TWI303281B - - Google Patents
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- TWI303281B TWI303281B TW091135656A TW91135656A TWI303281B TW I303281 B TWI303281 B TW I303281B TW 091135656 A TW091135656 A TW 091135656A TW 91135656 A TW91135656 A TW 91135656A TW I303281 B TWI303281 B TW I303281B
- Authority
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- target
- component
- phase change
- sputtering target
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- Prior art date
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- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 62
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010036790 Productive cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011978 dissolution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002821 niobium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003802 sputum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000024794 sputum Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical group [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUKBNOFATXIMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc cerium(3+) oxygen(2-) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2].[O-2].[Ce+3] QUKBNOFATXIMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/26—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/241—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B7/242—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers
- G11B7/243—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers comprising inorganic materials only, e.g. ablative layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
- C23C14/3414—Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/241—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B7/242—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers
- G11B7/243—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers comprising inorganic materials only, e.g. ablative layers
- G11B7/2433—Metals or elements of Groups 13, 14, 15 or 16 of the Periodic Table, e.g. B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Bi, Se or Te
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/26—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers
- G11B7/266—Sputtering or spin-coating layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/241—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B7/242—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers
- G11B7/243—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers comprising inorganic materials only, e.g. ablative layers
- G11B2007/24302—Metals or metalloids
- G11B2007/24314—Metals or metalloids group 15 elements (e.g. Sb, Bi)
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/241—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B7/242—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers
- G11B7/243—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers comprising inorganic materials only, e.g. ablative layers
- G11B2007/24302—Metals or metalloids
- G11B2007/24316—Metals or metalloids group 16 elements (i.e. chalcogenides, Se, Te)
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/011—Manufacture or treatment of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/021—Formation of switching materials, e.g. deposition of layers
- H10N70/026—Formation of switching materials, e.g. deposition of layers by physical vapor deposition, e.g. sputtering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/20—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
- H10N70/231—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on solid-state phase change, e.g. between amorphous and crystalline phases, Ovshinsky effect
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/881—Switching materials
- H10N70/882—Compounds of sulfur, selenium or tellurium, e.g. chalcogenides
- H10N70/8828—Tellurides, e.g. GeSbTe
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Manufacturing Optical Record Carriers (AREA)
- Optical Record Carriers And Manufacture Thereof (AREA)
- Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
Description
1303281 玫、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於,儘量減少影響結晶速度之雜質元素並 減少靶成分相對於目標組成的偏差,進而抑制靶成分的組 成偏析,以提昇相變化型記憶體的重寫特性以及結晶速度 之相變化型記憶體用濺鎪靶,使用該濺鍍靶所形成之相變 化型記憶體用膜及該靶之製造方法。 【先前技術】 近年來,不需使用磁頭即可記憶-再生之高密度記憶 體光碟技術已開發出,且很快地受到矚目。該光碟分爲再 生專用型、寫入一次型與重寫型三種,又以在寫入一次型 或重寫型中所使用的相變化方式最受矚目。 相變化光碟,係以雷射光照射基板上的記憶體薄膜使 其加熱昇溫,使該記憶體薄膜的結構產生結晶學的相變化( 非晶質結晶)而進行資訊的記憶-再生,具體而言,檢測出 因該相間的光學常數變化所造成之反射率變化來進行資訊 的再生。 上述相變化以會聚成直徑1〜數//m左右之雷射光照射 來進行。此時,若1// m的雷射光束以10m/s的線速度通過 時,光照射在光碟中某個點之時間爲100ns,而在該時間內 進行上述相變化與反射率的檢測,故必須在該時間內實現 上述結晶學上的相變化,亦即非晶質與結晶間的相變化。 基於此,已使用的相變化光碟,係將Ge-Sb-Te系、In- 1303281
Sb-Te系等之記憶體薄膜層的兩側以硫化鋅-矽氧化物(ZnS • Si02)系之高熔點介電體的保護層夾住,再設置鋁合金反 射膜而形成四層結構,而銻(Sb)、碲(Te)或硒(Se)對上述光 記憶媒體而言,爲重要的組成元素° 再者,最近有提案出一非易失性相變化記憶體,係以 濺鍍法形成硫族元素薄膜,使其與電極接觸,電流流經該 電極使硫族元素產生相變化者’相當引人注目。使用該技 術之非易失性記憶體一般稱爲pRAM或〇UM(〇vonic Unified Memories) 〇 槪略地說明該OUM,當局部的硫族元素濺鍍薄膜加熱 至600°C以上,以1〜2ns急速冷卻形成非晶質相。此時的加 熱區域狹窄,有資料顯示對50X 200nm2大小的元件尺寸, 雖最中央可達到600°C,一旦距其l〇〇nm,溫度僅昇至100 。。。 在上述的急速冷卻並未結晶化,而藉由以20ns〜50ns間 、300〜400°C進行退火達到結晶化。結晶之硫族元素的電阻 低,而非晶質的電阻高。又,兩者在超過臨限電壓時其特 性均會反轉。 由於OUM利用上述之特性,因此具有非易失性、高密 度、低電壓、低消耗電力、1〇12次的重寫次數、非破壞性 讀取、易於與Si製程整合、可作成共用記憶體架構等許多 的優點。 相變化光碟及OUM均利用銻、碲、硒元素等的硫族元 素濺鍍薄膜,且必須充分地考慮材料的特性。 1303281 然而,一旦上述記憶媒體中摻入雜質,隨著記憶-淸除 時之液-固相間的反覆相變化,在記憶點與非記憶部分的界 面附近會產生濃縮,且在記憶點周圍會產生構成粗大結晶 粒的發生源之結晶成長核,其爲重寫次數減少的原因。 如上所述,上述相變化記憶媒體之記憶體薄膜層,一 般以濺鍍法形成。該濺鍍法的成膜原理在於,將正極與由 負極構成之靶對向放置,在惰性環境氣氛下,在基板與靶 之間施加高電壓以產生電場,此時電離的電子與惰性氣體 衝撞形成電漿,在該電漿中的陽離子衝撞到靶(負極)的表面 打出靶之構成原子,該飛出的原子附著在對向的基板表面 上形成膜。 當濺鍍中使用的靶本身雜質多、且在與目標組成的偏 差大的情形下,其對記憶體薄膜層產生很大的影響,造成 重寫次數減少的問題。 基於此,提出了幾個有關高純度、高密度靶的提案。 以往提案的製造方法,係採溶解法與粉末冶金法的組合來 製造。然而,因爲銻、碲、硒元素其蒸氣壓高,溶解時該 等元素會先蒸發,造成與目標組成的偏差,且在靶中亦有 組成的離析產生,故並不適合。記錄膜中的組成偏差,會 造成結晶化速度不平均,而對重寫特性造成不好的影響。 基於此,係忽略組成的偏差、或估計組成的偏差與組 成離析而事前調合。後者若運氣好有時雖可形成目標組成 ,但造成組成均一化的精度與成膜的再現性變差,有產品 不安定的問題。 1303281 再者,因爲縱容朝加熱爐的蒸發,每次的製程均有爐 內被污染的問題,且反覆溶解時,有來自氣體成分、前述 爐內與坩鍋材料所造成的污染,而產生難以保持高純度的 問題。 【發明內容】 本發明之課題,係爲了提供出相變化型記憶體用濺鍍 靶、用該濺鍍靶所形成之相變化型記憶體用膜及該靶之製 造方法,可儘量減少偏析濃縮於記憶點與非記憶部的界面 附近而構成重寫次數減少原因的雜質、特別是影響結晶速 度之雜質元素,同時減少靶組成相對於目標組成的偏差及 成分偏析,以提昇相變化型記憶體重寫的特性以及結晶速 度。 爲解決上述課題,本案發明人等深入進行硏究的結果 ,得到可正確且安定地製造的技術手段。 本發明基於此,提供出 1. 一種相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶以及使用該濺鍍靶所形 成之相變化型記憶體用膜,其特徵在於,係由3元系以上 的元素組成,以擇自銻、碲、砸元素中至少一成分作爲主 成分,且與目標組成的組成差異在±1.Oat%以下; 2. —種相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶以及使用該濺鍍靶所形 成之相變化型記憶體用膜,其特徵在於,係由3元系以上 的元素組成,以擇自銻、碲、硒元素中至少一成分作爲主 成分,且在由靶內任意部位採取兩個以上的各個樣本 1303281 (1 = ,2,3,4...)中,主成分以外之各成分元素的組成人丨(〜1%)之 平均値爲 A(wt%)時,I A-Ai I $〇·15, 3·如上述1之相變化型記憶體用丨賤鍍耙以及使用該濺鍍 靶所形成之相變化型記憶體用膜’其係由3元系以上的元 素組成,以擇自鍊、碲、硒元素中至少一成分作爲主成分 ,且在由祀內任意部位採取兩個以上的各個樣本(i=,2,3,4… )中,主成分以外之各成分元素的組成Ai(wt%)之平均値爲 A(wt%)時,| A-Ai I €〇·15 ; 4. 如上述1~3各別之相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶以及使用 該濺鍍靶所形成之相變化型記憶體用膜,其中,氣體成分 以外之純度在99.995wt%以上,且氣體成分之碳、氮、氧、 硫的總量在70〇PPm以下; 5. 如上述1〜4各別之相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶以及使用 該濺鍍靶所形成之相變化型記憶體用膜,其中,靶的平均 結晶粒徑在50// m以下,且相對密度在90%以上; 6. 如上述1〜5各別之相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶以及使用 該濺鍍靶所形成之相變化型記憶體用膜,其中,包含至少 一種選自過渡金屬、鎵、鍺、銦、錫作爲副成分者。 本發明更提供出 7·如上述1〜6各別之相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶之製造方 法,其特徵在於,係在真空或惰性環境氣氛的密閉系統中 溶解鑄造; 8.如上述7之相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶之製造方法,其 中,使用內部爲真空或惰性環境氣氛的石英容器’將該容 1303281 器密閉進行溶解鑄造; 9. 如上述8之相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶之製造方法,其 中,使用鹼成分在lOppm以下,〇H_在5ppm以下之高純度 石英; 10. 如上述7〜9各別之相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶之製造 方法,其中,溶解前的原料純度在99.999wt%以上; 11. 如上述7〜10各別之相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶之製造 方法,其中,在成分元素或生成化合物的熔點溫度以上溶 解鑄造。 【實施方式】 先前,用於光碟記憶層之靶材純度在3N〜4N左右即非 常適用,但近年來伴隨著高速記憶化、使用短波長雷射所 造成之點微小化,而需要機能更好的靶。 靶中的雜質,在記憶點與非記憶部分的界面附近會形 成偏析濃縮,而成爲重寫次數減少的原因。再者,若雜質 很多,當各組成元素由十分均勻分布的非晶質狀態變成結 晶狀態時,因爲雜質會阻礙原子的相互擴散而使擴散時間 變長,而造成結晶化速度變慢的問題。 如上所述,近來作爲利用結晶相變化之記錄用材料所 採用以銻、碲或硒爲主體的合金系靶,隨著增加重寫次數 、快速地記錄、以及以大容量爲目的之記錄部分微小化, 必須盡量減少其與靶的目標組成差異以及靶內的組成離析 且純度提高。 11 1303281 由雜質的觀點來看,擴散及移動度大的鹼金屬與鹼土 類金屬爲問題所在。又,由耐飩性來看,減少該等元素是 重要的,且對環境而言,其可維持強的耐蝕性。再者,當 u、Th等放射性元素雜質用於相變化型記憶體時,會成爲 錯誤動作的原因,故以降低其含量較佳。 又,相變化型記憶體之膜組成與目標組成的偏差會對 重寫特性及結晶化速度造成影響,尤其對結晶化速度的影 響很大。因此必須更加減少主成分與副成分的組成差異。 由於靶的組成差異直接與膜的組成差異有關,故控制靶的 組瑪非常地重要。 本發明係在銻、碲或硒中選至少一種成分作爲主要成 分,由3元系以上之元素組成相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶, 且其相對於目標組成的偏差在±1.Oat%以下。 再者,本發明之相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶,其在由靶 內任意部位採取兩個以上的各個樣本(丨=,2,3,4-)中,主成 分以外的各成分元素的組成Ai(wt%)之平均値爲A(wt%)時 ,| A-Ai | S 0·15。 本發明之相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶包含至少一種選自 過渡金屬、鎵、鍺、銦、錫作爲副成分者。 藉此,使用該靶所形成之相變化記憶體用膜可使靶之 組成差異與組成離析降低,進而提昇目標組成的精確度使 其再現性佳,且顯著地提昇重寫特性與結晶化速度。 靶的純度,在氣體成分以外爲99.995wt%以上,且氣體 成分之碳、氮、氧、硫的總量在700ppm以下。靶中含有的 12 1303281 氣體成分會對濺鍍時的粒子產生造成不好的影響,同時會 被拉入膜中,而影響重寫特性、結晶化溫度及結晶化速度 。本發明可解決該等問題。 再者,關於靶的組織,爲了進行均一地成膜,盡可能 地使之微小且緻密,而在本發明中平均結晶粒徑在50//m 以下,且相對密度在90%以上。 接著說明本發明之高純度濺鍍靶的製造方法。先前, 因爲銻、碲、硒非常脆,一經酸洗,酸會殘留其中,而在 之後的製程成爲氧等增加的原因,故未進行酸洗處理。 另一方面,雜質容易在銻、碲、硒的粒界離析,且已 知有鑄錠等由粒界裂開的現象。此即在裂開的部分有雜質 濃縮的現象。 由此可知,適度地將銻、碲、硒等原料粉碎,並將該 原料藉由過篩以調整粒度後,以酸來洗淨,藉此能有效地 除去前述濃縮的雜質。 接著,如上所述利用酸將雜質以酸洗淨去除後,溶解 該原料,鑄造得到高純度的銻、碲、硒鑄錠。 去除溶解時浮起的熔渣。在無熔渣時,此製程可省略 〇 過篩後的銻、碲、硒原料粒度以調整至〇.5mm〜10mm 較佳。若小於〇.5mm則難以洗淨,洗淨效率低。又,若大 於10mm則雜質會殘留在原料粉末中而造成無法充分洗淨 的問題。因此,藉由過篩而將銻、碲、硒的原料粒度調整 至0.5mm〜10mm。又以1mm〜5mm更理想。 13 1303281 用來洗淨的酸可使用鹽酸、硝酸、硫酸、氫氟酸中任 一種或兩種以上的混酸。尤其以鹽酸作爲洗淨用的酸更具 效果。酸的濃度在0.5N〜6N間。若低於0.5N則酸洗淨的時 間過長;又,若超過6N,則一部份的銻、碲、硒會溶解造 成損失,故酸的濃度以0.5N〜6N較佳。 再者,酸洗淨以10°C〜80°C的溫度進行。若低於10 °C 將無法有效地去除雜質;又,若超過80°C則液體易蒸發使 酸的損失變大,故較不理想。 使用純度2N〜3N(99wt%〜99.9wt%)級以上的鍊、碲、硒 作爲原料。根據上述本發明之操作,高純度化後的純度可 超過4N〜5N。 酸洗淨後,將銻、碲、硒之原料粉以純水洗淨,乾燥 後在氬氣等惰性環境氣氛中或真空中溶解鑄造得到高純度 的銻或碲鑄錠。 如上所述,以酸洗淨與溶解等簡易的方法可以低價製 造4N以上的銻、碲或硒。 將如此般製造的銻、碲或硒、以及在作爲副成分的過 渡金屬、鎵、鍺、銦、錫中選擇至少一種,以目標之既定 混合比例混合之後溶解。溶解前的原料純度以超過 99.999wt% 較佳。 溶解時,爲了避免來自坩鍋材料與爐內的污染而使用 高純度的石英(管等)。該石英管作成栓的形狀,以儘可能使 其獨立於坩鍋內者爲佳。因爲採利用石英管的密閉系統, 可顯著地減少組成的偏差。溶解時,一般以超過成分元素 1303281 或生成化合物的熔點溫度進行。 如上所述,藉由事先將原料高純度化進而將氧化物、 熔渣量降低,可減少與目標組成的偏差。產生的熔渣量少 ,若將之去除,影響也會變少。 又以使用鹼金屬成分低於lOppm、〇H_低於5ppm的高 純度石英較佳。藉此,可增加重寫的次數且可儘量減少影 響高速記錄化的因素。 接著,以球磨機等磨碎成粉末,再以一定的溫度熱壓 得到靶。 實施例與比較例 以下,說明實施例與比較例。又,本實施例僅爲一例 ’並不只限於此例中所提及的。亦即,本發明係以申請專 利範圍來規範,且包含在本發明之實施例以外的各種變形 (實施例1) 將高純度化、5N的塊狀鍺、銻與碲調合成分別爲 HU 22.2at% 、55.6at%,置入石英坩鍋中,抽真空同 時密封,並在Ar環境氣氛中以90(TC溶解。 溶解後的鑄錠利用球磨機在Ar環境氣氛中磨碎,磨碎 後的材料經過熱壓再成形作爲濺鍍靶。 $口表1所示,鹼金屬與鹼土類金屬等雜質的總和小於 lOppm ’成分元素以外的雜質金屬元素在15ppm以下、碳成 15 1303281 分在lOppm以下、氮成分在200ppm以下、氧成分在 lOOppm以下、硫成分在lOppm以下。觀察在祀內採取之塊 組織,其平均結晶粒徑爲30 // m。 分析由該靶不同的5點所取得的樣本。如表2所示, 與鍺、銻及碲之目標成分的組成差異(5點平均)分別爲-O.lat%、_ 0.2at%以及+0.3at%,不論何者,均符合本發明之 條件。
渾位爲ppm,僅U、Th爲ppb)
Cr Ti u Th Na K Fe Ni Cu Ca Mg C N 〇 S 實施例1 0.1 3 <0.1 <0.1 1 2 0.2 3 4 0.2 0.5 <10 200 100 <10 實施例2 0.1 2 <0.1 <0.1 1 2 0.1 2 2 0.1 0.2 10 300 300 10 比較例1 5 10 1 1 2 5 20 12 17 7 12 500 300 400 50 表2 (5點所採取的樣本平均値) 與目標組成的偏差 鍺 -O.lat% 銻 -0.2at% 碲 +0.3at% (實施例2) 1303281 將高純度化、5N的塊狀銀、銦、銻與碲等原料調合成 分別爲5at%、 5at% 、60at% 、30at%,置入石英坩鍋中 ,抽真空同時密封,並在Ar環境氣氛中以1100°C溶解。 溶解後的鑄錠利用氧化鋁的球磨機在Ar環境氣氛中磨 碎,磨碎後的材料經過熱壓再成形作爲濺鍍靶。 如表1所示,成分以外的金屬元素在lOppm以下、碳 成分爲lOppm以下、氮成分爲300ppm、氧成分在300ppm 以下、硫成分在lOppm以下。觀察在靶內採取之塊組織, 其平均結晶粒徑爲30 // m。 再者,分析由該靶不同的5點所得取的樣本。如表3 所示,與銀、銦、銻及碲之目標成分的組成差異(5點平均) 分別爲-O.lat%、+0.1at%、+0.3at%以及-0.3at%,不論何 者,均符合本發明之條件。 表3 (5點所採取的樣本平均値) 與目標組成的偏差 銀 -O.lat% 銦 +0.1 at% 銻 +0.3at% 碲 -0.3at% (比較例1) 將高純度化、5N的塊狀鍺、銻與碲,調合成分別爲 22.2at%、22.2at% 、55.6at%,置入石墨坩鍋中,在Ar環境 17 1303281 氣氛中以800°C溶解。 溶解後確認爐壁上銻、碲系列的蒸鍍物。溶解後的鑄 錠利用氧化鋁的球磨機在Ar環境氣氛中磨碎,磨碎後的材 料經過熱壓再成形作爲濺鍍靶。 如表1所示,成分元素以外的雜質金屬元素約爲 90ppm、碳成分爲500ppm、氮成分爲300ppm、氧成分爲 500ppm、硫成分爲50ppm。觀察在靶內採取之塊組織,其 平均結晶粒徑爲60 // m。 分析由該靶不同的5點所取得的樣本,如表4所示, 與銀、鍺、銻及碲之目標成分的組成差異(5點平均)分別爲 +0.5at%、+0.7at%、- 1.2at%以及-2.0at%,而爲產生組成 差異等嚴重問題的靶。 表4 (5點所採取的樣本平均値) 與目標組成的偏差 銀 +0.5at% 鍺 +0.7at% 銻 -1.2at% 碲 -2.0at% 發明之效果 本發明可儘量減少偏析濃縮於記憶點與非記憶部分的 界面附近而造成重複記錄次數減少原因的靶中雜質,特別 18 1303281 是減少擴散及移動程度大的碳、氮、氧、硫等氣體成分' 驗金屬與鹼土類金屬的雜質含量,而可提升由非晶質狀態 到結晶狀態(結晶化)的速度,具有良好效果。 再者,相對於目標組成使靶組成的偏差在=tl.Oat%以下 ,且減少靶內成分的離析,藉此提昇相變化型記憶體之重 寫特性及結晶化速度,而具備顯著的效果。 19
Claims (1)
- 娜舰 拾、申請專利範圍 公告煩請委員明示,本案修正後是否變更原實質内容 1. 一種相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶,其特徵在於,係由3 元系以上的元素組成,以擇自銻、碲、硒元素中之至少一 成分作爲主成分,且與目標組成的組成差異在土丨·0^%以下 其氣體成分以外之純度在99.995wt%以上,且氣體成分 之碳、氮、氧、硫的總量在700ppm以下; 該靶的平均結晶粒徑在50/zm以下,相對密度在90% 以上; 其包含選自過渡金屬、鎵、鍺、銦、錫之至少一種來 作爲副成分。 2. —種相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶,其特徵在於,係由3 元系以上的元素組成,以擇自銻、碲、硒元素中至少一成 分作爲主成分,且在由靶內任意部位採取兩個以上的各個 樣本(i=2,3,4…)中,主成分以外之各成分元素的組成 Ai(wt%)之平均値爲 A(wt%)時,| A-Ai | S0.15 ; 其氣體成分以外之純度在99.995wt%以上,且氣體成分 之碳、氮、氧、硫的總量在700ppm以下; 該靶的平均結晶粒徑在50//m以下,相對密度在90% 以上; 其包含選自過渡金屬、鎵、鍺、銦、錫之至少一種來 作爲副成分。 3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶, 其係由3元系以上的元素組成,以擇自銻、碲、硒元素中 20 1303281 至少一成分作爲主成分,且在由靶內任意部位採取兩個以 上的各個樣本(i =,2,3,4···)中,主成分以外之各成分元素的組 成 Ai(wt%)之平均値爲 A(wt%)時,| A-Ai | $0.15。 4·一種相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶之製造方法,係用來製 造申請專利範圍第1〜3項中任一項之相變化型記憶體用濺 鍍靶,其特徵在於,係在真空或惰性環境氣氛的密閉系中 溶解鑄造。 5. 如申請專利範圍第4項之相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶 之製造方法,其中,係使用內部爲真空或充塡惰性環境氣 氛的石英容器,將該容器密閉進行溶解鑄造。 6. 如申請專利範圍第5項之相變化型記憶體用濺鍍靶 之製造方法,其中,係使用鹼成分l〇PPm以下、〇H_5ppm 以下之高純度石英。 7·如申請專利範圍第4〜6項中任一項之相變化型記憶 體用濺鍍粑之製造方法,其中,溶解前的原料純度在 99.999wt% 以上。 8·如申請專利範圍第4〜6項中任一項之相變化型記憶 體用濺鍍靶之製造方法,其中,係在成分元素或生成化合 物的熔點溫度以上進行溶解鑄造。 拾壹、圖式 钲 j\\\ 21
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US7156964B2 (en) | 2007-01-02 |
CN101042903A (zh) | 2007-09-26 |
EP1480209B1 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
US20050115829A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
CN101042903B (zh) | 2010-06-09 |
JP5420594B2 (ja) | 2014-02-19 |
US20070062808A1 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
CN1620693A (zh) | 2005-05-25 |
JP2010236095A (ja) | 2010-10-21 |
CN100369141C (zh) | 2008-02-13 |
KR100656674B1 (ko) | 2006-12-11 |
WO2003071531A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
JP2010003402A (ja) | 2010-01-07 |
EP1480209A1 (en) | 2004-11-24 |
TW200303369A (en) | 2003-09-01 |
EP1480209A4 (en) | 2006-11-08 |
JPWO2003071531A1 (ja) | 2005-06-16 |
JP5203420B2 (ja) | 2013-06-05 |
JP4790833B2 (ja) | 2011-10-12 |
US7484546B2 (en) | 2009-02-03 |
JP2012009128A (ja) | 2012-01-12 |
KR20040078700A (ko) | 2004-09-10 |
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