TW452926B - Process for fabricating SOI substrate with high-efficiency recovery from damage due to ion implantation - Google Patents
Process for fabricating SOI substrate with high-efficiency recovery from damage due to ion implantation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW452926B TW452926B TW087104488A TW87104488A TW452926B TW 452926 B TW452926 B TW 452926B TW 087104488 A TW087104488 A TW 087104488A TW 87104488 A TW87104488 A TW 87104488A TW 452926 B TW452926 B TW 452926B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- substrate
- ion implantation
- layer
- oxide film
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005224 laser annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxide(2-) Chemical compound [O-2] AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000005298 acute pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/26—Bombardment with radiation
- H01L21/263—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation
- H01L21/265—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation producing ion implantation
- H01L21/26506—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation producing ion implantation in group IV semiconductors
- H01L21/26533—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation producing ion implantation in group IV semiconductors of electrically inactive species in silicon to make buried insulating layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02524—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/02532—Silicon, silicon germanium, germanium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02656—Special treatments
- H01L21/02664—Aftertreatments
- H01L21/02667—Crystallisation or recrystallisation of non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials, e.g. regrowth
- H01L21/02675—Crystallisation or recrystallisation of non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials, e.g. regrowth using laser beams
- H01L21/02686—Pulsed laser beam
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/76—Making of isolation regions between components
- H01L21/762—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers
- H01L21/7624—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers using semiconductor on insulator [SOI] technology
- H01L21/76243—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers using semiconductor on insulator [SOI] technology using silicon implanted buried insulating layers, e.g. oxide layers, i.e. SIMOX techniques
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Element Separation (AREA)
- Recrystallisation Techniques (AREA)
Description
經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 45292 6 A7 ___B7 五、發明説明(1 ) 本發明係關於一種使用SIM〇X (藉由植入氧而分離) 的方法製造SOI(絕緣體上有矽)的基板,其中氡化矽薄膜 係藉由將氧離子植入單晶矽基板而形成在矽基板裡面。 至於製造非常大規模之積體電路的方法之一,S〇I技 術一直以來由於其積合度及低功率損耗而受到注目。在製 造SOI基板-其中矽層形成在絕緣基板上-的已知方法中, 例如雷射再結晶方法及基板結合-其中單晶矽基板係經由 絕緣膜結合在一起-的方法《此外,所謂的SIM〇x方法_ 其中氧係以離子植入法置入砂基板-也一直在使用中。 該SIMOX方法係為一種其中製入高濃度氧離子以致 於在矽基板之特定深度區域裡提供氧化層的方法。該方法 裡,熱處理係為了從由於離子植入而致之任何損壞修復而 執行。 以曰本專利特許公開案HEI 7_263538所述的製造s〇I 基板之方法作為習知技術的參考。 首先’利用如圖2步驟(A)所示之植入裝置,將氧離子 〇+植入單晶矽基板21裡至特定深度(氧離子的植入(步驟 (A))。該情況裡,為了要避免表面單晶層22位錯密度增 加及如圖2步驟(C)所之齓入氧化—層25的擊穿電場強度減 低,氧離子植入的數量低於0.5 X 1〇!8公分-2 。除此之 外’圖號23係指高濃度氧化離子植入層。 其次’如圖2步驟(B)所示,利用CVD(化學蒸汽沉積 法)裝置,使Si%退火保護膜24形成在晶矽基板21的表 面上(保瘦膜的形成(步雜(B))。然而,也可以進行圖2的 本紙張尺度適用中國國家橾準(CNS ) Α4規格(2丨ΟΧ297公釐} (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) i装· ,Α 4 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 45292 6 Λ7 B7 ——· - -_____ __ 五'發明説明(2) 下一個第三步驟(C)而不用.形成退火保護膜24。 接著’如圖2的步驟(C)所示,將基板21放入含〇_5〇/〇 氧分壓之Ar大氣中保持850°c的爐裡,將溫度增加到135〇 t (退火程序(第三步驟(C))。經由該為火方法,使基板穩 人至致使高離子植八層23變成散入氣化過25 »除 此之外’圖號26係表示退火氧化膜。 再者,將單晶矽基板21在11 5 CTC到低於熔點溫度的 溫度範圍内進行急一疼竺數小時(高溫氧化程序(第四步 驟))。在該方法裡,〇2氣體濃度應該保持在大於1%至最 高可達100%的範圍内。 進行上述步驟的結果,獲得下列三種改良。 第,如圖2的步驟(D)和(E)所示,退火程序所形成 之_鼓入氡H層25的增量27係在增加嵌入氧化膜25厚度 的步驟中形成。除此之外,圖號28係指由高溫氧化所增 加的表面氧化膜〇 同樣地,如圖2的步驟(F)*(G),減少針孔步驟所示, 當粒子已沉積在植入氧離子的單晶矽基板21表面上時, 嵌入氧化膜25的針孔29係獲得修復。 此外’如®I 2之平化敌入氧化p 25的步称⑹及⑴所 示,嵌入氧化膜25很版趟见痕及突出部係以嵌入氧化膜 增量27'壬业。.除此之外,点卜狀阁, ^ Γ隹上述圖2之步驟(C)所形成的 退火膜26除去之後,可以進行圖2所示之步驟⑼到⑴。 接著’如圖2的步驟⑺所示,進行犧牲氧化程序以使 表面石夕單晶層22變薄。該犧,牲氧化步驟可以在去除表面 本紙張尺度剌巾g國家標準(cns )機i^^_297公廣"y --^------袭------ΐτ------^ (請先閱讀背面之注^項再填寫本頁) 6 A7 B7 45292 五、發明説明(3) 氧化膜28之後進行。同樣地,犧牲氧化步驟可以在退火 —1-------裝------訂 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 程序及㊅溫氧化料之間進行。此外,該犧牲氧化程序可 以在去除退火氧化膜26後進行β 、在上述程序中,也可以在增加溫度的條件下進行圖^ 的退火程序(C) ’接著增加溫度,進行高溫氧化。退火係 在提高爐溫的程序_進行,其Μ絲持在爐溫一直超 過1200 C的狀態。然後,在提高溫度之後供給火爐增量 的氧,以致使氧内分壓調至大約聽的高濃度。因此, 第四步驟的高溫氧化程序完成。 然而,在經由退火程序,||由將氧離子植入單晶石夕基 板而於碎基板上形成嵌人氧化膜的程序裡,因為氧化石夕膜 係藉由植入氧離子而形成於矽基板内’改逆表面發|發j i复垡° 踔像晶韓管特性破壞及敗 A·直北败介 發明摘要 本發明之目的因此係提供一種製造S0i基板的方法, 其有效地修復由於離子植入而致的損壞。 經濟部中央梯準局負工消費合作社印繁 為了達到上述目的,本發明係提供一種製造S〇i基板 的方法,其包括: 在將氧離子植入單晶矽基板至特定深度之後,藉由熱 處理在氧離子植入區域形成一氧化矽膜;及 藉由於存在整個氧化矽膜之鼻面側邊上,單晶矽基板 的矽基板上進行膦衝雷射退火,來修復由於離子植入而致 矽基板的損壞。 另一具體實施例進一步地包括利用重覆脈衝雷射退火 ί 6 本紙张尺度通用中國國家標準(CNS ) Μ規格(2ί〇Χ297公釐) 452926 Λ7 Β7 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(4) 法將存在整個氧化石夕膜之表面側邊上的石夕重覆嫁融及再 結晶。 J式的簡單說曰i 由下列詳細說明可以完全地了解本發明而所附的圖式 僅用來作說明之用’因此本發明不受其限制,其中: 圖ΙΑ ’ 1B及ic係為製造本發明之具體實施例之s〇I 基板的程序圖;及 圖2係為製造習知技術之SOI基板的程序圖。 輕施例之詳細钳aq 以下’本發明係以圖ΙΑ,1B及1C所示的具體實施 例做參考而加以詳細描述。圖〖A ’ 1B及lc為為製造本 發明之具體實施例之SOI基板的程序圖^請參考圊i A , 1B及1C,圖號1係指單晶矽基板,2係指表面單晶矽層, 2a係指損壞修復的表面單晶矽層,3係指高濃度氧離子植 入層,5係指嵌入氧化膜,及6係指退火氧化膜。 首先’利用所需的離子植入裝置,如圖所示,以 例如180電子伏的植入能及〇 4 χ 1〇 u公分·2的劑量, 將南濃度的氧離子植入矽基板以此離子植入法置入基 板1的氧原子係根據矽基板】之特定深度區域裡的預定範 圍裡散佈,植入至高濃度。結果,氧原子形成高濃度氧植 入層3 ’成為一種絕緣體的嵌入氧化層5。 因為氧係以特定能量植入,所以低氧原子濃的矽層仍 留在氧化矽層3的表面側邊上。然而,因為眾多氧原子已 π全通過’矽層造成結晶度損壞,因此不適用於該階段的 裝置形成。 ' 本紙張尺度適用中國國^i7CNS ) Α4現格2丨0Χ297公楚 7 —------袭------tr------Λ. (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 452926 8 7 1 04 48 8 a7 R7 Λ, 績請委 ίΐ::.' 經濟部智慧財產局負工消费合作社印製 五、發明說明(5 ) 接著,如圖1B所示,在含0.5%濃度氧的Ar大氣裡, 於1350t:熱處理4小時,以從高濃度氧植入層3形成嵌 入氧化層5。在該程序裡,添加5%濃度氣的用意在於避 免基板表面裡形成凹痕。同樣地,因為脈衝雷射退火係在 熱處理之後進行,所以熱處理可以在低於1350°C,例如 大約1100°C的溫度下進行。 其次,如圖1C所示,進行脈衝雷射退火以熔融及再 結晶表面單晶矽層2。脈衝雷射光束(ArF,XeCl雷射光 束或相似光束)係以1200毫焦/平方公分或更高的能量密 度照射。脈衝雷射光束係通過由上述熱處理而形成於表面 單晶矽表面内的氧化矽膜6,並能夠使表面單晶矽層2在 數十毫微米内經由其極大的半導體吸吸係數(能量僅由表 面吸枚)而熔融,其照射時間為20-60秒而其在照射期間 的極大功率密度為107瓦特/平方公分。 藉由該脈衝雷射退火,表面單晶矽層2熔融並再結晶, 使結晶缺陷的活性活化,完成以晶種為主的損壞修復a結 果,獲得已降低表面矽缺陷密度及修復損壞的表面單晶矽 基層2a。同樣也藉由重覆照射該脈衝雷射光東來進行熔 融及再結晶,缺陷密度可以更降低。例如,在表面矽層2 由脈衝雷射退火而熔融之後,降低表面矽層2至矽熔點一 半的溫度(大約570eC),因此再結晶,然後再次進行脈衝 雷射退火》 如上詳細說所述,使用本發明係得以降低表面矽層的 缺陷密度。這使得高品質SOI基板得以在低溫及低成本 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再Ϊ本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) 4 52926 Λ7 B7 ______ — ____________; " ----- 五、發明説明(6) 之下獲得,依次地有助於形成各種裝置。 上述之具體實施例係用來詳細說明本發明之目的、特 徵及功效,對於熟悉該項技藝人士而言,可能根據上述說 明而對該具體實施例作部分變更或修改,卻不脫離出本發 明之精神範疇,因此’本發明之專利範圍僅由附錄之申請 專利範圍加以說明之° --.------袭------II------森 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印笨 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 4 5 2926 Λ7 B7五、發明説明(7 ) 元件標號對照表 1.. .單晶矽基板 2.. .表面單晶矽層 2a...損壞修復的表面單晶矽層 3.. .高濃度氧離子植入層 5…嵌入氧化膜 6.. .退火氧化膜 21.. .單晶矽基板 22.. .單晶層 23.. .高濃度氧化離子植入層 24.. .5102.火保護膜 25.. .氧化層 26…退火氧化膜 27.. .增量 28.. .高溫氧化所增加的表 面氧化膜 --;--^-----裝------ΪΤ------^ t請先W讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央榡準局貝工消費合作社印掣 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X四7公釐) 10
Claims (1)
- 452926 A8B8C8D8 六、申請專利範圍煩.請委员明--:',本案修二沒是否變更原實質内容 經濟部智慧財產局具工消费合作社印製 第87104488號專利再審查案申請專利範圍修正本 修正日期:89年02月 1. 一種製造SOI基板的方法,其包括: 在將氧離子植入至單一晶梦基板(1)的特定深度(3) 之後,藉由熱處理而在經氡離子植入的區域(3)上形成 一氧化矽膜(5);及 藉由對存在於該氧化矽膜(5)整個之表面側邊上之 該單晶矽基板(1)的矽進行脈衝雷射退火,來修復因離 子植入而造成該矽基板(1)的損壞,其中該脈衝雷射係 以1200mJ/cm2或更高的能量密度來照射。 2. 根據申請專利範圍第1項製造SOI基板的方法,其進_ 步地包括利用重覆脈衝雷射退火法,將存在整個氡化發 膜之表面側邊上的矽重覆熔融及再結晶。 ---------------d--------訂. (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 線\
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US4431459A (en) * | 1981-07-17 | 1984-02-14 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Fabrication of MOSFETs by laser annealing through anti-reflective coating |
US4523370A (en) * | 1983-12-05 | 1985-06-18 | Ncr Corporation | Process for fabricating a bipolar transistor with a thin base and an abrupt base-collector junction |
DE3818504A1 (de) * | 1988-05-31 | 1991-01-03 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren und vorrichtung fuer die kristallisation duenner halbleiterschichten auf einem substratmaterial |
JPH02302044A (ja) * | 1989-05-16 | 1990-12-14 | Fujitsu Ltd | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JPH05335530A (ja) * | 1992-05-28 | 1993-12-17 | Sony Corp | Soi基板の製造方法 |
JP3036619B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-23 | 2000-04-24 | コマツ電子金属株式会社 | Soi基板の製造方法およびsoi基板 |
FR2720189B1 (fr) * | 1994-05-18 | 1996-08-30 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procédé de réalisation d'une structure à faible taux de dislocations comprenant une couche d'oxyde enterrée dans un substrat semi-conducteur. |
-
1997
- 1997-04-11 JP JP9092659A patent/JPH10284431A/ja active Pending
-
1998
- 1998-03-25 TW TW087104488A patent/TW452926B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-04-01 KR KR1019980011403A patent/KR19980080967A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-04-06 US US09/055,306 patent/US6110845A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-09 DE DE69825931T patent/DE69825931T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-09 EP EP98302885A patent/EP0871216B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69825931D1 (de) | 2004-10-07 |
KR19980080967A (ko) | 1998-11-25 |
US6110845A (en) | 2000-08-29 |
EP0871216B1 (en) | 2004-09-01 |
EP0871216A1 (en) | 1998-10-14 |
DE69825931T2 (de) | 2005-09-01 |
JPH10284431A (ja) | 1998-10-23 |
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