動性刺激物有關之生理病 症 '炎症 '胃腸損傷、酒精中毒、失眠症、纖維肌痛,及 各種精神病症,其包括焦慮、抑鬱、躁症,及兩極性病症。 美國已批准前伽巴素用於治療糖尿病性末梢神經病變、疱 &後的神經痛,及作為成人之局部癲癇發作的辅助療法。 則仇1巴素能有效作為膠囊中可立即釋放(IR)之配方且玎每 曰2或3次(BID或TID)對患者投予。 每曰2或更多次服用前伽巴素或其它藥物的許多患者 仍可得利於每曰一次的服藥。尤其就年長患者及服用多種 藥物之患者而言,QD服藥之方便通常可改善患者之順應 β母曰一次服藥亦可藉減少在血液中之最高含量(cmax) 而減輕或避免潛在非所欲之與劑量有關的副作用且亦可藉 増加在血漿中之最低濃度(cmin)而增加藥物有效性。 然而每日-次服用前伽巴素會產生許多難題 藥而言,習知可延長釋放㈣之組成物會成為問題因為 在!^地吸收前伽巴素。臨床研㉞示二 ===類的小腸及_,少被吸收在 =腸f曲外的_内。其表示前伽巴素之平μ收時間 帶平均約6小時或更少,因此超過6小時之得自習知er劑型 的釋藥:浪費掉’因為該劑型已移動超過該右結腸脊曲。 而且’前伽巴素為卜胺基酸’其於標準貯存條件下會進行 分子内環化反應以形成内醯胺,4_異丁基_吡咯啶酮。2 頒予A. Aomatsu之W0 99/10186及W0 99/59573,雖然已知 該藥學組成物之該等非活性組份可影響内醯胺形成但是 很難預測那一些輔藥可導致非所欲内醯胺形成。 C ^明内容;j 發明概要 本發明提供一種適用於每日一次口服之含前伽巴素的 安定藥學組成物。當以固體劑型,諸如錠劑,投予時,該 藥學組成物在胃内滞留之時間長於IR劑型。雖然其係滯留 在胃内’但是該藥學組成物可持續釋放前伽巴素。最終, °亥藥學組成物可離開胃部進入小腸,並於其中持續釋放前 伽巴素°延長前伽巴素在胃内之釋放時間能有效加寬與IR 服藥有關之吸收時間帶,藉此可允許QD服藥。此外,安定 性研究表示該藥學組成物之組份皆不會促使非所欲内醯胺 形成。 本發明一方面係提供適於QD服藥之藥學組成物,且其 包括活性藥學成份及輔藥。該活性藥學成份包括前伽巴素 或前伽巴素之藥學上可接受複合物、鹽、溶劑化物或水合 物’且該等辅藥包括基質形成劑及膨脹劑。該基質形成劑 包括聚乙酸乙稀酯(PVAc)及聚乙稀〇比洛咬嗣(PVP),且該膨 脹劑包括交聯聚乙烯吡咯啶酮。該藥學組成物典型上包含 自約5重量%至約60重量%之該活性藥學成份;該藥學組成 物典型上包含自約5重量%至約45重量%之該基質形成劑, 且該藥學組成物典型上包含自約5重量%至約7〇重量%之該 膨脹劑。 本發明另一方面係提供適於每日一次口服之固體劑 型’諸如鍵劑。該固體劑型包含上述之藥學組成物。一旦 接觸存在於,例如人類的胃液中之水時,該劑型可膨脹或 擴大至約9毫米或更大之尺寸。 本發明又一方面係提供一種治療對前伽巴素有反應之 患者的疾病或病症之方法。該方法包括使該患者每日一次 口服上述該藥學組成物。 本發明另一方面係提供一種治療對前伽巴素有反應之 患者的疾病或病症之方法,該方法包括使該患者每日一次 口服藥學組成物。該藥學組成物包含前伽巴素及一或多種 輔藥。該組成物適於在任何24小時間期内使該患者得到9微 克/毫升或更低之單一穩態最高前伽巴素濃度及約〇 7微 克/毫升或更高之穩態最低前伽巴素濃度。 【實施方式1 較佳實施例之詳細說明 定義及縮寫 除非另有指定,本揭示文係使用以下定義。 “約”、“大約”及諸如此類,當與數值變數併用時,通 常指該變數之值及在實驗誤差内(例如在平均數之95%信賴 5 區間内)或在更大的指定值之±10%内的該變數之所有數值。 “患者”係指哺乳動物,其包括人。 “藥學上可接受”物質係指在正常的醫學判斷範圍内適 用於與患者之組織接觸,且不會有不適當毒性、刺激、過 敏反應等之物質,其係與合理的利弊比相稱,且能有效用 10 於其目的用途。 “治療”通常指改變、舒緩、抑制患者之疾病或病症的 進展或預防該疾病或病症,或預防患者之此疾病或病症的 一或多種症狀。 “療法”係指如上文定義之“治療”的過程。 15 “藥劑”、“藥物”、“活性藥學成份”等係指可用以治療需 要療法之患者的化合物(例如前伽巴素)。 “治療上有效量”之藥物係指可用以治療患者之該藥物 用量,且就成年人而言,其通常在約0.001至約100毫克/ 公斤/天之範圍内,且經常在約0.1至約50毫克/公斤/天 20 之範圍内。就成年人而言,藥物之典型每曰劑量在約1毫克 至約1000毫克之範圍内。就前伽巴素而言,適於成年人之 每曰劑量可以在約50毫克至約1800毫克之範圍内且通常在 約50毫克至約900毫克之範圍内。 “惰性”物質係指除了可影響該藥物之生體可用率外不 8 具藥學活性之物質。 ‘‘輔藥”或“佐劑”係指任何惰性物質。 “藥學組成物’’係指-或多種藥物及—或多種輔藥之組 合。 、° ‘‘藥劑產物”、“藥學劑型,,、“劑型”、“最終劑型,,等係指 可對需要療法之患者投予之藥學組成物且其通常可以呈下 述形式:_、膠囊、含散劑或顆粒之小藥囊、液體溶液 或懸浮液、貼劑等。 ' “溶劑化物”係表示含該藥物(例如前伽巴素)及化學, 量或非化學計量之一或多種藥學上可接受溶劑分子(例如 乙醇)的分子複合物。當該溶劑係與該藥物緊密結合時,所 形成複合物可具有不依賴濕度之清楚定義的化學計量。然 而,當該溶劑具弱結合性(如在通道溶劑化物及吸濕性化入 物中)時,該溶劑含量係取決於濕度及乾燥條件。在此等情 況下,該複合物通常具非化學計量性。 “水合物”係表示含該藥物及化學計量或非化學計量的 水之溶劑化物。 當有關於藥學組成物或劑型使用時,“滞留在胃部内” 係指口服約3小時或更久後,至少一部份該劑型殘留在患者 之胃中,其殘留時間實質上比對應IR劑型之平均滞留時間 更久。當滯留在胃内時’該劑型可持續釋放藥物。 當有關於藥學組成物或劑型使用時,“釋放,,、“經釋放” 等係指接觸水性環境後’離開該劑型之部份藥物。除非另 有指定’係如the United States Pharmacopeia,28th Revision 1330080
Administered drug Products—General Considerations(Rev. 1, March 2003) ° “低溶性”物質為被分類為“難溶”、“微溶”、“極微溶” 或“實質上不可溶”之化合物,亦即當於室溫及pH5至7下測 5 定時,具有溶度分別為1份水至約30-100份水、約100-1,000 份水、約1,000-10,000份水或約10,000或更多份水之化合物。 表1列示本專利說明書從頭至尾所使用之縮寫。 1330080
表1 縮寫一覽表 縮寫 說明 ACN 乙腈 API 活性藥學成份 aq 水性 5 BID 每曰兩次 CAP 乙酸酞酸纖維素 CAT 乙酸苯三甲酸纖維素 CEC 羧乙基纖維素 CMC 羧甲基纖維素 10 CMEC 羧甲基乙基纖維素 cmax API在患者之血漿内的最高濃度 Cmin API在患者之血漿内的最低濃度 dpm 每分鐘驟降數 EC 乙基纖維素 15 ER 延長釋放 Et3N 三乙胺 GABA T -胺基丁酸 GI 胃腸 HDPE 高密度聚乙烯 20 HEC 羥乙基纖維素 HPC 羥丙基纖維素 HPCAP 乙酸酞酸羥丙基纖維素 HPCAS 乙酸琥珀酸羥丙基纖維素 12 1330080
10 15 20 HPLC 高壓液相層析法 HPMC 羥丙基甲基纖維素 HPMCAP 乙酸酞酸羥丙基甲基纖維素 HPMCAT 乙酸苯三甲酸羥丙基甲基纖維素 HPMCP 酞酸羥丙基甲基纖維素 IR 立即釋放 kp 千克力 L、W、Η、V 長度、寬度、高度、體積 MC 甲基纖維素 Me 甲基 Mn 數量平均分子量 Mv 以固有黏度計之分子量 Mw 重量平均分子量 n 試樣數 PE 聚乙烯 PEG 聚乙二醇 PPG 聚丙二醇 PK 藥物動力學 PVA 聚乙烯醇 PVAc 聚乙酸乙烯酯 PVP 聚乙烯。比D各咬酮 PVPP 聚乙烯聚吡咯啶酮 QD 每曰一次 RH 相對濕度 13 1330080
rpm 每分鐘轉數
RT 室溫,約20°C至25°C
s tR 5 tN 10 tmax TID USP VA v/v w/v w/w 秒 患者胃内之劑型滯留時間 劑型藥物釋放(水性溶解)時間,其中 N為釋放% ; N 2 90相當於完全釋放 投藥後達到Cmax之時間 每曰3次 美國藥典 乙酸乙烯酯 體積/總體積χΙΟΟ,% 重量(克)/總體積(毫升)χ1〇〇,% 重詈(質詈總重(質詈)χ100,% 15 本揭示内容中任何有關溫度範圍、pH範圍、重量(質量) 範圍、分子量範圍、百分比範圍等,不論是否清楚使用該 等文字“範圍”或“範圍群”,係包括所指定之端點及該等端 點間之點。 如上述,經口之藥學組成物包含活性藥學成份(API)及 20 輔藥。該活性藥學成份包括前伽巴素或其藥學上可接受複 合物、鹽、溶劑化物或水合物。該API通常佔該藥學組成物 重量之約5%至約60%,其典型上相當於含自約50毫克至約 600毫克前伽巴素之固體劑型(例如錠劑)。除了前伽巴素 外,其它有用的活性藥學成份可包括在GI道内具有類似半 (5 ) 14 1330080 生期(例如約9小時或較短)及吸收特性的成份。 可使用已知方法製成前伽巴素。在一些此等方法中, 係合成3·胺基甲基甲基·己酸之外消旋混合物,接著拆分 成其R-及S-鏡像異構物。此等方法係描述在下述專利中: 5頒予R· B· Silverman等人之美國專利第5,563,175號 '頒予T. M. Grote等人之美國專利第6,〇46,353號、頒予τ. M. Grote 等人之美國專利第5,840,956號、頒予τ. M. Gr〇te等人之美 國專利第 5,637,767 號、頒予 Β· K. Huckabee & D. M. Sobieray之美國專利第5,629,447號及頒予Β. κ. Huckabee & 10 D.M. Sobieray之美國專利第5,616,793號。在各該方法中, 該消旋物係與對掌性酸(拆分劑)反應以形成一對非對映異 構性鹽,其可藉已知技術’諸如分段結晶及層析法,而分 離。在其它方法中,係使用對掌性佐劑,(4R,5S)-4-甲基-5-苯基-2-β坐咬酿j,而直接合成前伽巴素。見,例如頒予 15 Silverman等人之美國專利第6,359,169號、第6,028,214號、 第 5,847,151號、第 5,71〇,3〇4號、第 5,684,189號、第5,608,090 號及第5,599,973號。在另一方法中,係藉經氰基取代之烯 烴的非對稱氫化反應而製成(S)-3-胺基甲基-5-曱基己酸之 對掌性氰基前驅物,繼而進行還原反應以產生前伽巴素。 20 見頒予Burk等人之美國專利申請案2003/0212290A1。 該藥學組成物可採用前伽巴素之任何藥學上可接受形 式,其包括游離態形式(兩性離子)’及其藥學上可接受複合 物 '鹽、溶劑化物、水合物’及多晶形物。鹽類包括’但 不限於酸加成鹽及鹼加成鹽’其包括半鹽8藥學上可接受 15 1330080 酸加成鹽可包括衍生自無機酸,諸如鹽酸、硝酸、磷酸、 硫酸、氫溴酸、氫碘酸、氫氟酸、磷酸等,之非毒性鹽, 及衍生自有機酸,諸如脂肪族單-及二羧酸、經苯基取代之 烧酸、經基烧酸、烧二酸、芳香族酸、脂肪族及芳香族續 5 酸等,之非毒性酸。潛在性有用的鹽包括乙酸鹽、天冬胺 酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、氯苯甲酸鹽、曱基苯曱酸鹽、二硝基苯 甲酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、碳酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、硫酸 鹽、焦硫酸鹽、亞硫酸氫鹽、亞硫酸鹽、硼酸鹽、樟腦磺 酸鹽、辛酸鹽、擰檬酸鹽、乙二磺酸鹽、乙磺酸鹽、甲酸 10 鹽、反丁烯二酸鹽、葡庚糖酸鹽、葡萄糖酸鹽、葡萄糖醛 酸鹽、六氟構酸鹽、喜本酸鹽(hibenzate)、鹽酸鹽、氯化物、 氫溴酸鹽、溴化物、氫碘酸鹽、碘化物、羥乙磺酸鹽、異 丁酸鹽、乳酸鹽、蘋果酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、 扁桃酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、萘酸鹽、2-萘磺酸鹽、菸鹼酸鹽、 15 硝酸鹽、乳清酸鹽、草酸鹽、棕櫚酸鹽、帕莫酸鹽(pamoate)、 磷酸鹽、磷酸氫鹽、磷酸二氫鹽、偏磷酸鹽、焦磷酸鹽、 酞酸鹽、丙酸鹽、葡萄糖二酸鹽、癸二酸鹽、硬脂酸鹽、 辛二酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、甲苯磺酸鹽、三氟乙酸 鹽等。 20 藥學上可接受鹼鹽可包括衍生自鹼,其包括金屬陽離 子,諸如鹼或鹼土金屬陽離子,及胺之非毒性鹽。潛在上 有用的鹽實例包括,但不限於:鋁、精胺酸、Ν,Ν'-二苄基 乙二胺、約、氣普魯卡因(chloroprocaine)、膽驗、二乙醇 胺、二乙胺、二環己基胺、乙二胺、甘胺酸、賴胺酸、鎂、 16 N-甲基還原葡萄糖胺、歐拉敏(olamine)、鉀、普魯卡因、 鈉、胺丁三醇(tromethamine) '鋅等。就有用的酸及鹼加成 鹽之討論而言,見S. M. Berge等人,J of Pharm. Sci.,66:1-19 (1977);亦見 Stahl and Wermuth,Handbook of Pharmaceutical 5 Salts: Properties,Selection, and Use (2002)。 可藉以下方法而製成前伽巴素之該等藥學上可接受 鹽:使其游離態(或兩性離子)形式與所欲酸或鹼進行反應; 自前伽巴素之合適前驅物移除酸-或鹼不穩定保護基團;使 用所欲酸或鹼進行合適環系(内醯胺)之開環反應;或使前伽 10 巴素之鹽與合適酸或驗反應或接觸合適離子交換柱而轉化 成另一種前伽巴素鹽。所有這些轉換典型上皆在溶劑内進 行。可沉澱出所形成鹽並藉過濾而收集或可藉該溶劑之蒸 發而回收。所形成鹽中之游離度可自完全游離至幾乎未游 離不等。 15 前伽巴素可以呈非溶劑化與溶劑化形式(其包括水合 物)及呈其它多組份複合物形式,其中該藥物及至少一種另 外組份係以化學計量或非化學計量存在。多組份複合物(非 鹽及溶劑化物)包括晶籠化合物(藥物-宿主包含錯合物)及 藥學共結晶。後者之定義為具有藉非共價交互作用而結合 20 在一起之中性分子成份的結晶狀錯合物。可藉以下製法而 製成共結晶:熔態結晶法;自溶劑再結晶法或物理性將該 等組份研磨在一起。見’例如〇· Almarsson & M. J. Zaworotko, Chem· Comm. 1889-1896 (2004)。就多組份錯合 物之一般評論而言,見J· K. Haleblian,J. Pharm. Sci. 64(8): 17 1330080 1269-88 (1975)。 有用的前伽巴素形式包括所有共多晶形物及晶癖、前 伽巴素之對應R-鏡像異構物,及前伽巴素與該R-鏡像異構 物之各種混合物,其包括前伽巴素與該R-鏡像異構物之外 5 消旋混合物。 此外,該藥學組成物可使用前痂巴素之前藥。可藉使 用如,例如H· Bundgaar在Design of Prodrugs (1985)中所述 之通稱為“前分子團”的官能性取代前伽巴素之合適官能基 而製成此等前藥。因此,前藥之實例可包括前伽巴素之衍 10 生物’其中酯基團可取代羧酸基團,或酿胺基可取代胺基。 有用的前伽巴素形式亦可包括藥學上可接受之同位素 標記的化合物’其中一或多個原子係藉具有相同原子序但 是原子質量或質量數不同於在自然界中佔大多數之該原子 質里或質量數的原子取代。適於包含在前伽巴素中之同位 15素實例包括氫同位素(2h及3H)、碳同位素("c、13c及14c), 及氮同位素(13N及15N)。前伽巴素之同位素標記形式通常可 藉熟悉本項技藝者已知之技術而製成。 除了 API外,該藥學組成物包括各種輔藥,其包括基質 形成劑及膨脹劑。就經口之固體劑型(例如錠劑)而言,該基 20質形成劑可提供結構完整性並有助於控制或延長釋藥速率 及其它功用。該藥學組成物可包含約5重量%至約45重量% 且通常約20重量%至約35重量%之該基質形成劑。 有用的基質形成劑包括聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVAC)及聚乙稀 吡咯啶酮(PVP)之物理混合物。聚乙烯吡咯啶輞(pvp),其 18 (S ) 1330080
10
20 亦稱為povidone或povidonum,為1-2烯基-°比嘻啶-2-酮之均 聚物,其分子量典型上為約lxlO3至約lxlO7、約2.5xl03至 約3χ106或約ΙχΙΟ4至約ΙχΙΟ5。聚乙烯吡咯啶酮係以品名 KOLLIDON®得自BASF並以品名PLASDONE®得自ISP。聚 5 乙酸乙烯酯(PVAc)為乙酸乙烯酯之均聚物,其分子量(Mw) 典型上為約lxlO5至約lxlO6。以PVAc及PVP之總重為基準 計,該基質形成劑可包含自約0重量%至約90重量%卩¥八〇、 自約20重量%至約90重量% PVAc、自約40重量%至約90重 量% PVAc、自約60重量%至約90重量% PVAc、自約70重量 %至約90重量% PVAc或自約80重量%至約90重量0/〇 PVAc。在許多情況下,以PVAc及PVP之總重為基準計,該 基質形成劑包含自約70重量%至約85重量% PVAc。有用的 基質形成劑係以品名KOLLIDON®SR得自BASF,其名義上 係為PVAc及PVP之80/19 (w/w)混合物。 該藥學組成物包括其它輔藥,其包括膨脹劑。如其名 稱所表示,該膨脹劑可自能導致固體劑型之尺寸擴大的胃 液吸收水,且亦可藉,例如產生通道或藉形成親水膠而影 響釋藥率。膨脹劑可溶或不溶於水。該藥學組成物可包含 約5重量%至約70重量%、約10重量%至約70重量%或約15 重量%至約7〇重量%之該膨脹劑。在許多情況下,該藥學組 成物可包含約1〇重量%至約55重量%、約20重量%至約55重 量%或約30重量%至約55重量%之該膨脹劑。 有用的膨脹劑包括1-乙烯基-吡咯啶-2-酮之交聯均聚 物,其亦稱為交聯之聚乙稀β比哈咬明(crospovidone)、克羅 19 1330080 斯比酮(crospovidonum)、交聯之帕比_ (povidone),及聚乙 烯聚吡咯啶酮(PVPP)。不溶於水之交聯聚乙烯吡咯啶酮係 以品名 KOLLIDON®CL 及 KOLLIDON®CL-10得自 BASF 並 以品名 POLYPLASDONE®XL及POLYPLASDONE®XL-1〇得 5 自 ISP。 除了交聯聚乙烯吡咯啶酮外,該膨脹劑可包括聚氧化 乙稀(PEO) ’其亦稱為聚環氧乙烧(p〇ly〇Xirane)及聚氧乙稀 (polyoxyethylene)。聚氧化乙烯為環氧乙烷之均聚物,其分 子量(Mw)典型上為約lxi〇5至約ιχ1〇7或約ιχ1〇6至約 10 Ιχίο7。聚氧化乙烯係根據分子量以各種等級供應且係以品 名POLYOX得自union Carbide。當與交聯聚乙烯吡咯啶酮 併用時,該藥學組成物典型上包含自約重量5%至約35重量 %或自約10重量%至約25重量%之該PE0,該藥學組成物典 型上包含自約10重量%至約35重量%或自約2〇重量%至約 15 30重量%該交聯聚乙烯吡咯啶酮。 除了基貝形成劑及膨脹劑外,該藥學組成物可選擇性 包括膠化劑,其可改良(例如延長)該劑型之釋藥特性。膠化 劑,其亦稱為親水膠,包括典型上具低水溶性(例如微溶至 難溶)之合成及自'然發生之聚合物。當接觸水時,該勝化劑 2〇可形成黏性混合物(亦即黏度大於水),其可該藥物經由該劑 型之擴散’藉此可延長藥物自該劑型之釋放時間。以該藥 學組成物之重量為基準計,該膠化劑之含量典型上為自_ 重量%至約25重量%、自約5重量%至約^重量%或自約作 量%至約20重量%。有用的膠化劑包括卡波姆(⑽。禮)、 20 1330080 多酿或兩者。 卡波姆為與烯丙基蔗糖或異戊四醇之烯丙醚交聯之丙 稀酸聚合物’且各種名稱為羧基聚亞甲基化合物、聚丙稀 酸’及羧乙烯基聚合物。以乾基計,卡波姆具有 自約56% 5至約68。錢基分子團且具有數量平均分子量約ΐχΐ〇5至約 IxlO1。或約7χ105至約4χ,卡波姆係以品名acritamer⑧ 得自RITA並以品名CARBOPOL®及pEMULEN®得自
Noveon °
代表性多醣類包括黃酸樹膠、菊糖、瓜耳樹膠、去乙 酿殼多醣、角豆膠,及角叉菜,彼等可單獨或一起使用。 黃酸樹膠,其亦稱為玉米糖膠,係為具有分子量(Mw)為約 2χ106之多醣。該聚合物係由藉(〗—4)糖苷鍵連接之冷_D_ 葡萄糖分子團主鏈及與交替之吡喃型葡萄糖分子團連接的 三醣側鏈所組成。各該側鏈係由與召_D_甘露糖分子團連接 之点-D-葡萄糖醛酸分子團及分別經由(丨―4)及(丨―2)糖苷 鍵連接之α-D-甘露糖分子團所組成。該a_D·甘露糖分子 團係經由(1—3)糖苷鍵而與該主鏈連接,且大多數該等末端 性石-D-甘露糖分子團係與丙酮酸鹽分子團連接。黃酸樹膠 典型上被製成鈉鹽、鉀鹽或鈣鹽,且以具有不同粒度之各 20 種等級得自CP Kelco之品名KELTROL®及XANTURAL®,得 自 Rhodia 之品名 RHODIGEL®,及得自 R.T. Vanderbilt Company,Inc之品名 VANZAN®。 菊糖,其亦稱為募果酸及聚果糖,係為一種天然產生 之多醣,其係由藉(2—1)糖苷鍵而連接之yS-D-果糖分子團 21 (S ) 1330080 直鏈(其通常具有葡萄糖分子端基)所組成。該等仏果糖分子 團數範圍為自2至約140個,但是典型上範圍為自約25至約 30個。菊糖係以品名 FRUTAFIT®得自 Sensus 〇perati〇ns cv 〇 5 瓜耳樹膠,其亦稱為瓜耳半乳甘露聚糖、瓜耳粉,及 積架膠(jaguar gum),係為具有分子量(Mw)為約2χ10-5之親 水膠態多醣。瓜耳樹膠係由藉(1—4)糖苷鍵而連接之召_D-甘露糖分子團直鏈所組成且具有由藉(1 — 6)糖苷鏈而與。比 喃型葡萄糖分子團連接之α -D-半乳糖分子團所組成之單 10醣類側鏈。該等冷-D-甘露糖分子團對α _D-半乳糖分子團 之比率範圍通常為自約1:1.4至約1:2且其數量平均分子量 典型上為約2χ 10。瓜耳樹膠係得自天然來源,但是亦可獲 得合成衍生物’其包括瓜耳乙酸酯、瓜耳酿酸酯、瓜耳乙 酸酞酸酯、氧化瓜耳樹膠,及羧甲基鈉瓜耳。瓜耳樹膠係 15 以各種粒度之品名GALACTASOL®得自Aqualon及以品名 MEYPRO® Guar及 MEYPRODOR得自 Danisco。 曱殼素有各種名稱,其包括去曱殼素鹽酸鹽、chitosani hydrochloridum、去乙醯基化幾丁質、去醯基幾丁質、聚_ β -(1,4)-2-胺基-2-去氧基-D-葡萄糖、2-胺基-2-去氧基 2〇 _(l,4)-;S-D-n比喃型葡萄糖、冷-1,4-聚-D-葡萄糖胺、聚 葡萄糖胺,及聚-(l,4-yg-D-»比喃型葡萄糖胺)。甲殼素為― 種由0-D·葡萄糖胺及N-乙醯基-/5-D-葡萄糖胺之共聚物所 組成的難溶於水之多醣類,其中該等共聚物係藉幾丁質之 去乙醯化反應及去聚合化反應而製成。該去乙醯基化反應 22 1330080 及去t合反應之程度根據製造者而不同,該去乙酿化反應 私度典型上為約80%或更南而數量平均分子量典型上為約 ΙχΙΟ4至約 lxl〇6。 角豆膠為天然產生之多醣類,其亦稱為角豆笑膠、角 5豆莢粉 '刺槐膠、柴郡(Cheshire)膠、角豆樹膠,及聖約翰 麵包(St. John’s bread)。角豆膠為半乳甘露聚糖。其係由藉 (1 — 4)糖苷鍵而連接之点_D·甘露糖分子團的主鏈所組成且 包括由藉(1 — 6)糖苷鍵而與每隔第4或第5個D-甘露吼喃糖 連接之早一召-D-半乳糖所組成的側鍵。角豆膠之分子量 10 (Mw)範圍可自約5χΐ〇4至約3xl06且以各種粒度之品名 GRINDSTED® LBG及MEYPRO® LBG得自 Danisco。 角叉菜’其亦稱為角叉藻屬萃取物及愛爾蘭苔,係為 主要由D-半乳糖之硫酸釺、硫酸鈉、硫酸妈、硫酸鎂或硫 酸銨酯及3,6-無水-D-半乳糖共聚合物所組成之親水膠多 15 醣。該吡喃糖係藉交替α(1->3)及;5 (1—4)糖苷鍵而連接。 有至少3種角又菜,其稱為λ-角叉菜、角叉菜,及/c-角又菜,這3種角又菜之差異為硫酸酯及3,6-無水吡喃型半 乳糖分子團的含量。;I -角叉菜為非膠化聚化合,其含有約 35重量%硫酸酯基團且不含3,6_無水半乳糖分子團;£角又 20 菜為膠化聚合物,其含有32重量%硫酸酯基團及約30% 3,6-無水半乳糖分子團;而/c-角叉菜為相當強的(邡即非彈性、 脆性或堅硬)膠化聚合物,其含有約25重量%硫酸酯分子團 及約34% 3,6-無水半乳糖分子團。角又菜係根據與水混合之 膠化類型、水性溶度,及黏度而以許多等級獲得’且可以 23 1330080 以品名 GELCARIN®、VISCARIN®及SEASPEN®得自 FMC Corporation ° 其它有用的多醣類包括纖維質衍生物,其在至少1至8 之pH範圍内的一部份下具有水性溶度。因此有用的聚合物 5 包括可游離及非可游離纖維質聚合物,其包括具有醚或酯 或趟及酯取代基及彼等之共聚物的聚合物,其包括所謂 “腸”及“非腸”聚合物。 離子性纖維質聚合物之實例包括羧甲基纖維素(CMC) 及其鈉或鈣鹽;羧乙基纖維素(CEC);羧甲基乙基纖維素 10 (CMEC);乙酸酞酸羥乙基甲基纖維素;乙酸琥珀酸羥乙基 甲基纖維素;酞酸羥基丙基甲基纖維素(HPMCP);琥拍酸 羥丙基甲基纖維素;乙酸酞酸羥丙基纖維素(HPCAP);乙 酸琥珀酸羥丙基纖維素(HPCAS);乙酸酞酸羥丙基甲基纖 維素(HPMCAP);乙酸琥珀酸羥丙基甲基纖維素 15 (HPMCAS);乙酸苯三曱酸羥丙基甲基纖維素(HPMCAT); 丁酸酞酸羥丙基纖維素;羧甲基乙基纖維素及其鈉鹽;乙 酸酞酸纖維素(CAP);乙酸酞酸甲基纖維素;乙酸苯三甲酸 纖維素(CAT);乙酸對苯二甲酸纖維素;乙酸異酞酸纖維 素;丙酸酞酸纖維素;丙酸苯三甲酸纖維素;丁酸苯三甲 2〇 酸纖維素;及彼等之混合物。該等離子性纖維素聚合物可 得自許多商業供應者。例如CMC鈉可以根據粒度及該等無 水葡萄糖單位之羧甲基取代度(例如約〇.7至約1.2)以各種等 級的品名 AQUALON®及BLONASE®得自 Hercules。 非離子纖維質之實例包括甲基纖維素(MC);乙基纖維 (5 > 24 1330080 素(EC);經乙基纖維素(HEC);經丙基纖維素(hpc);經丙 基曱基纖維素(HPMC);乙酸羥丙基甲基纖維素;經乙基甲 基纖維素;乙酸經乙基纖維素;經乙基乙基纖維素;及彼 等之混合物。該等非離子纖維質可得自各種商業來源。例 5 如 MC可以以品名 METHOCEL® A得自 the Dow Chemical Company ’其以重量計每一無水葡萄糖單位具有約27.5%至 約31 _5%曱氧基;HPC可以以具有分子量範圍自約8X1 〇4至 約 1.2xl06 (Mw)之各種等級(例如 EF、EXF、LF、JF、GF、 MF、HF,及 HXF)的品名 KLUCEL®得自 Hercules ; HEC 可 10 以以具有分子量範圍自約9xl04至約1·3χ1〇6 (Mv)之各種等 級(例如 L、G、Μ、Η、Η,及ΗΗΧ)的品名 NATROSOL® 250 得自Hercules; HPMC可以以根據水性黏度之各種等級(例如 MP843、MP814、MP824、MP844,及 MP874)的品名 BENECEL付自Hercules及以重莖計每一無水葡萄糖單位 15 分別具有約18%至約29%甲氧基及約5%至約27%2-羥丙氧 基之各種等級(例如E、F、J、K及310)的品名METHOCER® 得自 the Dow Chemical Company。 該藥學組成物可選擇性包括一或多種潤滑劑,其有助 於各種加工步驟,其包括組份混合及壓片。當存在時,以 2〇 重量計,該藥學組成物典型上包含自約0.5%至約2%之該等 潤滑劑。代表性潤滑劑包括滑石、硬脂酸及其金屬鹽,其 包括硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鎂,及硬脂酸鋅;硬脂酸酯,其包 括聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯、單硬脂酸甘油酯、棕櫚硬脂酸甘油 酯等;山荼酸甘油酯(例如COMPRITOL®,其係得自 25 1330080
Gattefosse Inc.)、月桂基硫酸鈉、氫化蔬菜油、礦物油、、各 沙姆(poloxamer)(其係為環氧乙烷及環氧丙烷之共聚物)、聚 乙二醇、氯化鈉,及彼等之混合物。 該藥學組成物可包括其它輔藥’諸如稀釋劑或填料, 5其含量為該組成物重量之自約〇%至約30%。於组份混人及 壓片期間’稀釋劑可改良該藥學組成物之流動特性且可增 強錠劑之物理性質,可提供,例如增加的壓縮強度或硬度、 減少的易碎性等。代表性稀釋劑包括單醣類、雙醣類、多 羥基醇,及彼等之混合物,諸如右旋糖,乳糖單水合物、 10經喷霧乾燥之乳糖單水合物、無水乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、 經喷霧乾燥之甘露醇、木糖醇,及山梨糖醇。其它有用的 稀釋劑可包括微晶狀纖維素、溉粉、預膠化澱粉、二水合 磷酸鈣、無水磷酸二鈣,及彼等之混合物。 為了製備該藥物,典型上使用,例如V-錐形混合機使 15該藥學組成物之組份進行乾混。接著在壓機内壓實所形成 混合物以產生個別(單位)劑量(錠劑)。為改良產物均質性, 可分階段合併並混合該等組份。例如,可藉流體床或擠出 粒化法而使該AI>I經一或多種該等組份粒化,然後與其餘組 份混合。類似地,該API可以首先與一或多種基質形成劑乾 20混,而其它輔藥,諸如膨脹劑、膠化劑、稀釋劑、潤滑劑 等,可接著以一或多種混合操作法混合。若必要,在混合 前’一或多種該等組份可藉篩選或磨碎或兩者而控制尺 寸。為了製備該最終藥物,該業經壓縮之劑型可進行進一 步加工,諸如拋光、塗膜等。就乾混、濕式及乾式粒化、 26 1330080 研磨、篩選、壓片、塗膜等之討論以及製備藥物之另外技 術的 §兒明而言’見 A. R. Gennaro (ed.), Remington: The
Science and Practice of Pharmacy (第 20版,2000年);H. A. Lieberman等人(ed_), Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tbablets, 5 Vo1· U (第 2版,1990年);及 D· K_ Parikh & C. K. Parikh, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, Vol. 81 (1997)。 該藥學組成物被完全攝取並當接觸患者胃内之胃液 (水)時開始膨脹或擴大。該劑型可具有任何形狀。且包括可 ^ 藉一對圓形或擴圓形凸或平面表面(其係由連續、實質上平 側表面而連接)而界定之圓形或橢圓形錢劑;具有圓角及邊 緣且可藉實質上平側表面連接之一對凸或平面多邊表面 (例如三角形、四邊形、五邊形、六邊形等)而界定之多邊形 (例如三角形 '四邊形、五邊形 '六邊形等)錠劑;及具有半 15球形或半橢球體狀末端且具有圓形或橢圓形橫斷面之柱形 锋劑。 可藉尺寸排斥法、藉進餐服藥、藉臨睡前服藥或藉這 些方法之部份組合而使該Q D劑型滞留在胃部内。就僅藉尺 寸排斥法滯留而言,該劑型可膨脹至能防止其經由幽門離 〇開胃之尺寸。由於成人之幽門的平均直徑為約13毫米,所 以膨脹後該劑型之尺寸範圍可自約13亳米至約20毫米或更 長、自約15宅米至約20宅米或更長或自約17毫米至約2〇毫 米或更長。文中,該劑型之“尺寸,,相當於具有最小面積之 創型之橫斷面的最大線性尺寸。例如圓形錠劑之尺寸相當 27 於其直衡,而柱形錠劑之尺寸相當於其圓形橫斷面之直徑 或其橢圓形橫斷面之長軸。 為達成QD服藥,使該劑型滯留在胃部數小時(例如 tR23、4、5或6小時)且以長時間(例如t9〇>10、11、12、13、 5 14、15、16、17、18、19或20小時)釋放前伽巴素。該劑型 在患者胃内之滯留時間範圍典型上自約3小時至約11小時 、自約6小時至約14小時(6<tR<14)或自約8小時至 約14小時(8StRSl4),且其可釋放前伽巴素,費時範圍自約 12小時至約16小時(1229616)、自約12小時至約18小時 10 (12公9。<18)、自約12小時至約20小時(1299。<2〇)、自約14 小時至約20小時(14^4(^20)或自約16小時至約20小時 (16<t9〇<2〇)。如在以下實例中之PK摸擬中所述,以比該劑 型滯留在胃内之時間長約4小時至約6小時的時間釋放前伽 巴素之QD劑型似乎可以使患者間之變化性減至最大。 15 由於飲食可遲緩胃排空,而睡眠可降低GI能動性,所 以可以在進餐後或臨睡前(例如在睡眠之約一小時内)每日 一次投予該劑塑。為利用這兩種作用及進一步延長釋藥, 可以在臨睡前之最後一餐後(例如晚餐後)攝取該q D劑型。 就與進餐時攝取或臨睡前攝取或進餐時並在臨睡前攝取之 20 QD劑型而言,幾乎不需要尺寸排斥法,該劑型即可滯留在 胃内。在此等情況下,例如膨脹後該劑型之尺寸可以是約9 毫米或更大。 於任何24小時期間内,該QD劑型可獲得穩態^,其 係約等於或小於每日2-或3次攝取之API的對應立即釋放配 28 1330080 方之穩態Cmax 〇同樣,該QD配方可理想地獲得穩態Cmin ’ 其係約等於或大於每日2-或3次攝取之IR配方的穩態Cmin。 每曰攝取兩次之含3〇〇毫克前伽巴素的IR配方具有約8.9微 克/毫升之平均穩態Cmax及約2.8微克/毫升之平均穩態 5 Cmin,而每曰攝取兩次之含150毫克前伽巴素的IR配方具有 約4.4微克/毫升之平均穩態Cmax及約1.4微克/毫升之平 均穩態C—。含前伽巴素之QD配方可理想地獲得約9微克/ 毫升或較低之平均穩態Cmax及約〇·7微克/毫升或更高之平 均穩態Cmin。 10 實例 以下實例計劃用於闡明用且具非限制性。除非另有指 定,以下程序係用以測定以時間為變數之該藥物產物的釋 藥(水性溶解)、膨脹性、剛性,及安定性。 藥物產物溶解性 15 使用分別以50 rpm或5 dpm操作之USP Apparatus 2 (授 拌片)或Apparatus 3 (往復式滾筒),於37°C下測定自浸在水 性溶解介質(〇.〇6N HC1或0.5M乙酸鹽緩衝劑)内之藥物產物 試樣所釋放的ΑΠ數量。典型上於1、2、4、6、9、12、16, 及24小時取出該溶解介質之試樣(1毫升)並於下述條件: 20柱:z〇rbax SB-CN ’ 150毫米x4.6毫米,5微米粒度;柱溫: 23 C ;檢測器波長:210奈米;流率1毫升/分鐘;射出體 積:25微升;流動相組成物:〇.〇5M磺酸/己烷及2毫升 EtsN ; pH經正磷酸:CAN (880:130)調整至3.1 ;操作時間: 8分鐘,下使用HPLC進行分析。 29 1330080 藥物產物膨脹性 使用USP ApparatUS 2 (攪拌片)測定浸在0.06N HC1水 性溶解介質内後,以時間為變數之該藥物產物尺寸的增 加。定期自該溶解介質取出該藥物產物之試樣並使用測# 5 器測定彼等之直徑。 藥物產物剛性 將該藥物產物之試樣放在含有〇 〇6N HC1水性溶解介 質之USP Apparatus 2 (攪拌片)内。定期取出該藥物產物之 減樣並在以下設定:5公斤測力器;ΤΑ·8 i/4”球探針;〇 5 1〇克觸發力;0·2毫米/秒測試速度;10點/秒取得速率;1〇 毫米距離,下使用質地分析器(ΤΑ 132)測定彼等之剛性。 藥物產物安定性 藉將該藥物產物之試樣放在開著的HDPE瓶或感應密 封式HDPE瓶内’並貯存於40。(:及75%相對濕度下。每隔不 15同時間,例如就初篩選而言,每隔2週,且就後續測試而言, 每隔3週、6週或3個月’取出該藥物產物之試樣並使用hplc 分析前伽巴素含量(%,w/w)及内酿胺含量(%,内醢胺之重 前伽巴素之初重)。 實例1至11 2〇 表2及3係表示含前伽巴素及各種輔藥之實驗室級組成 物之群組(25克);表4及5係表示以時間為變數之釋藥。就各 該配方而言,除了硬脂酸鎂外,係在TURBULA®混合機内 捧合所有錠劑組份’費時約15分鐘而製成藥物產物。使硬 脂酸鎂通過#20標準篩,並使用刮勺使其與TURBULA®混合 30 1330080 機之内容物合併。接料於TURBULA®^_^合所形 成粗摻合物,費時4分鐘以獲得最終摻合物。使用3〇〇〇磅(實 例1至5)或2000磅(實例6至n)壓縮力及〇1分鐘停壓時間, 在CARVER壓機内壓實各該最終摻合物以得到平均硬度 5值為約301^及標稱錠劑重量分別為1克及1.125克之錠劑。 就部份該等配方(實例1至5)而言,前伽巴素係藉高剪力粒化 而經COMPRITOL® 888塗覆,然後與其它輔藥摻合。 實例12至14 表6係表示含有前伽巴素及輔藥之實驗室級組成物之 10 群組(1 〇〇克)’而表7係表示以時間為變數之釋藥。就各該組 成物而言’係首先在擠製機-造粒機内合併前伽巴素及 COMPRITOL® 888而製成藥物產物。除了硬脂酸鎮外,在 1-品脫V形摻合機内使其餘錠劑組份與所形成前伽巴素顆 粒摻合約15分鐘。使硬脂酸鎂通過#20標準篩並使用刮勺使 15 其與該V形摻合機之内容物合併。接著再於V形摻混合機内 使所形成粗搀合物混合4分鐘以獲得最終混合物。使用模擬 KORSCH® XL 400壓機(亦即PRESSTER®壓實模擬器)利用 約21kN之平均壓縮力及12毫秒之平均停壓時間以壓縮各該 最終混合物。該等錠劑顯示約20kp之平均硬度及約1克之標 20 稱旋劑重量。 實例15至23 表8係表示含有前伽巴素及辅藥之實驗室級組成物之 群組;表9係表示以時間為變數之内醯胺形成。使用類似上 文實例12至14中所述之方法製成各該配方。 31 實例24至3〇 表W係表示含前伽巴素及輔藥之實驗室級組成物的群 組,表11係表示以時間為變數之釋藥;表12及13係表示浸 在水性溶液内後,錠劑膨脹性及錠劑剛性之變化;而表14 係表示以時間為變數之内醯胺形成。使用類似實例12至I4 中所述之方法製成部份該等組成物(實例25至29)之藥物產 物。 除了硬脂酸鎂外,在16-夸脫V形摻合機内藉摻合所有 該等錠劑組份而製成用於實例24之藥物產物。使硬脂酸鎂 10通過#3〇標準篩並使用刮勺使其與該V形摻合機之内容物合 併。接著再於V形摻合機内混合所形成粗摻合物,費時5分 鐘以獲得最終摻合物。在MANESTY® Betapress内使用鑽石 形(四邊形)沖模(0.6299,’χ〇.748”,0.700”杯深,0.0040”溢料 面)及三角形沖模(0.6665,,x〇.69〇6” ’ 0.0600”杯深,〇 〇〇4〇,, 15 溢料面)壓縮該最終摻合物。就鑽石形壓型操作而言,於約 2.1kN之預壓縮力設定及約36kN之低主壓縮設定下,可獲得 10個錠劑之平均錠劑硬度為8.6kp。就三角形壓型操作而 言,於約2.2kN之預壓縮力設定及約39.8kN之低主壓縮設定 下,可獲得10個錠劑之平均錠劑硬度為9.0kp。就該等鑽石 20 形錠劑及三角形錠劑而言,藉易碎性測試而導致之重量損 失分別為0.3%及0.2%。 使用該MANESTY® Betapress製成之錠劑(實例24)所呈 現之錠劑硬度實質上低於前述實例中所製成之錠劑。因 此,將該組成物之硬脂酸錤含量自1%減至0.5%以改良徒劑 32 1330080 硬度(實例30)。除了該批尺寸自4公斤減至2公斤及硬脂鎂添 加後該摻合時間減至4分鐘不同外,以類似實例24之方法製 成藥物產物。在MANESTY® Betapress上使用該三角形壓型 操作壓縮該最終摻合物。於2.8 kN之預壓縮力設定及41.5 5 kN之低主壓縮力設定下,該等錠劑具有15.2 kp之平均(n=l〇) 硬度及在易脆性測試中呈現〇%失重。當該預壓縮力設定及 低主壓縮力設定分別改變成3.1 kN及33.2 kN時,該等錠劑 具有12.1 kp之平均(η=ι〇)硬度及在易脆性測試中呈現 0.07%失重。 10 實例31 表15係表示含6〇〇毫克前伽巴素之qd藥學組成物的模 擬穩態最低(cmin)及最高(Cmax)血漿中之前伽巴素濃度。該 等組成物係滞留在胃内,費時tR=3、5、8或1〇小時,且具 有總溶解時間t100=6、8、1〇、12或16小時。為了比較用,
15表15亦表示每日服用兩次之含3〇〇毫克前伽巴素的IR藥學 組成物之穩態PK參數。 該等PK模㈣輯具有表时的提供之歸_化溶解特 [生之°此外’表15中所示之叹模擬係假定⑴就各 权擬而。,該藥學組成物可以以特定時間⑹滯留在胃内; 20 (2)總有效吸收時間(時,咖小時—小腸之平均吸收時 間帶及在胃内結腸的上升部份之時間—加上tR;(3)在小腸 之下部份之吸收率與該上部類似;及⑷與食物—起臨睡 時’或與食物1並於臨睡時服用卿學組成物之效用對 該吸收率並無影響。食物業經證明可延遲IR配方之w,但 33 1330080 是似乎並不會影響藥物吸收之程度。然而,睡眠很可能降 低藥物吸收速率,因此該等模擬可能低估tmax之延遲。
如上述’表15中之結果係根據與6小時之IR配方有關之 平均吸收時間帶—接受該QD劑量之各患者的ρκ特性可不 ' 5同。的確,就含600毫克前伽巴素及具有t|⑻為12小時及tR
, 為5小時且其中tR自3.4小時至7.7小時不等之QD劑型的PK 模擬表示t1Q()(或〜)比tR長約4至6小時可減少患者間之變化 性。 • 實例32 10 進行單一劑量藥物動力學研究以評估實例30之QD配 方的性能》根據美國食品暨藥物管理局(the us F〇〇d and Drug Administration)所確定之指導原則以⑴禁食狀態、(2) 在高脂肪曱餐後(早晨治療),及(3)在高脂肪晚餐後(晚上治 療)後提供該 QD劑型。見U.S. Department 〇f Health and 15 Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for _ Drug Evaluation and Research, Guidance for Industry,
Food-Effect Bioavailability and Fed Bioequivalence Studies (December 2002)。文中,“高脂肪”意指該膳食之總熱卡含 量的50%係衍生自脂肪。這3種治療法之藥物動力學結果好 20比是含前伽巴素、乳糖單水合物、玉米澱粉,及滑石之立 即釋放配方(膠囊)的相同劑量(300毫克)的獲得之結果。
根據前伽巴素Cmaj^tmax值,相對於該IR膠囊,就所有3 種QD配方治療法而s,最兩暴露量較低且較慢發生,其表 示得自該QD配方之吸收速率較慢。就禁食療法而言,該QD 34 1330080 配方之平均tmax為約4小時,比該iR膠囊之平均、狀j 5小時 慢超過2倍。投予高脂肪膳食後,該QD配方之増至約1〇 小時(就早上療法而言9.7小時,就晚上療法而言7小時)。 根據在血漿濃度·自時間零至時間無限之時間曲線下的平 5均面積,該禁食之QD配方的總前伽巴素暴露量低於該IR膠 、 冑之總伽巴素暴露量的―半。^而,當在高脂肪腊食後投 予該QDg&方時,早晨及晚上療狀總前伽巴錄露量與得 φ 自紐朦囊之總前伽巴素暴露量類似。在高脂肪腊食後投 予该QD配方時所獲得之總暴露量與該IR配方之生體可用 1〇率等量錢每日-次服藥而言,應該可獲得可接受之特性。 值得注意的是,當用於本專利說明書及附加申請專利 範圍時,除非本文另有明確表示,單數冠詞,諸如“一,,及 “該”可指—物件或許多物件。因此,例如有關於含“一化合 物之组成物可包括單一化合物或2或多種化合物。 15 應瞭解的是上述說明文係計劃用於闡明而非用於限 • Μ。熟悉本項技藝者經由閱讀上述說明文可瞭解許多實施 ㈣。因此應該可參相加巾料利制及此”請專利範 圍所主張之同等物的完全範圍而決定本發明之範圍。所有 物件及參考資料,其包括專利、專利申請案及公開案,之 〇揭不内合的全文實際上在此併入本案以為參考資料。 35 1330080 表2.含前伽巴素(%w/w)之藥學組成物一實例1至5
組份 1 2 3 4 5 前伽巴素 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 KOLLIDON® SR 31.7 31.7 31.7 41.7 41.7 PLASDONE® XL 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 GELCARIN® GP812 15.0 5.0 GELCARIN® GP911 15.0 VISCARIN® GP109 15.0 5.0 COMPRITOL® 888 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 硬脂酸鎂 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 總共 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 表3.含前伽巴素(%w/w)之藥學組成物一實例6至11
組份 6 7 8 9 10 11 前伽巴素 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 KOLLIDON® SR 40.0 40.0 30.0 30.0 37.3 30.0 PLASDONE® XL 20.0 25.0 20.0 25.0 25.0 28.0 POLYOX® WSR凝聚劑 12.3 7.3 22.3 17.3 10.0 14.3 硬脂酸鎂 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 總共 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 36 1330080 表4.以時間(小時)為變數之釋藥(%w/w)—實例1至5 時間 1 2 3 4 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 16.7 15.0 10.8 51.6 39.0 ^ 2.0 35.5 31.4 26.1 84.0 63.5 4.0 48.4 43.2 39.1 96.8 76.6 6.0 56.8 52.1 48.9 101.0 85.0 9.0 66.9 63.2 60.5 101.4 92.8 12.0 75.7 72.9 69.6 101.4 98.0 使用含有0.06N水性HC丨之USP 3裝置於37°C下進行測定。 實例1-3之各_雜為2種試樣之平均值;實例4及5之懸數據為單__試樣之值^ 表5.以時間(小時)為變數之前伽巴素釋放(%w/w)—實例6至11 時間 6 7 8 9 10 11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 17.4 31.1 13.2 15.8 16.4 20.6 1.0 25.7 43.7 27.2 32.6 35.6 43.1 - 2.0 36.0 58.1 P 4.0 50.5 74.8 40.9 47.4 50.9 59.5 6.0 52.6 59.4 62.6 70.3 8.0 70.1 92.3 9.0 66.9 73.6 76.0 82.0 12.0 83.0 101.4 78.7 84.5 85.5 90.3 16.0 91.8 107.2 20.0 98.5 109.2 24.0 103.4 109.2 使用含有0.05M水性乙酸鹽缓衝劑(pH 4.5)於37°C下進行測定。 實例8-11之各釋放數據為2種試樣之平均值;實例6及7之釋放數據為單一試樣之值》 37 1330080 表6.含前伽巴素(%w/w)之藥學組成物一實例12至14
組份 12 13 14 前伽巴素 30.0 30.0 30.0 KOLLIDON® SR 51.7 49.7 46.7 PLASDONE® XL 10.0 12.0 15.0 COMPRITOL® 888 7.8 7.8 7.8 硬脂酸鎂 0.5 0.5 0.5 總共 100.0 100.0 100.0 表7.以時間(小時)為變數之前伽巴素釋放(%w/w)—實例12至14 時間 12 13 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 42.2 34.7 47.0 2.0 67.5 58.2 88.9 4.0 82.8 75.1 105.2 6.0 91.5 86.2 111.9 9.0 98.8 96.1 112.9 12.0 101.8 102.2 112.9
使用含有0.06N水性HC1之USP 3裝置於37°C下進行測定。 實例12-14之各該釋放數據為2種試樣之平均值。 38 1330080 表8.含前伽巴素(%w/w)之藥學組成物一實例15至23 組份 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 前伽巴素 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 KOLLIDON® SR 22.0 34.5 42.0 27.0 39.5 50.0 61.5 45.0 29.5 PLASDONE®XL 20.0 17.5 10.0 20.0 15.0 12.0 8.0 12.0 15.0 POLYOX®WSR 凝聚劑 20.0 17.5 CARBOPOL® 71G 5.0 VISCARIN®GP109 15.0 15.0 NATROSOL® 250 17.5 17.5 COMPRITOL® 888 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 硬脂酸鎂 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 總共 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
表9.内醯胺形成(1%,内醯胺重量/前伽巴素之初重) 實例 初重 2週 15 0.005 0.008 16 0.006 0.007 17 0.011 0.012 18 0.009 0.011 19 0.015 0.033 20 0.099 0.010 21 0.016 0.011 22 0.012 0.018 23 0.010 0.014 除了實例19(其係貯存在閉合之瓶内)外,所以試樣係於4〇°C下貯存在開著的瓶内。
39 1330080 表10.含前伽巴素(%w/w)之藥學組成物一實例24至30
組份 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 前伽巴素 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 KOLLIDON® SR 22.3 22.3 19.3 9.3 25.3 22.8 PLASDONE®XL 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 23.5 25.0 POLYOX® WSR N60K NF 20.0 20.0 POLYOX®WSR 凝聚劑 10.0 10.0 10.0 23.5 POLYOX®WSR303 51.7 CARBOPOL®71G 5.0 5.0 HEC250HHX 15.0 18.0 18.0 METHOCEL®K15M 14.5 METHOCEL® E5 6.1 甘露醇 10.0 硬脂祕 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 總共 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 表11.以時間(小時)為變數之前伽巴素釋放(%w/w)—實例24至30
時間 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 18.6 22.1 21.3 22.5 18.1 9.3 18.4 2 29.5 31.7 31.0 32.8 27.3 16.8 28.6 4 43.9 45.7 45.0 47.3 41.9 29.2 44.0 6 55.6 55.1 55.5 59.7 54.2 39.4 55.8 8 64.5 52.2 9 70.7 69.3 68.6 73.9 69.1 10 73.2 56.9 12 82.3 78.0 78.4 84.5 80.8 64.5 79.6 16 92.8 88.2 88.6 94.7 90.2 20 102.7 96.2 24 106.8 99.3 99.0 103.6 100.4 使用含有0.06N水性HC1之USP 2裝置於37°c下進行測定。 40 1330080 表12·以時間(小時)為變數之錠劑大小(以毫米表示之L、Η、W) 及體積(以毫米3表示之V)—實例24&30 時間 L 24 W Η V L 30 W Η V 0 19.19 10.93 7.80 1637.23 17.10 17.70 6.71 1014.86 2 21.06 12.06 11.42 2901.99 19.80 20.14 10.42 2077.80 4 22.59 13.54 12.55 3837.94 20.78 20.92 10.66 2318.58 6 22.80 13.18 12.97 3896.89 21.43 21.34 11.59 2648.90 9 23.93 13.93 13.84 4616.32 17.10 17.70 6.71 1014.86
表13.以時間(小時)為變數之剛性(克·毫米)一實例2 4 & 3 0 時間 24 30 0 2 4446.84 4 3004.47 1902.92 6 1759.25 1131.43 9 1129.57
表14.以時間為變數之前伽巴素(%w/w)及對應内醯胺含量(以前 伽巴素之重量計之%)—實例25至30 時間 25 30 初 0.00 0.01 3週 0.03 0.02 6週 0.01 0.03 3個月 0.06 0.09 41 1330080
表15.含前伽巴素之IR及QD劑型的模擬穩態PK參數 tR tioo Cmax Cmin1 tMAX2 小時 小時 微克/毫升 微克/毫升 小時 IR劑型3 - - 8.85 2.80 0.75 QD劑型4 3 6 9.73 1.48 6.0 3 8 8.76 1.62 8.0 3 10 7.67 1.57 9.0 3 12 6.77 1.38 9.0 3 16 5.81 1.18 9.0 5 6 9.73 1.48 6.0 5 8 8.76 1.62 8.0 5 10 7.89 1.79 10.0 5 12 6.93 1.75 8.0 5 16 5.92 1.44 8.4 8 6 9.73 1.48 6.0 8 8 8.76 1.62 8.0 8 10 7.89 1.79 10.0 8 12 7.12 1.98 12.0 8 16 6.14 1.97 8.4 10 6 9.73 1.48 6.0 10 8 8.76 1.62 8.0 10 10 7.89 1.79 10.0 10 12 7.12 1.98 12.0 10 16 6.34 2.45 8.4 1 就在下一劑量投予前出現(亦即分別於BID及QD劑型投予後隔12及24小時)。 2 最近一次劑量投予後之時間。 3 每曰服藥兩次之含300毫克前伽巴素的IR配方。 4 含600毫克前伽巴素之QD配方。 42 1330080 表16.以時間(歸一化)為變數之自劑型釋放之前伽巴素數量 時間/ti〇〇 經溶解i%w/w 0.0 0 0.0658 21 0.132 32 0.263 47 0.526 68 0.789 85 1.0 100
t圖式簡單說明3 (無) 【主要元件符號說明】 (無)
43 I; £
Claims (1)
- 95140374號專利申請案申請專利範圍修正本 99.02.26.一 >,、τ'也观切,丹包含活性藥學成份及賦形劑,該活 性藥學成份包含前伽巴素或其藥學上可接受複合物、 鹽、溶劑化物或水合物’而該等賦形劑包含基質形成劑 及膨脹劑’該基質形成劑包含聚乙酸乙烯酯及聚乙烯。比 11 各咬酮,而該膨脹劑包含交聯聚乙烯吡咯啶酮,其中該 藥學組成物適於每曰一次口服。 2. 如申請專利範圍第丨項之藥學組成物,其中該藥學組成 物當接觸水時可膨脹至約9毫米或更大的尺寸。 3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之藥學組成物’其中該活性藥學 成份之釋放時間在約12小時至約2〇小時内。 4·如申請專利範圍第1項之藥學組成物,其中該活性藥學 成份具有約9微克/毫升或較低之活體内穩態Cmax。 5. 如申請專利範圍中第1項之藥學組成物,其中該活性藥 學成份具有約0.7微克/毫升或較高之活體内穩態(:1^。 6. 如申請專利範圍中第1項之藥學組成物,其中該活性藥 學成份具有約9微克/毫升或較低之活體内穩態Cmax及 約0.7微克/毫升或較高之活體内穩態Cmin。 7. 如申請專利範圍第1至6項任—項之藥學組成物,其中該 膨脹劑進一步包含聚氧化乙稀。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1至6項任一項之藥學組成物,其中該 藥學組成物係與含前伽巴素、乳糖單水合物、玉米澱 粉’及滑石之立即釋放配方生物等量。 9·如申請專利範圍第1至6項任—項之藥學組成物,其係用 1330080 以治療對前伽巴素具有反應性之患者的疾病或病症。 10. 如申請專利範圍第9項之藥學組成物,其中該疾病或病 症係選自癲癇、疼痛、糖尿病性末梢神經病變、疱疹後 的神經痛,與精神運動性刺激物有關之生理病症、炎 ' 5 症、胃腸損傷、酒精中毒、失眠症、纖維肌痛、焦慮、 2 抑營、躁症,及兩極性病症。 11. 一種如申請專利範圍第1至8項任一項之藥學組成物於 製造一藥劑之用途,該藥劑係用於治療對前伽巴素具反 I 應性之患者的疾病或病症,其中該藥劑係將被每日一次 10 口服投藥。 12. 如申請專利範圍第11項之用途,其中該疾病或病症係選 自癲癇、疼痛、糖尿病性末梢神經病變、癌殄後的神經 痛,與精神運動性刺激物有關之生理病症、炎症、胃腸 損傷、酒精中毒、失眠症、纖維肌痛、焦慮、抑鬱、躁 15 症,及兩極性病症。 45
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