TW309433B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
TW309433B
TW309433B TW082111069A TW82111069A TW309433B TW 309433 B TW309433 B TW 309433B TW 082111069 A TW082111069 A TW 082111069A TW 82111069 A TW82111069 A TW 82111069A TW 309433 B TW309433 B TW 309433B
Authority
TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
foam
water
weight
item
foaming
Prior art date
Application number
TW082111069A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gerald Alfred Young
Paul Seiden
Original Assignee
Procter & Gamble
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Procter & Gamble filed Critical Procter & Gamble
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TW309433B publication Critical patent/TW309433B/zh

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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/537Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
    • A61F13/5376Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterised by the performance of the layer, e.g. acquisition rate, distribution time, transfer time
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/04Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
    • C08J2201/05Elimination by evaporation or heat degradation of a liquid phase
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/04Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
    • C08J2201/05Elimination by evaporation or heat degradation of a liquid phase
    • C08J2201/0504Elimination by evaporation or heat degradation of a liquid phase the liquid phase being aqueous
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2207/00Foams characterised by their intended use
    • C08J2207/12Sanitary use, e.g. diapers, napkins or bandages

Description

309433 A6 B6 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(1 ) 發明之領域 本案係讕於具有流髏吸收及保流特擞,使其特別镳於吸 收水性體液,例如尿,之可撓、多微孔、開孔聚合發泡材 料。本案特別鼷於被此流體弄溉之前保持相當薄之吸收發 泡材料。 發明之»長 用作為丟棄式尿布、成人失禁鶼Η輿短褲、及如術生棉 之月經產品之高吸收物品為具有極大商業興趣之主题。此 產品之非常希望之特微為薄度。例如,較薄之尿布對穿載 較不會笨大,在衣物下較合身,而且較不醮目。其亦包裝 較緊密,使尿布易於被消费者攜帶及儲存。包裝之緊密度 亦造成製造與經銷商之降低經_成本,包括每儸尿布單元 較少之在商店所需儲存空間。 提供較薄之如尿布之吸收物品之能力偁而為發展可獲得 及儲存大量排出之體液之相當薄吸收核心或構造之能力。 W於此點,經常稱為'1'水凝膠〃、"超吸收物〃或"水膠 材料之特定粒狀吸收聚合物之使用特別地重要。參見,例 如* 1972年6月13日頒予之美Β專利3,699,103(哈伯等人 ),及1972年6月20日頒予之美醑專利3,770,731 (哈蒙) ,其揭示此粒狀吸收聚合物在吸收物品之使用。事實上| 較薄尿布之發展為利用這些粒狀吸收聚合物,以在通常與 纖維基質姐合使用時,吸收大量排出之體液之較薄吸收核 心之直接必然结果。參見,例如* 1987年6月16日頒予之 美鼷專利4,673,402 (鸚玆曼等人),及1990年6月19日頒 t請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 -3- 本紙張尺度適用子國國家標準(CNS)甲4規格(210Χ29Ϋ公釐) 309433 A6 B6 經濟部中央樣準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(2 ) 予之美國專利4,935,022 (拉許等人)·其揭示用於時竈之 薄、緊密、不大之尿布的包含纖維基質與粒狀吸收聚合物 之雙層核心構造。 這些粒狀吸收聚合物在保留大量如尿之流體之能力為非 常卓越的。此粒狀吸收聚合物之代表例為稍微交聯聚丙烯 酸酯。如同許多之其他吸收聚合物·這些稍微交聯聚丙烯 酸酯包含多數之連接於聚合物主幹之陰雛子性(帶®荷) 羧基。瑄些帶電之羧基因滲透力之结果而使聚合物吸收水 性體液。 除了滲透力,基於毛畑力之吸收在包括尿布之許多吸收 物品亦為重要的。毛细力在許多日常琨象為明顯的,例如 •藉衛生紙而吸收潑漏之液體。毛细吸收物可K供懕鬮於 流體獲得與毛细速率之優異性能•即,將水性體液移動起 初接觸點之能力。事實上,K上所示之雙層核心吸收構造 使用灌維基質作為移動全部吸收核心之起初獲得之水性體 液之主要毛细埋输媒介,使其可被位於核心層或區之粒狀 吸收聚合物吸收及保留。 可能可Μ提供毛細流雅理轤之替代吸收材料為開孔聚合 物發泡。如果缠當地製造,關孔聚合發泡可提供用於如尿 布之吸收物品的高性能吸收核心之毛细流體獲得、邇输及 儲存之特點。含此發泡之吸收物品圼現所霈之潮濕整體性 ,在穿戴物品之全部時間提供遘當之合身,並且避免使用 時形吠之裂解。此外,含此發泡構造之吸收物品易於以商 業規横而製造。例如,吸收尿布核心可以僅打模成連續發 t請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁) -裝 .訂 4 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)甲4規格(210X297公釐) 經濟央樣準局貝工消费合作社印製 A6 B6 五、發明説明(5 ) 泡Η ’並且設計成具有比含粒吠吸收聚合物之氣降雄維吸 收核心為相當大之整體性及均匀度。此發泡亦可以任.何所 欲之形狀而薄横,或者甚至形成整髑、單一之尿布。 文獻與商業實務充滿可為了各種目的而吸取各種流體之 各種型式聚合發泡之說明。事實上,特定型式聚合發泡材 料作為如尿布與月經產品之吸收物品的元件之使用已被建 議。參見,例如,1977年6月14日頒予之美國専利 4,029,100(卡拉米),其掲示在其吸收整片姐合件之大腿 交叉區域使用發泡元件,以提供高瀰彌性之保持形吠尿布 。特定型式之聚合發泡材料亦已建議用於為了實際吸取、 毛细及/或保留水性雅液之目的之吸收物品。參見,例如 ,1971年2月6日頒予之美國專利3,563,243 (林德奎斯特 )(主要吸收物為親水性聚胺甲酸乙酯發泡片之尿布等之吸 收墊片);1985年11月19日頒予之美國專利4,554,297 (大 比)(可用於尿布或月經產品之體液吸收孔型聚合物); 198 8年4月26日頒予之美圃專利4,7 40,528(加斐等人)(含 由特定型式聚胺甲酸乙酯發泡而製造之超毛细、交脚海綿 吸收物之如尿布、女性_理產品等之吸收禊合構造)。 雖然各種聚合發泡材料已被建議用於吸收物品,仍有具 有使此發泡特別可用於如尿布之商業上市吸收產品之特點 與特徴的最遘姐合之吸收發泡材料之需求。醐於所飲之吸 收特微,包括毛细流體埋输能力,已決定最缠吸收、開孔 聚合發泡應具有Μ下特微: (a) 比吸收物品之其他姐份所呈現為相當大之吸收«液之 -5- 本紙張尺度遑用中鼸Η家標準(CNS)f4規格(210x297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝 .訂 309433 Α6 Β6 經濟也令央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(4 ) 親和力,使發泡材料可自這些其他姐份吸乾(分布) 流體,並且保持流體儲存於發泡構造內; <b) 相當良好之毛细與流體分布特激,以使發泡理输吸取 之尿或其他體液遠離起初浸潢區,而進入未使用之其 餘發泡構造•如此而調整隨後湧出之流體;及 在負載下,即•在懕縮力之下·具有相當高流體容量 之相當高之儲存容量。 如前所示,較薄之吸收核心通常為製造相當薄吸收物品 之要件。然而,提供被水性髓液弄瀰之前保持相當薄之形 式之吸收聚合發泡材料並不簡簞。吸收發泡材料在正常儲 存時及弄濕之前之使用需要保持相當薄。此相當薄聚合發 泡材料如果用於高性能吸收核心,則另外必須具有Μ上所 述之所需吸收特徵。製造為了穿戴者之舒通之足夠柔软及 可撓之相當薄聚合發泡亦不是普通的工作。 因此|希望可Μ製造開孔吸收聚合發泡材料,其為:⑴ 具有適當或較佳為優異之吸收特激,包括毛细流體埋_能 力,以在用於如尿布、成人失禁墊片或短裤、衛生棉等之 高性能吸收核心為所希望的;⑵在正常儲存與使用時為相 當薄,直到被水性體液弄瀰;⑶為足夠可撓及柔軟,以對 吸收物品穿戴者提供高程度之舒通;及⑷可在相當合理或 低成本Κ商業規横而製造。 琎明夕祺沄 本發明係闢於在接觸水性體液時,膨腥並且吸收此流糖 之相當薄、可臛扁(即,未膨脹)之聚合發泡材料。埴些 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝 .訂 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家樣準(CNS)甲4規格(210x297公釐) 五、發明説明( A6 B6 經濟^6-央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 吸收聚 離子性 泡體積 之毒物 構造具 態•於 之合成 50¾之 據信 由於發 聚合物 驚奇地 件時保 。因為 壓扁之 生棉等 之聚合 提供高 本發 包水乳 得到此 HIPE 乳 有:(¾ 狀單體 合發泡材料包 聚合發泡構造 表面積比。發 學上可接受、 有約30,000巴 88T (31.lt:) 尿飽和成其自 其基於懕扁狀 本發明之聚合 生於懕扁發泡 之彈性回復趨 ,壓扁之聚合 持相當薄,直 聚合發 之吸收 發泡材 程度之 明更關 液,通 相當薄 液之油 約5至 ;(b> 約 泡材料 物品之 料亦足 通合度 於藉由 常已知 、可壓 相包含 約40重 30至約 含互相 ,其提 泡構造 吸濕、 斯嗶或 Μ具有 由吸收 態之乾 發泡保 構造内 勢(即 發泡材 到最終 特微· 在如尿 高性能 夠可撓 0 聚合具 為高内 扁之聚 約67至 量%之 80重量 連接開 供至少 在此被 水合鹽 較少之 65 士 5 發泡構 烯密度 持壓扃 之毛细 ,膨脹 料在正 被水性 包括毛 布、成 吸收核 及柔软 孔之親水 約 0.0 2 5 加入至少 。在其® 膨脹壓力 達因/公 造時,約 Ο 、未臃脹 壓力•其 懕力)所 常埋送、 體液弄濕 细流體浬 人失禁墊 心相當有 * Μ對吸 性、可撓、非 m2/cc之毎發 約0 . 1重量% 扃狀態,發泡 。在其膨脹狀 分之表面張力 具有10至約 狀態之能力乃 至少等於壓縮 施之力。令人 儲存及使用條 ,此時其膨脹 输能力,這些 Η或短褲、衛 用。這些壓扁 收物品穿戴者 有相當大量水相之特定型式油 相乳液或> Η I Ρ Ε ",而一貫地 合發泡材料之方法。這些 約98重霣!Κ之單體姐份*其具 實質上不溶於水、單官能基玻 Si之實質上不溶於水、單官能 7- 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家標準(CNS)甲4规格(210x297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝 :?τ 308433 A6 B6 經濟f央樣準局員工消费合作杜印製 五、發明説明(6 ) 基橡謬狀共單體;(〇約10至約40重量%之實質上不溶於水 、多官能基交聯劑姐份。油相更包含約2至約33重量%之 乳化劑姐份,其溶於油相,並且提供聚合用之安定乳液。 這些ΗΙΡΕ乳液之水或、'内〃相包含含約0.2至約20重量J; 之水溶性電解質之水溶液。在這些ΗΙΡΕ乳液之水相對油相 重量比例範麵在約12:1至約100·· 1 。聚合發泡S霣上被脫 水(有或無前清洗/處理步驟)以提供壓扁之發泡材料。 本發明方法之一僩重要狀態為Κ滅少形成於ΗΙΡΕ乳液之 相當少量水滴聚结之方法而進行乳液形成及聚合步》。其 在生成之聚合發泡材料造成約50微米或更小之數量平均孔 度。據信形成於ΗΙΡΕ乳液之相當少量水滴聚结、與在聚合 發泡材料生成之較小之數量平均孔度之此種滅少•為本發 明之相當薄、可壓扁聚合發泡材料,特別是具有良好吸收 力與流糖埋输特徵之可壓扁發泡材料之一貫形成之關鍵機 構。此聚结之減少可藉在聚合(固化)時,或兩者•使用 較低溫之特定乳化劑系統而一貫地完成,如Μ下所述。此 外,這些相當薄、可懕扁吸收聚合發泡材料可依照本發明 之方法· Μ可能之商業規横•及Κ可能合理或更低成本而 —貫地製造。 Μ式:夕篛蓉銳明 . 圃式之圈1為依照本發明之代表性吸收聚合發泡於其壓 扁狀態之切片邊緣圈之顧微照片( 1 500 Χ倍)。 圖式之圖2為依照本發明之代表性吸收聚合發泡於其膨 脹狀態之切片之顯微照片。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事项再填寫本頁) .裝 .訂 -8 *" 本紙張尺度遴用中aa家揉準(CNS)甲4规^(210X297公釐} 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 309433 A7 A7 B7 五、發明説明() 圈式之圖3 a至3 d為藉由在不同之溫度聚合/固化特定 HI PE乳 m 而 製 m 之 吸 收 聚 合 發 泡 之 切 Η 顯 徽 照 片 (500 | X 涪 ) 〇 驪 式 ~y 画 4 為 依 照 本 發 明 之 吸 收 聚 合 發 泡 Z 切 片 之 顯 徴 5S Η ( 1000 IX 侑 ) 其 由 含 較 佳 共 乳 化 劑 系 统 之 Η IPE乳 液 而 製 m ο 圖 式 之 圈 5 為 丟 m 式 尿 布 之 切 開 描 述 9 其 使 用 如 雙 SS 暦 組 態 吸 尿 布 核 心 之 表 玻 璃 形 流 體 儲 存 / 分 布 組 件 之 本 發 明 吸 收 聚 η 發 泡 0 圈 式 之 圖 β 顯 示 如 丢 棄 式 訓 m 内 裸 產 品 之 合 身 成 形 物 品 之 切 開 躧 » 其 使 用 依 照 本 發 明 之 吸 收 聚 合 發 泡 作 為 吸 收 核 心 0 圈 式 之 圈 7 顯 示 亦 具 有 雙 層 核 心 組 態 之 尿 布 構 造 姐 件 之 分 裂 圈 * 其 具 有 位 於 具 有 修 改 表 坡 璃 形 之 吸 收 發 泡 流 髖 儲 存 / 分 布 層 之 表 玻 璃 形 滾 體 獲 得 層 0 50 吸 收 核 心 51 骽 m 得 暉 5 2 m 儲 存 / 分 布 ϋ 5 3 頂 Η 54 片 6 0 外 磨 61 襯 塾 ϋ 62 m 環 區 域 R3 環 區 域 ----------^,>衣-- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 本紙張又度適用中國國家橾準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 309433 A7 B7 五、發明説明() δ 4 沿 腰 環 區 域 6 5 吸 收 核 心 70 頂 片 7 1 墊 片 72 流 體 儲 存 / 分 布 層 7 3 流 體 獲 得 層 74 障 壁 稱 部 反 褶 條 75 强 性 化 腰 環 構 件 7R 腰 部 m m 構 件 77 部 彈 性 條 ~ 78 聚 乙 烯 片 7 9 Υ 帶 形 片 發明 7 詳 說 明 在 此 為 較 佳 之 聚 合 發 泡 特 徽 為 在 相 當 無 單 體 液 體 如 小 滴 或、、 氣 泡 // 而 分 散 於 可 聚 合 單 體 液 體 m 而 在 圍 繞 小 滴 之含 盟 體 液 體 聚 合 罝 m 時 i 形 成 之 構 造 0 生 成 之 聚 合 分 散 液可 為 多 孔 性 固 化 構 造 之 形 式 ) 其 為 孔 之 凝 集 體 < 其 邊 界 或壁 包 含 固 態 聚 合 材 料 0 孔 本 身 含 相 當 無 里 骽 之 液 體 > 其 在聚 合 前 於 m 骽 分 散 m 形 成 小 滴 〇 如 下 所 更 詳 細 說 明 » 在 本 發 明 用 作 為 吸 收 物 之 壓 羈 之 聚合 發 泡 材 料 般 藉 聚 合 特 定 型 式 油 包 水 乳 液 而 製 備 〇 此 ~ 9a - I-----^---J,装------訂------^ (請先M讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家橾準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) 309433 A6 B6 經濟央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(8 ) 乳液由相當少最之含可聚合單體油相與相當大量之相當無 單餺水相。相當無單體、不連績、、内〃水相如此而形成被 連鑛之含單體油相画繞之分散小滴。單體在連鑛油相之随 後聚合形成孔狀發泡構造。在聚合後保持於發泡構造之水 性液體可藉懕縮、熱乾燥及/或真空脫水而移除。 聚合發泡,包括由油包水乳液而製備之發泡,特微可為 相當封孔或相當開孔,視孔壁或邊界,即,孔窗,是否充 滿或無聚合材料及/或其程度而定。用於本發明吸收物品 與構堦之聚合發泡材料為相當開孔|因為發泡之個別孔大 多不完全藕孔壁之聚合材料而彼此隔雛。因此,在此實質 上開孔發泡構造之孔具有孔間開口或、、窗Λ •其大到足Μ 使流體在發泡構造內自一孔轉移至其他孔。 在此使用型式之實質上開孔構造·發泡通常具有網狀特 徵,個別孔為複數之互相連接、三維分歧網所界定。姐成 開孔發泡構造之分歧網之聚合材料束可稱為''支柱〃。具 有典型支柱型式構造之開孔發泡藉實例之方式而示於圈2 所述之顯微照片。為了本發明之目的,如果至少1微米大 小之發泡構造至少80Χ之孔與至少一個相鄰孔Μ液體連接 ,則發泡材料為"開孔〃。或者•如果其具有至少80S;之 理論可得孔體積之可測量孔拥積,則發泡材料可被視為實 質上開孔。 除了開孔,本發明之懕靥聚合發泡材料特徵為親水性。 發泡必須足夠親水性,Μ使發泡以以下指定之量而吸收水 性體液。如以下關於較佳發泡型式及發泡製備方法所述, -10- 本紙張尺度遑用中Μ國家標準(CNS)甲4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 裝 ,訂 309433 A6 B6 經濟部f央標準局員工消费合作杜印製 五、發明説明(9 ) 發泡構造之内表面可辅在聚合後殘留於發泡構造之殘餘親 水劑,或籍選擇之後聚合發泡處理步驟,其可用以改麥形 成發泡構造之材料之表面能量•而視為親水性。 如本發明之聚合發泡構造為、、親水性"之程度可參考此 發泡接觸吸收試驗液驩所呈現之"黏附張力〃而定最。黏 附張力如下式所定義 AT= 7 COS θ 其中AT為黏附張力•達因/公分; 7為發泡材料吸收之試驗液賵之表面張力,達因/公分 I 0為聚合發泡與在試驗液體接觸發泡構造時,正切試驗 液體之向量間之接觸角度•度。 對於任何特定親水性發泡材料,發泡呈現之黏附張力可 使用對已知大小與毛钿吸力表面積比之發泡樣品,測量試 驗液艄,例如•合成尿,之重霣上升之步驟,而實驗地測 定。此步驟詳细敘述於Μ下之試驗方法部份。在本發明可 用作為吸收物之發泡通常為藉具有65± 5達因/公分之表 面張力之合成尿之毛佃吸力上升而測量,呈琨約15至約 65達因/公分,較佳為約20至約65達因/公分,之黏附張 力程度,而已被視為親水性者。 除了 w開孔〃及"親水性〃 •用於本發明之聚合發泡材 料具有特定之構造與機械性質、特黏及/或特徵。應了解 這些發泡材料在發泡與吸收之水性髑液間接觸前之不同時 間’具有不同性質、特點及/或特黴。例如•在其製造、 {請先閲讀背面之注意事项再填寫本頁} 裝 ’訂 -η - 本紙張尺度通用中國國家櫺準(CNS)甲4规格(210x297公釐)—" 309433 經濟部甲央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 A6 B6 五、發明説明(1〇 ) 浬送•儲存等時·發泡對具有在Μ下討論之谙些參數範園 Κ外之密度及/或孔度值。然而,如果後來進行物理或流 變改變,使其至少在與吸收之水性體液接觸之前及/或之 時,具有這些性質在Κ下所需之值、特點及/或特徴,刖 此發泡仍在本發明之範圃。 本發明聚合發泡材料之性質、特點及/或特激稍微相W 及互相依賴,但是實質上可Κ分類如下:(I )特別有闞其 壓扁狀態者;(I)特別有闞其膨脹狀態者;(Κ)同樣有闞 其壓扁或膨脹狀態者;及(IV)特別有闞其接《水性體液時 之吸收力者。 I ·脑届状態 本發明之壓扁聚合Ρ泡材料通常藉由聚合如以下所述之 ΗΙΡΕ型乳液而得。其為具有相當少量油相與相當大量水相 之油包水乳液。因此,在聚合後,生成之發泡含有大量之 水。此水可賴壓縮力而自發泡壓出,及/或可藉熱乾堍, 如在烤箱中加熱,或藉真空脫水,而減少。壓縮,及/或 熱乾煉/真空脫水後*聚合發泡材料於壓扁或未膨脹狀態 0 藉壓縮而壓出水之代表性壓扁ΗΙΡΕ發泡之孔狀植造以顯 微照片而示於圖1 。如圈1所示,發泡之孔狀構造歪曲, 特刖是比較鬮2所示之ΗΙΡΕ發泡構造時。(圓2所示之發 泡構造為於其膨脹狀態。)由圖1亦可見到,在發泡構造 之空隙或孔(暗區)已平坦或伸長。在發泡構造之相鄰支 柱間亦無或有最少之接觸。 <請先閲讀背面之注意亭項再填寫本頁) .裝 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)甲4规格(210X297公釐) 309433 A6 B6 經濟部f央樣準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(11 ) 懕縮及/或熱乾燥/真空脫水後,膣扁之聚合發泡材料 可能再瞭脹,特別是在以水性體液弄濕時。(參見圖2 , 其顯示依照本發明之典型HIPE發泡構造於其膨脹狀態。) 令人驚奇地•本發明之聚合發泡材料保持其懕扃,或未膨 脹狀態,非常畏之時間,例如,達至少約1年。本發明之 聚合發泡材料保持於此壓扁/未膨脹狀態之能力據信乃由 於毛细力,特別是發生於發泡構造内之毛佃壓力。在此使 用之"毛细懕力〃指由於發泡孔之窄限制内之新月曲線而 横越液體/空氣界面之壓力差。[參見査特吉,”吸收力 ",坊继科擧與技術,第7卷,1 985,第36頁。]為了濕 潤液髑,比較大氣壓力實質上有壓力下降。 懕縮後,及/或熱乾燥/真空脫水後•本發明之聚合發 泡材料具有殘餘水,其包括水與在此加入(如K下所述) 之伴随吸濕、水合鹽之水,與吸收於發泡內之自由水。據 信施毛细懕力於生成之鼷扁發泡構造為此殘餘水(藉水合 9之肋)。本發明之懕扁聚合發泡材料儲存於727(221 )與50S!相對濕度之周園條件,具有基於發泡重最為至少 約4X之殘餘水含量,一般為約4至約30X 。本發明之較佳 颸扁聚合發泡材料具有基於發泡重霣為約5Χ之殘餘水含霣 Ο 在其壓扁吠態,發生於發泡檐造內之毛细Κ力至少等於 壓縮聚合物之彈性回復或横數所施之力。換言之,保持歷 扁之發泡材料為相當薄所需之毛细IS力為®縮之聚合發泡 唯試"彈回"所施之抵消力所決定。聚合發泡之彈性回復 ί請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ,裝 訂 -13- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)甲4规格(210X297>?51 ~~
五、發明説明(12 ) 趨勢由膨脹之發泡®縮成約25¾之原始、膨脹徑度(厚度 )•然後保持此®縮狀態,直到测最到平衡或鬆.弛應力值 之應力-應變實驗所決定。或者,及為了本發明之目的’ 平衡之鬆張應力值由聚合發泡在接觸水性流艄時’例如’ 水,於其颸扁狀態之測量所決定。此替代之鬆弛應力值在 以下稱為雙泡_之、、膨脹壓力〃。測定發泡膨脹懕力之步驟 之詳細說明在以下之試驗方法部份討論。 本發明聚合發泡之膨脹腔力為約30仟巴斯哩CkPa)或較 少•一般為約7至約20 k P a,即,膨脹懕力在相當窄之範 圍内。其表示依照本發明之典型聚合發泡之彈性回復趨勢 相當固定。因此,提供依照本發明之壓扁、未膨脹聚合發 泡材料所需之毛细壓力一般亦在固定範圔内。 理論上可能直接測最發生於依照本發明之壓扁聚合發泡 之發泡構造内之毛细壓力。例如,如果僅鑲横成中至#柱 傾,毛细壓力(P)可藉拉卜拉士方程式而定義:: (請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 裝 .訂 經濟部中央搮準局貝工消费合作杜印製 其中7為流雅之表面張力,Θ為接觸角,而r«=為毛细管 之半徑。然而,因為各種複雜之因素,包括指定聚合發泡 之值之困難•發生於本發明之發泡構造内之/毛佃壓力無 法直接被測霣.。而是,發生於發泡構造内之毛细壓力更易 藉由改寫以上之拉卜拉士方程式成Μ下較通常形式而估計 *其對任何多孔性構揸為可接受的(例如、,發泡): P = S 〇 Γ 7 cos Θ Μ -14" 本紙張尺度通用中B國家檫JiMCNS)甲4规格(210X297公釐)
303433 經濟f央標準局Λ工消费合作社印製 其中Sc為發泡構造之毛细吸力表面積比,P為發泡密度., 亙為發泡之多孔性’而γ與Θ為流體與發泡構造間之黏附 張力(AT) °假設歪之值接近1( 一般為發泡構造於其膨脹 狀態時之情形),發生於發泡構造內之毛细ffi力實質上為 :(A)毛佃吸力表面積比;®發泡密度;及Ο魄體與發泡構 造間之黏附張'力之函數。 對於固定之黏附張力值,已發現每發泡體積之表面積比 對於實驗地定義保持於懕扃狀態之本發明發泡構造特別有 用。在此使用之 > 毎發泡體積之表面積比"指發泡構造之 毛细吸力表面積比乘以發泡密度,即•在以上通式之SCP 值。此每發泡體積之表面積比之值特徴為"實驗的〃,因 為其得自(au在乾煉發泡構造之濕潤時測量之毛細吸力表面 積比,及(b)膨脹發泡構造在湄潤至飽和後之密度,.而非藉 由乾燥、臛扁之發泡構造之直接測霣。即使.如此,已現 特定之每發泡體積表面積比最小值對發泡構造保持於®扁 狀態之能力為相關的。具有至少約〇 . 025 m2/cc之每發齒 體積表面積比,較佳為至少約0.05 b2/cc ·最佳為.至少約 0.07 ib2/CC之依照本發明之聚合發泡已發現實驗上維持於 壓扁狀態。 毛细吸力表面積比、發泡密度及黏附張力之/流體表面張 力分力,與有鼷聚合發泡之毛细懕力及/或膨脹懕力之其 他因素,在以下更詳细地討論: A ) 东油瞄力宪而穑hh 毛细吸力表面積比通常為形成特定每單位霣董整艤發泡 {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁} .裝 .訂 本纸張尺度遴用中》國家搮準(CNS)甲4規格(210X297公釐) A6 B6 經濟-央標準局員工消费合作杜印製 五、發明説明(14 ) 材料(聚合物结構材料加固體殘餘材料)之發泡的聚合網 路之試驗液體可得表面積之測最。毛细吸力表面積比為藉 發泡之孔狀簞元大小及藉聚合物密度而測定。毛细吸力表 面積比因此為定1發泡網路對此表面參與吸收之程度而提 供之固體表面總量之方式。 如聚合發泡之開孔發泡構造之毛细吸力表面積比為影響 發泡圼現之毛細力(或毛細吸力)之關_特點。相當高之 毛细吸力表面積比與低密度提供非常希望之高容fi與高毛 细力之姐合。高表面稹比亦為姐成發泡構造之支柱之细度 之必然結果。已發現發泡毛佃力必須控制及選擇|使發泡 材料具有足夠之毛钿力· Μ提供可接受之發生於發泡檐造 內之流體保留與流體毛细速率。毛细吸力表面積比之調整 *與發泡聚合物表面親水性之控制*因此為提供對本發明 吸收發泡所需程度之毛细力之方法。 毛细吸力表面積比特別有關逋當毛细壓力是否發生於發 泡構造内·以保持其於壓扁狀態,直到被水性體液弄濕。 使用以上一般形式之拉卜拉士方程式,發生於發泡構造内 之毛细懕力與毛细吸力表面積比成比例。假設如發泡密度 與流賴黏附張力之其他因素為固定的,則其表示*毛细吸 力表面積比壜加(或降低)時,發泡構造内之毛细壓力亦 成比例地增加(或降低)。 發泡之毛细吸力表面積比可藉調整影響發泡形成之各種 姐成與處璀參數而影響及控制。對於ΜΗΙΡΕ乳液為主之發 泡,姐成參數包括ΗΙΡΕ乳液之油包水比例’及用於ΗΙΡΕ乳 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再蜞寫本頁) 裝 -16- 表紙張尺度遑用t國a家標準(CNS)甲4规格(210X297公釐) A6 B6 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(15 ) 液之單體、乳化劑、與電解質之型式與量。影饗毛细吸力 表面積比之處理參數包括混合能最與溫度。 為了本發明之目的,毛细吸力表面積比為藉測量低表面 張力液體(例如,乙酵)之毛细上升之量而測定,其發生 於已知質量與大小之發泡樣品內。經毛细吸力法而測定發 泡表面積比之步驟之詳细說明敘述於以下之試驗方法部份 。亦可使用測定毛细吸力表面積比之任何合理之替代方法 0 用於本發明之懕鼸之開孔、吸收聚合發泡為具有至少約 0.3 ra2 /克之毛细吸力表面積比者。毛妞吸力表面積比一 般在約0.7至約8 in2 /克之範圍,較佳為約1至約7 m2/ 克,最佳為約1 . 5至約6 m2/克。對於在此界定之孔體損 ,具有此毛佃吸力表面積比之親水性發泡通常對如尿之水 性體液呈規特別希望之吸收力、流體保留與流體毛细或分 布特微之平衡。此外•具有此毛细吸力表面積比之發泡可 發生足夠之毛细壓力,以保持發泡於懕扁、未膨脹狀態, 直到K此水性體液弄濕為止。 B) 發泡密麻 發泡在空氣之密度,每立方公分發泡《積之克數*在此 指定為Μ乾嫌基為主。因此,吸收之水性體液之量*例如 ,在HIP Ε乳液之聚合、清洗及/或親水後,例如,殘留於 發泡之殘餘驩與液體,無闞發泡密度之計算與表示。然而 *在此指定之發泡密度確實包括其他殘流物質,如存在於 聚合發泡之乳化劑。事實上 > 此殘餘物質提供大量質量給 t請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝 訂 本紙張尺度逋用令國國家樣準(CNS)甲4規格(210x297公藿) 經濟f央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 A6 B6 五、發明説明(16 ) 發泡材料。 發泡材料之密度,如毛细吸力表面積比,影響吸收發泡 之許多性能與機械特徽。其包水性體液之吸收力、發泡内 流體分布之程度與速率、及發泡可撓性與壓縮彎曲特徴。 發泡吸收構造之密度可以決定此構造之成本效益亦為重要 的。最重要地,發泡密度可Μ在全部時間部份地決定足Μ 保持發泡於懕扁、未膨腺狀態之毛细懕力,直到被水性賴 液弄漏。 提供每單位髀積發泡構造之固態發泡材料之質量測定之 任何適當重t分析步驟可用以測量發泡密度。例如,愛以 下之試驗方法部份更詳細說明之ASTM重量分析步骒為可用 於密度測定之一種方法。在發泡樣品製備步驟(乾燥、老 化、預彎等)可偶然地改變所得密度测1之狀況,則亦可 使用替代之密度測量試驗。此替代方法•例如,可K包括 使用吸收於發泡材料之試驗液體之重量分析密度測量。此 型密度測量法可用Μ特徵化非常低密度之發泡,如其中乾 燦密度接近發泡孔體稹倒數之在此使用之發泡。[參見査 特吉,、、吸收力",访纽ί科璺甜持銜第7卷,1985,第 41頁。]如同毛细吸力表面樓比,Μ下討論之發泡密度範 圃意圖為包括性的,即,其意圈包含可藉任何合理之實驗 試驗法而測定之密度值。 本發明之臛扁吸收聚合發泡具有範圃約0.05至約0.4克 /cm3之乾燥基礎密度質,較佳為約0.07至約0,25克/ cm3 *最佳為約0.1至約〇.2克/ cm3 。發泡材料之密度 {請先閲讀背面之注意事项再填寫本頁) .裝 .訂 -18- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家櫺準(CNS)甲4規格(210X297公釐) 309433 A6 B6 經濟f央樣準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(17 ) 可藉特別地控制Η〗P E乳液之油包水比例而調整於K上範圍 内〇 C) 濟鵂之砉而稱力 如前所示,本發明之懕扁之聚合發泡材料具有特定含童 之殘餘水。在無其他表面張力調整劑•纯水在22C具有約 73達因/公分之表面張力。然而,此殘餘水一般含增加或 降低其表面張力之其他物質。這些物質可存在於通常製造 本發明聚合發泡材料之ΗΙΡΕ乳液之水相。這些物質亦Μ後 聚合步驟之結果,例如,親水發泡表面,而包括於殘餘水 Ο 在壓扁之聚合發泡的殘餘水之一種此種物質為毒物學上 可接受、吸瀰、可水合鹽,較佳為氣化鈣。除了保持殘餘 水於發泡構造免於蒸發,這些可水合鹽亦增加水之表面張 力。例如,包括1重量!《之氛化鈣堆加水之表面張力至於 22¾約75達因/公分。這些水合鼸Κ發泡之至少約0.1重 量3;之量而存在於發泡構造,一般在發泡重最之約0.1至 約8¾之範圔,較佳為約3至約6:«。 存在於壓1之聚合發泡材料之另一種物質為特定油溶性 乳化劑。可存在於本發明發泡構造之代表性油溶性乳化劑 包括山梨酵月桂酸酯(例如,SPAN® 20)、山梨酵月桂酸 酷與山梨酵棕櫊酸酯之混合物(例如,SPAN*® 40)、山梨 酵月桂酸酷與K下所述之特定聚甘油脂肪酸酯之混合物、 及山梨酵油酸酷(例如,SPAN*® 80)。這些乳化劑一般為 了使發泡楠造表面變成親水性而加入。然而,在這些乳化 <請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁) .裝 .訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揉準(CNS>子4規格(210x297公藿) 309433 經濟部中央搮準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(18 ) 劑之較水溶性姐份亦溶於存在於發泡構造之殘餘水,而且 可影W其表面張力,一般為降低之。這些油溶性乳化劑以 發泡重最之至少約0.5¾之重最而存在於發泡構造· 一般為 發泡重量之約0.5至約20!«之範圍,較佳為約5至約12% 0 D) 孔.度 可用以界定較佳之本發明壓扁之聚合發泡材料之替代特 點為孔度。發泡孔,特別是賴聚合圃繞相當無單體水相小 滴之含簞體油相而形成之孔,形吠經常為實質上球形。此 實質上球形孔之大小或"直徑"因此為特徴化本發明特定 較佳吸收發泡構造之另一經常使用之參數。由於在特定聚 合發泡實例之孔不必具有大約相同之大小,因此經常指定 平均孔度,即,平均孔直徑。 如同發泡密度,及毛细吸力表面積比,孔度為亦影礬本 發明吸收發泡材料之許多重要之機械及性能特點之發泡參 數。由於孔度有助於毛细吸力表面積比,其與發泡親水性 一起決定發泡之毛细力,因此孔度為可以直接影響發泡吸 收物之内流體毛细性霣之發泡構造參數,如同發生於發泡 構造內之毛细懕力。 許多技術可用K拥定發泡之平均孔度。這些技術包括已 知於此技S之水銀多孔性法。然而,測定發泡孔度之最有 用之技術涉及Μ發泡樣品之掃描霪子顯微鏡為主之簡單潮 量。例如,圖2顯示侬照本發明之典型ΗΙΡΕ發泡構造於其 膨脹狀態。重疊於顯微照Η為表示20微米大小之刻度。此 -20- 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家櫺準(CNS)f 4規格(210x297公藿) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝 經濟部t央樣準局員工消费合作社印製 Α6 Β6 五、發明説明(19 ) 刻度可用以經影像分析步驟而決定平均孔度。事實上,發 泡樣品之顧微照Η之影像方析為經常使用之分析工具,其 可用Κ決定發泡構造之平均孔度。此技術詳述於1988年 11月29日頒予之美國專利4,788,225 (愛德華等人)·其在 此併入作為參考。 在此所得之孔度測量為基於發泡於其膨脹狀態之黻量平 均孔度,例如,如圈2所示。用作為依照本發明之水性體 液吸收物之發泡具有約50微米或更少之數量平均孔度較佳 ,一般在約5至約50微米之範圍。數置平均孔度在約5至 約40微米之範圍更佳,約5至約35微米最佳。 在發泡之孔之大小或直徑可藉影響毛细吸力表面積比與 發泡密度之相同型式之發泡姐成與處理特點之變化而影響 及控制。對於較佳之ΚΗΙΡΕ為主之發泡,其主要包括決定 聚合發泡構造之ΗΙΡΕ乳液先質之水相小滴大小之因素。因 此,孔度可藉在混合時調整能量輸入•及用以形成Η ΙΡΕ乳 液之型式與量而變化。 Ε ) 蹈介,放奥 存在於懕扁之發泡構造之油溶性乳化劑可影響聚合物横 數本身,例如,如塑化劑。這些塑化劑之影響可為ΗΙΡΕ乳 液形成時加入乳化劑之结果,或者可能由於如後聚合親水 處理之结果之加入。輻乳化劑之塑化通常趨於降低聚合物 横數,因此降低發泡携造之膨脹壓力。其表示安定之壓扁 之發泡構造所需之毛钿壓力稍微減少。然而,塑化至太大 之程度亦為不希望的。例如,聚合發泡構造可塑化至發泡 -21- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)甲4规格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝 .訂 309433 經濟部中央標準局员工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(20 ) 被減弱’而巨不具有對於以下指定之壓縮彎曲特徵之抗力 之稈度。 ir .赚腊狀觞 A) 以合成屎飽和胳:> 密庥 未發明吸收發泡於其膨脹狀態之特別重要性質為以水性 體液飽和時之密度,相對吸收發泡於其壓扁狀態之乾燥基 礎密度。在Μ水性體液飽和時,瞄脹發泡之密度,相對其 於懕扁(壓縮)狀態之乾燥基礎密度,提供發泡於其膨脹 狀態之相當厚發泡之程度。其提供發泡在膨脹時與Μ水性 體液飽和時,發泡有多薄之特別相關程度。 為了本發明之目的,吸收發泡於其膨脹狀態之密度為在 其於88Τ (31.1 tM,Μ具有65 土 5達因/公分之表面張力 之合成尿飽和至自由吸收容1時而測量。發泡在Μ合成尿 飽合時於其膨脹狀態之密度,可藉在Μ下之試驗方法部份 所詳述之步驟而测最。發泡於其膨脹、飽和狀態測量之密 度然後Κ比例而有關發泡於其應扃狀態之乾燥基礎密度。 為了本發明之目的,發泡在Μ合成尿飽和至其自由吸收容 最時,於其膨脹之密度在約10至約503!之其於壓扁狀態之 乾煉基礎密度之範圃,較佳為在約10至約30S;之範圃,最 佳為約15至約25% 。 Β) 孔髁猪 孔體積為毎單位質量形成發泡構造之固體材料(聚合物 構造加任何殘餘之固體)的多孔性發泡檐造之開口或孔的 體積之測量。孔體積在影響吸收物之許多性能與機械特點 -22- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家櫟準(CNS)甲4规格(210X297公釐) {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝 .訂 A6 B6 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作杜印製 五、發明説明(21 ) 為重要的,特別是於其除脹狀態。此性能與櫬械特點包括 發泡對水性贈液之吸收力、發泡可撓性及發泡®縮膂曲特 微。 孔體積可藉得到構造之確實孔雅積之正確指示之任何適 當實驗方法而測定。此實驗方法通常涉及可引入發泡構造 之試驗液體之體積及/或質量之测最,並且因此為發泡開 孔佔據之髀積之代表。因此,發泡之孔體積亦可稱為、、可 得孔艄積"。 測定可得孔體積之一種習知方法實驗地涉及如2-丙酵之 低表面張力、非聚合物膨脹液體,在發泡構造之引入。使 用2-丙醇測定可得孔體積之步驟敘述於Μ下之試驗方法部 份。然而•應了解,替代試驗液體及步驟亦可用Μ測定可 得孔體積。 在此使用之吸收發泡之孔體積可藉調整許多發泡姐成輿 處理特點而影饗及控制。例如,使用較佳之ΚΗΙΡΕ乳液為 主之發泡,這些孔體積影響特點可包括ΗΙΡΕ乳液之油包水 比例、使用之水相電解質之型式與量、使用之油相乳化劑 之型式與最、進行發泡之清洗及/或稠化之後聚合步驟、 與此步驟後聚合發泡構造之回復程度。 本發明之發泡材料通常具有約12至約100毫升/克之孔 賭積,較佳為約20至約70毫升/克,最佳為約25至約50毫 升/克。此孔體積範圃意圃為本發明包含之發泡的理論孔 體積之"包括性〃定義。因此,如果合理地預期得到接近 理論孔體積之測量之任何實驗方法提供在Μ上範園內之值 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝 .訂 本紙張尺度適用中圔國家標準(CNS)甲4規格(210x297公着) A6 B6 經濟部中央樣準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(22 ) ,則藉任何此種方法而試驗之發泡材料在本發明之範圍内 0 〇 1S縮镫曲杭力 本發明之聚合發泡之重要櫬械特點為吸收發泡於其膨脹 狀態之強度,如其懕縮膂曲抗力所決定。發泡呈現之壓縮 膂曲抗力為聚合物彌性横數與發泡網路密度之函數。聚合 弾性模數由Μ下所決定:a)聚合姐合物;b)聚合發泡在處 理後殘留於發泡構造之殘餘物質,例如,乳化劑,塑化之 程度;及c)聚合發泡之條件。 用作為如尿布之吸收物品之吸收構造*本發明之吸收發 泡材料必須適當地抗在此吸收材料進行流體之吸收與保留 時,遭遇之力之變形或壓縮。關於臞縮彎曲抗力不呈現足 夠發泡強度之發泡可能在未負載條件下獲得及儲存可接受 最之體液,但是亦易於在含發泡吸收物品穿載者之動作與 活動造成之颳縮應力下放棄此流體。 本發明之聚合發泡呈現之壓縮顰曲抗力可藉測定在特定 固定聒力下保持一定時間•在飽和發泡材料樣品產生之變 形最而定最。為了本發明之目的,此測量可在標準大小( 0.25公分厚•並且具有6.5 cm2之横切圓形區域之圓柱體 )之發泡樣品完成。此樣品K具有65 土 5達因/公分之表 面張力之合成尿飽和,然後於88T (31.It)之溫度接受 5.1 kPa之固定壓力15分鐘。在此試驗產生之變形量K樣 品壓縮厚度呈現之飽和與完全膨脹樣品厚度之百分比而報 告。進行定量懕縮彎曲抗力之此特定型式試驗之方法詳述 f請先閲讀背面之注意事項再蜞寫本頁) 裝 .訂 -24- 本紙》尺度逋用中國國家楳準(CNS)甲4规格(210x297公釐) 309433 A6 B6 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作杜印製 五、發明説明(25 ) 於K下之試驗方法部份。 在此使用之吸收發泡呈現以5.1 k Pa之固定壓力*產生 已K具有65±5達因/公分之表面張力之合成尿飽和至其 自由吸收容悬之發泡構造的一般約2至約8 0¾壓縮之懕缩 彎曲抗力者。在此條件下之變形在約5至約40«之範圍較 佳,最佳為約5至約25X 。對於本發明之較佳HIPE發泡, 蹰縮彎曲抗力可藉單踊、共單體與交職劑型式之逋當選擇 *姐合逋當乳液形成與乳液聚合條件與技術之選揮,而調 整至在K上範園之變形值。因此,此較佳發泡可由具有大 到足Μ提供適當壓縮彎曲抗力之彌性模數之材料而形成, 即使此發泡為低密度並且具有非常细‘之支柱。 D) 白ΙΒ縮蠻曲之Ρ街 自壓縮彎曲之回復有關一片發泡材料,在製造、儲存或 使用時逋遇之力之下,變形或®縮後回復其原始大小之趙 勢或傾向。為了本發明之目的*較佳吸收發泡之自懕縮脊 曲之回復為於發泡之膨脹狀態並且含吸收之體液而測定。 因此,自壓縮彎曲之回復為於Μ合成尿胞和之膨脹發泡而 測定。 測定自壓縮彎曲之回復之缠當步驟敘述於以下之試驗方 法部份。此步驟通常涉及已Κ合成尿飽和至其自由吸收容 最之標準大小發泡樣品之懕縮與鬆弛。樣品在50S!壓縮下 維持固定時間*然後由壓縮而鬆弛。樣品在可得自由流賭 之存在下,於壓縮力禪放後1分鐘之時間回復其厚度之程 度,取為樣品自壓縮彎曲(彈性)回復傾向之測量。 {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝 .訂 本紙張尺度通用中國國家標準(CNS)肀4規格(210x297公爱·) 經濟f央櫺準局貝工消#合作社印製 A6 B6 五、發明説明(24 ) 本發明之較佳吸收發泡通常呈規在瀧潤1分鐘後至少 75%膨脹徑度之回復。此較佳發泡材料具有濕潤後至少 80¾之自®縮彎曲回復更佳。 I .限_戒瞅脹胩雜 A) 可镱桦 本發明之吸收發泡應充份可撓,使其可用於符合穿戴者 髖形之吸收產物。因此,吸收發泡之可撓特微表示瑄些發 泡可變形或彎曲至用於此吸收物品所需之程度,而對其構 造整艚性無爾大損害*或其吸收性質無重大損失。 本發明之較佳吸收發泡亦應充份可撓,以承受含此發泡 材料之吸收物品在製備、處理、包裝、埋送及儲存時遭遇 之臞縮或變形力。例如•丢棄式尿布通常Μ尿布核心在縱 向與横向方向摺疊之摺叠條件而包裝及上市。丟棄式尿布 通常亦以摺叠尿布之谁叠形式而上市,此堆叠被其周圃之 包裝所包含及懕縮。因此*發泡吸收物在處理與上市時接 受之懕縮與變形力甚至大於使用時施於發泡材料者。 除了吸收發泡遭遇之處理本性,本發明之較佳吸收發泡 材料呈現可藉參考其承受彎曲之能力而不發生足Κ損害其 構造整膊性,而定儀之可撓特微。在Κ下試驗方法部份所 敘述者為_指定大小之發泡樣品是否可Μ指定速率圍鏡圓 柱形心袖翬曲多少次而不破裂,而測量吸收發泡之可撓性 之步驟。本發明之較佳發泡為足夠可撓,使飽和發泡材料 在用作為體液之吸收物時,於88Τ (31.It)可接受此彎曲 試驗而不破裂,即,圼現至少一圈之彎曲值。較佳之發泡 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 *訂 -26- 本紙張尺度適用中困國家樣準(CNS)甲4规格(210X297公釐) 309433 A6 B6 經濟部中央櫺準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(25 ) 進行此試驗步睞時•可彎曲至少3次而不破裂更佳c B) 發泡輅髂桦及柔飲麻 雖然對於可搡作或有用之吸收構造之實行並非絕對重要 ,本發明之吸收發泡在使用時呈現_造整體性之額外機械 鼷性,及接觸之柔軟(無剌激性)較佳。例如*用於如嬰 兒尿布之發泡材料經常接受穿溅者走路、跑、爬或跳時S 生之動態與靜態力。此力不僅意圓懕縮吸收發泡及自其逐 出流體,此力亦意圓拉裂或撕裂或破碎發泡構造。顯然地 * Μ此方式而使用之發泡構造具有足構之發泡整體性· >乂 減少在使用時發泡撕裂或破碎之意外為有利的。 本發明之吸收發泡亦以其中發泡材料表面緊密接近或甚 至確實接觸穿戴者皮虜之姐態而用於吸收物品 > 如以下所 詳述。因此,非常希望吸收發泡之表面為可接受之柔軟及 對於觸感不刺激。 IV .流髁虚捆胆瞄收待锄 具有適當聚合姐合物及以上所述之構造特擻與機械特點 之吸收發泡通常圼規特別希望及有用之體液處理與吸收特 激。此流體處理與吸收特徴為使此發泡特別遘用作為•設 計Κ獲得及保持水性體液之吸收物品之吸收構造的較佳發 泡材料之麵性。 最有關逋當吸收發泡之實行之流體處理與吸收特微為: Α)發泡之自由吸收容最;Β)流體經發泡構造之垂直毛细速 率;C)發泡在特定參考毛细高度之吸收力;及D)吸收發泡 構造自發泡所接觸之競爭之吸收構造吸乾(分布)流體之 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝 .訂 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家橒準(CNS)甲4規格(210x297公釐) 經濟央標準局貝工消費合作杜印製 A6 _B6 五、發明説明(26 ) 能力。各特微詳述如下: A) 自由吸收容置 自由吸收容量為特定發泡樣品吸收至樣品每單位質量之 固體材料之孔狀構造内的試驗流體(合成最)之總量。此 自由吸收容量测量故意在平衡時計算•即*不論需要多少 時間|發泡樣品已獲得及/或保持所有流體,以形成以試 驗液體飽和之完全飽和發泡樣品之後。特別可用作為如尿 布之吸收物品的吸收構造之發泡材料至少符合最小自由吸 收容馕。 使用在K下試驗方法之部份所敘述之步驟,自由吸收容 最可藉重最分析技術而測量任何特定發泡樣品。在此技術 •地定已知大小及重量之發泡樣品置於試驗流體(合成尿 )之碟,並且吸收試驗流體至平衡。自流髓移除飽和樣品 後·計算每克發泡保持之流體鼉•即,測最之自由容量。 為了特別用於吸收尿之吸收物品,本發明之吸收發泡每克 乾煉發泡材料應具有至少約12,較佳為至少約20毫升之合 成尿。 B) 垂盲毛细性能 在此使用之吸收發泡之另一種處理龎性有闞其經發泡構 造而快速移動或"毛细"可接受量體液之能力。垂直毛钿 •即,Μ相對重力之方向之流體毛细•為有助在此之吸收 發泡材料之特別希望之性能。其乃因為此材料經常Κ被吸 收之流照必須在物品内•自物品吸收核心内之相對較低位 置移除至相對較高位置之方式,而用於吸收物品。 <請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 .訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)T4規格(210x297公:¢) 309433 A6 B6 經濟部令央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(27 ) 垂直毛油件能有關經發泡移動液體,並且保持於發泡携 堦之毛钿吸力驅動力之大小。有闊垂直毛细傾向之發泡特 激參數因此提供較佳發泡如何良好實行為吸收物品之吸收 構造之指示。對於本發明之發泡吸收物,流體毛细傾向可 賴參考垂直毛细速率試驗及垂直毛细吸收容量試驗而定量 Ο 1) 银首丰Iffl谀銮 垂直毛细速率試驗测量有色液體(例如,合成尿)在 3 7 t時,自儲器經指定大小之發泡試驗條毛细5公分之垂 直距離所花之時間。此垂直毛钿速率試驗詳述於以下之試 驗方法之部份。為了特別可用於吸收尿之吸收物品,本發 明之發泡吸收物在毛细合成尿(65±5達因/公分)時’ 具有不超過約20分鐮之5公分垂直毛细速率較佳°本發明 之較佳發泡吸收物在毛细合成尿時,具有不超過約5分鐘 之5公分垂直毛细速率更佳。 2) 垂亩丰:油瞄收衮昼 垂直毛细吸收容量試驗與垂直毛细速率試驗一起進行。 垂直毛细吸收容量測量毛细至用於垂直毛细速率試驗之相 同檷準大小發泡樣品的各1英时(2· 54公分)垂直切片之 每克吸收發泡之試驗流體量。此测定通常在樣品已垂直毛 佃試驗流體至平衡後(例如,18小時後)而進行。如同垂 直毛钿速率試驗,垂直毛细吸收容量試驗詳述於以下之試 驗方法之部份。 為了特別可用於吸收尿之吸收物品’本發明之較佳吸收 {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 裝 訂 -29- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家櫺準(CNS)甲4¾格(210x297公釐ΐ一" A6 B6 經濟*中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(28 ) 發泡通常具有在1 1 . 4公分(4 · 5英时)之垂直毛细高度, 發泡試驗條毛細至少約50« ,最佳為約7535之其自由吸收 容最之垂直毛细吸收容最。 C . 分布 吸收發泡構造經常與亦參與獲得、分布及/或儲存排出 之體液之其他型式之吸收構造用於吸收物品。在其中發泡 構造主要作為吸收物品之流體齡存/再分布姐件之情形, 希望此發泡具有由亦吸收此液體之其他吸收姐件拉體液至 發泡構造内之傾向。自其他吸收物品姐件吸乾流體之傾向 在此技蕤已知為11'分布〃。分布之槪念及測定分布性能之 特定步驟敘述於,例如· 1 986年9月9日頒予之美國專利 4,610,678(魏Η曼等人)。使用類似揭示於美國專利 4, (Π0,678之步驟而試驗分布係能時,本發明之吸收發泡 構造呈現特希望之流體分布特徴。 V .蹈扃夕躲合窈泡材料夕聰借 如前所示•依照本發明之臞扁之聚合發泡材料可藉具有 相當高之水相對油相比例之特定油包水乳液之聚合而製備 。具有這些相當高水對油相比例之此型乳液在此技拯已知 為高内相乳液("HIPEs" 或a HIPE"乳液)。由此乳液 之聚合而形成之聚合發泡材料在此稱為WHIPE發泡〃。 形成HIPE發泡構造之聚合物之化學本性、姐成及形態學 為藉用於HIPE乳液之單體、共單體與交聯劑型式與湄度、 及使用之乳液形成與聚合條件而测定。不論聚合材料之特 定單體姐成、分子量或形態學為何,生成之聚合發泡通常 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁> .裝 訂 本紙張尺度通用中國國家櫟準(CNS)甲4规格(210x297公;*) 309433 A6 B6 經濟舨中央櫺準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(29 ) 本件為黏彈性,即,發泡構造呈提黏性(即’似流體)性 質與彈件(即,似彈簧)性質。形成孔狀發泡構造之聚合 材料在使用之條件下,具有給予吸收發泡材料逋當之可撓 性、抗臁縮彎曲力、及大小安定力之物理、流變、及形態 學屬性亦為重要的。 用Μ形成HIPE乳液之水與油相之相對最,在其他參數中 ,對決定生成聚合發泡之構造、機械與性能性質為重要的 。特別地,在發泡形成乳液之水對油比例可影響發泡之發 泡密度、孔度、及毛细吸力表面積比*及形成發泡之支柱 之大小。用以製備本發明ΗΙΡΕ發泡之乳液通常具有範圍約 12:1至約100:1之水對油相比例,較佳為約20:1至約 70:1,最佳為約25:1至約50:1。 A . 油相Μ份 HIPR乳液之連纗油相包含聚合Μ形成固態發泡構造之單 髁。此單體姐份包括"玻狀〃單體、"橡膠狀〃共單體及 交聯劑。特定型式單官能基單體及共單體及多官能基交聯 劑及最之選擇*對具有使此材料逋用於本發明之構造、機 械、及流體處理性霣之所欲姐合的吸收Η ΙΡΕ發泡之實行為 重要的。 用於本發明ΗΙΡΕ乳液之油相之單體姐份包含一或多種趨 於給予生成聚合發泡構造似玻狀性筲之單官能基單趙。此 單體稱為、''玻狀〃單體,而且為了本發明之目的,定義為 產生高分子最(大於6000)同元聚合物之具有高於約4〇t! 之玻璃轉移溫度T«之單髏物質。瑄些單官能基玻狀單體型 -3卜 本紙度迷財aa家鮮類)甲4规格(21以297公») --- {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) *裝 訂 經濟却中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 A6 _B6__ 五、發明説明(5〇 ) 式包栝以甲基丙烯酸酯為主之單體(例如*丙烯酸甲酯) 及Μ笨乙烯為主之蜇膀(例如,笨乙烯)。較佳之單官能 基玻吠翬體型式為Κ苯乙烯為主之單體•笨乙烯本身為此 類之最佳單踊。亦可使用如Ρ -甲基笨乙烯之經取代,例如 ,簞取代,之苯乙烯。單官能基玻狀單艚一般包含約5至 約40重最之單體姐份,更佳為約10至約30¾ ,更佳為約 15至約25¾ ,最佳為約20:ϋ。 單踊姐份亦包含一或多棰趨於給予生成之聚合發泡構造 似橡膠性質之單官能基共單傾。此共單體稱為"橡膠狀" 共單體•而且為了本發明之目的,定義為產生具有約40 Τ: 或較低之玻璃轉移溫度之高分子量(大於10, 000)同元聚 合物之單體物質。此型單官能基橡膠狀共單體包括*例如 ,(:4-(:12烷基丙烯酸酯、(:0-(:14烷甲基丙烯酸酯、及此共 簞髀之姐合。這些共單體之中,丙烯酸正丁酯與丙烯酸 2-乙基己酯最佳。單官能基橡膠狀共單賭通常包含約30至 約80重最》:之單體驵份*更佳為約50至約70S;,最佳為約 55 至約 65!« 。 由於由玻吠單傾與橡膠狀共單糖形成之聚合物鐽為交聯 的,單體姐份亦含多官能基交聯劑。如單官能基單體與共 單體,特定型式之交瞄劑及最之選擇對具有所欲之構造、 機械、及流體處理性質之較佳聚合發泡之最終實行非常重 要。 視使用之單官能基單體與共單饉型式與量,而且更視生 成聚合發泡之所欲特微而定,多官能基交聯劑可選自廣泛 -32- 本紙張尺度適用中矚國家檁準(CNS>甲4规格(210x297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝 .訂 A6 B6 經濟«.中央標準局貝工消费合作杜印製 五、發明説明(51 ) 種類之多官能基單體,較佳為二官能基。因此,交聯劑可 為二乙烯基芳族物笛,如二乙烯基笨、二乙烯基甲苯或二 烯丙基酞__。或者•可使用二乙烯基脂族交聯劑’如 1,6 -己二酵及其同糸物之多元酵之二丙烯酸或二甲基丙稀 酸酯。被發現迪於製備較佳HIPE乳液之交聯劑為二乙烯基 苯。任何型式之交聯劑通常以單髁姐份重量之約1〇至約 40¾之最而用於發泡形成乳液之油相,更佳為約15至約 25¾ ,最佳為約20¾。 HIPE乳液之大部份油相包含上述之單體、共單賭與交聯 劑。這些顰體、共單艄與交聯劑實質上不溶於水,使其主 要溶於油相而非水相為重要的。此實質上不溶於水單體之 使用確定適當特徵與安定性之HIPE乳液可被實行。 當然,在此使用之單體、共單體與交·聯劑具有使生成之 聚合發泡為適當地非毒性及通當地化學安定之型式為非常 較佳的。這呰單體、共單艄與交聯劑在後聚合發泡處理及 /或使用時,如果Μ非常低之殘餘濃度而存在,應具有極 少或無毒性較佳。 油相之另一重要姐份為使安定Η ΙΡΕ乳液形成之乳化劑。 此乳化劑為溶於用Μ形成乳液之油相者。使用之乳化劑一 般為非離子性,而且包括山梨酵脂肪酸酯、聚甘油脂肪酸 酯、及其姐合。較佳乳化劑包括山梨酵月桂酸酯(例如’ SPAN® 20)、山梨酵油酸酯(例如,SPAN®* 80)、山梨醇 月桂酸酯與山梨酵棟櫚酸酯以約1 : 1至約3 : 1之重量比例 之姐合(例如,SPAN®» 40)、及山梨醇月桂酸酯與以下所 -33- 本紙張尺度遑用中國國家樣準(CN8)甲4规格(210X297公*) {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁> 裝 .訂 經濟部+央搮準局貝工消费合作杜印製 A6 _B6 五、發明説明(52 ) 述之特定聚甘油脂肪酸酯之特別姐合。 用以形成HIPE乳液之油相通常包含約67至約98重最之 單體姐份與約2至約33重啬X之乳化劑姐份。油相包含約 80至約95爾最%之單體組份與約5至約20重量$之乳化劑 姐份較佳。 除了單體與乳化繭姐份,油相可含其他之視情形姐份。 一稻此禰視情形油相姐份為以下所述一般型式之油溶性聚 合引發劑。另一可能之油相視情形姐份為單艄與乳化劑姐 份之實質上不溶於水溶劑。當然,此型溶劑必須不溶解生 成之聚合發泡。此溶_之使用不佳,但是如果使用此溶劑 ,通常包含不超過油相之約10重1¾ 。 B · 水相钡份 HIPE乳液之不連續内相為通常為含一或多種溶解姐份之 水溶液之水相。水相之一個重要溶解姐份為水溶性霄解質 。HIPE乳液之水相之溶解電解質用以減少主要為油溶性之 簞體與交聯劑亦溶於水相之傾向。據信,其在乳液之聚合 時,減少聚合材料充滿水相小滴形成之油/水界面之孔窗 之程度。因此,水相雷解質與生成離子強度之存在據信決 定生成之較佳聚合發泡是否為開孔及其程度。 可使用提供離子物種而給予水相黻子強度之任何罨解質 。較佳霣解質為單、二、或三價無機鹽,如水溶性鹵化物 ,例如,鹺金羼與鐮土金牖之氯化物、硝酸鹽及硫酸痛。 實例包括氯化納、氯化鈣、硫酸納及硫酸鎂。氯化鈣用於 本發明最佳。通常電解質K範園為水相之約0.2至約20重 ί請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填某本頁) 裝 ‘訂 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家標準(CMS)甲4規格(210X297公釐) 30S433 A6 B6 經濟邾中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(35 ) 最太之濃度而用於HIP E乳液之水相。電解霣包含約1至約 10重量《之水相更佳。 HIPE乳液一般亦含聚合引發劑。此引發劑姐份通常加入 Η I P E乳液之水相,而且可為任何習知水溶性自由基引發劑 。此塑物笛包括如通硫酸納、鉀及銨、過氧化氫、過乙酸 钠、過碳醃納等之過氣化合物。亦可使用習用氧化堪原引 發劑糸統。此糸統為賴混合以上過氧化合物與如亞疏酸納 、L-抗壊血酸或锇薷之通原劑而形成。 引發劑物質可包含基於存在於油相之可聚合單賵總箅耳 數達約5莫耳X 。引發劑包含基於存在於油相之可聚合單 體總奠耳數之約0.001至0.5莫耳!ί更佳。當用於水相時 ,此引發劑澹度可藉將引發劑加入水相基於水相重量為約 0.02¾至約0.4¾之程度而賞行,約0.IX至約0.2¾更佳。 C · 額水商1胆水会魏 形成壓扁之吸收發泡構造之交聯聚合物材料在其聚合構 造實質上無極性官能基較佳。因此,聚合步驟後,形成此 較佳吸收發泡之發泡構造表面之聚合物材料通常本性立即 為相當疏水性。因此,較佳之剛聚合發泡痛要使發泡搆造 表面相對地較親水性之進一步麾理,使此發泡可用作為水 性髁液之吸收物。如果需要,發泡表面之親水化通常藉由 在以下詳述之方法,Μ親水劑處理聚合之HIPE發泡構造而 完成。 親水劑為強化其所接觸及其所沈積之聚合表面水瀰潤性 之任何物質。親水劑已知於此技蕤’並且包括界面活性劑 {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝 -訂 -35- 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家標準(CNS)甲4规格(210X^297公) A6 B6 經濟部_央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(34 ) 物質,較佳為非離子型。親水劑通常以液髑形式而使用, 而且可溶解或分散於施布於HIPE發泡表面之親水性溶液。 在此方法,親水劑可Μ適於使此表面實質上親水性,但是 不改變發泡之所欲可撓性與臞縮鼙曲特微之量•而吸收於 較佳ΗΪΡΕ發泡構造之聚合表面。在已Κ親水劑處理之較佳 發泡|親水劑加入發泡構造•使保持發泡構造之殘量之劑 基於發泡載最在約0.5S:至約20Χ之範園,較佳為約5至約 \2% 〇 一型逋當之親水劑為非刺激性油溶性界面活性劑。此界 而活性劑包括所有以上所述用作為HI ΡΕ乳液之油相之乳化 劑者,如山梨酵月桂酸酯(例如· SPAN*® 20)、及山梨酵 月桂酸酯與K下所述之特定聚甘油脂肪酸酯之姐合。此親 水性界.面活性劑可在HIP E乳液形成及聚合時加入發泡·或 者可藉聚合發泡以界面活性劑溶解或分散於適當載膀或溶 劑之溶液或懸浮液之處理而加入。 需要加入HIPE發泡構造之另一物質為可水合之水溶性無 機鹽,較佳為可吸濕或潮解。此鹽包括,例如*毒物學上 可接受之鐮土金屬嫌。此型物質及其與作為發泡親水劑之 油溶性界面活性劑之使用詳述於1991年8月12日提出之美 國專利申_案序號07/743,951 ·此掲示在此併入作為參考 。此型較佳鹽包括鹵化鈣,如氛化鈣,其如前所示*亦可 用作為用Μ製備聚合發泡之HIPE乳液水相之電解質。 水合無櫬鹽可易於藉Μ此鹽之水溶液處理發泡而加入聚 合發泡。水合無櫬鹽之溶液通常可用以在自剛聚合發泡移 <請先閲讀背面之注意事項再墣寫本頁) .裝 .訂 -36- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家#本(CNS)甲4规格(210x297公釐)—" A6 B6 經濟部t央樣準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(35 ) 除殘餘水量完成後處理發泡,或為其一部份。發泡與此溶 液之接觴用K較佳地沈濺如氯化鈣之水合無櫬鹽,發泡重 最之至少約0.1S:之殘量* —般在發泡重霣之約0.1至約 85ί,較佳為約3至約6«。 相當疏水性之較佳發泡構造以親水劑聚合之癍理(有或 無水合薷)一般進行至必要而足夠給予本發明之較佳 ΗΙΡΕ發泡通當親水性之程度。然而,較佳ΗΙΡΕ乳液型式之 某些發泡可如製備之通當地親水性,而且可加入足夠量之 水合鹽,如此而不需W親水劑或水合鹽之額外處理。特別 地,此較佳ΗΙΡΕ發泡可為其中如山梨酵月桂酸酯(例如· SPAN®» 20)、或山梨酵月桂酸酯與以下所述之特定聚甘油 脂肪酸酯之姐合之山梨酵脂肪酸酿,用作為加入油相之乳 化劑,而且氯化鈣用作為HIPE乳液之水相。在此例,殘餘 含乳化劑内聚合發泡表面適當地親水性,而殘餘水相液體 含或沈《足夠量之氛化鈣,甚至在聚合發泡已被脫水後。 D . 揖剖HIPF:發泡夕虚理硌件 發泡製備一般涉及Μ下步驟:1)形成安定之高内相乳液 (HIPE); 2)在逋於形成固態聚合發泡構造之條件下•聚合 /固化此安定乳液;3)清洗固態聚合發泡構造,以自聚合 發泡構造移除原始殘餘水相,而且如果霱要,Μ親水劑及 /或水合_處理聚合發泡構造,Κ沈澱任何所需之親水劑 /水合鹽,及4)然後將此聚合發泡媾造脫水(包括在ζ -方 向之鼦縮較佳)至所需程度,以提供用作為水性體液吸收 物之颳扁、未膨脹聚合發泡材料。 <請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝 -訂 *37- 本紙張尺度遑用中國國家揲準(CNS)T4規格(210x297公釐)一 A6 B6 經濟扁中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(46 ). 術而製造,但是以一或多種本發明發泡構造取代或補充一 般用於習知尿布之木漿孅維網(“airfelt")或經修改雄 維素核心。本發明之發泡構造因此可K單蘑,或如上所述 ,以各種多蹰核心姐態而用於尿布。丟棄式尿布形式之物 品更詳细地敘述於1967年1月31日頒予之美國專利 26.151 (丹肯等人);1971年7月13日頒予之美圃專利 3,592,194(丹肯);1970年1月13日頒予之美困專利 3, 489,148(丹肯等人);1975年1月14日頒予之美國專利 3,860,003 ;及]989年5月30日頒予之美國專利 4,8 3 4,7 3 5(阿霜萬尼等人);其均併人作為參考。 本發明之較佳丟棄式尿布具體實施例描述於圖式之圖5 。此尿布包括吸收核心50,其包含上流體獲得層51>及包 含本發明吸收發泡構造之下流拥儲存/分布曆52。頂片 53重叠及共延伸於核心之一面*而液體不滲透墊片5 4重叠 及共延伸於相對頂片覆蓋面之核心面。墊Η具有大於核心 之寬度最佳| Κ提供延伸超過核心之墊片側邊部份。尿布 Μ表玻璃而構成較佳。 使用本發明吸收發泡梅造之另一較佳型式之吸收物品包 含如訓練内德之形式合身產品。此形式合身物品通常包括 形成短裤或内辣形式之底盤之非继*可撓基質。依照本發 明之吸收發泡構造然後可固定於此底盤之大腾交叉區域, Κ作為吸收"核心〃。此吸收核心經常為Μ封包姐織或其 他液髂可滲透、非嫌材料過度繾繞。此核心過度繾繞因此 而作為形式合身吸收物品之a頂Η〃 。 {請先閲讀背面之注意事项再填窝本頁) .裝 .訂 -48- 本紙張尺度逋用中覼a家樣準(CNS)甲4規格(210X297〃^!~ A6
五、發明説明(47 ) 經濟都中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 形成形式合身物品之底盤之可撓基質包含布或紙或其他 棟類之非细基筲或成形膜,而且可為彌性或可拉伸的。此 訓練内裤物品之腿環或腰瑁可Μ習知方式而彈性化,以改 良物品之合身。此基筲通常藉處理或塗覆其表面,或藉Κ 另一種相當液體不滲透基質踵合此可撓基質,而相當液體 不滲透性,或者至少不易液體滲透,而使總底盤相當液體 不漤透性。在此情形,底盤本身作為形式合身物品之、、墊 片"。此類之典型訓練内裤產品敘述於1986年10月28曰頒 予之美阈專利4,6 19,649(羅伯斯),其併入作為參考。 丢棄式訓練內褲產品之典型形式合身物品示於圔示之圖 B 。此產品包含藉由沿其週邊區之黏附而固定於襯墊層 61之外阍60。例如,内襯墊61可沿一腿環區域62、沿另一 滕環區域63、及沿腰環區域64之週邊而固定於外曆60。固 定於物品大賊交叉區域為包含本發明吸收發泡橋造之大致 長方形核心6 5。 試酴右沣 在敘述本發明,討論ΗΙΡΕ發泡吸收構造之許多特徴。在 報告之處,這些特激可使用Κ下試驗流體及試驗方法而測 定。
I)就除褅髁辑發泡樣品製I A) Μ Κ淹拥-合成尿 在試驗所述之許多測最涉及如合成尿、乙酵、或2_丙醇 (異丙酵)之試驗流驩之使用。用於以下所述之許多試驟 之合成尿為由hy C〇藥學公司(梅克尼斯堡’賓州’ -49 — 本紙張尺度遑用>國國家樣準(CNS)甲4規格(210x297公*) {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝 -訂 309433 A6 B6 經濟*中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(48 ) 17055)製造之商業可得合成尿製品而製造。由製品而製造 之此 Jayco 合成尿包含 KC】,0.2»:; Na2S04, 0.2:«; NfUH2P(U, 0.085S:; (NH4)2HP〇4, 0.015%; CaCUIfUO, 0.0253:;及 MgCl2*6H20, 0.0556(½ 量《)。合成尿樣品依照 檷籤指示使用蒸餾水而製備。為了助於溶解· Jay co鹽混 合物緩慢地加入水中。如果需要移除任何顆粒,則遇濾樣 品。任何未使用之合成尿在一遇後丟棄。為了改良流體之 可見度*毎公升合成尿溶液可加入5滴藍色食物色素。使 用之Jayco合成尿具有65±5逹因/公分之表面張力。 B) 發__泡樣品製備_ 許多Μ下之試驗涉及特定大小發泡樣品之製備與試驗。 除非另有指示,所需大小之發泡樣品應使用尖銳之往復式 刀锯而自大塊發泡切割。此同等型式發泡切割裝置之使用 用Κ實質上排除樣品邊緣毛邊,其可能對進行以下所述之 許多試驗步驟而完成之某些測量有負面之衝擊。 樣品大小之規格通常亦包括樣品徑度或厚度之大小。為 了本發明之目的,徑度或厚度測量應在發泡樣品於0.05 ps丨(350 Pa)之固定懕力下完成。發泡密度與乾煉重最之 所有测量通常在發泡樣品已以水澝洗及乾煉後,如下所述 ,而進行。 I )發泡夕袢舊、特酤或待》夕淛宙 A. S扁狀態1) mmm -h 此試驗直接測量臞扁發泡之儲存能最。懕扁發泡之儲存 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再蜞窝未頁) 裝 .訂 -50- 本紙張尺度適3一+钃國家橾承 1CNSj <f 4規格T210X 297公釐)~~ 經濟«中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 A6 B6 五、發明説明(49 ) 能最在其以太於其自由吸收容量之水最浸濕時釋放。在完 伞濕溜發泡被呢縮力保持於其壓扁之徑度(厚度)時測量 膨脹懕力。 為了進行此試驗,使用街床小心地切開懕扁發泡之直徑 23.8毫米圓柱膊。使用應變計(例如,011〇-5〇1{1^»<〇(^1 EG-225型)測量此切割樣品之徑度至最接近0.005奄米。 在實行應力釋放試驗時,使用具有可保留液«之平行板姐 合件之流變計RSA II型。此平行板姐合件包含具有内徑 29毫米之圓柱槽、與直徑25毫米之圓形構件之頂板之底杯 板0 切割、乾煉之樣品置於底杯板之槽内•並且在頂板之画 形構件對中。全部姐合件/樣品然後在88 T (31 . 1TM平衡 g少10分鐘,頂板調整成位於切割樣品上,具有約10克之 力。流變計RSA II型設計為0.5S!之應變,於88°F(31.1t: )進行應力釋放試驗。監測應力為時間之函數時,具有溫 度88°F(:U.ltn之足夠之水Μ注射器快速加入底板,K確 定切割樣品之完全飽和(例如,3毫升於1秒鐘)。加入 水之後,切割樣品在試國膨脹時施於板之懕力記錄至少 15分鐘;在5分鏞之值記錄為切剌樣品之膨脹壓力。 2) 毛拥瞄力宪而穑hh 發泡之毛细吸力表面積比可由已知低表面張力之試驗液 體之平衡重量上升而测定。在此情形·使用無水乙酵(閃 點為l〇t:)。 為了進行此試驗,逋當大小(例如,235公分長X2公 (請先閱讀背面之泣意事項再瑱寫本頁) .裝 .訂 本紙張尺度適用t國國家橾筚(CNS)甲4規格(210x297公釐) 309433
A6 B6 五、發明説明(50 ) 分寬X 0 . 2 5公分厚)之皮重發泡樣品條在2 2 士 2 t:平衡。 垂直安置•而且使用實驗夾而將一端溲於乙酵儲器1-2毫 米。乙酵被毛钿至發泡條至平衡高度,其應小於樣品長度 。含乙酵條然後稱重以測定總乙醇上升之重虽。在此步驟 ,樣品應Μ例如封口玻璃茼遮蔽,K防止乙轉蒸發。乙酵 然後自發泡樣'品蒸發,其然後Μ水清洗、乾燥及稱重。 發泡樣品之表面積比可由下式而計算:
So=MeGLn
一請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟«t央標準局工消费合作社印製 其中SQ=毛畑吸力表面積比,ca^/gm; Μ·=乙酵之.液體質 最上升,gras ; G=重力常數,其為980公分/ sec2 ; U = 濕潤樣品之畏度,公分;Mn=乾燥餐品之質董》克;及7 ·=乙酵之表面張力,其為22. 3達因/公分。所得之值然後 除以1 0000 cm2/ffl2M提供毛细吸力表面樓比於n2/g 3) 發泡密麻 可用Μ澜定發泡密度之一種步驟敘述於ASTM方法 D3574-86 *試驗A ,其主要設計Μ試烟[胺甲酸乙酯.發泡, 但是亦可用以測量本發明之較佳ΗΙΡΕ型發泡之密度。特別 地,依照此AS ΤΜ步驟而進行之密度測量在已以如此試驗所 述之方式而預先調節之發泡樣品進行。 ^ 密度為藉由在22 士 2 t:測霣特定發泡樣品之乾煉霣量( K水清洙及乾嫌後)及其涠積而測定。在較大發泡樣品之 體積測定為由在不固定懕力下完成之樣品大小測量而計算 。較小發泡樣品之大小可使用針盤型量規使用350 Pa ( -52- 本紙張尺度遑用中鼸08家櫟準(CNS)甲4規格(210X297公釐) 裝 309433 A6 B6 經濟*中央樣準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(51 ) 0.0 5 psi)之針盤鯽而測1。 密度計箄為毎單位體積之霣鼉。為了本發明之目的’密 度通常表示為g/'CB3。 B . 昧脯狀裤 \) h[会成尿物和時之箝麻 在此測最,發泡樣品在88°F(31.1t:)以Jayco合成尿飽 和至其自由吸收容最。在此完全膨脹狀態測量腰植,而且 在Μ水清洗及乾煉後測量樣品之乾燥質躉。以合成尿飽和 之密度如此計算為每湄潤髁積之乾嫌質霣,表示為s/cm3 Ο 2) 可用孔髂穑 測定可用孔髏積之步驟涉及引入吸收發泡樣品構造之 2-丙酵(閃點12t:)之最之測II。用以完成此測量之裝置 及材料在22 士 2t:平衡。测盪亦在此溫度賞行。 乾嫌發泡樣品切成1 ίη2(6.5 cm2)圓形表面積X 0. 1英 时(0.25公分)厚圚柱賭或同等物。此圓柱體樣品可使用 直徑1.1 3英时(2. 87公分)之尖銳衡床於0.1英时( 0.25公分)之發泡片而製備。乾燦發泡(K水澝洗及乾嫌 後)各種重以測备平均乾重(DW)。 這些樣品之測量自由容量然後如以下步驟而測定: a) 發泡樣品於结晶磲浸潰於2 -丙酵以飽和。此時,樣品 可擠壓數次以排出空氣。 b) 然後不搞出2 -丙酵而移除各樣品。在平坦之位置,過 曇之流體滴出樣品約30秒。各樣品然後濕濶稱重以测定濕 -5 3 _ 本紙張尺度遑用令國國家«準(CNS)甲4规格(210x297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁) 裝 .訂 A6 B6 經濟部f央標準局員工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(52 ) 重(W W)。 c )重複步驟a )與b )阐次,並且計算平均湄重(W W ° 測最自由容最(MFC ,克/克)為飽和發泡之每單位質 最乾燦發泡之2-丙酵重最。MFC依照下式而計算 [WW(g)-Dtf (g)] MFC ----- DW (g) 可得孔艄積然後賴由K發泡之2-丙醇之MFC除以2-丙酵 之密度(0_785克/毫升)而計算。 3) IB煽»曲杭力 為了本發明之目的,懕縮彎曲抗力可藉测霣已Μ合成尿 飽和及完全膨脹,在Κ0.74 psi(5.1 kPa)固定壓力形式 之應力胞於樣品後之發泡樣品產生之變形量(徑度減少S: )而定最。 用K完成測最之發泡樣品、Jayco合成尿及装置均平衡 至8 8 T (3 3 . 1 t:)之溫度。測量亦在此溫度實行。 於其壓縮狀態之發泡樣品以Jayco合成尿飽和至自由吸 收容畺。2分鏟後,具有1 in2(6.5 era2)圓形表面積之圓 柱髁切成飽和、完全膨脹發泡。適於進行徑度测量之針盤 型虽規製於樣品。可使用装有具有至少1 in2 (6.5 cm2)圓 形表面積之腳,而且可測fi徑度大小至0,001英吋( 0.025毫米)之任何霣規。此量計之實例為Anes 482型 (Ames公司;華盛,MA)或 Ono-Sokki EG-225型( Οηο-Sokki有限公司;日本)。 -54- 本紙張尺度適用中國家標準(CNS)甲4规格(210x297公釐) {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁> .裝 .訂 309433 A6 B6 經濟^^央楳準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(53 ) 然後豳力於黼•使濾網上之飽和發泡樣品接受0.74 psi (5.1 kPa)之固定颳力15分鐘。在此時間结束時,使用 針盤型最規量應用固定懕力而必然發生之樣品徑度之改變 。由起初及最終徑度測量,可以計算樣品之引發之變形Si Ο 4) 白1B鏞蠻曲之向街 為了試驗自颳縮彎曲之回復,使用類似為了壓縮彎曲抗 力試驗(參見K 11(B)(3))而製備之發泡樣品。 使用針盤型馕規,在881^(31.1^)以Jayco合成尿飽和 至其自由吸收容量之試驗樣品在10秒内壓縮至其原始厚度 之50% ,並且維持壓縮狀態1分鐘。然後釋放壓力,在擠 出流艄之存在下發泡回復1分鐘。回復S;為基於未壓縮發 泡之原始高度。 C · 限扁或胺隖狀繾 1) 可楢件 發泡可撓性可鞴參考用以測定圓形有櫬聚合發泡產物可 撓性之ASTH D 3574-86 · 3.3試驗而修改之試驗步驟而定 最。此經修改試驗使用7X0.8X0.8公分之發泡樣品,其 * 在88Τ(31.ΐυ)以Jayco合成尿飽和至其自由吸收容量。 用以製進這些樣品之切割步嫌不在發泡條引起邊緣缺陷為 重要的。以合成尿飽和之發泡條K 5秒中1圈之均匀速率 彎曲於0.8公分直徑圖柱形心轴•直到接觸到條之末端。 如果在此試驗時並未撕裂或破裂•即•如果通過一圈«曲 ,則發泡被視為可撓。 {請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填宵本頁) ,裝 訂 - 5 5 - f紙痦;Ot遑用中國ΐ袁揉準(CNS) T4規格(210x297^釐) A6 B6 經濟部f'·央揉準局員工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(54 ) D . 流8§虚捆楛淋> 澜宙 1 ) 白由鸱收茲# 在此試驗,發泡樣品在88°Γ(31·ΐυ)Μ』3Υ(;ο合成尿飽 和。然後使用以上可得孔體積用11(B)(2)所述之相同步驟 以測最無負載(自由)吸收容量。 2) 银首毛钿涑銮好番亩主佣昽收兹噩 垂直毛細速率及垂直毛细吸收容量為乾嫌發泡自儲器垂 直毛細流照之測最。測量流賭前端經5公分垂直長度之發 泡條毛细所需之時間而得垂直毛细速率。流髓毛细至其平 衡高度後*測定發泡條在特定垂直毛细高度(例如,4 . 5英 吋或Π.4公分)保持之流體量而得垂直毛妞吸收容量。 在以下方法使用K藍色食物色素染色之Jayco合成尿W 測定垂直毛细速率及垂直毛细吸收容量。在此試驗步驟, 材料於37T:平衡,而且試驗在相同之溫度實行。 大約70公分長X2公分寬X0.25公分厚之發泡條垂直支 撐•一端浸入合成尿之儲器1至2毫升。液體毛细至發泡 條至其平衡高度(例如,約1 8小時),其應小於發泡長度 。在此步驟,樣品應Μ例如封口之玻璃筒遮蔽,K防止蒸 發° 使用毛细5公分所需之時間作為垂直毛佃速率之測量。 平衡濕重可被記錄及用以計算黏附張力,如Μ下所述。 樣品快速移除並且置於非吸收表面,其在此使用尖銳到 足Μ不懕缩發泡樣品之工具而切成1英吋(2.54公分)片 。各片稱重,以水清洗,乾燥然後再稱重。計算各片之吸 t請先閲讀背面之注意事項再墣寫本頁) 裝 訂 -56- 本紙張足度ϋ中國鷗家揉準(CNS)甲4規格(210 X 297公釐)~ 309433 A6 B6 五、發明説明(55 ) 1 收容最。樂中於4 . 5英时(11 . 4公分)毛细高度之1英吋 片段之吸收容曇為最希望測定之參數。 3) 黏附稱力 經毛细吸力而浸潰試驗流髏之親水發泡樣品呈現之黏附 張力為試驗流艄之表面張力7乘以接觸發泡樣品内表面的 試驗流賵呈現之接觸角β之餘弦之積。鈷附張力可藉測霣 兩個相同發泡試驗樣品使用兩種不同試驗液髁而呈現之毛 细吸力之平衡重ϋ上升而實驗地測定。在此步驟之第一步 ,使用乙酵作為試驗流厢而如以上毛细吸力表面積比之 I T (A )(2 )所述而測僱發泡樣品之表面積比。 然後以乙醉步驟之相同方法重複毛细吸力上升步驟*除 了:⑻使用Jayco合成尿作為試驗流體;(b>試驗在37PC進 行;及(〇使用S 70公分長X 2公分宽X 0 · 25公分厚之發泡 條。合成尿之接觸角然後如下而由已知表面,積比與尿 上升數據而計算: ;
(請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁) 裝 .訂 經濟$央樣準局Λ工消费合作杜印製 其中Ou =合成尿之接觸角度數;M,; = Jayco合成尿液體上升 之質量克數;G =重力常數,其為980公分/ sec2 ; MN=乾 煉發泡樣品質最克數;7 u = JayC0尿之表面張力*其為〜 65達因/公分;Sc=乙酵上升步驟測定之發泡樣品表面積 比c m 2 / g m ;及L N =濕潤發泡樣品之長度公分。 當存在界面活性劑(於發泡樣品表面及/或前進試驗液 體)時•前進液賴前端之特微為應用黏附張力(AT)方程式 -57- 本Λ»Λ度通用中困圔家樣準(CNS)甲4规格(210X297公釐) 五、發明説明(56 ) 而定義: AT:MtGLn
A6 B6 經濟夬搮準局貝工消费合作社印製 其中Μτ為發泡樣品之試驗液體上升質量,G、U、Mm、及Sc 如前所定義。參見[胡德生與伯格,J. Col L Int. SjiL, , 121(1) , 1988,第 22-31 頁]。 在測定特定試驗液體之黏附張力時,並未假設立即表面 張力數值,使毛细時之樣品表面之界面活性劑濃度及/或 前進液照可能改變為不重要的。K最大黏附張力(其為試 験液體表而張力)之百分比而覼之時,黏附張力(7 cos 0)之實驗值特別有用(例如,使用Jayco合尿之最大黏 附張力為[65士 5] [cos 0° =65士 5達因/公分)。 ΕϋΕ_分析_方法 Α. 界而祸力(TFT)方法(掄鱅滴1 "V IFT可使用Kruss SITE 04旋轉滴張力計或在相同原理 下搡作之任何等旋轉滴張力計而測最。旋轉滴IFT方 一般說明參見凱雅斯等人,在界面之趿收,米塔爾編輯, ACS論集糸列8(1975),第234-47頁,及艾夫雅等人, J C h e m. Soc. F a r a d a v Trans. » 第 1 卷(1981),第 21 5 5-68頁。在各IPT測霣,一滴含PGE(—般~為5微升) 之油相注射至張力計之旋轉毛细管,其含預先平衡至501: 之水相。管之旋轉速率蝤至足以伸長滴成圚柱形,使其畏 度:直徑比例大於4 : 1 。伸長之滴在50 t:乎衡,直到逹到 平衡(即•滴之直徑不再改變)或直到大約經過30分鐘。 (犄先閲讀背面之注意事項再塡寫本頁} .裝 .訂 本紙張尺度遴用中國國家樣準(CNS丨甲4规格(210x297公釐) 309433
經濟部f央樣準局貝工消费合作社印¾ 五、發明説明(57 ) > 伸長之滴具有均勻直徑(除了在半球端)而且其與水溶液 之界面實質上無沈積物質及/或較小滴。如果不是如此* 則實筲上無沈積之伸長滴區具有大於4:1之長度:直徑比 例,而且選擇最小直徑(如果存在不同直徑之區域)Μ测 最。界面張力(7)由測量之半徑(「,面柱尨直徑之1/2. )、角速度(⑴;27Γη,其中η為管之轉動頻率)、及油相 與水相間之密度差(Δρ),使用下式而計算: 7=0.25 γ3Δρ ω2 藕測最卍辛酵與水之間之I FT (在20C為8 . 5達因/公分) 而定期地檢査此系统之計箄.。 » 用於這呰測最之油相一般藉將份PGE加入100份含苯 乙烯、二乙烯基苯(553:技術级)及丙烯酸2 -乙基己酯κ 2:2:6重啬比例之單賭混合物而製備。此混合物櫬械地播 拌K進行PGE之溶解。此油相混合物在周園溫度靜置夜 ,以沈降不溶解或沈澱出溶液之材料(一般為自由聚甘油 )。離心後,自沈積物分離上清液。使用上清液並且Μ¥ 外之單雅混合物稀釋(如果需要•則依序)而產生.具有低 灌度之乳化劑溶液。Κ此方式•可製備具有範酾約9Χ至 〇.01«或更低之名義PGE濃度之溶液。用於此測量之水相 為溶解CaCU · 2Η20於蒸皤水而製備之氛化鈣0.90Η水溶 液(pH大約 6)。 藉由改變PGE於油相之漉度達至少3!K而進行一系列之 IPT测最。賴IPT值為油相PGE潇度之函歟之對數-對數 圖而畫出平滑曲線。然後由曲線而估計最小IFT值。
本紙張尺度遴用中國8家揉準(CNS)甲4規格(210x297公釐J (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝 .訂 經濟部中央揉準局貝工消费合作社印製 A6 ____B6_ 五、發明説明(58 ) 聚甘油於樣品之分布可賴毛细超臨界流醱曆析而測定。 參見卻斯特等人,.1. High Rps. Chrom. & Γ-Ηγοιβ. C_.ul.,第9卷(1986),第178頁以下。在此方法,樣 品之聚甘油藉與雙(三甲基矽烷基)-三氟乙釀胺之反懕而 轉化成各三甲基矽烷基醚。分離三甲基矽烷基醚然後使用 火馅游雛偵檢法之毛细超臨界流髓層析而定量。三甲基砂 烷基醚自聚二甲基矽氧烷固定相K增加分子悬之次序而流 出。藉連接超臨界流體層析於質譜儀而建立尖峰之證明。 聚甘油物稱之相對分布由層析圃之尖峰面積而計算。假設 火馅游離偵檢法同樣反應樣品之所有聚甘油物棰而計算重 最3:。 c. im昉醏细合物(FAd 自由脂肪酸或脂肪酸酯樣品之脂肪酸姐合物可藉高解析 度毛细管氣相層析而測定。參見迪阿隆入等人,J . Am.,. Oil. Chea. Sqc.> 第 58 卷(1981),第 215 頁以下。在此 方法,樣品之脂肪醸轉化成脂肪酸甲酯•其然後藉高解析 度毛细管氣相層析與火焰游《偵檢法而分鏞及定量。毛细 管柱固定相(安定之聚乙二酵)依照鍵長與未飽和程度而 分離甲酯。藉由比較已知脂肪酸欏準品而建立尖峰之證明 。脂肪酸物種之相對分布由層析圔之尖峰面穫而計算。假 設火焰游難偵檢法同樣反應樣品之所有脂肪酸物種而計算 爾量。g m (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} -裝 .訂 -60- 本紙張尺度適用t國國家櫺準(CNS)甲4规格(210x297公釐) 309433 A6 ---B6 經濟部申央樣準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(59 ) 限扁HTPR吸收發泡之製備、此膣_發泡之特徵與這些應 扁之吸收發泡在丟棄式尿布之使用均描述於以下實例。 奮例ί 此實例描述在本發明範圃内壓属ΗΙΡΕ發泡之製備。 乳_液製胤. 無水氣化鈣(36.32公斤)及遇硫酸鉀(568克)溶於 378公升之水。其攞供用於形成ΗΙΡΕ乳液之連鑛法之水相 流0 在包含苯乙烯(1600克)、二乙烯基苯55$技術鈒( 1600克)、及丙烯酸2 -乙基己酯(4800克)之單髓姐合加 入山梨酵月桂酸酯( 960克之SPAN® 20)。混合後,此材 料姐合沈降過夜。抽取上濟液作為用於形成HIPE乳液之連 績法之油相。(拋棄約75克之黏狀殘渣)。 在48-5 0T 之水相溫度與22C之油相溫度,油相與水相 之分離流進料至動態混合装置。藉銷推進器而得經動態混 合裝置中混合流之混合。在此搡作規模,適當之銷推進器 包含長度約21.6公分,直徑約1.9公分之圓柱軸。軸保持 4列銷,2列具有1 7個銷而2列具有1 6個銷,各具有直徑 0 . 5公分及自軸之中心軸向外延伸1 · 6公分之長度。銷推 進器安裝於圓柱形外套,其形成動態混合装置,而銷自圆 柱形外套之壁具有0.8毫米之間隙。 螺旋靜態混合器安装於動態混合装置下游,以提供動態 混合器之反®,及提供改良之姐份至最终形成乳液内之加 入。此靜態混合器為14英吋(35.6公分)長及0.5英时( -61 - 本紙張尺度遒用中國國家標準(CNS)甲4规格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁> 裝 .訂. Α6 Β6 經濟«中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(60 ) 1 . 3公分)之外徑。靜態混合器為TAH工業070 - 82 1型, 切下2 . 4英时(6 .]公分)而修改。 姐合之混合装置構成以2份水對1份油之比例充滿油相 及水相。動態混合装置排氣以使空氣散逸而完全充滿装置 。充滿時之流速為油相1.127克/秒及水相2.19 cm3 /秒 Ο 一旦充滿裝置構成,在動態混合器開始攪拌|推進器Μ 1800 RPM轉動。水相之流速然後經過130秒之時間穩定地 楢至35.56 cm3 /秒之速率。此時動態與靜態混合器之反應 為7.5 PSI(51.75 kPa)。推進器速度然後經過60秒之時間 穗定地降至1200 RPM之速度。反壓下降至4.5 PSI(31.05 kPa)。此時,推進器速度增至1800 RPM。糸統反懕然後保 持固定於 4.5 PSI(31.05 kPa)。 乳液之1.合.. 此時自靜態混合器流動之形成乳液收集於Rubber Ba id經 濟冷凍食物儲存盒,3500型。這些盒由食物级聚乙烯構成 ,而且具有18” X 26” X 9'’( 45 · 7公分X 66公分X 22.9公分 )之名義大小。這些盒之真賁内部大小為1 5 ” X 23 ” X 9 "( 38.1公分X 58.4公分X 22. 9公分)。這些盒K包含20¾之 SPAN*® 20於二甲苯與2-丙酵之等重置溶劑混合物之溶液 之膜預先處理。此溶劑混合物蒸發而僅留下SPAN®» 20。 在各盒收集47公升之乳液。 含乳液之盒維持65 t保持於室内18小時,以在盒内發生 乳液之聚合而形成聚合發泡。 -62- 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家搮準(CNS)甲4规格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁) .裝 .訂 經濟央樣準局貝工消费合作社印製 A6 ____B6_ 五、發明説明(61 ) 發泡清洗與脫水 固化完成後,濕濶之固化發泡自固化盒移除。此時之發 泡含聚合材料電馕之約30-40倍(30-40X)之含溶解乳化劑 、霄解質及引發劑之殘餘水相。發泡K尖銳之往復式鋸片 切成徑度0.350英时(0.89公分)之片。這些片然後接受 一系列之3紺輥之懕縮,其逐漸滅少發泡之殘餘水相含量 至聚合材料重量之大約6倍(6X)。此時,片然後在60*CK 1¾ CaCU溶液飽和,然後再於紺搞成約10X之水相含董。 琨在含約10X實質上U 〇3(:丨2溶液之發泡片通《裝有真 空槽之最終紺。最後之钳減少CaCl2溶液含量至聚合物重 最之大約5倍(5X)。發泡在最終紺後保持徑度約〇 . 080英 吋(0.2公分)之壓縮。發泡然後在設定於60C之空氣循 •環烤箱乾燦大約3小時。此乾燦減少水份含量至聚合材料 之約5-7重最% 。此時,發泡片具有約0.075英时( 0.19公分)之徑度,而且非常柔軟。發泡亦含約11重量X 之殘餘山梨酵月桂酸醋乳化劑與約5重量Χ(無水基礎)之 殘餘水合氡化鈣。在懕扁狀態,發泡之密度為約0.17克/ cm3 。於Jayco合成尿膝脹時,其自由吸收容量為約 30.2奄升/克。膨脹發泡具有約2.24 I2/克之毛细吸收表 面積比,約31毫升/克之孔體積,約15微米之數量平均孔 度,約35達因/公分之黏附張力,及約26.7奄升/克或其 約88!«自由吸收容量之垂直吸收容量。 【-例[ 使用圖7所示之膨脹與破裂描述之姐態與姐件而製備丢 {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝 •訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家櫟举(CNS)甲4規格(210X297公釐) A6 B6 經濟央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(62 ) 棄式尿布。此尿市包含熱黏聚丙烯頂片70、流體不滲透聚 乙烯墊Η 7 1、及位於頂片與墊Η間之雙層吸收核心。雙曆 吸收核心包含經修改表玻璃形、位於修改表玻璃形流體獲 得醑7 3之下之包含實例I型式之懕扁ΗΙΡΕ發泡之流體儲存 /再分布»72。頂Η含具有弹性之兩個實質上平行陣壁越 部反褶條74。固定於尿片墊片為兩酒長方形彈性化腰環構 件75。亦固定於聚乙烯墊片各端為兩個聚乙烯構成之腰部 遮蔽構件76。亦固定於墊片為兩個平行瞇部彈性條77。聚 乙烯Η78固定於墊Η之外側,作為可用Μ緊固尿布於穿戴 者之兩ΗΥ帶形片79之如所示之緊固表面。 尿布核心之獲得曆包含加強、杻曲、捲曲纖維素继維與 習知非加強纖維素孅維之9 2!«/ 8 »:濕降混合物。加強、扭 曲、捲曲纖維素嫌維由南方軟木牛皮紙漿(Foley棉毛)而 製成•其已與麩胺醛交聯至基於纖維纖維素水合葡萄糖基 礎約2. 5莫耳%之程度。嫌維依照1989年4月18日頒予之 美國專利4,822,453 (迪恩等人)所述之"乾燥交聯法〃而 交聯。 這些加強孅維類似具有K下表I所述特激之孅維。m_L_ 加強、枏曲、埔曲繼維隶fsTcm繼維 型式==與麩胺醛交賺至基於嫌維纖維素水合葡萄糖基礎 約1.41莫耳X之程度之南方軟木牛皮紙漿 扭曲數乾煉=6.8節點/毫米 杻曲數濕潤=5.1節點/毫米 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁) 裝 .訂 -64- 衣紙張尺度遑用中國团家標準(asr〒4規格297 309433 A6 B6 經濟^-央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(65 ) 2 -丙醇停留值=2 4 % 水停留值=375: 捲曲因素=〇·63 與STCC纖維姐合使用之習知非加強纖維素纖維亦為Foley 棉毛所製造。這些非加強鐵維素纖維強化至約200 CSF (加 拿大檷维自由度)。 猜得膊具有約0.07克/ cm3之平均乾燦密度、基於乾嫌 爾最*礎約0.08克/ cm3之以合成尿飽和時之平均密度、 及約0.03克/ cm2之平均基礎重最。在尿布核心使用大約 13克之流照獲得層。獲得層之表面稽為約46.8 U2 ( 302 cB2)。其具有大約0.44公分之徑度。 尿布核心之流體儲存/再分布靥包含烴修改表玻薄形之 實例I所述型式之壓扃HIPE發泡片。使用大約13克之 HIPE發泡形成此儲存/分布層,其具有約52.2 inz(339 cm2)之表面積及大約0.1英时(〇·25公分)之徑度。 具有此特定核心分布之尿布呈現保持排出之尿所特別希 望及有效之用途,因此在被嬰兒K 一般方式穿戴時提供特 別低之滲漏意外。如果在吸收核心之獲得曆以氣降加強繼 維取代濕降加強纖維,可得類似之结果。 啻俐T T T 此實例描述使用相當低聚合/固化溫度Μ一貫地減少水 滴於ΗΙΡΕ乳液之聚结,及一貫地得到依照本發明之饜扃聚 合發泡之益處•特別是SPAN®* 20為用以製備ΗΙΡΕ乳液之 唯一乳化劑時。在此實例,ΗΙΡΕ乳液為藉類似實例I之步 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁) -65- 本紙張尺及適 1中I國家標準(CNS)甲4规格(210X297公釐) 309433 A6 B6 經濟趣t央櫺準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(64 ) 鞣而製鲭,但是使用不同之SPAN® 20料作為乳化劑。此 Η I P E乳液收集於許多1品脫加蓋瓶。四個烤箱設定於1 0 0 T(37.8tM、115^(46.1^)、1307(54.4¾)、及 150Τ (65.6t!)之溫度*而且許多之HIPE乳液瓶在各烤箱固化 2 4小時。一部份之生成固化發泡然後以水清洗及乾燥。然 後以5 Ο X、5 Ο 0 X及1 0 0 0 X之倍數拍攝乾煉發泡之顯微照片 。鬮3a至3b為此顯微照片代表(500X倍)。特別地,圃 3a顯示100^(3 7.81)固化發泡之切片*圖3b顯示115T MUm固化發泡之切片,圈3c顯示130T(5 4.4tn固化 發泡之切Η ,圖3 d顯示1. 5 0 T ( 6 5 . 6 Ό )固化發泡之切片。 如圖3 a至3 b所示,在較低溫(即,低於約5 0 1C )固化之 Η I P E乳液生成具有相當均勻大小之較小孔之發泡清造,即 ,發泡構造相當均勻。其建議HI ΡΕ乳液固化時水滴之減少 聚结。相對地,如圈3c至3d所示,在較低溫(即,高於約 50T:)固化之HIPE乳液生成具有許多較大孔及相當不均匀 孔度之發泡構造*即,發泡構造實質上不均匀。其建議 Η ΙΡΕ乳液固化時水滴之大為增加之聚结。 逭些固化發泡闞於孔度及聚結之均匀度可由顯微照片使 用以下程度而定性地分鈒··|g_ 1¾_ia_ 1 巨大之聚结,嫌乎不能識別為發泡 2 非常差之聚结,開孔,模糊之支柱 3 不良之聚结,増厚之支柱 4 遘度之聚结,有些支柱不規則(增厚) {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁} .裝 .訂 _ 6 6 ~ 本紙張尺度逋用十圔國家標準(CNS),4规格(210X297公釐) 經濟f央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 A6 _B6_ 五、發明説明(65 ) 5 少最之聚结·無支柱不規則 6 最少之聚结,無支柱不規則 7 解析良好之均匀構造 對各固化發泡基於Μ上程度而進行許多測定*然後平均 而得各固化發泡之平均级數*如下表所示: 因仆通麻 車抱极齡 1 Ο Ο T (3 7.8 t: ) 6.5 1 15T (46. It: ) 5.5 1 30°F (54.4^ ) 3.3 1 5 Ο T (6 5.6 Τ: ) 2.5 在 H5TU6.lt:)、130°F(54.4t;)、及 150Τ(65·6Π) 固化之一部份Μ上發泡樣品亦評估以鹽溶液清洗*繼而懕 縮及乾燥而保持薄之能力。固化發泡藉由Μ 1.0%氯化鈣水 溶液淸洗,懕縮以移除一些水•然後在烤箱乾煉(即,在 約150Τ,65.6ΤΜ。評估各乾煉發泡以測定其是杏維持於 其臞_狀態,即,10-30¾之其原始膨脹厚度。在130Τ ( 54. 4 t:)及150 T (65. 6亡)固化之乾燥發泡樣品並未維持 薄。相對地*在115T (46.lt)固化之乾嫌發泡樣品雄持 薄。
當捆IV 以下»例描述使用山梨酵月桂醆醏(S P A N20 )及聚甘 油脂肪酸醏(PGE)或山梨酵棕櫚酸醏(SPAN® 40)共乳化 劑糸統之HIPE發泡之製備:
窗俐!V A -67- 本紙張尺度遑用中國國家揉準(CMS) T4规格(210x297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事项再填窝本頁) -裝 .訂 A6 B6
五、發明説明(66 ) 無水氢化鈣(36.32公斤)及遇硫酸鉀(568克)溶於 378公升之水。其提供用以形成HIPE乳液之水相流。 在包含苯乙烯(1600克)、二乙烯基苯(55¾技術级, 1600克)、及丙烯酸2-乙基己酯( 4800克)之單《3混合物 加人山梨酵月桂酸酯(960克之SPAN® 20)。在另一個一 半方小之相同單體混合物批加入PGE乳化劑(480克), 其給予0.09達因/公分之最小油/水IFT。此PGE為糴由 在210t:於機械攪拌、氮氣換氣及逐漸增加輿空、繼而Μ «酸中和,冷卻至約60*0 ·並且沈降Κ滅少未反應之聚甘 油之條件下· Κ脂肪酸於6 4 : 4 6之重霣比例酯化聚甘油, 使用氨氧化納作為催化劑。用以製造PGE之聚甘油姐合物 與脂肪酸之組合物示於下表: 聚甘油_ MJt% 直鐽二甘油 63.5 三甘油或更高碳 36.0 瓌形二甘油 0.4 胞肪醏 爾量X (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝 ,訂 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 C8 - C10 - C12 31.7 C14 37 . 2 C16 11.5 C 18 : 0 3.2 -68- 本紙張尺度適用+國國家標準(CNS)甲4规格(210x297公釐) 309433 A6 B6 經濟趣中央櫺準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(67 ) C18: 1 13.8 Cl 8:2 1 . 5 混合後|各油相批沈降過夜。自各批抽取上清液,並且 以2份含SPAN® 20油相對1份之含PGE油相之比例而混 合。(自各批丟棄約75克之黏狀殘渣)。 在43°至45T:之水相溫度及22C之油相溫度,油相與水 相之分離流進料至銷推進器形式之動態混合器。此銷推進 器具有長度約21.6公分·直徑約1.9公分之圓柱軸。軸保 持4列銷,2列具有17假銷而2列具有16個銷,各具有直 徑0 . 5公分及自軸之中心轴向外延伸1 . 6公分之長度。銷 推進器安裝於圓柱形外套,而銷自圓柱形外套之壁具有 0 . 8毫米之間隙。 螺旋靜態混合器(14英时畏及1/2英吋之外徑,TAH工 業070-821型,切下2. 4英时而修改)安裝於動態混合器 下游,及提供動態混合器之反壓,及提供HIPE乳液之均句 性。姐合之動態與靜’態混合器装置K 2份水對1份油之比 例充滿油相及水相。此装置排氣以使空氣散逸直到完全充 滿裝置。充滿時之流速為油相3.0克/秒及水相4.5 cc/ 秒。 一旦充滿裝置,便關始播拌,推進器以1100 RP Μ轉動。 水相流速然後經過120秒之時間平猙地增至46.5 cc /秒, 而油相流速平靜地降至1.77克/秒。此時動態與靜態混合 器之反壓為4.9psi 。後經«30秒之時間,推進器速度降 至1000 RPM之速度。當反魘下降至大約3 psi時’推進器 {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁) -69" 本紙張尺度灰用> 國國家樣準(CNS)〒4規格(210X297公^~ 經濟-央檁準局貝工消费合作社印製 Α6 Β6 五、發明説明(68 ) 速度然後立即增至1 800 RPM,而反臛增至5.5 psi 。水相 與油相然後各調整至47.8 cc/秒及1.66克/秒。 HIPE乳液收集於横(由食物级聚乙烯製成之 Rubbermaid經濟冷凍食物儲存盒,3500型)·其具有15英 时乘以23英时乘Μ 9英时深之内部大小。此横以包含20¾ 之SPAN*® 20於二甲笨之溶液之膜預先處理,其已沈降過 夜以移除不溶物。此模預先加熱K利於二甲苯之蒸發,而 且僅留下SPAN® 20 。在各棋收集47公升之HIPE乳液。装 滿之模維持65T:保持於室内18小時以固化。固化發泡然後 M U氯化鈣溶液清洗。在乾烯前保留於發泡之殘餘溶液為 發泡之5倍重最。
圖4為顯微照H U000X倍),其顯示Μ使用如此實例 之SPAN® 20/PGE共乳化劑糸統而製備之代表性聚合發泡 。圖4顯示之發泡構造為於其膨脹狀態。如所見·此發泡 檐造具有相當均匀大小之相當小孔,即,發泡構造相當均 匀。其建議水滴在HIPE乳液之固化時減少聚结之證明。 窗例IV R 如實例IV A而製锔含氣化鈣/過硫酸鉀之水相與含 SPAH® 20之油相單體潖合物。亦拜加人給予〇.〇9達因/ 公分之最小油/水I FT之P G E乳化劑而製備一半大小之單 體混合物批。此PGE為藉由使用類似實例IV A所述之反應 條件,Μ脂肪酸於67:33之重量比例酯化聚甘油而得。用 Κ製造PGE之聚甘油姐合物與脂肪酸之姐合物示於下表: 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家櫺準(CNS)甲4规格(210x297公釐) {請先Μ讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} -裝 .訂 五、發明説明(69 ) A6 B6 聚.甘...1 mm% 直鏈二 甘 油 73 . 1 三甘油 或 更高碳 24.5 瓌形二 甘 油 2.4 瞄昉酚 重量X C8 C10 - C12 32 C1 4 37 C16 11 C 1 8 : 0 3.2 Cl 8 : 1 13 C18:2 1 . 5 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝 .訂 經濟*肀央樣準局貝工消费合作社印製 混合後,各油相批如實例IV A而沈降3§夜,抽取上清液 ,並且K 2份含SPAN® 20油相對1份之含PGE油相之比 例而混合。水相與油相然後如實例IV A進料至姐合動態與 靜態混合器裝置。组合之裝置以2份水對1份油之比例充 滿油相及水相,同時此装置排氣,以使空氣敢逸直到完全 充滿裝置。充滿時之流速為油相3.0克/秒及水相7.5 cc/ 秒0 一旦充滿装置,便開始攪拌,推進器K1200 RPM轉動。 水相流速然後經過60秒之時間平靜地堆至45.Occ/秒,而 油相流速平靜地降至1.66克/秒。推進器rph然後經遢 -71- 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家標準(CNS)T4規格(210x297公;t) 309433 A6 B6 五、發明説明(70 ) 3 0之時間降至1100 RPM,然後立即增至1800 RPM。水相流 速然後調整至47.6cc /秒。反聒為5.3 psi °形成之乳液 收集於模,然後維持65t:保持於室內18小時Μ固化’如實 例IV Α。固化發泡然後以{氯化鈣溶液淸洗。在乾燥前保 留於發泡之殘餘溶液為發泡重躉之5倍。 奮锎IV Γ 如實例IV Α而製備含氣化鈣/遘硫酸鉀之水相與含 SPAN*» 20之油相單《混合物。亦«加入給予〇.〇8達因/ 公分之最小油/水I F T之P G E乳化繭而製儺一半大小之單 體混合物批。此PGE為藉由使用類似實例IV A所述之反應 條件,以脂肪酸於67 : 33之重量比例》化聚甘油而得°用 以製造PGE之聚甘油姐合物與脂肪酸之姐合物示於下表: 經濟都中央樣準局貝工消费合作社印製 聚甘油 馕噩X 直鍵二甘油 〜71 三甘油或更高碳 〜24 環形二甘油 〜 5 m m 重量,.χ,. C8 - CIO 4.4 C12 43.6 C14 25.1 C16 12.1 -7 2 _ ......................................:...................:.....r................................、ΤΓ;—ζ. (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度逋用t画鼷家橾準(CN3)T4規格(210x297公釐) A6 B6 經濟JP中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(71 ) C1 8:0 3 . 8 Cl 8 : 1 9 _ 2 C18:2 1.4 混合後,各油相批如實例IV A而沈降過夜•油取上清液 ,並且K2份含SPAN® 20油相對1份之含PGE油相之比 例而混合。水相(45° -47 t:)與油相然後如實例IV A進料 至姐合動態與靜態混合器裝置。姐合之装置以2份水對1 份油之比例充滿油相及水相’同時此裝置排氣*以使空氣 散逸直到完全充滿裝置。充滿時之流速為油相2.2克/秒 及水相4.7 cc /秒。 一旦充滿裝置,便開始播拌’推進器M1800 RPM轉動。 水相流速然後經過90秒之時間平靜地增至45.5cc/秒’而 油相潦速平靜地降至1.59克/秒。反臞為5.4 psi 。乳液 收集於横,然後維持65T:保持於室内18小時以固化,如實 例IV A。固化發泡然後Μ1»;氯化鈣溶液清洗。在乾燦前保 留於發泡之殘餘溶液為發泡重量之5倍。 奮俐iv η 如實例IV Α而製備含氛化鈣/遇疏酸鉀之水相與含 SPAN1® 20之油相單體混合物。亦薄加人給予0.013達因 /公分之最小油/水I F T之P G E乳化麵而製備一半大小之 單體混合物批。此PGE為藉由使用類似實例IV A所述之反 應條件,以脂肪酸於61:39之重量比例酯化聚甘油而得。 用以製造PGE之聚甘油姐合物與脂肪酸之姐合物示於下表 {請先閱讀背面之注意事項再蜞寫本頁) .裝 .訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家橾準(CNS>甲4規格(210X297公釐) 五、發明説明(72 ) 聚甘油 sax 直鏈二甘油 〜15 三甘油或更高碳 〜85 環形二甘油 - 脂昉鹼 mm% C8 6 CIO 5 C12 55 C14 23 C16 6 C18 : 0 3 C18:l 1 C18:2 1 A6 B6 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁) 裝 訂 經濟4中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 混合後*各油相批如實例IV A而沈降邊夜,抽取上清液 ,並且M2份含SPAN® 20油相對1份之含PGE油相之比 例而混合。水相(55° -60t:)與油相然後如實例IV A而進 料至姐合之動態與靜態混合器裝置。姐合之裝簠以2份水 對1份油之比例充滿油相及水相,間時此裝置排氣•以使 空氣散逸直到完全充滿裝置。充滿時之流速為油相3.0克 /秒及水相6.0 cc/秒。 一旦充滿裝置,便開始攪拌,推進器以1800 RPΜ轉動。 水相流速然後經遇120秒之時間平靜地埔至45.7cc /秒, 而油相流速平靜地降至1.58克/秒。反懕為5.4psi 。乳 -7 4 _ 本紙張尺度遑用中國团家揲準(CNS) T4规格(210X297公釐> 309433 A6 B6 五、發明説明(73 ) 液收集於模,然後维持65 t:保持於室内18小時以固化,如 實例IV A。固化發泡然後ΚΙΧ»化鈣溶液清洗。在乾煉前 保留於發泡之殘餘溶液為發泡重量之5倍。 奮例IV Ε 如實例IV Α而製備含氣化鈣/過硫酸钾之水相與含 SPAN1» 20之油相單驩混合物。亦藉加入給予0.042達因 /公分之最小油/水I FT之PG E乳化劑而製備一半大小之 單髁混合物批。此PGE為藉由使用類似實例IV A所述之反 應條件,以脂肪酸於67:33之重量比例酯化聚甘油而得。 用Μ製造PGE之聚甘油姐合物與脂肪酸之組合物示於下表 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟#中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 聚甘 油 mm% 直鏈 二 甘 油 70 . 三甘 油 或 宙古 Ztit 更高娥 24. 環形 二 甘 油 5 . 脂防 稱 窜量-1 C8 - C10 - C12 32.1 C14 38.6 •C16 11 C18 :0 3.2 C18 :1 13.4 -75- 本紙張尺度遑用中國國家檫準iCNS)f 4规格(210x297公釐) A6 B6 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(74 ) C18 :2 1.4 混合後,各油相批如實洌IV A而沈降遇夜’抽取上清液 ,並且M2份含SPAN® 20油相對1份之含PGE油相之比 例而混合。水相與油相然後如實例1V A而進料至姐合之動 態與靜態滔合器裝置。姐合之裝置以2份水對1份油之比 例充滿油相及水相,同時此装置排氣’以使空氣散逸直到 完全充滿裝置。充滿時之流速為油相1.7克/秒及水相 3 · 0 c c / 秒0 —旦充滿装置,便開始播拌,推進器以1100 RPM轉動。 水相流速然後經過90秒之時間平靜地增至48.4cc/秒。反 壓為5. 0 psi 。推進器RPM然後立即增至1 800 RPM。反K 增至5.8 psi 。乳液收集於横,然後維持65C保持於室内 1 8小時以固化,如實例IV A。固化發泡然後Μ 1 ί:氛化鈣溶 液清洗。在乾燦前保留於發泡之殘餘溶液為發泡重量之5 倍。 審例IV F 如實例TV A而製備含氛化鈣/過硫酸钾之水相與含 SPAN® 20之油相單賴混合。在單體混合物加入山梨酵月 桂酸醋( 480克之SPAN® 20)及山梨酵月桂酸酯(240克) 與山梨醇棕櫊酸酯( 240克之SPAN*® 40)之混合物。混合 後,油相沈降遇夜,油取上清液,用Μ形成HIPE乳液。 水相(48° -50ΤΜ與油相然後如寊例IV Α而進料至姐合 之動態與靜態混合器装置。姐合之装置以2份水對1份油 之比例充滿油相及水相,同時此裝置排氣,K使空氣散逸 {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再蜞寫本頁) 裝 -訂 -76- 本紙張尺度遴用中國國家樣準(CNS) T—4規格(2i〇X 297公爱) A6 B6 五、發明説明(75 ) 直到完全充滿裝置。充滿時之流速為油相3.0克/秒及水 相6 c c /秒。 -旦充滿裝置,便開始攪拌,推進器K 1 800 RP Μ轉動。 水相流速然後經過60秒之時間平靜地埔至42.3cc /秒。而 油相流速平靜地降至1.5克/秒。反壓為4.5 psi 。乳液 收集於模(具有中央核心之圓形瓶),然後維持651C保持 於室內Ί 8小時以固化,如實例IV A。固化發泡然後K 1 :«氣 化鈣溶液濟洗。在乾燁前保留於發泡之殘餘溶液為發泡重 最之5倍。 ........................T.......-.--.If.......................'t't'........................................訂 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟#中央櫺準局貝工消费合作杜印製 -77- 本紙張尺度遑用中國鼷家櫺準(CNS) f 4规格(210x297公釐) A6 B6 309433 五、發明説明(56 ) 為了一貫地得到依照本發明之相當薄、壓扃之聚合發泡 材料,已發現以使HIPE乳液之水滴聚结減少或滅至最少之 方式進行乳液形成及聚_合步驟特別重要。HIPE乳液並非總 是安定的,特別是在接受高潘條件以進行聚合與固化時。 HIPE乳液不安定時,存在之水滴會聚集在一起,並且聚结 而形成非常大之水滴。事實上,在乳液之聚合及固化時, 發泡構造之固化與水滴之聚结之間實質上有競爭。必須有 適當平衡,使水滴之聚结滅少•而發泡構造之聚合與固化 可在合理之時間内進行。(雖然如果殘留之水滴大小非常 小則可容忍某些聚结,生成發泡之此不均匀孔度會負面地 影響發泡之流體浬输性質,特別是其毛细速率。) 水滴在HIPE乳液聚结之減少,造成.聚合及固化後之生成 發泡構堦之較小平均孔度。撺信發泡構造材料之此生成較 小平均孔度為依照本發明之相當薄、腯扃聚合發泡材枓一 貫形成之闞鍵機構。(生成發泡之均匀小孔度亦據信造成 良好吸收力*特別是流體埋输(例如,毛细)特激。)在 滅少HIP E乳液之水滴聚结之條件下製備時,聚合發泡材料 之數量平均孔度為約50微米或更小,而且一般在約5至約 50微米之範画,較佳為約5至約40微米,最佳為約5至約 35微米。一貫地滅少HIPE乳液之水滴聚结之技術在Μ下得 到懕扁之聚合發泡之乳液形成及聚合/固化步驟之說明詳 钿討論: 1 . ΗΙΡΕ乳液之形成 ΗΙΡΕ乳液為藉以前述重量比例混合油相组份輿水相姐份 -38- 本紙張尺度逋用中國家櫺準(CNS)甲4規格(210x297公爱) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝 .訂 經濟部中央櫺準局Λ工消费合作社印製 A6 B6 經濟部中央樣準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(57 ) 而形成。油相含如所需單體、共單體、交聯劑與乳化劑之 前述》質成份,而且亦可含如溶劑與聚合引發劑之視情形 姐份。使用之水相含前述電解霣作為實質姐份,而且亦可 含如水溶性乳化劑,及/或聚合引發劑之視情形姐份。 HIPE乳液可賴由使造些混合相切力播拌而混合油與水相 而形成。切力擯拌通常應用至由混合油與水相形成安定乳 液所箱之程度與時間。此處理可以分批或連績方式而進行 ,而且通常在逋於形成乳液之條件下進行,其中水相小滴 分散至生成聚合發泡具有所箱孔體積與其他構造特徵之程 度。油與水相姐合之乳化經常涉及如銷推進器之混合或播 拌裝置之使用。 形成可在此使用之丨IIPE乳液之一種較佳方法涉及混合與 乳化所需油與水相之連續方法。在此方法•形成並且K範 圃約0.08至約1 . 5亳升/秒之流速而提供包含油相之液體 流。同時,包含水相之液體流亦形成及Μ範圍約4至約 50奄升/秒之流速而提供。在以上範圍内之流速,此二流 然後Κ接近、達到及維持如前所示之所痛水對油相重量比 例而混合於遘當之混合槽或區。 在混合槽或區,混合流通常接受提供之切力攪拌,例如 ,藉由逋當姐態與大小之銷推進器。切力一般應用至約 1000至約2500 sec — 1之程度。在混合槽之停留時間經常在 約5至約30秒之範園。一但形成,液體形式之安定HIPE乳 液自琨合槽或區Μ約4至約52毫升/秒之流速而被吸取。 此經連續處理而形成ΗΙΡΕ乳液之較佳方法詳述於1992年9 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再碘寫本頁) 裝 *訂 -3 9 - i紙張尺度適用中理國家樣準"(CNS)~T4規格(210X297公釐)_ A6 B6 經濟*中央檁準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(58 ) 月22日頒予之美阈專利5,149,720(迪斯馬瑞斯等人),其 在此併人作為參考。 在一貫地減少存在於HIPE乳液之水滴之聚结,在油相使 用特定型式之乳化劑系统特佳,特別是如果HIPE乳液在高 於約50U之溫度被聚合或固化。埴些較佳乳化劑糸統包含 山梨酵月桂酸酯(例如,SPAH® 20)與作為共乳化劑之特 定聚甘油酯肪酸酯(PGEs)之姐合。山梨酵月桂酸醏對 PGEs之重最比例通常在約10:1至約1:10之範圓。此重量比 例在約4:丨至約1:1之範圃較佳。 特別用作為山梨酵月桂酸酯之共乳化劑之PGEs通常由特 微為高含最之直鏈(例如,非環形)二甘油、低含量之三 或高碳聚甘油、及低含量之環形二甘油之聚甘油而製備。 適當聚甘油反應物(重量基礎)通常具有至少約60X之二 甘油含最(典型範園約60至約90;«)、不超過約40!K之三或 高碳聚甘油含最(典型範騸約10至約40¾)、及不超過約 10¾之環形二甘油含量(典型範圍約0至約10X)。這些聚 甘油具有約60至約80X之直鐽二甘油含悬、約20至約40* 之三或高碳聚甘油含躉、及不超過約10¾之環形二甘油含 悬較佳。(拥定聚甘油分布之方法敘述於Μ下之PGE分析 方法部份。) 特別用作為與山梨酵月桂酸醏之共乳化劑之PGEs亦可由 特徴為包含高含最之混合C12至飽和脂肪酸、與低含 躉之其他脂肪酸之胞肪酸姐合物之脂肪酸反應物而製锔。 適當之脂肪酸反應物具有其中C12至C1A飽和脂肪酸之混 **4 0- 本紙張尺度遮用中鷗國家襻準(CNS)甲4规格(210X297公*> ................-..................i.......................(...................裝......................訂.....................「 t請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 3_33 A6 B6 經濟郄中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(59 ) 合含最至少約4 0 (典型範圍約4 0至約8 5 !K)、C i β飽和脂肪 餘之含最不超遇約2 5%(典型範晒約5至約25%)、(:18或高 碳飽和脂肪酸之含綦不超過約1 0 % (典型範圍約2至約 10Χ)或低碳飽和脂肪酸之含最不超過約ι〇χ(典型範 阐約0.3至約10Χ)、其餘脂肪酸主要為Cl8單飽和脂肪酸 之脂肪酸姐合物。瑄鉴脂肪酸反應物之脂肪酸姐合物為至 少約65%之C12至Ci4飽和脂肪酸(典型範園約65至約 75¾)、不超過約1555之Cie飽和脂肪酸(典型範圃約1〇至 約15J!)、不超遇約4ίί之Cie或高碳飽和脂肪酸(典型範蘭 約2至約4S:)、及不超過約33!之C,。或低碳飽和脂肪酸之 含最(典型範園約0.3至約3¾)較佳。(測定脂肪酸姐合 物之方法敘述於以下之P G E分析方法部份。) 用作為與山梨酵月桂酸酯之共乳化劑之PGEs亦通常特徴 為給予最小油/水界面張力(IFT),其中油相含用於HIPE 乳液之單體,而水相含氯化鈣。適當之PGE共乳化劑通常 姶予至少約0 . 06達因/公分之最小油/水I FT,典型範圍 約0.06至約1.0達因/公分。特佳PFEs給予至少約0.09達 因/公分之最小油/水IFT·典型範麵約0.09至約0.3達 因/公分。(測定這些PG Es之I F T之方法敘述於以下之 PGE分析方法部份。) 用作為與山梨酵月桂酸醏之共乳化劑之PGEs可藉已知於 此技藝之方法而製備。參見*例如,1972年1月25日頒予 之美國專利3, 637, 774 (巴貝洋等人),及麥克英泰爾,” 聚甘油 _ " * ,1. Am. Oil Chea. Soc.,第 56卷,第 11 期 -41 - 本紙張尺度遑用中國國家標準(CNS)f4规格(210X297公釐) {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} .裝 .訂 A6 B6 五、發明説明(40 ) (1979)·第835A-840A頁,其在此併入作為參考,而且其 敘述製備聚甘油及轉化成PGEs之方法。PGEs—般藉由Μ脂 昉酸酯化聚甘油而製備。聚甘油之適當姐合可藉混合得自 商業來源或使用已知方法而合成之聚甘油而製備,如美國 專利3,637,774所述。胞肪酸之缠當姐合可藉混合脂肪酸 及/或得自商業來源之脂肪酸混合物而製備。在製造作為 共乳化劑之PGEs ·聚甘油對脂肪酸之重最比例通常在約 50:50至70:30之範園•較佳為約60:40至約70:30 。 製備逋當PGE乳化劑之典型反懕條件涉及Μ脂肪酸在 0.卜0.2¾作為酯化催化劑之氫氧化納之存在下•酯化聚甘 油。反應在大氣懕力於約210° -220 t: •在機械播拌與氮 氣換氣下引發。反應進行時,自由脂肪酸減少而真空逐漸 增至約8 m π· H g。當自由脂肪酸含量降低至少於約〇 · 5 ί:,催 化劑然後Μ I«酸溶液中和,而且反應混合物快速冷卻至約 。此粗反應混合物然後進行沈降或其他習知純化步驟 (例如,減少未反應聚甘油之含量)以產生所欲PGEs。 2 . Η T PRg丨,液夕铕合/固化 經濟,中央標準局貝工消费合作杜印製 {請先閩讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝 形成之HIPE乳液通常收集或倒入通當反應器、容器或區 域,K聚合或固化。在一個具體實胞例,反應器包含由聚 乙烯構成之盆,最終聚合/固化固®發泡材料可在進行聚 合/固化步驟至所欲程度後,易於自其移除,以進一步處 理。HIPE乳液倒人容器之溫度大約與聚合/固化溫度相同 通常較佳。 HIPE乳液接受之聚合/固化條件視乳液之單體或油相與 本紙張尺度遑用中國國家櫺準(CMS) T4规格(210x297公釐) 309433 A6 B6 經濟Λ中央標準局貝工消费合作社印裂 五、發明説明(41 ) 水相之其他姐成而定,特別是使用之乳化劑条统,及使用 之聚合引發劑之型式與量。然而’聚合/固化條件經常包 含維持HIPE乳液於高於約30Ε之高溫,更佳為高於約35C ,範圍約4至約24小時之時間,更佳為約4至約18小時。 在減少水滴於ΗΙΡΕ乳液之聚结,在相當低之溫度進行聚 合/固化特佳•特別是如果山梨酵月桂酸_與?〇£共乳化 劑之較佳姐合並未用以製俤ΗΙΡΕ乳液。在這些狀況•遘當 之較低聚合/固化溫度為約30°至約50 t:之範圃,較佳為 約35°至約451,最佳為約40t:。如果聚合/固化在遠高 於約50t:之溫度進行,乳液之熱懕力可造成存在而聚集及 聚结之水滴,如此而在生成之聚合發泡形成非常大之孔, 特別是如果山梨酵月桂酸酯與PGE共乳化劑之較佳姐合並 未用以製備HIPE乳液。其造成聚合發泡在脫水後無法保持@ 。 /ΠΠ 巨大固態聚合發泡一般在ΗΙΡΕ乳液於如盆之反應器聚合 /固化時而得。此巨大聚合Η ΙΡΕ發泡一般切釗或切Η成似 片形式。聚合ΗΙΡΕ發泡之Η易於在随後之處理/清洗及脫 水步驟時處理,及製備用於吸收物品之Η ΙΡΕ發泡。巨大聚 合ΗΙΡΕ發泡一般被切割/切片以提供範園約0.08至約2.5 公分之切割徑度。在《後之脫水時•其一般造成具有範圍 約0.008至約1.25公分之徑度之壓扁HI ΡΕ發泡。 3 . 康理/逋浼HTPR發泡 形成之固態聚合HIPE發泡通常為可撓、開孔多孔性構造 ,其表面充滿用Μ製備HIP E乳液之殘餘水相材料。此殘餘 -43- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)甲4規格(210x297公釐) ---—~ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝 -訂 A6 B6 五、發明説明(42 ) 水相材料,其通常包含電解質、殘餘乳化劑、及聚合引發 酬之水溶液,應在發泡之進一步處理與使用之前至少部份 自發泡構造移除。原始水相材料之移除通常藉壓縮發泡構 造Μ擠出殘餘液體及/或藉由K水或其他水性清潔溶液清 洗發泡構造而進行。經常使用數次懕縮及清洗步驟,例如 ,2至4次。 原始水相材料自發泡構造移除至所需程度後,如果箱要 ,可以賴例如Μ適當親水劑及/或水合鹽之水溶液連續清 洗而處理HIPE發泡。可使用之親水劑與水合鹽已在前面敘 述,並巨包括山梨醇月桂酸酯(例如,S P A Ν ® 2 0 )與氛化 鈣。如所示,如果箱要,Η I Ρ Ε發泡構造以親水劑/水合鹽 溶液之處理持績直到所需量之親水劑/水合鹽已加入,及 直到發泡對於選擇之任何試驗液體呈現所需黏附張力值。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 .訂 經濟為中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 Η ΙΡΕ發泡已處理/清洗至使最終之乾煉發泡通當地親水 性之程度,及視情形加入足霣水合鹽,較佳為氯化鈣之後 ,發泡通常被脫水。脫水可藉懕縮發泡(較佳為ζ-方向) 以擠出殘餘水量、賴發泡或其中之水接受高溫,例如,在 約60Ρ至約200t 之高溫熱乾堍、或微波處理、藉真空脫 水或藉壓縮與熱乾燥/微波/真空脫水技術之姐合而發生 。ΗΪΡΕ發泡處理之脫水步驟通常進行直到ΗΙΡΕ發泡可使用 ,而且如實用之乾燦。此壓縮脫水之發泡經常具有基於乾 燥重量約50至約500重量尤之水(水份)含量。陲後,歷 -4 4 - 紙_系又度遴用t國8家標準(CHS) T4規格(210x297公釐) 經濟·來中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 Α6 Β6 五、發明説明(45) 縮發泡可以熱乾燥(冽如,賴加熱)至基於乾燥重量約5 至約40S;,更佳為約5至約153:。生成之壓縮/乾煉發泡 為壓扁/未膨脹狀態。
VI .吸收物I 本發明之艇扁聚合發泡材料可用作為各種吸收物品之吸 收構造之至少一部份(例如,吸收核心)。在此、、吸收物 品〃表示可吸收失禁穿戴者或物品使用者之大最之尿或其 他流髁(即,液體),如水性排泄物(多水糞便),之消 費者產品。此吸收物品之賁例包括丟棄式尿布、失禁衣物 、如棉球及衛生棉之月經用品、丟棄式調練内褲、床墊等 。吸收發泡構造特別適用於如釀布、失禁墊Η或衣物、衣 服墊等。 在其最簡單形式,本發明之吸收物品僅需包括墊Η ,其 一般為相當液體不滲透性•及伴随此墊片之一或多種吸收 發泡構造。吸收發泡構造與墊片以吸收發泡構造位於墊片 與吸收物品穿戴者之流體排放區域之方式而结合。液體不 滲透墊Η包含具有約1.5 mils (0.038毫米)之徑度之任 何材料,例如,聚丙烯,其有助於保留流體於吸收物品内 Ο 更習知地,吸收物品亦包括覆蓋吸收物品接觸穿戴者皮 虜之側之液體不滲透頂片元件。在此姐態,物品包括包含 位於塾片與頂Η間之一或多種本發明吸收發泡構造之吸收 核心。液體可滲透頂片可包含實質上多孔性而且使賴液易 於通過而至底下之吸收核心之任何材料•如聚酯、聚烯烴 -45-
本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)甲4規格(210X297公釐I {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 裝 -訂 A6 B6 經濟杳中央櫺準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(44 ) 、螺絲等。頂片材料不具有保持水性體液於頂Η與穿截者 皮虜間之接觸區域之親和力較佳。 本發明吸收物品具賴實施例之吸收核心可單獨地包括一 或多種發泡構造。例如,吸收核心可包含最佳地符合使用 之吸收物品型式之希望或所痛形狀之單片發泡。或者·吸 收核心可包含黏附地黏合在一起,或僅藉封包姐嫌之纗繞 •或藉吸收物品之頂Η與墊Η·而束縛成保持在一起之未 黏合聚集物之複數發泡片或顆粒。 吸收物品之吸收核心除了本發明之一或多棰吸收發泡構 造|亦可包含其他•例如,習知、元件或材料。例如,吸 收物品可使用包含例如吸收發泡構造顆粒或片輿習知吸收 材料,如a)木漿或其他級維素纖維、及/或b)聚合膠化劑 之顆粒或纖維,之氣降混合物的姐合之吸收核心。 在涉及吸收發泡與其他吸收材料之姐合之具體實施例, 吸收物品可使用多層吸收核心姐態,其中含一或多種本發 明發泡構造之核心層可與包含習知吸收構造或材料之一或 多種額外分雛核心層姐合使用。此·習知吸收構造或材料 *例如·可以包括木漿或其他纖維素纖維之氣降或濕降網 。此習知構造亦可包含習知(例如,大孔)吸收發抱或甚 至海綿。與吸收發泡使用之習知吸收構造亦可含,例如, 達88重量之通常用於獲得及保持水性體液之聚合膠化劑 顆粒或缴維。此型聚合膠化劑及其於吸收物品之使用更詳 细地敘於於1988年4月19日重發之美國專利重發32,649 ( 布蘭德等人)*其併入作為參考。 <請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 ,訂 -4 6 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揉準(CNS) rH(—2阪297^7 309433 A6 B6 經濟亦中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 五、發明説明(45 ) 吸收物品之較佳型式為使用具有位於物品穿戴者流體排 放區域之流體處理層之多曆吸收核心。此流體處理阍可為 高放樣非熾品之形式,但是為包含一層經修改继維素纖維 ,例如,加強捲曲纖維素纖維,之流艄獲得/分布層之形 式較佳,而且視情形達此流體獲得/分布靥之約10重量!K 之聚合膠化劑。用於此較佳吸收物品之流體獲得/分布層 之經修改纗維素纖維為木漿纗維較佳·其已藉化學及/或 熱處理而加強及捲曲。此經修改纖維素纖維具有如用於 1990年6月19日頒予之美圃專利4,935,622 (拉許等人)所 述吸收物品之相同塑式•其併人作為參考。 瑄些多層吸收核心亦包含第二,即•較低,之包含本發 明發泡構造之流膊儲存/再分布層。為了本發明之目的* 多層吸收核心之"上〃層為相當接近穿戴者身體之曆,例 如,最接近物品頂片之暦。名詞"較低〃曆相反地表示多 廣吸收核心之層,其相當逮離穿覿者身艄,例如,最接近 物品墊Η之層。此較低流賵儲存/再分布層一般位於吸收 核心内,Κ置於(上)流體處理層之下,而且為流體連接 。可Κ在位於上流體獲得/分布蹰之下的含加強捲曲纖維 素纖維之較低流鸦儲存/再分布醑使用本發明吸收發泡檐 造之吸收物品詳述於1992年9月15日頒予之美國專利 5,1 47,345 (楊等人)·其併入作為參考。 如K上所示•特定吸收發泡構造之流雅處理與機械特戡 使此構造特別迪用於丢棄式尿布形式之吸收物品。包含本 發明吸收發泡構造之丢棄式尿布可藉使用習知尿布製造技 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝 -訂 -47- 本紙張尺度適用t國國_本#準(CNS)T4規格(210X297公藿)一-

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  1. |-------- |权年广月各日修正 補充, 第82m〇69號專利申請案 中文申請專利範讎修正本(86年5月) 六、申請專利範圍 1. 一種《篇之聚合發泡材料•其包含經聚合之油包水乳液 •該油包水乳液具有: 1) 油相,其中包含: a) 67至98重悬X之簞髋姐份,其中包含: i ) 5至40重量X之不溶於水、軍官能基玻狀軍《 > ii ) 30至80重量X之不溶於水、覃官能基镰謬狀共 單嫌; iii ) 10至40重量《之不溶於水、多官能基交W劑組 份;及 _ b) 2至33重量!K之乳化两组份•其溶於油相•並且形 成安定之油包水乳液;及 2) 水相,其中包含0.2至20籯量X之水溶性霣解霣; 3) 水相對油相之重量比例為12:1至100:1, 其在接觸水性臞液時,膨脹並且吸收該流體*該聚合發 泡材料包含具互相理接闋口泡孔之親水性、可撓、非離 子性聚合發泡構造*此發泡構埴具有: Α) 每發抱體積表面積比為0.025至1.6 n2/cc ; B) 併入其中之0.1至8重最X之竃物學上可接受、吸 濕、無«水合鹽; 〇 在其《鼷狀懸· 7至30 kPa之鼸脹懕力; D) 在其鼸脹狀戆*於88°F(31.1t!)以具有65±5達因 /公分之表面張力之合成尿飽和至其自由吸收容最 時,具有於齷驕狀戆中乾嫌基礎密度10至50X之密 本紙張尺度適用中國國家梯準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) (請先Μ讀背面之注意事項再填寫本瓦) _裝· 經濟部中央榇準局負工消費合作社印製 309433 A8 B8 C8 D8 '申請專利範圍 度° 2· 根據申誧專利範驪第1項之發泡材料•其中該發泡構造 具有每發泡«積表面積比大於或等於0.05 b2/cc,及於 其藿_狀態為殘餘水含ft大於或等於4重量X 。 3· 根據申請專利篛麵第2項之發泡材料.其中該發泡構造 具有: A) 0.7至8 ·2/克之毛细吸力表面犢比; Β) 0. 1至8重量%之氯化鈣,及0. 5至20重最X之非 離子性油溶性乳化劑,併入其中Μ使發泡構造之表 面成親水性; _ 〇 於其壓腾狀態: (i ) 4至30重量X之殘餘水含量; (η ) 0.05至0.4克/ c·3之乾嫌基礎密度; D) 於其膨脹狀戆: (i ) 12至100 «升/克之孔體稹; (ii ) 在88T (31 . 11:)以具有65± 5 «因/公分之表 面張力之合成尿飽和至其自由吸收容量時,2 至803ί之靨縮彎曲抗力; 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) (iii ) 5至50微米之數最平均孔度。 4. 根據申謫專利範國第3項之發抱材料,其中該發泡構埴 具有: A) 1 · 5至6 ·2/克之毛妞吸力表面積比; B) 3至6重量X之氯化鈣,及5至12重* X之山梨醇 月桂酸酯併入其中; 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐} A8 A8
    '申請專利範圍 c) 於其壓騸狀軀: (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) (i ) 5至15重量X之殘餘水含量; (ii) 0.1至0.2克/ cb3之乾《基礎密度; (ui ) 7至20 kPa之膨脹«力; D) 於其睡腺狀軀: (i ) 25至50橐升/充之孔《積; (η ) 5至40¾之囅鏞彎曲抗力; (iii ) 5至35微米之數量平均孔度; (iv ) 當以該合成尿飽和時,於《騸狀態中乾嫌基礎 密度10至30X之密度。ί 5. 根據申請専利繾_第1項之發泡材料*其中: 1) 油相,其中包含: a) 80至9 5璽量《之軍tt姐份,其中包含: i ) 10至30重JIX之選自以苯乙烯為主之單髑與以 甲基丙烯酸_為主之單鱺之玻狀單體; ii) 50至70重量X之環自丙«酸正丁酯與丙烯酸 2-乙基己酯之橡謬狀共軍體; iii) 15至25重量X之二乙烯基苯; •經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 b) 5至20璽量X之包含山梨酵月桂酸鶸之乳化两姐 份;及 2) 水相,其中包含1至10扈鼉X之氯化鈣; 3) 水相對油相之重量比例為20:1至70:1° 6. 根據申嫌専利範圈第5項之發ϋϊ材料*其牛該單體姐份-包含: -3 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4规格(210Χ297公釐) 309433 Λ8 B8 C8 D8 申請專利範圍 i ) 15至25重最X之苯乙烯; ϋ ) 55至65璽悬X之丙烯酸2-乙基己齙; iii ) 15至25重量X之二乙《基苯0 一棰特別竈於吸收及保持水性鱷液之吸收物品,該物品 包含 I ) I ) 9. 根據 有: a) b) 根據 有: a) 垫片;及 連接該垫片之吸收核心•使該吸收核心位於該垫片 與物品穿戴者之滾體排放區域間•該吸收核心包含 根據申謫專利醣園第1項之發泡材料。 申請專利範園第7項之吸收物品,其中發泡材料具 每克乾嫌發洎材料於88 T (31.1*C)為大於或等於 12«升之該合成尿之自由吸收容量•,及 在37¾使該合成尿於30分鏟或更少中沿發泡材料之 5公分垂直長度進行毛细作用之垂直毛细《率。 申誚專利範画第8項之吸收物品,其中發抱材料具 請 先 閲 讀 背 1¾ 之 注 意 事 項 再 填 本 頁 經濟部中央揉準局貝工消費合作社印裝 每克乾嫌發泡材料為大於或等於20«升之該合成尿 之自由吸收容最; 使該合成尿沿該垂直長度於5分鐘或更少進行毛细 作用之垂直毛细速率; 在37 於11.4公分之垂直毛细高度為大於或等於該 自由吸收容最之75X之垂直毛细吸收能力。 10.根據申請專利篛黼第8項之吸收物品*其中吸收核心包 b) c) 4 - 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家揉準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) 六 '申請專利範圍 A8 B8 C8 D8 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 含:⑴位於該流《排放B域之流β*理曆·,及〇與該流 觼處理暦流《連接•並且包含發泡材料之掇髑餡存/再 分布層。 11·根據申請專利範第ίο項之吸收物品,其中流鱷處理層 為包含纖維素孅維之滾β獲得/分布暦。 12. 根據申請專利範腦第11項之吸收物品,其中該纖維索纖 維包含化學地加強之纖維素纖維。 13. 根據申請專利鳙圔第11項之吸收物品•其中該備存/再 分布層位於該獾得/分布暦之下。 14. 根據申請專利範画第13項之吸收物品 «不滲透性,而且其另外包含連接該墊片之液 頂片*該吸收核心位於該頂片與該墊片之間。 15. 根據申誚専利篛園第14項之吸收物品•其為尿 16. —種製備根據申講專利範園第1項之囅騙之聚 科之方法,其包含以下步Κ : Α)由Μ下形成油包水乳液; 1)油相*其中包含: a) 67至98簠量Jt之軍儺姐份*其中包含 i ) 5至40重量X之不溶於水、單官能 體,其可鏖生分子量高於6000且玻 度高於40T;之均聚物; ii ) 30至80重量X之不溶於水、單官能 共覃鱷,其可逢生分子最高於1〇, 磺轉移溫度不高於401:之均聚物; 其中該垫片為液 Μ可滲透 布。 合發抱材 基玻狀覃 璃轉移灌 基橡膠狀 000且玻 請 先 閱 讀 背 ιϋ 之 注 I 装裝 頁 訂 本纸張尺度適用中國國家橾隼(CNS ) Α4規格(210X297公釐)
    、申請專利範圍 iii ) 10至40重量》之不溶於水、多官能基交職劑 組份;及 b) 2至33重量S:之乳化劑姐份,其溶於油相,並 且形成安定之油包水乳液;及 2) 水相,其中包含〇.2至20重鼉X之水溶性霣解質; 3) 水相對油相之重量比例為20:1至70:1 ; B) 在油包水乳液之油相聚合簞髓組份以形成聚合發泡 材料;及 〇 聚合發泡材料被脫水至一程度使形成在接觸水性體 液時可再膝脹之饜扁「聚合發泡材料,其改良包含 Μ減少形成於油包水乳液之水滴聚结之方式而進行 乳液形成及聚合步驟與⑭*使聚合發泡材料之數 量平均孔度為50微米或更小。 17. 根據申請專利範画第16項之方法*其中水相更包含 0.02至0.4重量X之水溶性自由基聚合引發劑,而且其 中水相對油相之重最比例為20:1至70:1。 18. 根揲申請專利皤第17項之方法*其中: 1)油相,其中包含: 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 a) 80至95重量》之軍體組份,其中包含: i ) 10至30重量%之遘自Μ苯乙烯為主之簞體輿以 甲基丙烯酸酷為主之軍體之玻狀轚體; ii) 50至70重量X之堪自丙烯酸正丁 _與丙烯酸 2-乙基己鹿之橡膠狀共軍體; iii) 15至25重最3!之凿自二乙烯基苯、二乙烯基甲 -6 ~ 本纸張尺度適用中國國家樣準(cns ) a4規格(210x297公羡) A8 B8 C8 ____^ '申請專利範圍 苯與二烯丙基酞酸酯之多官能基交及 b) 5至20重量X之包含山梨醇月桂酸酯之乳化劑組 份;及 2) 水相,其中包含1至1〇籯量X之氱化鈣; 3) 水相對油相之重量比例為25:1至50:1。 19·根據申請專利鼸圃第18項之方法,其中單邇組份包含: i ) 15至25重量X之苯乙烯; ii) 55至65里量X之丙烯酸2-乙基己酯; m ) 15至25重量X之二乙烯基苯。 20.根據申請專利範騙第17項之方法,其中聚合步在 30°至50T3之溫度進行4至24小時。 21 .根據申請專利範麵第20項之方法*其中聚合步驟®在 35°至45 C之溫度進行4至18小畤。 經濟部中央榇準局貝工消费合作社印製 22.根據申請專利__第17項之方法》其中乳化_組份包含 重量比例10:1至1:10之山梨酵月桂酸_與聚甘油脂肪酸 酯》聚甘油酯衍生自:⑴具有大於或等於60重量X之直 鍵二甘油含量、不超通40簠ΛΧ之三赛高碳聚甘抽含量 、及不超«10重量X之環形二甘油含最之聚甘油;©脂 肪酸反應物*其具有其中C12至C14飽和脂肪酸之混合 含量大於或等於40J!、Cie飽和脂肪酸之含量不超通25X 、(:18或高碳餓和脂肪酸之含ft不超通10S;、而且G。或 低碳飽和胞肪酸之含量不超ϋίοχ之胞肪酸组合物;(3> 聚甘油⑴對脂肪酸反應物⑵之重量比例為50: 50至 70:30 ° 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4C格(210X297公釐) 309433 Α8 Β8 C8 D8 申請專利範圍 經濟部中央標準局男工消费合作社印製 23. 根據申鏑專利範_第22項之方法*其中山梨酵月桂酸酯 與聚甘油胞肪酸觴之重量比例為4:1至1:1 ,而且其中 聚甘油醑衍生自:⑴具有60至80重量X之直鐽二甘油含 量、及20至40璽最!《之三戎高碳聚甘油含量之聚甘油; ⑵脂肪酸反應物*其具有其中C12至C14飽和脂肪酸之 混合含最大於或等於65X、Cie飽和脂肪酸之含量不超過 15X、Cie或高碾飽和胞肪酸之含量不超遇4X、而且C1〇 或低碳飽和脂肪酸之含最不超過3X之脂肪酸组合物;⑶ 聚甘油⑴對脂肪酸反應物⑵之重量比例為60:40至 70:30 。 ~ 24. 根據申鏞專利糖麵第22項之方法•其中聚甘油_在501 所給予之最小油/水界面張力為大於或等於0.06達因/ 公分。 25. 根據申請専利範醒第24項之方法,其中聚甘油麵在50t: 所姶予之最小油/水界面張力為0.09至0.3達因/公分 Ο 26. 根據申鏑專利範函第22項之方法,其中聚合步驟®在高 於50t!之溫度進行。 27. —種用以吸收自失禁儸人排出之水性《液之尿布,該尿 布物品包含: I)相當液體不滲透性之螢片; I)相當液體滲透性之頂片; 1)位於該墊片與該頂片間之吸收核心•該吸收核心包 含根摊申請專利皤_第1項之«扃之聚合發抱材料 請 先 閱 讀 背 ιέ 之 注 項 再一 緣 寫 本 頁 裝 訂 線 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4洗格(210X297公釐) 申請專利範圍 A8 B8 C8 D8 ,其在接觸水性β液時·朦脹並且吸收該流體,該 聚合發泡材料包含互相遑接闋孔之親水性、可撓、 非麯子性聚合發泡構造*其包含: A) 1 .5至6 ·2/克之毛畑吸力表面稹比; Β) 3至6重量》之氯化鈣,及5至12重量X之山梨酵 月桂酸酯加入其中; C) 於其*鼸狀態: (i ) 5至15重量X之殘餘水含量; (ii) 0.1至0.2克/ c»3之乾嫌基礎密度; (iii ) 7至20 kPa之膨脹壓力; D) 於其嫌脹狀態: (i ) 25至50«升/克之孔體積; (ii ) 5至401:之壓埔彎曲抗力; (iii ) 5至35微米之數量平均孔度; (iv ) 於88T(31.1t:)M具有65 士 5達因/公分之表 面張力之合成尿飽和至其自由吸收容量時,具 有於懕_狀戆中乾燥基礎密度10至30X之密度 請 閲 讀 背 ιέ 之 注 項 裝 訂 線 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 28.根據申轔專利鼷鼷第27項之尿布,其中該發泡材科具有 a) b) 每克乾嫌發泡材料於88 T( 31.1它)之自由吸收容 最為大於或等於20«升該合成尿; 在37t:使該合成尿於5分鐘或更少沿_泡材料之5 公分垂直長度發生毛细作用之垂直毛细速率;及 -9 本紙伕尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X:297公釐) 309433 Α8 Β8 C8 D8 申請專利範圍 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 c) 在37 t:於11· 4公分之垂直毛细高度為大於或等於 75Χ該自由吸收容最之垂直毛细吸收能力。 29.根據申諝專利鱖_第28項之尿布*其中該吸收核心包括 :⑴位於尿布物品穿載者流體排放區域之流《處理曆; 及⑵與該上曆滾《連接•並且包含發泡材料之較低淀Β 雠存/再分布曆。 30 .根捕申謫專利範園第29項之尿布*其中該上層為包含雄 維素纖維之流《獲得/分布曆。 31. 根撺申請専利範鬮第30項之尿布,其中該雄維素纖維包 含化學加強之纖維素纖維5 32. 根據申請專利範画第28項之尿布,其中該發泡材料為拜 聚合具有以下之油包水乳液而製備: 1)油相,其中包含: a) 80至95重量%之單黼組份•其中包含: i > 10至30重量X之選自Μ苯乙烯為主之簞髖與K 甲基丙烯酸酯為主之覃髓之不溶於水溶簞官能 基玻狀單體; Η) 50至70重之凿自丙烯酸正丁觴與丙《酸 2-乙基己_之不溶於水、單官能基橡謬狀共軍 體; iii) 15至25重曇X之二乙烯基苯; b) 5至20重鼉X之包含山梨酵月桂酸醮之乳化劑姐 份,其溶於油相•並且形成安定之油包水乳液; 及 10 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4规格(210 X 297公釐) 請 先 閲 ι6 之 注 項 再 Η % 本 頁 309433 A8 B8 C8 D8六、申請專利範圍 2) 水相,其中包含1至10重量St之氯化鈣; 3) 水相對油相之重量比例為25:1至50:1。 33.根據申請專利篛圔第32項之尿布*其中該簞體姐份包含 i ) 1 5至2 5重量X之苯乙烯; ii ) 55至65重量之丙烯酸2-乙基己酯; iii ) 15至25重量J:之二乙烯基苯。 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製
    本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4洗格(210X297公釐)
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NO952055L (no) 1995-05-24
CA2151279A1 (en) 1994-06-23
ES2126738T3 (es) 1999-04-01
KR950704364A (ko) 1995-11-20
CN1090863A (zh) 1994-08-17
NZ258765A (en) 1997-08-22
US5387207A (en) 1995-02-07
MX9307847A (es) 1994-07-29
FI952854A (fi) 1995-06-09
BR9307630A (pt) 1999-09-08
HUT75859A (en) 1997-05-28
SA94140596B1 (ar) 2005-06-14
HU219869B (hu) 2001-08-28
CN1054858C (zh) 2000-07-26
WO1994013704A1 (en) 1994-06-23
AU693773B2 (en) 1998-07-09
NO952055D0 (no) 1995-05-24
CN1182819C (zh) 2005-01-05
HK1013083A1 (en) 1999-08-13
EP0673393A1 (en) 1995-09-27
DE69323324T2 (de) 1999-08-26
JP3230582B2 (ja) 2001-11-19
ATE176245T1 (de) 1999-02-15
EG20487A (en) 1999-05-31
SG54169A1 (en) 1998-11-16
FI112493B (fi) 2003-12-15
CZ140295A3 (en) 1996-01-17
DK0673393T3 (da) 1999-09-13
MA23052A1 (fr) 1994-07-01
TR28238A (tr) 1996-03-20
AU5680394A (en) 1994-07-04
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JPH08504474A (ja) 1996-05-14
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US5652194A (en) 1997-07-29
CA2151279C (en) 2000-02-29
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EP0673393B1 (en) 1999-01-27
CZ291855B6 (cs) 2003-06-18

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