TW201815965A - 樹脂組成物 - Google Patents
樹脂組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201815965A TW201815965A TW106130171A TW106130171A TW201815965A TW 201815965 A TW201815965 A TW 201815965A TW 106130171 A TW106130171 A TW 106130171A TW 106130171 A TW106130171 A TW 106130171A TW 201815965 A TW201815965 A TW 201815965A
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Classifications
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Abstract
一種樹脂組成物,其係含有(a)樹脂、(b)抗氧化劑、(d)交聯劑之樹脂組成物,其特徵為:前述(a)樹脂係包含由聚醯亞胺前驅物、聚醯胺、聚醯亞胺、聚苯并唑及此等的共聚物所選出的1種以上之樹脂而成,前述(d)交聯劑係在一分子中具有酚性羥基,且在前述酚性羥基之兩鄰位具有分子量40以上的取代基之交聯劑。
本發明提供一種樹脂組成物,其除了得到微細圖案,且250℃以下的低溫硬化為可能,亦得到面內均勻性優異,於實際使用的加速試驗之可靠性評價後,也具有高延伸度且與金屬配線高的密著性之圖案硬化膜。
Description
本發明關於樹脂組成物。更詳細而言,關於半導體元件等之表面保護膜、層間絕緣膜、有機電場發光元件之絕緣層等所適用的樹脂組成物。
以往,於電子機器的半導體元件之表面保護膜或層間絕緣膜等中,廣泛使用耐熱性或機械特性等優異的聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚苯并唑樹脂等。使用聚醯亞胺或聚苯并唑作為表面保護膜或層間絕緣膜時,貫穿孔等的形成方法之1個係使用正型光阻的蝕刻。然而,於此方法中,需要光阻的塗布或剝離之步驟,有繁雜之問題。因此,以操作步驟的合理化為目的,檢討賦予感光性的耐熱性材料。
通常,聚醯亞胺或聚苯并唑係可使彼等之前驅物的塗膜熱脫水閉環,而得到具有優異的耐熱性及機械特性之薄膜。此情形,通常需要350℃左右的高溫焙燒。然而,例如作為新世代記憶體備受期待的MRAM(Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory:磁阻記憶體)或密封樹脂係經不起高溫。因此,為了用於如此的元件之表面保護膜或在密封樹脂上形成再配線結構的扇出晶圓級封裝之層間絕緣膜,要求以約250℃以下的 低溫之焙燒進行硬化,得到與以往之在350℃左右的高溫焙燒材料之情況比不遜色的可靠性高之膜特性的聚醯亞胺樹脂或聚苯并唑樹脂。
又,近年的半導體封裝係隨著高積體化、小型化及高速度化之要求,而配線往微細化進展。伴隨於此,於表面保護膜或層間絕緣膜等,亦要求能形成微細圖案的感光性樹脂組成物,但以非感光性之樹脂組成物或因曝光部交聯而不溶於顯像液的負型感光性樹脂組成物,無法形成微細圖案,且由於硬化時的膜收縮大,而有面內均勻性差之問題。
另一方面,將耐熱性樹脂組成物使用於半導體等之用途時,加熱硬化後的膜係在裝置內作為永久膜殘留。因此,加熱硬化後的膜之物性為重要,對於實際使用的加速試驗之可靠性評價後的硬化膜之物性,尤其延伸度,確認已滿足要求規格後,供半導體封裝。又,作為半導體封裝的可靠性,與半導體晶片表面上所形成的材料之密著性為重要。特別地作為晶圓級封裝的配線層間之絕緣膜等的用途使用時,與電極或配線等所用的金屬材料之密著性變重要。然而,包含上述能低溫硬化的樹脂之樹脂組成物,係有與此等作為配線材料使用的金屬之密著性低的問題。特別地,於由能形成微細圖案的感光性樹脂組成物所形成的樹脂硬化膜之情況,由於構成組成物的感光劑、增感劑、酸產生劑及溶解調整劑等之添加物係在加熱硬化後亦殘留在硬化膜中,故密著強度比不含添加物者低。
對於此等的問題,有揭示藉由在感光性樹脂中添加防銅變色劑,而抑制銅腐蝕之感光性樹脂組成物(參照專利文獻1),藉由在具有脂肪族基的聚苯并唑中添加雜環狀化合物,而得到對於銅的密著性或高延伸度之感光性樹脂組成物(參照專利文獻2)。又,亦進行藉由在聚醯亞胺樹脂中添加抗氧化劑與環氧樹脂而提高延伸度之檢討(參照專利文獻3)。
專利文獻1 日本特開2011-169980號公報
專利文獻2 日本特開2010-96927號公報
專利文獻3 日本特開2010-77382號公報
然而,於感光性樹脂中添加有防銅變色劑的感光性樹脂組成物,或在具有脂肪族基的聚苯并唑中添加有雜環狀化合物的感光性樹脂組成物之硬化膜,由於未適當地組合使用交聯劑與抗氧化劑,而硬化膜的面內均勻性差,且高溫保持試驗、恒溫高濕試驗、熱循環試驗等之可靠性評價後的延伸度低,而且有發生從金屬配線之剝離的問題。關於在聚醯亞胺樹脂中加有抗氧化劑與環氧樹脂之樹脂組成物,亦由於未使用適當的交聯劑,而硬化後的收縮大,膜內中膜厚‧圖案不均勻,有發生延伸度降低之問題,微細的圖案形成為困難。
本發明係鑒於如上述的習知技術所伴隨的問題而完成者,提供一種樹脂組成物,其除了得到微細的圖案,且250℃以下的低溫硬化為可能,亦得到面內均勻性優異,於可靠性評價後亦具有高延伸度且與金屬配線高密著性之圖案硬化膜。
為了解決上述問題,本發明係以下的各構成為特徵者。
[1]一種樹脂組成物,其係含有(a)樹脂、(b)抗氧化劑、(d)交聯劑之樹脂組成物,其特徵為:前述(a)樹脂係包含由聚醯亞胺前驅物、聚醯胺、聚醯亞胺、聚苯并唑及此等的共聚物所選出的1種以上之樹脂而成,前述(d)交聯劑係在一分子中具有酚性羥基,且在前述酚性羥基之兩鄰位具有分子量40以上的取代基之交聯劑。
[2]如[1]記載之樹脂組成物,其中前述(a)樹脂係具有酚性羥基的鹼可溶性樹脂,該樹脂組成物進一步含有(c)萘醌二疊氮化合物。
[3]如[1]或[2]記載之樹脂組成物,其中前述(d)交聯劑係在一分子中具有3個以上的酚性羥基之交聯劑。
[4]如[1]~[3]中任一項記載之樹脂組成物,其中前述(b)抗氧化劑係具有受阻酚結構之抗氧化劑。
[5]如[1]~[4]中任一項記載之樹脂組成物,其中前述(b)抗氧化劑包含通式(1)所示的化合物。
(通式(1)中,R1表示氫原子或碳數2以上的烷基,R2表示碳數2以上的伸烷基;A表示包含碳數2以上的伸烷基、O原子及N原子中的至少任一者之1~4價的有機基;k表示1~4之整數)。
[6]如[1]~[5]中任一項記載之樹脂組成物,其中前述(a)樹脂具有通式(2)所示的結構單元。
(通式(2)中,R3~R6各自獨立地表示碳數2~10的伸烷基,a、b及c各自表示1≦a≦20、0≦b≦20、0≦c≦20之範圍內的整數,重複單元的排列可為嵌段的,也可為隨機的;又,通式(2)中,*表示化學鍵結)。
[7]如[1]~[6]中任一項記載之樹脂組成物,其中前述(a)樹脂至少包含聚醯胺與聚醯亞胺的共聚物而成,前述聚醯胺具有來自具有脂肪族基的二胺之結構單元,且相對於100莫耳%的來自全部二胺之結構單元而言,前述來自具有脂肪族基的二胺之結構單元之含量為5~40莫耳%之範圍內。
[8]如[1]~[7]中任一項記載之樹脂組成物,其中前述(a)樹脂至少包含聚醯胺與聚醯亞胺的共聚物而成,相對於合計100莫耳%的前述聚醯胺與前述聚醯亞胺之結構單元而言,前述聚醯亞胺之結構單元之含量為2~50莫耳%之範圍內。
[9]如[1]~[8]中任一項記載之樹脂組成物,其進一步含有(e)通式(3)所示的化合物,相對於100質量份的前述(a)樹脂而言,前述(e)通式(3)所示的化合物之含量為0.5~15質量份之範圍內。
(通式(3)中,R7~R9表示O原子或S原子、N原子的任一者,R7~R9中的至少1者表示S原子;l表示0或1,m、n表示0~2之整數;R10~R12各自獨立地表示氫原子或碳數1~20的有機基)。
[10]如[1]~[9]中任一項記載之樹脂組成物,其進一步含有(f)具有下述通式(4)所示的結構單元之熱交聯劑;
(通式(4)中,R13及R14各自獨立地表示氫原子或甲基;R15係具有碳數2以上的伸烷基之2價的有機基,可為直鏈狀、分枝狀及環狀之任一者)。
[11]一種樹脂片,其係由如[1]~[10]中任一項記載之樹脂組成物所形成。
[12]一種硬化膜,其係將如[1]~[10]中任一項記載之樹脂組成物予以硬化者。
[13]一種硬化膜,其係將如[11]記載之樹脂片予以硬化者。
[14]如[12]或[13]記載之硬化膜,其斷裂點延伸度為50%以上。
[15]一種硬化膜的凸紋圖案之製造方法,其包含:將如[2]~[10]中任一項記載之樹脂組成物塗布於基板上,或將如請求項11記載之樹脂片積層於基板上,乾燥而形成樹脂膜之步驟,隔著遮罩進行曝光之步驟,以鹼溶液溶出或去除照射部而顯像之步驟,及加熱處理顯像後的樹脂膜之步驟。
[16]如[15]記載之硬化膜的凸紋圖案之製造方法,其中前述將樹脂組成物塗布於基板上,乾燥而形成樹脂膜之步驟,包含使用狹縫噴嘴,塗布於基板上之步驟。
[17]一種半導體電子零件或半導體裝置,其係配置有如[12]~[14]中任一項記載之硬化膜作為銅金屬的再配線間之層間絕緣膜。
[18]如[17]記載之半導體電子零件或半導體裝置,其中前述再配線係以經氧化處理的銅金屬配線所構成。
[19]如[17]或[18]記載之半導體電子零件或半導體裝置,其中前述再配線係銅金屬配線,銅金屬配線之寬度與相鄰配線彼此之間隔為5μm以下。
[20]一種半導體電子零件或半導體裝置,其中如[12]~[14]中任一項記載之硬化膜係作為再配線間之層間絕緣膜,配置於配置有矽晶片的密封樹脂基板上。
[21]如[17]~[20]記載之半導體電子零件或半導體裝置,其中前述再配線係銅金屬配線,更隔著凸塊而連接半導體晶片與銅金屬配線。
[22]如[17]~[21]記載之半導體電子零件或半導體裝置,其中隨著如[17]記載之再配線層接近半導體晶片,金屬配線的寬度與相鄰配線彼此之間隔變窄。
[23]如[17]~[22]記載之半導體電子零件或半導體裝置,其中如[17]記載之層間絕緣膜的厚度係隨著接近半導體晶片而變薄。
[24]一種有機EL顯示裝置,其具備如[12]~[14]中任一項之硬化膜。
[25]一種半導體電子零件或半導體裝置之製造方法,其包含:將如[12]~[14]中任一項記載之硬化膜當作再配線間之層間絕緣膜,配置於配置有暫貼材料的支撐基板上之步驟, 於其上配置矽晶片與密封樹脂之步驟,及然後剝離配置有暫貼材料的支撐基板與再配線之步驟。
提供一種樹脂組成物,其除了得到微細圖案,且250℃以下的低溫硬化為可能,亦得到面內均勻性優異,於可靠性評價後也具有高延伸度且與金屬配線高密著性之圖案硬化膜。
1‧‧‧矽晶圓
2‧‧‧Al墊
3‧‧‧鈍化膜
4‧‧‧絕緣膜
5‧‧‧金屬(Cr、Ti等)膜
6‧‧‧金屬配線(Al、Cu等)
7‧‧‧絕緣膜
8‧‧‧位障金屬
9‧‧‧切割線
10‧‧‧焊點凸塊
11‧‧‧密封樹脂
12‧‧‧基板
13‧‧‧絕緣膜
14‧‧‧絕緣膜
15‧‧‧金屬(Cr、Ti等)膜
16‧‧‧金屬配線(Ag、Cu等)
17‧‧‧金屬配線(Ag、Cu等)
18‧‧‧電極
19‧‧‧密封樹脂
20‧‧‧支撐基板(玻璃基板、矽晶圓)
21‧‧‧電極焊墊(Cu)
22‧‧‧絕緣膜
23‧‧‧金屬配線(Cu)
24‧‧‧Cu柱
25‧‧‧焊點凸塊
26‧‧‧半導體晶片
27‧‧‧TFT(薄膜電晶體)
28‧‧‧配線
29‧‧‧TFT絕緣層
30‧‧‧平坦化層
31‧‧‧ITO(透明電極)
32‧‧‧基板
33‧‧‧接觸孔
34‧‧‧絕緣層
圖1係顯示具有凸塊的半導體裝置之焊墊部分的放大剖面之圖。
圖2係顯示具有凸塊的半導體裝置之詳細的製作方法之圖。
圖3係顯示本發明之實施例的半焊墊部分之放大剖面圖。
圖4係顯示本發明之實施例的電感裝置之線圈零件之剖面圖。
圖5係顯示RDL優先中的半導體裝置製作方法之圖。
圖6係TFT基板的一例之剖面圖。
本發明之樹脂組成物係含有(a)樹脂、(b)抗氧化劑(d)交聯劑之樹脂組成物,其特徵為: 前述(a)樹脂係包含由聚醯亞胺前驅物、聚醯胺、聚醯亞胺、聚苯并唑及此等的共聚物所選出的1種以上之樹脂而成,前述(d)交聯劑係在一分子中具有酚性羥基,且在前述酚性羥基之兩鄰位具有分子量40以上的取代基之交聯劑。
本發明之樹脂組成物係藉由適當地使用(b)抗氧化劑與(d)交聯劑,而除了得到微細的圖案,且250℃以下的低溫硬化為可能,亦得到面內均勻性優異,於可靠性評價後也具有高延伸度且與金屬配線高密著性之圖案硬化膜。
又,前述(a)樹脂係具有酚性羥基的鹼可溶性樹脂,再者當含有(c)萘醌二疊氮化合物時,可進一步得到微細的圖案,同時可省略繁雜的步驟,作業的合理化變為可能而較佳。
於本發明中,所謂的鹼可溶性樹脂,係指溶解於氫氧化四甲銨、膽鹼、三乙胺、二甲基胺基吡啶、單乙醇胺、二乙基胺基乙醇、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉等之鹼水溶液中的樹脂。
前述的聚醯胺結構係2組的胺基與羥基互相在鄰位的苯并唑前驅物、或其它的聚羥基醯胺、聚醯胺、或彼等之共聚合結構。又,前述的聚醯亞胺前驅物結構係聚醯胺酸、聚醯胺酸酯、樹脂末端或樹脂側鏈經醯胺酸或及醯胺酸酯所封閉的結構。
又,前述(a)樹脂較佳為具有通式(2)所示的結構單元。
(通式(2)中,R3~R6各自獨立地表示碳數2~10的伸烷基,a、b及c各自表示1≦a≦20、0≦b≦20、0≦c≦20之範圍內的整數,重複單元的排列可為嵌段的,也可為隨機的;又,通式(2)中,*表示化學鍵結)。
於通式(2)所示的結構單元中,藉由醚基所具有之伸縮性,在作成硬化膜時可賦予高延伸性。又,藉由前述醚基之存在,可與金屬錯合形成或氫鍵結,而可得到與金屬的高密著性。
再者,前述(a)樹脂至少包含聚醯胺與聚醯亞胺的共聚物而成,前述聚醯胺具有來自具有脂肪族基的二胺之結構單元,且相對於100莫耳%的來自全部二胺之結構單元而言,來自具有脂肪族基的二胺之結構單元之含量為5~40莫耳%之範圍內者為較佳。
於本發明中,具有脂肪族基的二胺殘基較佳為包含於前述聚醯胺結構、醯亞胺前驅物及聚醯亞胺的至少任一結構中。可包含於任1個結構中,也可包含於全部的結構中,但包含於聚醯胺結構中者由於金屬密著與高延伸度化的效果大而較佳。又,由於以相對於100莫耳%的來自全部二胺之結構單元而言,藉由含有來自具有脂肪族基的二胺之結構單元之含量為5莫耳%以 上,而得到具有脂肪族基的二胺殘基所致的高金屬密著之效果,且藉由含有40莫耳%以下,不易引起脂肪族基的氧化降解,故可防止從金屬基板之剝離,可得到具有高可靠性的硬化膜而較佳。
又,藉由具有聚醯亞胺結構,而比聚醯胺結構單質之情況更提高與金屬的相互作用,可提高作成硬化膜時的與金屬之密著性。
再者,相對於合計100莫耳%的前述(a)樹脂之前述聚醯胺與前述聚醯亞胺之結構單元而言,前述聚醯亞胺的結構單元之含量較佳為2~50莫耳%之範圍內。藉由具有2莫耳%以上的聚醯亞胺結構,而比聚醯胺結構單質之情況更提高與金屬的相互作用,可提高作成硬化膜時的與金屬之密著性,若為50%莫耳%以下,則由於可得到聚醯胺所致的高延伸性而較佳。
於本發明中,前述(a)樹脂較佳係前述聚醯胺為通式(5)所示的結構,前述聚醯亞胺前驅物及聚醯亞胺具有由通式(6)及通式(7)所示的結構所選出的至少1種以上之結構,前述聚苯并唑具有通式(8)所示的結構之樹脂。
(通式(5)~(8)中,X1表示2~6價的有機基,X2及X3各自獨立地表示4~10價的有機基,X4表示2~6價的有機基,Y1~Y3各自獨立地表示2~4價的有機基,Y4表示4~6價的有機基,R表示氫原子或碳數1~20的有機基;p、q、r、s、t、u、v、w各自獨立地為0~4之整數。
上述通式(5)中,X1、X4表示碳數2以上的2價~6價有機基,表示酸的結構成分。X1、X4係來自對苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸、二苯基醚二羧酸、萘二羧酸、雙(羧基苯基)丙烷等之芳香族二羧酸、環丁烷二羧酸、環己烷二羧酸、丙二酸、二甲基丙二酸、乙基丙二酸、異丙基丙二酸、二正丁基丙二酸、琥珀酸、四氟琥珀酸、甲基琥珀酸、2,2-二甲基琥珀酸、2,3-二甲基琥珀酸、二甲基甲基琥珀酸、戊二酸、六氟戊二酸、2-甲基戊二酸、3-甲基戊二酸、2,2-二甲基戊二酸、3,3-二甲基戊二酸、3-乙基-3-甲基戊二酸、己二酸、八氟己二酸、3-甲基己二酸、八氟己二酸、庚二酸、2,2,6,6-四甲基庚二酸、辛二酸、十二氟辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十六氟癸二酸、1,9-壬二酸、十二烷二酸、十三烷二酸、十四烷二酸、十五烷二酸、十六烷二酸、十七烷二酸、十八烷二酸、十九烷二酸、二十烷二酸、二十一烷二酸、二十二烷二酸、二十三烷二酸、二十四烷二酸、二十五烷二酸、二十六烷二酸、二十七烷二酸、二十八烷二酸、二十九烷二酸、三十烷二酸、三十一烷二酸、三十二烷二酸、二甘醇酸等之脂肪族二羧酸、或進一步下述通式所示的二羧酸、或偏苯三酸、均苯三酸等之三羧酸、此等之芳香族環或烴之氫原子的一部分經碳數1~10的烷基或氟烷基、鹵素原子等所取代者、或包含-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-NH-、-NCH3-、-N(CH2CH3)-、-N(CH2CH2CH3)-、-N(CH(CH3)2)-、-COO-、-CONH-、-OCONH-或-NHCONH-等之鍵結者的結構。
其中,X1、X4為來自具有芳香族的二羧酸之結構,由於在熱硬化時閉環係不易發生,故可抑制因膜收縮所致的應力上升,提高密著性而較佳。
於製造樹脂時,在進行聚縮合之際,例如可使用X1、X4的羧酸基經如下述通式所示的活性羧酸基所取代的化合物。
式中,B及C各自獨立地可舉出氫原子、甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、第三丁基、三氟甲基、鹵基、苯氧基、硝基等,惟不受此等所限定。
其中,較佳為使用氯化物(chloride)化合物以外的活性羧酸基。藉由使用氯化物化合物以外的活性羧酸基,可減少所得之樹脂中的氯離子,可防止起因於氯離子之存在所造成的從金屬基板之剝離。又,作為活性羧酸基,較佳為使用二咪唑化物化合物。二咪唑化物化合物之脫離基由於變成水溶性的咪唑,可以水進行所得之樹脂的再沈澱或洗淨。再者,所脫離的咪唑由於為鹼性,在聚合時作為聚醯亞胺前驅物結構的閉環促進劑作用,於製造聚醯胺樹脂之階段中,可提高醯亞胺化的閉環率。結果,可降低藉由熱處理製作硬化膜時的閉環率。
通式(5)~(7)中的Y1~Y3表示2價~4價的有機基,Y4表示4~6價的有機基,表示來自二胺的有機基。
通式(5)~(7)中的Y1~Y4較佳為含有具有酚性羥基的二胺殘基。藉由使其含有具有酚性羥基的二胺 殘基,因而得到樹脂在鹼顯像液中的適度溶解性,得到曝光部與未曝光部的高對比,可形成所欲的圖案。
具有酚性羥基的二胺之具體例,例如可舉出雙(3-胺基-4-羥基苯基)六氟丙烷、雙(3-胺基-4-羥基苯基)碸、雙(3-胺基-4-羥基苯基)丙烷、雙(3-胺基-4-羥基苯基)亞甲基、雙(3-胺基-4-羥基苯基)醚、雙(3-胺基-4-羥基)聯苯、2,2’-二-三氟甲基-5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯、雙(3-胺基-4-羥基苯基)茀、2,2’-雙(三氟甲基)-5,5’-二羥基聯苯胺等之芳香族二胺,或此等的芳香族環或烴的氫原子之一部分經碳數1~10的烷基或氟烷基、鹵素原子等所取代之化合物,還有可舉出具有下述所示的結構之二胺等,惟不受此等所限定。共聚合的其它二胺係可直接或作為對應的二異氰酸酯化合物、三甲基矽化二胺使用。又,亦可組合此等2種以上的二胺成分而使用。
Y1~Y4亦可包含前述以外之具有芳香族的二胺殘基。藉由共聚合此等,可提高耐熱性。作為具有芳香族的二胺殘基之具體例,可舉出3,4’-二胺基二苯基醚、4,4’-二胺基二苯基醚、3,4’-二胺基二苯基甲烷、4,4’-二胺基二苯基甲烷、3,4’-二胺基二苯基碸、4,4’-二胺基 二苯基碸、3,4’-二胺基二苯基硫化物、4,4’-二胺基二苯基硫化物、1,4-雙(4-胺基苯氧基)苯、苯炔、間苯二胺、對苯二胺、1,5-萘二胺、2,6-萘二胺、雙(4-胺基苯氧基苯基)碸、雙(3-胺基苯氧基苯基)碸、雙(4-胺基苯氧基)聯苯、雙{4-(4-胺基苯氧基)苯基}醚、1,4-雙(4-胺基苯氧基)苯、2,2’-二甲基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯、2,2’-二乙基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯、3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯、3,3’-二乙基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯、2,2’,3,3’-四甲基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯、3,3’,4,4’-四甲基-4,4’-二胺基聯苯、2,2’-雙(三氟甲基)-4,4’-二胺基聯苯等的芳香族二胺,或此等的芳香族環或烴之氫原子的一部分經碳數1~10的烷基或氟烷基、鹵素原子等所取代的化合物等,惟不受此等所限定。共聚合的其它二胺係可直接或作為對應的二異氰酸酯化合物、三甲基矽化二胺使用。又,亦可組合此等2種以上的二胺成分而使用。
又,Y1~Y4較佳為包含具有脂肪族基的二胺殘基。具有脂肪族基的二胺殘基由於與金屬親和性高,可作成金屬密著性高的樹脂。又,脂肪族二胺由於鹼性高,在聚合時作為閉環促進劑作用,於製造聚醯胺樹脂之階段中,可提高醯亞胺骨架的閉環率。結果,可降低熱硬化時的閉環率,可抑制硬化膜的收縮及因其所發生的硬化膜之應力上升。藉此,可抑制因應力所造成的密著力降低。再者,柔軟的脂肪族二胺殘基由於有助於聚醯胺的高延伸度化,而提高與金屬的密著性,可得到具有低應力性、高延伸性的硬化膜。
於本發明中,含有脂肪族基的二胺較佳為具有烷基及烷基醚基的至少任一者之有機基。具體而言,為由烷基、環烷基、烷基醚基、環烷基醚基的至少一個所選出的二胺,此等的烴之氫原子的一部分可經碳數1~10的烷基或氟烷基、鹵素原子等所取代,可包含-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-NH-、-NCH3-、-N(CH2CH3)-、-N(CH2CH2CH3)-、-N(CH(CH3)2)-、-COO-、-CONH-、-OCONH-或-NHCONH-等之鍵結,還有此等的有機基亦可具有不飽和鍵或脂環結構。
又,於本發明中,稱呼為具有脂肪族基的二胺之情形,係意指不含矽氧烷結構的二胺。此係因為於二胺中具有矽氧烷結構時,雖然可提高對於矽基板的密著性,但是賦予本發明目的之高延伸性或高金屬密著性的效果低。以提高與矽基板的密著性為目的而含有矽氧烷結構時,於本發明中如後述,可使通式(5)~(8)中的Y1~Y4中含有矽氧烷結構。
作為具有脂肪族基的二胺之具體化合物,可舉出乙二胺、1,3-二胺基丙烷、2-甲基-1,3-丙二胺、1,4-二胺基丁烷、1,5-二胺基戊烷、2-甲基-1,5-二胺基戊烷、1,6-二胺基己烷、1,7-二胺基庚烷、1,8-二胺基辛烷、1,9-二胺基壬烷、1,10-二胺基癸烷、1,11-二胺基十一烷、1,12-二胺基十二烷、1,2-環己烷二胺、1,3-環己烷二胺、1,4-環己烷二胺、1,2-雙(胺基甲基)環己烷、1,3-雙(胺基甲基)環己烷、1,4-雙(胺基甲基)環己烷、4,4’-亞甲基雙(環己基胺)、4,4’-亞甲基雙(2-甲基環己基胺)、1,2-雙(2-胺基 乙氧基)乙烷、KH-511、ED-600、ED-900、ED-2003、EDR-148、EDR-176、D-200、D-400、D-2000、THF-100、THF-140、THF-170、RE-600、RE-900、RE-2000、RP-405、RP-409、RP-2005、RP-2009、RT-1000、HE-1000、HT-1100、HT-1700(以上商品名,HUNTSMAN(股)製),以及以下的化合物,此等的芳香族環或烴之氫原子的一部分可經碳數1~10的烷基或氟烷基、鹵素原子等所取代,可包含-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-NH-、-NCH3-、-N(CH2CH3)-、-N(CH2CH2CH3)-、-N(CH(CH3)2)-、-COO-、-CONH-、-OCONH-或-NHCONH-等之鍵結。
(式中n為1~20之整數)。
於本發明中,具有肪族基的二胺係具有由烷基及烷基醚基所選出的至少一者之有機基,此等較佳係主鏈成為直鏈的非環化結構者,因為得到柔軟性及伸縮性,作成硬化膜時可達成低應力化、高延伸度化。
又,具有脂肪族基的二胺殘基更佳為具有通式(2)所示的結構單元。
(通式(2)中,R3~R6各自獨立地表示碳數2~10的伸烷基,a、b、c各自表示1≦a≦20、0≦b≦20、0≦c≦20之範圍內的整數,重複單元的排列係可為嵌段的,也可為隨機的;通式(2)中,*表示化學鍵結)。
於通式(2)所示的結構單元中,藉由醚基所具有之伸縮性,在作成硬化膜時可賦予高延伸性。又,藉由前述醚基之存在,可與金屬錯合形成或氫鍵結,而可得到與金屬的高密著性。
作為具有通式(2)所示的結構單元之化合物,可舉出1,2-雙(2-胺基乙氧基)乙烷、KH-511、ED-600、ED-900、ED-2003、EDR-148、EDR-176、D-200、D-400、D-2000、THF-100、THF-140、THF-170、RE-600、RE-900、RE-2000、RP-405、RP-409、RP-2005、RP-2009、RT-1000、HE-1000、HT-1100、HT-1700(以上商品名,HUNTSMAN(股)製),或以下之通式所示的化合物,此等的芳香族環或烴之氫原子的一部分可經碳數1~10的烷基或氟烷基、鹵素原子等所取代,可包含-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-NH-、-NCH3-、-N(CH2CH3)-、-N(CH2CH2CH3)-、-N(CH(CH3)2)-、-COO-、-CONH-、-OCONH-或-NHCONH-等之鍵結,惟不受此所限定。
(式中n為1~20之整數)。
又,通式(2)所示的結構單元之數量平均分子量較佳為150以上2,000以下。為了得到柔軟性及伸縮性,通式(2)所示的結構單元之數量平均分子量較佳為150以上,更佳為600以上,進一步較佳為900以上。又,為了能維持在鹼溶液中的溶解性,通式(2)所示的結構單元之數量平均分子量較佳為2,000以下,更佳為1,800以下,進一步較佳為1,500以下。
另外,於烷基醚之中,四亞甲基醚基由於耐熱性優異,可賦予可靠性評價後的金屬密著性而較佳。作為例子,可舉出RT-1000、HE-1000、HT-1100、HT-1700(以上商品名,HUNTSMAN(股)製)等,惟不受此所限定。
還有,具有脂肪族基的二胺較佳為不具有芳香族基的結構。由於不具有芳香族基,可賦予充分的柔軟性,故可賦予高延伸性。
藉由使用如此之具有脂肪族基的二胺,可一邊維持在鹼溶液中的溶解性,一邊對於所得之硬化膜,賦予低應力性、高延伸性及高金屬密著性。
於本發明中,具有脂肪族基的二胺殘基之含量較佳為全部二胺殘基中的5~40莫耳%。藉由含有5莫耳%以上,可得到具有脂肪族基的二胺殘基所致之高金屬密著的效果,且藉由含有40莫耳%以下,樹脂的吸濕性變低,故可防止從金屬基板之剝離,得到具有高可靠性的硬化膜而較佳。
具有脂肪族基的二胺殘基之重複單元的排列係可為嵌段的,也可為隨機的,但除了為了能對於聚醯胺結構賦予高金屬密著性與低應力化,再加上提升延伸度,較佳為包含於通式(5)所示的聚醯胺結構中者。
再者,為了提高與矽基板的密著性,通式(5)~(7)中的Y1~Y3亦可共聚合具有矽氧烷結構的脂肪族之基。具體而言,作為二胺成分,可舉出共聚合有1~10莫耳%的雙(3-胺基丙基)四甲基二矽氧烷、雙(對胺基苯基)八甲基五矽氧烷等者等。
又,於作為聚醯亞胺前驅物結構的上述通式(6)或作為聚醯亞胺結構的通式(7)中,X2~X3表示酸二酐的殘基,為4價~10價的有機基。
作為前述酸二酐,具體地可舉出苯均四酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-聯苯基四羧酸二酐、2,3,3’,4’-聯苯基四羧酸二酐、2,2’,3,3’-聯苯基四羧酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-二苯基酮四羧酸二酐、2,2’,3,3’-二苯基酮四羧酸二酐、2,2-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)丙烷二酐、2,2-雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)丙烷二酐、1,1-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、1,1-雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)甲烷二酐、 雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)甲烷二酐、雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)碸二酐、雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)醚二酐、1,2,5,6-萘四羧酸二酐、9,9-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)茀酸二酐、9,9-雙{4-(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯基}茀酸二酐、2,3,6,7-萘四羧酸二酐、2,3,5,6-吡啶四羧酸二酐、3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二酐、2,2-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)六氟丙烷二酐等之芳香族四羧酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-二苯基碸四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-環丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-環戊烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,4,5-環己烷四羧酸二酐、3,4-二羧基-1,2,3,4-四氫-1-萘琥珀酸二酐、5-(2,5-二側氧基四氫呋喃基)-3-甲基-3-環己烯-1,2-二羧酸二酐、2,3,5-三羧基-2-環戊烷乙酸二酐、雙環[2.2.2]辛-7-烯-2,3,5,6-四羧酸二酐、2,3,4,5-四氫呋喃四羧酸二酐、3,5,6-三羧基-2-降烷乙酸二酐、1,3,3a,4,5,9b-六氫-5(四氫-2,5-二側氧基-3-呋喃基)萘并[1,2-c]呋喃-1,3-二酮及下述式所示的結構之酸二酐,或此等之芳香族環或烴之氫原子的一部分經碳數1~10的烷基或氟烷基、鹵素原子等所取代的化合物等,惟不受此等所限定。
R16表示氧原子、C(CF3)2、C(CH3)2或SO2,R17及R18表示氫原子、羥基或硫醇基。
於此等之中,較佳為3,3’,4,4’-聯苯基四羧酸二酐、2,3,3’,4’-聯苯基四羧酸二酐、2,2’,3,3’-聯苯基四羧酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-二苯基酮四羧酸二酐、2,2’,3,3’-二苯基酮四羧酸二酐、2,2-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)丙烷二酐、2,2-雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)丙烷二酐、1,1-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、1,1-雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)甲烷二酐、雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)甲烷二酐、雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)碸二酐、雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)醚二酐、2,2-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)六氟丙烷二酐、3,3’,4,4’-二苯基碸四羧酸二酐、9,9-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)茀酸二酐、9,9-雙{4-(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯基}茀酸二酐、丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-環戊烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,4,5-環己烷 四羧酸二酐、1,3,3a,4,5,9b-六氫-5(四氫-2,5-二側氧基-3-呋喃基)萘并[1,2-c]呋喃-1,3-二酮。此等係可單獨或組合2種以上使用。
通式(6)之R表示氫原子或碳數1~20之1價的有機基。從在鹼顯像液中的溶解性與所得之樹脂組成物的溶液安定性之點來看,R之10莫耳%~90莫耳%較佳為氫原子。再者,更佳為R含有至少1個以上的碳數1~16的1價烴基,其它為氫原子者。
又,為了得到高延伸性、高金屬密著性之硬化膜,相對於合計100莫耳%的前述(a)樹脂之前述聚醯胺與前述聚醯亞胺整結構單元而言,前述聚醯亞胺的結構單元之含量較佳為2~50莫耳%之範圍內。藉由具有2莫耳%以上的聚醯亞胺結構,比聚醯胺結構單質之情況更提高與金屬的相互作用,可提高作成硬化膜時的與金屬之密著性,若為50莫耳%以內,則可得到聚醯胺所致的高延伸性。
本發明中的通式(5)~(8)所示的結構之莫耳比,係可於自聚合時使用的單體之莫耳比所算出的方法,或使用核磁共振裝置(NMR),檢測出所得之樹脂、樹脂組成物、硬化膜中的聚醯胺結構或醯亞胺前驅物結構、醯亞胺結構之波峰的方法確認。
於本發明中,(a)樹脂係重量平均分子量較佳為3,000~200,000。於此範圍中,由於得到在鹼顯像液中適度的溶解性,故得到曝光部與未曝光部之高對比,可形成所欲的圖案。從在鹼顯像液中的溶解性之方面來 看,更佳為100,000以下,尤佳為50,000以下。又,從延伸度提高之方面來看,較佳為1.0000以上。此處,分子量係可藉由凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)測定,由標準聚苯乙烯校正曲線換算而得。
為了提高本發明之樹脂組成物的保存安定性,前述聚醯胺樹脂係主鏈末端可被單胺、單羧酸、酸酐、單活性酯化合物等其它的末端封閉劑所封閉。
又,藉由具有羥基、羧基、磺酸基、硫醇基、乙烯基、乙炔基或烯丙基的末端封閉劑來封閉前述聚醯胺樹脂之末端,可將前述聚醯胺樹脂在鹼溶液中的溶解速度或所得之硬化膜的機械特性容易地調整至較佳的範圍。
為了抑制聚醯胺樹脂的重量平均分子量變高而在鹼溶液中的溶解性降低,相對於全部胺成分,末端封閉劑之導入比例較佳為0.1莫耳%以上,更佳為5莫耳%以上。又,為了抑制因聚醯胺樹脂之重量平均分子量變低而所得之硬化膜的機械特性降低,較佳為60莫耳%以下,更佳為50莫耳%以下。另外,亦可使複數的末端封閉劑反應,導入複數的不同末端基。
作為末端封閉劑的單胺,具體地可使用M-600、M-1000、M-2005、M-2070(以上商品名,HUNTSMAN(股)製)、苯胺、2-乙炔基苯胺、3-乙炔基苯胺、4-乙炔基苯胺、5-胺基-8-羥基喹啉、1-羥基-7-胺基萘、1-羥基-6-胺基萘、1-羥基-5-胺基萘、1-羥基-4-胺基萘、2-羥基-7-胺基萘、2-羥基-6-胺基萘、2-羥基-5-胺基 萘、1-羧基-7-胺基萘、1-羧基-6-胺基萘、1-羧基-5-胺基萘、2-羧基-7-胺基萘、2-羧基-6-胺基萘、2-羧基-5-胺基萘、2-胺基苯甲酸、3-胺基苯甲酸、4-胺基苯甲酸、4-胺基水楊酸、5-胺基水楊酸、6-胺基水楊酸、2-胺基苯磺酸、3-胺基苯磺酸、4-胺基苯磺酸、3-胺基-4,6-二羥基嘧啶、2-胺基苯酚、3-胺基苯酚、4-胺基苯酚、2-胺基硫酚、3-胺基硫酚、4-胺基硫酚等。亦可使用2種以上的此等。
作為末端封閉劑的單羧酸、單活性酯化合物,可使用3-羧基苯酚、4-羧基苯酚、3-羧基硫酚、4-羧基硫酚、1-羥基-7-羧基萘、1-羥基-6-羧基萘、1-羥基-5-羧基萘、1-巰基-7-羧基萘、1-巰基-6-羧基萘、1-巰基-5-羧基萘、3-羧基苯磺酸、4-羧基苯磺酸等之單羧酸類及此等的羧基已酯化之活性酯化合物、鄰苯二甲酸酐、馬來酸酐、納迪克酸酐(nadic anhydride)、環己烷二羧酸酐、3-羥基鄰苯二甲酸酐等之酸酐、作為二羧酸的鄰苯二甲酸、馬來酸、納迪克酸、環己烷二羧酸、3-羥基鄰苯二甲酸、5-降烯-2,3-二羧酸、或作為三羧酸的偏苯三酸、均苯三酸、二苯基醚三羧酸、對苯二甲酸、鄰苯二甲酸、馬來酸、環己烷二羧酸、1,5-二羧基萘、1,6-二羧基萘、1,7-二羧基萘、2,6-二羧基萘等之二羧酸類的一個羧基與N-羥基苯并三唑或咪唑、N-羥基-5-降烯-2,3-二羧基醯亞胺之反應而得的活性酯化合物、此等的芳香族環或烴之氫原子的一部分經碳數1~10的烷基或氟烷基、鹵素原子等所取代之化合物等。亦可使用2種以上的此等。
又,本發明中的(a)樹脂之樹脂末端或樹脂側鏈較佳為經醯胺酸或醯胺酸酯等的醯亞胺前驅物或醯亞胺所封閉之結構。(a)樹脂末端由於接於其它成分或基板的部位比(a)樹脂的主鏈更多,故可提高密著性,提高樹脂組成物的保存安定性。因此,較佳為醯亞胺前驅物結構或具有醯亞胺前驅物結構者,作為聚醯亞胺前驅物結構的上述通式(6)或作為聚醯亞胺結構的通式(7)更佳為存在於(a)樹脂的末端附近。藉此,可提高密著性,進一步提高(a)樹脂的保存安定性。為此,較佳為在聚合前述聚醯胺結構後,與聚醯亞胺前驅物結構及聚醯亞胺結構的至少任一結構共聚合。
(a)樹脂之樹脂末端或樹脂側鏈經醯胺酸或醯胺酸酯等之醯亞胺前驅物或醯亞胺所封閉的結構係可由鄰苯二甲酸酐、馬來酸酐、納迪克酸酐、環己烷二羧酸酐、3-羥基鄰苯二甲酸酐等之酸酐、作為二羧酸的鄰苯二甲酸、馬來酸、納迪克酸、環己烷二羧酸、3-羥基鄰苯二甲酸、5-降烯-2,3-二羧酸、或作為三羧酸的偏苯三酸、均苯三酸、二苯基醚三羧酸、對苯二甲酸、鄰苯二甲酸、馬來酸、環己烷二羧酸、1,5-二羧基萘、1,6-二羧基萘、1,7-二羧基萘、2,6-二羧基萘等之二羧酸類的一個羧基與N-羥基苯并三唑或咪唑、N-羥基-5-降烯-2,3-二羧基醯亞胺之反應而得的活性酯化合物、此等的芳香族環或烴之氫原子的一部分經碳數1~10的烷基或氟烷基、鹵素原子等所取代的化合物等而得,惟不受此等所限定。
本發明可用的末端封閉劑係可用以下之方法容易地檢測出。例如,將導入有末端封閉劑的(a)樹脂溶解於酸性溶液中,分解成構成單元的胺成分與酸酐成分,藉由氣相層析法(GC)或NMR測定此,可容易地檢測出本發明中使用的末端封閉劑。與此不同,亦可直接藉由熱分解氣相層析儀(PGC)或紅外光譜及13C-NMR光譜測定導入有末端封閉劑的樹脂成分,而能夠容易地檢測出。
於本發明中,(a)樹脂例如可藉由以下的方法合成,惟不受此所限定。
聚醯胺結構係首先將二羧酸經活性羧酸基所取代的化合物、具有脂肪族基的二胺、其它的共聚合成分在室溫下,視情況地在經提高的溫度下,溶解於有機溶劑中,接著加熱而使其聚合。從反應時的溶液之安定性之觀點來看,溶解的順序較佳為先進行溶解性高的二胺化合物。共聚合聚醯亞胺前驅物或聚醯亞胺之情況係其後添加酸二酐、視情況地添加其它的共聚合成分,添加成為末端封閉劑的酸或酸酐而使其聚合。
導入具有脂肪族基的二胺時,二羧酸經活性羧酸基所取代的化合物與二胺化合物之反應較佳為在70~200℃進行。
聚醯亞胺前驅物結構係於上述聚合法中為來自酸酐的結構,醯胺酸酯之情況係在上述之聚合後,以酯化劑反應羧酸等而得。
本發明中使用的聚醯亞胺例如可利用以下的方法:利用製作通式(2)所示的結構之方法而得到醯亞胺前驅物,將此在70~200℃聚合之方法,使用眾所周知的醯亞胺化反應法,使醯亞胺前驅物的醯亞胺環全部閉環之方法,或於途中停止醯亞胺化反應,導入一部分的醯亞胺結構之方法,再者,藉由將使醯亞胺前驅物的醯亞胺環全部閉環後之已閉環的醯亞胺聚合物與前述聚醯亞胺前驅物予以混合,導入一部分的醯亞胺結構之方法而合成。
本發明中使用的苯并唑結構例如可利用:得到聚醯胺,將此在150~250℃聚合之方法,添加酸性觸媒而使其閉環之方法而合成。作為樹脂之聚合中使用的有機溶劑,例如可舉出N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮、N,N’-二甲基伸丙基脲、N,N-二甲基異丁酸醯胺、甲氧基-N,N-二甲基丙醯胺之醯胺類,γ-丁內酯、γ-戊內酯、δ-戊內酯、γ-己內酯、ε-己內酯、α-甲基-γ-丁內酯等之環狀酯類,碳酸伸乙酯、碳酸丙烯酯等之碳酸酯類,三乙二醇等之二醇類,間甲酚、對甲酚等之酚類,苯乙酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮、環丁碸、、四氫呋喃、二甲亞碸、丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、乳酸乙酯等,惟不受此等所限定。
於本發明中,(a)樹脂較佳為在使用上述之方法聚合後,投入大量的水或甲醇及水之混合液等中,使其沈澱,過濾分離乾燥,進行單離。乾燥溫度較佳為 40~100℃,更佳為50~80℃。藉由此操作去除未反應的單體或二聚物或三聚物等之寡聚物成分,可提高熱硬化後的膜特性。
本發明中的醯亞胺化率例如可藉由以下之方法容易地求出。首先,測定聚合物的紅外吸收光譜,確認起因於聚醯亞胺的醯亞胺結構之吸收峰(1780cm-1附近、1377cm-1附近)之存在。接著,將該聚合物經350℃熱處理1小時者的醯亞胺化率當作100%的樣品,測定紅外吸收光譜,藉由比較熱處理前後的樹脂之1377cm-1附近的波峰強度,算出熱處理前樹脂中的醯亞胺基之含量,求出醯亞胺化率。為了抑制熱硬化時的閉環率之變化,得到低應力化的效果,醯亞胺化率較佳為50%以上,更佳為80%以上。
本發明之樹脂組成物由於前述(a)樹脂為具有酚性羥基的鹼可溶性樹脂,藉由含有(c)萘醌二疊氮化合物,可作為正型樹脂組成物使用。使用因光產生酸的萘醌二疊氮化合物即光酸產生劑時,所得之樹脂組成物係因光而可溶化之正型。藉由使用萘醌二疊氮化合物,得到比另外以正型光阻蝕刻的非感光性樹脂組成物或因光與樹脂或交聯劑反應的不溶化之負型較微細的圖案而較佳。
作為萘醌二疊氮化合物,可舉出醌二疊氮的磺酸已酯鍵結於多羥基化合物者、醌二疊氮的磺酸已磺醯胺鍵結於多胺基化合物者、醌二疊氮的磺酸已酯鍵結及/或磺醯胺鍵結於多羥基多胺基化合物者等。此等多 羥基化合物、多胺基化合物、多羥基多胺基化合物之全部的官能基亦可不被醌二疊氮所取代,但較佳為平均後官能基整體的40莫耳%以上被醌二疊氮所取代。藉由使用如此的醌二疊氮化合物,可得到對於一般的紫外線之水銀燈的i線(波長365nm)、h線(波長405nm)、g線(波長436nm)感光之正型樹脂組成物。
作為多羥基化合物,具體地可舉出Bis-Z、BisP-EZ、TekP-4HBPA、TrisP-HAP、TrisP-PA、TrisP-SA、TrisOCR-PA、BisOCHP-Z、BisP-MZ、BisP-PZ、BisP-IPZ、BisOCP-IPZ、BisP-CP、BisRS-2P、BisRS-3P、BisP-OCHP、亞甲基三-FR-CR、BisRS-26X、DML-MBPC、DML-MBOC、DML-OCHP、DML-PCHP、DML-PC、DML-PTBP、DML-34X、DML-EP、DML-POP、二羥甲基-BisOC-P、DML-PFP、DML-PSBP、DML-MTrisPC、TriML-P、TriML-35XL、TML-BP、TML-HQ、TML-pp-BPF、TML-BPA、TMOM-BP、HML-TPPHBA、HML-TPHAP(以上為商品名,本州化學工業製)、BIR-OC、BIP-PC、BIR-PC、BIR-PTBP、BIR-PCHP、BIP-BIOC-F、4PC、BIR-BIPC-F、TEP-BIP-A、46DMOC、46DMOEP、TM-BIP-A(以上為商品名,旭有機材工業製)、2,6-二甲氧基甲基-4-第三丁基苯酚、2,6-二甲氧基甲基對甲酚、2,6-二乙醯氧基甲基對甲酚、萘酚、四羥基二苯基酮、五倍子酸甲基酯、雙酚A、雙酚E、亞甲基雙酚、BisP-AP(商品名,本州化學工業製)、酚醛清漆樹脂等,惟不受此等所限定。
作為多胺基化合物,具體地可舉出1,4-苯二胺、1,3-苯二胺、4,4’-二胺基二苯基醚、4,4’-二胺基二苯基甲烷、4,4’-二胺基二苯基碸、4,4’-二胺基二苯基硫化物等,惟不受此等所限定。
又,作為多羥基多胺基化合物,具體地可舉出2,2-雙(3-胺基-4-羥基苯基)六氟丙烷、3,3’-二羥基聯苯胺等,惟不受此等所限定。
於萘醌二疊氮化合物之中,較佳為醌二疊氮的磺酸已酯鍵結於多羥基化合物者。藉此,可得到在i線曝光中高感度與更高解析度。
於本發明之樹脂組成物中,可使用的(c)萘醌二疊氮化合物之含量,相對於100質量份的作為具有酚性羥基的鹼可溶性樹脂之(a)樹脂而言,較佳為1~50質量份,更佳為10~40質量份。藉由將(c)萘醌二疊氮化合物之含量設為此範圍,而得到曝光部與未曝光部之對比,可謀求更高感度化,看不到含量多時所產生的殘渣而較佳。再者,視需要亦可添加增感劑等。
本發明之樹脂組成物含有(b)抗氧化劑。(b)抗氧化劑係為了抑制氧化而添加的抗氧化物質,於本發明中,(b)抗氧化劑意指不具有交聯基者。由於(b)抗氧化劑不具有交聯基,而不僅交聯基能反應的部位,還可作用於膜整體。
相對於100質量份的前述(a)樹脂而言,前述(b)抗氧化劑之含量較佳為0.1~10質量份之範圍內。添加量多於0.1質量份時,得到可靠性評價後的延伸度特 性或對於金屬材料的密著性提高之效果。又,少於10質量份時,密著性升高,同時在顯像時不作為殘留物殘留,故不發生解析度降低或熱特性的降低。另外,相對於(a)樹脂而言,包含通式(1)所示的化合物之(b)抗氧化劑的添加量更佳為0.2~5質量份。
藉由具有(b)抗氧化劑,可抑制(a)樹脂之水解、吸水、酚性羥基或脂肪族基之分解、感光劑所致的酸之擴散,樹脂組成物之硬化膜係抑制膜收縮,可得到面內的膜厚‧圖案均勻性,同時可靠性評價後亦高的延伸度。又,藉由含有(b)抗氧化劑,可抑制可靠性評價後的與金屬配線之剝離或金屬配線的金屬層與氧化金屬層之凝集剝離。金屬配線的最外表面係經由高溫保持試驗、恒溫高濕試驗、熱循環試驗等之可靠性評價,形成因氧或酸、水分而金屬配線氧化產生之氧化金屬層。當樹脂組成物的硬化膜與金屬基板相接時,由於抑制氧之穿透而稍微抑制氧化金屬層之形成,但是硬化膜中的萘醌二疊氮化合物由於在可靠性評價中分解而產生酸,故氧化金屬層的形成係徐徐地進行。結果,產生硬化膜與金屬層或氧化金屬層之剝離、氧化金屬層與金屬層之剝離。抗氧化劑係藉由捕捉所產生的酸,而可抑制氧化金屬層之形成,可得到於可靠性評價後亦與金屬配線具有高密著性的硬化膜。
作為本發明所使用的(b)抗氧化劑,可舉出苯并三唑、有機磷、具有受阻酚結構之抗氧化劑。其中,具有受阻酚結構之抗氧化劑由於顯像時的溶解性或保存 安定性優異,可得到面內的膜厚‧圖案均勻性,同時高解析度之樹脂組成物而較佳。
作為具有苯并三唑結構的抗氧化劑,具體地可舉出1,2,3-苯并三唑(1H-苯并三唑)、1H-苯并三唑鈉鹽、4-甲基-1H-苯并三唑、5-甲基-1H-苯并三唑、甲苯基三唑(4-甲基-1H-苯并三唑與5-甲基-1H-苯并三唑之混合物)、4-甲基-1H-苯并三唑鉀鹽、5-甲基-1H-苯并三唑鉀鹽、4-甲基-1H-苯并三唑胺鹽、5-甲基-1H-苯并三唑胺鹽、2-(3,5-二第三丁基-2-羥基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3,5-二第三戊基-2-羥基苯基)苯并三唑等,惟不受此所限定。
作為具有有機磷的抗氧化劑,具體地可舉出三(2,4-二第三丁基苯基)亞磷酸酯、3,9-二(2,4-二第三丁基苯氧基)-2,4,8,10-四氧雜-3,9-二磷雜螺[5.5]十一烷、3,9-二(2,4-二異丙苯基苯氧基)-2,4,8,10-四氧雜-3,9-二磷雜螺[5.5]十一烷、亞磷酸三(對壬基苯基)酯、2,2’,2”-氮基[三乙基-三[3,3’,5,5’-四第三丁基-1,1’-聯苯基-2’-二基]亞磷酸酯]、3,9-二硬脂氧基-2,4,8,10-四氧雜-3,9-二磷雜螺[5.5]十一烷、亞磷酸二月桂酯、3,9-二[2,6-二第三丁基-4-甲基苯氧基]-2,4,8,10-四氧雜-3,9-二磷雜螺[5.5]十一烷、四(2,4-二第三丁基苯基)4,4’-雙(二伸苯基)亞膦酸酯、二硬脂基新戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、二異癸基新戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、2,4,6-三第三丁基苯基-2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇亞磷酸酯、三硬脂基山梨醇三亞磷酸酯、四(2,4-二第三丁基苯基)4,4’-伸聯苯基二亞膦酸酯、 (2,4,6-三第三丁基苯基)-2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇亞磷酸酯、亞磷酸三異癸酯,惟不受此所限定。
作為具有受阻酚結構之抗氧化劑,例如可舉出2,6-二第三丁基-4-(4,6-雙(辛硫基)-1,3,5-三-2-基胺基)苯酚、單第三丁基對甲酚、單第三丁基間甲酚、4-第三丁基兒茶酚、2,5-二第三丁基氫醌、2,5-二第三戊基氫醌、五倍子酸丙酯、4,4’-亞甲基雙(2,6-第三丁基苯酚)、4,4’-亞異丙基雙(2,6-二第三丁基苯酚)、4,4’-亞丁基雙(3-甲基-6-第三丁基苯酚)、丁基羥基苯甲醚、2,6-二第三丁基對甲酚、2,6-二第三丁基苯酚、2,6-二第三丁基-4-乙基苯酚、2,4,6-三第三丁基苯酚、4-羥基甲基-2,6-二第三丁基、十八基-3-(4-羥基-3’,5’-二第三丁基苯基)丙酸酯、二硬脂基(4-羥基-3-甲基-5-第三丁基)苄基丙二酸酯、6-(4-羥基-3,5-二第三丁基苯胺基)2,4-雙辛硫基-1,3,5-三、2,6-二苯基-4-十八醯氧基苯酚、2,2’-亞甲基雙(4-甲基-6-第三丁基苯酚)、2,2’-亞甲基雙(4-乙基-6-第三丁基苯酚)、2,2’-亞異丁基雙(4,6-二甲基苯酚)、2,2’-二羥基-3,3’-二-(α-甲基環己基)-5,5’-二甲基二苯基甲烷、2,2’-亞甲基雙(4-甲基-6-環己基苯酚)、三[β-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙醯氧基乙基]三聚異氰酸酯、1,3,5-三(2,6-二甲基-3-羥基-4-第三丁基苄基)三聚異氰酸酯、三(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯酚)三聚異氰酸酯、1,1,3’-三(2-甲基-4-羥基-5-第三丁基苯基)丁烷、2,6-雙(2’-羥基-3’-第三丁基-5’-甲基苄基)4-甲基苯酚、N,N’-六亞甲基雙(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基氫化桂皮酸酯)、六 亞甲基二醇雙[β-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯]、2’,3-雙[[3-[3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基]丙醯基]]丙醯肼、三乙二醇雙[β-(3-第三丁基-5-甲基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯、四[亞甲基-3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯]甲烷、1,3,5-三[(4-ter第三丁基-3-羥基-2,6-二甲苯基)甲基]-1,3,5-三-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-三酮、1,3,5,-三(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苄基)-1,3,5-三-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-三酮等,惟不受此等所限定。此等係可單獨或組合2種以上使用。
於具有受阻酚結構之抗氧化劑之中,藉由含有下述通式(1)所示的化合物,由於可抑制硬化後的膜之收縮,故面內的膜厚‧圖案均勻性,同時可靠性評價後的硬化後的膜之延伸度特性或與金屬材料的密著性係升高。
通式(1)中,R1表示氫原子或碳數2以上的烷基,R2表示碳數2以上的伸烷基。A表示包含碳數2以上的伸烷基、O原子及N原子的至少任一者之1~4價的有機基。k表示1~4之整數。通式(1)所示的化合物由於R2具有柔軟的伸烷基,受阻酚結構係可撓性地活動,因此容易抑制硬化膜整體之氧化降解。又,藉由對於金 屬材料的防銹作用,可抑制金屬材料之金屬氧化。又,當R2具有柔軟的伸烷基時,於能提高塗布時的面內膜厚均勻性之點上亦較佳。
又,通式(1)中,當k為2~4之整數時,由於作用於樹脂組成物與金屬材料之兩者而更佳。作為A,可舉出烷基、環烷基、烷氧基、烷基醚基、烷基矽基、烷氧基矽基、芳基、芳基醚基、羧基、羰基、烯丙基、乙烯基、雜環基、-O-、-NH-、-NHNH-、組合有彼等者等,亦可更具有取代基。其中,從在顯像液中的溶解性或金屬密著性之點來看,較佳為具有烷基醚、-NH-,從與(a)樹脂的相互作用及因金屬錯合形成所致的金屬密著性之點來看,更佳為具有-NH-。
通式(1)所示的化合物係可舉出以下者作為例子,惟不受下述結構所限制。
本發明之樹脂組成物係含有(d)交聯劑的樹脂組成物,前述(d)交聯劑係在一分子中具有酚性羥基,且在前述酚性羥基之兩鄰位具有分子量40以上的取代基。所謂的交聯劑,就是意指具有可藉由自由基反應、加成反應、縮合反應等而交聯的官能基之交聯性基的材料。
藉由含有本交聯劑,可謀求因膜密度提高(抑制氧穿透,抑制金屬擴散)而抑制氧化降解。
(d)交聯劑由於分子量40以上的體積大結構鄰接於酚性羥基,而在硬化時得到交聯密度高的緻密膜。因此,可抑制硬化膜的氧穿透或對於硬化膜的金屬擴散,有效果地抑制樹脂之氧化降解或金屬腐蝕,結果提高可靠性評價後、硬化後的膜之延伸度特性或與金屬材料的密著性。
藉由含有本交聯劑,可謀求因抗氧化而抑制氧化降解。
又,藉由分子量40以上之體積大結構鄰接於酚性羥基,變得可達成與具有受阻酚結構之抗氧化劑同樣的效果。因此,(b)抗氧化劑單質在鄰接困難的緻密之交聯部位中亦得到抗氧化抑制之效果。因此,除了作為交聯劑的本來之機能,還有抑制交聯劑已交聯的部位之氧化降解或已交聯的部位周邊之(a)樹脂的脂肪族基或酚性羥基之氧化降解,同時藉由對於金屬材料的防銹作用,可抑制金屬氧化。然而,由於是交聯劑,(d)交聯劑係在膜中偏向存在於交聯基能反應的部位,故於交聯 部周邊,得到高的抑制氧化降解效果,但是為了在膜整體中得到抗氧化的效果,必須與(b)抗氧化劑組合。
以上,藉由(b)抗氧化劑對於硬化膜整體之作用,藉由(d)交聯劑所致的膜密度提高而抑制氧穿透性,藉由(d)交聯劑的抗氧化結構而作用於交聯部位周邊,可有效果地抑制氧化降解、金屬腐蝕。又,(d)交聯劑係在熱硬化時與樹脂的未閉環部位交聯,故可抑制因樹脂的急劇閉環所造成的膜厚‧圖案收縮,於硬化膜中,得到良好的面內之膜厚‧圖案均勻性。
作為分子量40以上的取代基,較佳為異丙基、第三丁基、烷氧基甲基。其中,烷氧基甲基除了作為交聯基作用,另一方面於低溫下硬化時,在硬化後亦殘存,可防止可靠性評價時的氧化而較佳。
(d)交聯劑係可舉出以下者作為例子,惟不受下述結構所限制。
再者,前述(d)交聯劑較佳為在一分子中具有3個以上的酚性羥基之交聯劑。藉由具有3個以上的具有抗氧化效果之酚性羥基,可有效果地作用於(a)樹脂、金屬之兩者,可賦予可靠性評價後的特性。作為如此的較佳例,可舉出以下者,惟不受下述結構所限制。
(式中,c、d及e各自表示1以上之整數,較佳為3≦c≦20、1≦d≦30、1≦c≦30)。
又,相對於100質量份的前述(a)樹脂而言,前述(d)交聯劑之含量較佳為15~70質量份之範圍內。於15質量份以上時,得到硬化膜的高密度化與抗氧化效果,可大幅抑制可靠性評價後的延伸度降低。於70質量份以下的話,可得到硬化膜的延伸度提高之效果,減少膜的龜裂,且亦提高與金屬配線的密著性。
本發明之樹脂組成物亦可含有(d)以外的其它熱交聯劑。具體而言,較佳為具有至少2個烷氧基甲 基或羥甲基的化合物。藉由具有至少2個此等之基,可與樹脂及同種分子進行縮合反應而作成交聯結構體。藉由與光酸產生劑併用,為提高感度或硬化膜的機械特性,更寬廣的設計變為可能。
作為其它的熱交聯劑之較佳例,例如可舉出MX-290、NIKALAC MX-280、NIKALAC MX-270、NIKALAC MX-279、NIKALAC MW-100LM、NIKALAC MX-750LM(以上為商品名,(股)三和化學製)。亦可含有2種以上的此等。
本發明之樹脂組成物較佳為含有(e)通式(3)所示的化合物。藉由含有(e)通式(3)所示的化合物,可顯著提高加熱硬化後的膜與金屬材料尤其銅之密著性。
此係因為來自通式(3)所示的化合物之S原子或N原子與金屬表面相互作用,成為與金屬面更容易相互作用之立體結構。藉由此等之效果,可將感光性賦予至樹脂組成物,即使於具有添加劑的組成中,也能夠得到與金屬材料的接著性優異之樹脂硬化膜。通式(3)中,R7~R9表示O原子或S原子、N原子的任一者,R7~R9中的至少1者表示S原子。l表示0或1,m、n表示0~2之整數。R10~R12各自獨立地表示氫原子或碳數1~20的 有機基。作為R10~R12,可舉出氫原子、烷基、環烷基、烷氧基、烷基醚基、烷基矽基、烷氧基矽基、芳基、芳基醚基、羧基、羰基、烯丙基、乙烯基、雜環基、組合有彼等者等,亦可更具有取代基。
又,通式(3)所示的化合物之添加量,相對於(a)樹脂而言,較佳為0.1~15質量份,更佳為0.5~15質量份。添加量少於0.1質量份時,難以得到對於金屬材料的密著性提高之效果,又,多於15質量份時,由於與感光劑之相互作用,有導致樹脂組成物的感度降低之虞。
本發明中使用之通式(3)所示的化合物較佳為R7~R9表示O原子或S原子、N原子的任一者,R7~R9中的至少1者為S原子。一般而言,添加含有N原子的化合物時,有因感光劑與含有N原子的化合物之相互作用而損害感度之可能性,但藉由含有S原子而恰當地保持相互作用之效果,不使感度降低,可得到密著性提高之效果。又,從對於金屬以外的基板之密著性之觀點來看,更佳為具有三烷氧基甲基。
通式(3)所示的化合物係可舉出以下者作為例子,惟不受下述結構所限制。
本發明之樹脂組成物藉由含有(f)具有下述通式(4)所示的結構單元之熱交聯劑,而可更提高延伸度與低應力化。
通式(4)中,R13及R14各自獨立地表示氫原子或甲基。R15係具有碳數2以上的伸烷基之2價的有機基,可為直鏈狀、分枝狀及環狀之任一者。R15可舉出烷基、環烷基、烷氧基、烷基醚基、烷基矽基、烷氧基矽基、芳基、芳基醚基、羧基、羰基、烯丙基、乙烯基、雜環基、組合有彼等者等,亦可更具有取代基。
於熱交聯劑本身中,由於具有柔軟的伸烷基與有剛性的芳香族基,而具有耐熱性的同時,延伸度提高與低應力化為可能。作為交聯基,可舉出丙烯酸基或羥甲基、烷氧基甲基、環氧基,惟不受此所限定。其中,從能與(a)樹脂的酚性羥基反應,提高硬化膜的耐熱性之點及能在不脫水下反應之點來看,再者能因低收縮率化而提高面內均勻性,較佳為環氧基。
通式(4)所示的化合物例如可舉出以下者作為例子,惟不受下述結構所限制。
(式中n為1~5之整數,m為1~20之整數)。
於上述結構之中,從兼備耐熱性與延伸度提高之點,n較佳為1~2,m較佳為3~7。
又,通式(4)所示的化合物之添加量,相對於(a)樹脂而言,較佳為2~35質量份,更佳為5~25質量份。添加量少於2質量份時,難以得到延伸度提高與低應力化之效果,另外多於35質量份時,有導致樹脂組成物的感度降低之虞。
另外,相對於100質量份的具有通式(4)所示的結構單元之熱交聯劑而言,藉由前述通式(1)所示的化合物之含量在10質量份~50質量份之範圍內,可顯著提高可靠性評價後的硬化膜之延伸度特性。若為此範圍,則在硬化膜中,促進具有通式(4)所示的結構單元之熱交聯劑的交聯,於可靠性評價後,為抑制伸烷基的氧化降解。又,視需要亦可於不減小硬化後的收縮殘膜率之範圍內,含有具有酚性羥基的低分子化合物。藉此,可縮短顯像時間。
作為此等的化合物,例如可舉出Bis-Z、BisP-EZ、TekP-4HBPA、TrisP-HAP、TrisP-PA、BisOCHP-Z、BisP-MZ、BisP-PZ、BisP-IPZ、BisOCP-IPZ、BisP-CP、BisRS-2P、BisRS-3P、BisP-OCHP、亞甲基三-FR-CR、BisRS-26X(以上為商品名,本州化學工業(股)製)、BIP-PC、BIR-PC、BIR-PTBP、BIR-BIPC-F(以上為商品名,旭有機材工業(股)製)等。亦可含有2種以上的此等。
具有酚性羥基的低分子化合物之含量,相對於100質量份的(a)樹脂而言,較佳含有1~40質量份。
本發明之樹脂組成物較佳為含有溶劑。作為溶劑,可舉出N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、γ-丁內酯、γ-戊內酯、δ-戊內酯、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、二甲亞碸、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮、N,N’-二甲基伸丙基脲、N,N-二甲基異丁酸醯胺、甲氧基-N,N-二甲基丙醯胺等之極性的非質子性溶劑,四氫呋喃、二烷、丙二醇 單甲基醚、丙二醇單乙基醚等之醚類,丙酮、甲基乙基酮、二異丁基酮等之酮類,乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸異丁酯、乙酸丙酯、丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁基乙酸酯等之酯類,乳酸乙酯、乳酸甲酯、二丙酮醇、3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁醇等之醇類,甲苯、二甲苯等之芳香族烴類等。亦可含有2種以上的此等。
為了溶解組成物,相對於100質量份的(a)樹脂而言,溶劑之含量較佳為含有100質量份以上,為了形成膜厚1μm以上的塗膜,較佳為含有1,500質量份以下。
以提高與基板的潤濕性為目的,本發明之樹脂組成物亦可含有界面活性劑、乳酸乙酯或丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯等之酯類,乙醇等之醇類,環己酮、甲基異丁基酮等之酮類,四氫呋喃、二烷等之醚類。
又,為了提高與基板的接著性,於不損害保存安定性之範圍內,於本發明之樹脂組成物中亦可含有三甲氧基胺基丙基矽烷、三甲氧基環氧基矽烷、三甲氧基乙烯基矽烷、三甲氧基硫醇丙基矽烷等之矽烷偶合劑作為矽氧成分。
相對於100質量份的(a)樹脂,矽烷偶合劑之較佳含量為0.01~5質量份。
本發明之樹脂組成物亦可具有其它的樹脂。具體而言,可舉出聚醯亞胺前驅物、聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚苯并唑、聚苯并唑前驅物、聚醯胺樹脂、矽氧烷樹脂、共聚合有丙烯酸的丙烯酸聚合物、酚醛清漆樹脂、 可溶酚醛樹脂、聚羥基苯乙烯樹脂、或在彼等中導入有羥甲基、烷氧基甲基或環氧基等之交聯基的改質體、彼等之共聚合聚合物等。如此的樹脂係溶解於氫氧化四甲銨、膽鹼、三乙胺、二甲基胺基吡啶、單乙醇胺、二乙基胺基乙醇、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉等之鹼的溶液中者。藉由含有此等之鹼可溶性樹脂,可一邊保持硬化膜的密著性或優異的感度,一邊賦予各鹼可溶性樹脂的特性。
其中,於使感度升高之點,加上由於硬化前後的收縮變化率低而可低應力化來看,較佳為酚醛清漆樹脂、可溶酚醛樹脂、或在彼等中導入有羥甲基、烷氧基甲基或環氧基等之交聯基的改質體等之酚樹脂。
作為此等樹脂之較佳含量,相對於100質量份的本發明之(a)樹脂而言為5~200質量份,更佳為15~150質量份。
再者,於本發明之樹脂組成物中,於不增大硬化後的收縮率之範圍內,亦可含有溶解調整劑。作為溶解調整劑,只要是多羥基化合物、磺醯胺化合物、尿素化合物等一般對於正型光阻作為溶解調整劑使用的化合物,則任何的化合物皆可較宜使用。特別地,較宜使用在合成醌二疊氮化合物時作為原料的多羥基化合物。
本發明之樹脂組成物的黏度較佳為2~5,000mPa.s。黏度係可使用E型旋轉黏度計測定。藉由以黏度成為2mPa·s以上之方式,調整固體成分濃度, 可容易得到所欲的膜厚。另一方面,若黏度為5,000mPa.s以下,則容易得到均勻性高的塗布膜。具有如此黏度的樹脂組成物例如可藉由使固體成分濃度成為5~60質量%而容易獲得。
接著,針對使用本發明之樹脂組成物作成硬化膜的形成硬化膜之凸紋圖案的方法進行說明。
首先,將本發明之樹脂組成物塗布於基板上。作為基板,可舉出矽晶圓、陶瓷類、砷化鎵、有機系電路基板、無機系電路基板、矽晶圓與環氧樹脂等之密封樹脂的複合基板、及於此等的基板上配置有電路的構成材料者等,惟不受此等所限定。作為有機系電路基板之例,可舉出玻璃布‧環氧包銅層板等之玻璃基板包銅層板、玻璃不織布‧環氧包銅層板等之複合包銅層板、暫貼載體基板、聚醚醯亞胺樹脂基板、聚醚酮樹脂基板、聚碸系樹脂基板等之耐熱‧熱塑性基板、聚酯覆銅薄膜基板、聚醯亞胺覆銅薄膜基板等之可撓性基板。又,無機系電路基板之例可舉出玻璃基板、氧化鋁基板、氮化鋁基板、碳化矽基板等之陶瓷基板、鋁基基板、鐵基基板等之金屬系基板。電路的構成材料之例可舉出含有銀、金、銅等的金屬之導體、含有無機系氧化物等之電阻體、含有玻璃系材料及/或樹脂等之低介電體、含有樹脂或高介電常數無機粒子等之高介電體、含有玻璃系材料等之絕緣體等。
金屬配線由於因空氣氧化而表面狀態變化,故較佳為預先以氧電漿處理或以雙氧水等氧化處理。
作為塗布方法,有使用旋轉器的旋轉塗布、噴霧塗布、輥塗、網版印刷、刮刀塗布、模塗、壓光塗布、彎月塗布、棒塗、輥塗、缺角輪塗布(comma roll coating)、凹版塗布、網式塗布、狹縫模頭塗布等之方法。又,塗布膜厚係隨著塗布手法、組成物的固體成分濃度、黏度等而不同,但通常以乾燥後的膜厚成為0.1~150μm之方式塗布。成為感光性未硬化片時,然後使其乾燥而剝離。
為了提高矽晶圓等的基板與樹脂組成物之接著性,亦可將基板使用前述的矽烷偶合劑進行前處理。例如,將在異丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、水、四氫呋喃、丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、丙二醇單甲基醚、乳酸乙酯、己二酸二乙酯等之溶劑中溶解有0.5~20質量%的矽烷偶合劑之溶液,藉由旋轉塗布、浸漬、噴霧塗布、蒸氣處理等進行表面處理。視情況而定,然後進行50℃~300℃的熱處理,而進行基板與矽烷偶合劑之反應。
接著,將在基板上塗布或積層有樹脂組成物或感光性未硬化片之基板予以乾燥,得到樹脂組成物被膜。乾燥係使用烘箱、加熱板、紅外線等,在50℃~150℃之範圍中進行1分鐘至數小時為較佳。
接著,於此樹脂組成物被膜上,通過具有所欲圖案的遮罩,照射化學線及曝光。作為曝光所用的化學線,有紫外線、可見光線、電子射線、X射線等,但於本發明中,較佳為使用水銀燈的i線(365nm)、h線(405nm)、g線(436nm)。
為了形成圖案,於曝光後,使用顯像液,於正型之情況去除曝光部,於負型之情況去除未曝光部。作為顯像液,較佳為氫氧化四甲銨、二乙醇胺、二乙基胺基乙醇、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉、碳酸鉀、三乙胺、二乙胺、甲胺、二甲胺、乙酸二甲基胺基乙酯、二甲基胺基乙醇、甲基丙烯酸二甲基胺基乙酯、環己胺、乙二胺、六亞甲基二胺等之呈現鹼性的化合物之溶液。又,視情況而定,亦可在此等之鹼溶液中添加單獨或組合有數種的N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、二甲亞碸、γ-丁內酯、二甲基丙烯醯胺等之極性溶劑、甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇等之醇類、乳酸乙酯、丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯等之酯類、環戊酮、環己酮、異丁基酮、甲基異丁基酮等之酮類等者。顯像係可藉由將上述顯像液噴灑到被膜面,浸漬於顯像液中,或邊浸漬邊施加超音波,邊旋轉基板邊噴灑顯像液等之方法進行。顯像後較佳為以水進行沖洗處理。此處,亦可將乙醇、異丙醇等之醇類、乳酸乙酯、丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯等之酯類等加到水中,進行沖洗處理。
顯像後係施加150℃~500℃的溫度而進行熱交聯反應。藉由交聯,可提高耐熱性及耐藥品性。此加熱處理之方法係可選擇:選擇溫度,階段地升溫之方法,或選擇某溫度範圍,一邊連續地升溫,一邊實施5分鐘至5小時之方法。作為前者之一例,可舉出在130℃、200℃各30分鐘熱處理之方法。作為後者之一例,可舉出從室溫起到400℃為止費2小時直線地升溫等之 方法。作為本發明中的硬化條件,較佳為150℃以上350℃以下,但本發明特別為了提供低溫硬化性優異的硬化膜,較佳為160℃以上250℃以下。
作為本發明中的加熱處理,即硬化條件,較佳為170℃以上400℃以下。為了得到低應力的效果,更佳為170℃以上250℃以下。
將本發明之樹脂組成物硬化後的硬化膜之斷裂點延伸度較佳為30%以上,更佳為50%以上。與多種材料相接的層間絕緣膜,由於容易因熱膨脹係數差而造成負荷,而變得需要更高延伸度的材料。將本發明之樹脂組成物硬化而成的硬化膜由於具有高延伸性,故於可靠性評價時亦難以發生硬化膜的龜裂或與金屬配線之剝離。作為可靠性評價,可舉出衝擊試驗、高溫保持試驗、恒溫高濕試驗、熱循環試驗。將本發明之樹脂組成物硬化而成的硬化膜,係可使用於半導體裝置或多層配線板等之電子零件。具體而言,適用於半導體的鈍化膜、半導體元件的表面保護膜、層間絕緣膜、高密度安裝用多層配線的層間絕緣膜、有機電場發光元件的絕緣層等之用途,惟不受此所限制,可採取各式各樣的結構。
接著,對於將使用本發明之樹脂組成物應用於具有凸塊的半導體裝置之應用例,使用圖式說明(應用例1)。圖1係本發明之具有凸塊的半導體裝置之焊墊部分的放大剖面圖。如圖1所示,在矽晶圓1上,於輸入輸出用的鋁(以下,Al)墊2上形成鈍化膜3,於該鈍化膜3中形成通孔。再者,於此之上形成由本發明之樹脂 組成物所構成的圖案之絕緣膜4,還有以與Al墊2連接之方式形成金屬(Cr、Ti等)膜5,以電解鍍敷等形成金屬配線(Al、Cu等)6。金屬膜5係蝕刻焊點凸塊10之周邊,而絕緣各焊墊間。於經絕緣的焊墊上,形成位障金屬8與焊點凸塊10。絕緣膜7之樹脂組成物係可於切割線9中,進行厚膜加工。於樹脂組成物中導入有柔軟成分時,由於晶圓的翹曲小,故可高精度地進行曝光或晶圓的搬運。又,本發明之樹脂由於高延伸性亦優異,藉由樹脂本身變形,在安裝時亦能緩和來自密封樹脂的應力,故防止凸塊或配線、low-k層之損傷,可提供高可靠性的半導體裝置。
接著,圖2中記載半導體裝置之詳細製作方法。如圖2之2a所示,在矽晶圓1上,形成輸出輸入用的Al墊2以及鈍化膜3,形成由本發明之樹脂組成物所成的圖案之絕緣膜4。接著,如圖2之2b所示,以與Al墊2連接之方式形成金屬(Cr、Ti等)膜5,如圖2之2c所示,以鍍敷法將金屬配線6予以成膜。接著,如圖2之2d’所示,塗布本發明之樹脂組成物,經過光微影步驟,形成如圖2之2d所示的圖案之絕緣膜7。於絕緣膜7之上可進一步形成配線(所謂的再配線)。形成2層以上的多層配線結構時,藉由重複進行上述之步驟,可形成2層以上的再配線被由本發明之樹脂組成物所得之層間絕緣膜分離的多層配線結構。此時,所形成的絕緣膜變成複數次與各種藥液接觸,但因為由本發明之樹脂組成物所得之絕緣膜係密著性優異,故可形成良好的多層配 線結構。多層酐線結構之層數係沒有上限,但大多使用10層以下者。此時,絕緣膜7之樹脂組成物係於切割線9中,變成進行厚膜加工。形成3層以上的多層配線結構時,可重複進行上述之步驟而形成各層。
隨後,如圖2之2e及2f所示,形成位障金屬8、焊點凸塊10。然後,沿著最後的切割線9切割而切開成每晶片。
接著,對於將使用本發明之樹脂組成物應用於具有凸塊的半導體裝置之應用例2,使用圖式說明。圖3係具有本發明之絕緣膜的半導體裝置之焊墊部分的放大剖面圖,被稱為扇出晶圓級封裝(扇出WLP)之結構。與上述之應用例1同樣地,形成有Al墊2、鈍化膜3的矽晶圓1係被切割而切開成每晶片後,被樹脂11所密封。於此密封樹脂11與晶片上,形成由本發明之樹脂組成物所成的圖案之絕緣膜4,更形成金屬(Cr、Ti等)膜5、金屬配線6。然後,於晶片外之密封樹脂上所形成的絕緣膜7之開口部中,形成位障金屬8與焊點凸塊10。扇出WLP係在半導體晶片之周邊,使用環氧樹脂等的密封樹脂設置擴張部分,從半導體晶片上的電極到該擴張部分為止施予再配線,藉由在擴張部分中亦配備焊球而確保所需要的端子數之半導體封裝。於扇出WLP中,以跨過半導體晶片之主面與密封樹脂之主面所形成的邊界線之方式設置配線。即,於由施有金屬配線的半導體晶片及密封樹脂之2種以上的材料所構成的基材之上形成層間絕緣膜,於該層間絕緣膜之上形成配線。
又,扇出WLP係以在配置有暫貼材料的支撐基板上作為再配線間之層間絕緣膜而配置,於其上配置矽晶片與密封樹脂後,剝離配置有暫貼材料的支撐基板與再配線之被稱為RDL優先的步驟所作成之類型的封裝存在。於此步驟中,因以大量生產之成本面的好處為目標而使用大面積面板,故層間絕緣膜的膜收縮所造成的翹曲或膜厚‧圖案之面內均勻性成為課題。
對於RDL優先中的半導體裝置之作成法,使用圖5說明。於圖5之3a中,以濺鍍法在支撐基板20上形成Ti等的位障金屬,進一步於其上以濺鍍法形成Cu種子(種子層)後,藉由鍍敷法形成電極焊墊21。於隨後的3b之步驟中,塗布本發明之感光性樹脂組成物,經過光微影步驟,形成經圖案形成的絕緣膜22。接著於3c之步驟中,再度以濺鍍法形成種子層,藉由鍍敷法形成金屬配線23(再配線層)。以後,為了調整半導體晶片的導通部間距與金屬配線之間距,重複進行3b及3c之步驟,形成如3d所示的多層配線結構。接著於3e之步驟中,再度塗布本發明之感光性樹脂組成物,經過光微影步驟,形成經圖案形成的絕緣膜後,以鍍敷法形成Cu柱24。此處,Cu柱之間距與半導體晶片之導通部間距變為相等。即,為了一邊窄化金屬配線間距一邊將再配線層予以多層化,如圖3之3e所示,層間絕緣膜之膜厚成為層間絕緣膜1>層間絕緣膜2>層間絕緣膜3>層間絕緣膜4>。接著於3f之步驟中,通過焊點凸塊25連接半導體晶片26,可得到具有多層配線結構的RDL優先法中 之半導體裝置。此外,於玻璃環氧樹脂基板上形成的凹部中埋入有半導體晶片之類型的半導體封裝中,亦以跨過半導體晶片之主面與印刷基板之主面的邊界線之方式設置配線。於此態樣中,亦於由2種以上的材料所構成的基材之上形成層間絕緣膜,於該層間絕緣膜之上形成配線。將本發明之樹脂組成物硬化而成的硬化膜,由於具有高延伸度與對於施有金屬配線的半導體晶片具有高的密著力,同時對於環氧樹脂等密封樹脂亦具有高的密著力,故適用作為在由2種以上的材料所構成的基材之上設置的層間絕緣膜。
另外,於扇出WLP中,再配線之微細化係進行中。本發明之樹脂組成物的硬化膜由於對於金屬配線之寬度與相鄰配線彼此之間隔為5μm以下之配線,亦具有高的金屬密著性,故亦適用於微細的再配線。
於此結構中,層間絕緣膜之厚度係隨著接近半導體晶片而變薄,且隨著再配線層接近半導體晶片,金屬配線的寬度與相鄰配線彼此之間隔變窄,而對應於晶片的高積體化。因此,高解析度化與具有階差的再配線上之面內均勻性係成為重要的課題。
接著,對於將使用本發明之樹脂組成物應用於電感裝置的線圈零件之應用例3,使用圖式說明。圖4係具有本發明之絕緣膜的線圈零件之剖面圖。如圖4所示,於基板12上形成絕緣膜13,於其上形成作為圖案的絕緣膜14。作為基板12,使用肥粒鐵等。本發明之樹脂組成物係可使用於絕緣膜13與絕緣膜14之任一 者。於此圖案之開口部中形成金屬(Cr、Ti等)膜15,於此之上鍍敷形成金屬配線(Ag、Cu等)16。金屬配線16(Ag、Cu等)係形成螺旋狀。可重複數次的13~16之步驟,使其積層而具有作為線圈的機能。最後金屬配線16(Ag、Cu等)係藉由金屬配線17(Ag、Cu等)而連接至電極18,被密封樹脂19所密封。
本發明之樹脂組成物亦適用於有機EL顯示裝置。該有機EL顯示裝置係於基板上具有驅動電路、平坦化層、第1電極、絕緣層、發光層及第2電極,平坦化層及/或絕緣層係由本發明之硬化膜所構成。近年來,有機EL顯示裝置係要求100℃左右的高溫保持或熱循環試驗等可靠性評價中的耐久性。本發明之硬化膜由於在此等的可靠性評價後,亦具有高延伸度且與金屬配線或金屬電極的高密著性,故可得到安定的驅動及發光特性。若列舉主動矩陣型之顯示裝置為例,則在玻璃或各種塑膠等的基板上,具有TFT與位於TFT之側方部的連接TFT之配線,於其上以覆蓋凹凸之方式具有平坦化層,更於平坦化層上設置顯示元件。顯示元件與配線係通過平坦化層中形成的接觸孔而連接。
圖6中顯示TFT基板的一例之剖面圖。於基板32上,以行列狀設置下閘極型或上閘極型的TFT(薄膜電晶體)1,以覆蓋此TFT27之狀態,形成絕緣層29。又,於此絕緣層29上設置已連接TFT27的配線28。再者,於絕緣層29上,以埋入配線28之狀態設置平坦化層30。於平坦化層30中,設置到達配線28的接觸孔33。 然後,於通過此接觸孔33連接至配線28之狀態下,在平坦化層30上形成ITO(透明電極)31。此處,ITO31係成為顯示元件(例如有機EL元件)的電極。然後,以覆蓋ITO31的周緣之方式形成絕緣層34。有機EL元件係可為自與基板32相反側放出所發光的光之頂部發光型,也可為自基板32側取出光的底部發光型。如此地,得到於各有機EL元件連接有用於驅動它的TFT27之主動矩陣型的有機EL顯示裝置。
如此的絕緣層29、平坦化層30及/或絕緣層34係可藉由:如前述形成包含本發明之樹脂組成物或樹脂片的感光性樹脂膜之步驟,將前述感光性樹脂膜予以曝光之步驟,將經曝光的感光性樹脂膜予以顯像之步驟,及將經顯像的感光性樹脂膜予以加熱處理之步驟而形成。藉由具有此等步驟之製造方法,可得到有機EL顯示裝置。
以下,舉出實施例來說明本發明,惟本發明不受此等之例所限定。首先,說明各實施例及比較例中的評價方法。於評價中,使用預先經1μm的聚四氟乙烯製過濾器(住友電氣工業(股)製)過濾之各實施例、比較例所製作的樹脂組成物(以下稱為清漆)。
(a)樹脂之重量平均分子量(Mw)係使用GPC(凝膠滲透層析)裝置Waters 2690-996(日本WATERS(股)製)確認。展開溶劑為N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮 (以下稱為NMP),進行測定,計算以聚苯乙烯換算的重量平均分子量(Mw)及分散度(PDI=Mw/Mn)。
又,關於樹脂之醯亞胺化率,將在γ-丁基內酯中溶解有樹脂之溶液旋轉塗布於矽晶圓上,在120℃乾燥3分鐘而作成膜厚5μm的塗布膜,測定紅外吸收光譜,確認醯亞胺結構的吸收峰(1780cm-1附近、1377cm-1附近)之存在。接著,將該塗布膜經350℃熱處理1小時者的醯亞胺化率當作100%的樣品,測定紅外吸收光譜,藉由比較熱處理前後的樹脂之1377cm-1附近的波峰強度,算出熱處理前樹脂中的醯亞胺基之含量,求出醯亞胺化率。紅外吸收光譜之測定係使用「FT-720」(商品名,股份有限公司堀場製作所製)作為測定裝置。
於8吋的矽晶圓上,使用塗布顯像裝置ACT-8(東京電子(股)製),以旋轉塗布法,以膜厚成為10.5μm~12μm之方式塗布清漆,在120℃進行3分鐘的預烘烤。於曝光機i線步進曝光裝置DSW-8000(GCA公司製)上設置切有圓形的通孔圖案之標線片,以1500mJ/cm2之曝光量進行曝光。曝光後,使用ACT-8的顯像裝置,使用2.38質量%的四甲銨水溶液(以下TMAH,多摩化學工業(股)製),以覆液法重複2次之顯像液的吐出時間10秒、覆液時間40秒之顯像,然後以純水沖洗後,甩掉並乾燥,得到膜厚10μm之圖案。使用平板顯示顯微鏡MX61(OLYMPUS(股)製),以20倍的倍率觀察圖案,將通孔圖案解像的最小尺寸當作解析度。
又,對於未添加(c)萘醌二疊氮化合物、聚合起始劑、光聚合性化合物的感光劑之非感光之樹脂組成物,於8吋的矽晶圓上,使用塗布顯像裝置ACT-8(東京電子(股)製),以旋轉塗布法使膜厚成為10.5μm~12μm的方式塗布清漆,再者於120℃塗布正型光阻OFPR-800(東京應化(股)製),進行3分鐘的預烘烤。於曝光機i線步進曝光裝置DSW-8000(GCA公司製)上設置切有圓形的通孔圖案之標線片,以1500mJ/cm2之曝光量進行曝光。曝光後,使用ACT-8的顯像裝置,使用2.38質量%的四甲銨水溶液(以下TMAH,多摩化學工業(股)製),以覆液法重複2次之顯像液的吐出時間10秒、覆液時間40秒之顯像,然後以純水沖洗後,甩掉並乾燥,於未曝光部的光阻以丙酮剝離後,得到膜厚10μm的正型圖案。使用平板顯示顯微鏡MX61(OLYMPUS(股)製),以20倍的倍率觀察圖案,將通孔圖案解像的最小尺寸當作解析度。
於8吋的矽晶圓上,以在120℃預烘烤3分鐘後的膜厚成為11μm之方式,使用塗布顯像裝置ACT-8,以旋轉塗布法塗布清漆及預烘烤後,使用惰性烘箱CLH-21CD-S(光洋熱系統(股)製),於氧濃度20ppm以下,以3.5℃/分鐘升溫到190℃為止,在190℃進行1小時加熱處理。於溫度成為50℃以下時取出晶圓,徐冷後,對於8吋晶圓,以自中央起左右2cm間隔,使用平板顯示顯微鏡MX61(OLYMPUS(股)製)測定9點的膜 厚,將膜厚的最小值與最大值之差當作膜厚的面內均勻性。將膜厚的面內均勻性之值小於0.15μm者當作極良好(A),將0.15~小於0.4μm者當作良好(B),將0.4~小於0.8μm者當作可(C),將0.8μm以上者當作不良(D)。
將與(2)-2同樣之圖案,以自8吋晶圓的中央起左右2cm間隔,製作9射域(shot),使用惰性烘箱CLH-21CD-S(光洋熱系統(股)製),於氧濃度20ppm以下,以3.5℃/分鐘升溫到190℃為止,在190℃進行1小時加熱處理。於溫度成為50℃以下時取出晶圓,徐冷後,於9射域中,使用掃描型雷射顯微鏡1LM21(LASERTEC(股)製)測定各自解析度的圖案尺寸,將尺寸的最小值與最大值之差當作圖案的面內均勻性。將圖案的面內均勻性之值小於0.8μm者當作極良好(A),將0.8~小於1.2μm者當作良好(B),將1.2~小於1.5μm者當作可(C),將1.5μm以上者當作不良(D)。
於8吋的矽晶圓上,以在120℃預烘烤3分鐘後的膜厚成為11μm之方式,使用塗布顯像裝置ACT-8,以旋轉塗布法塗布清漆及預烘烤後,使用惰性烘箱CLH-21CD-S(光洋熱系統(股)製),於氧濃度20ppm以下,以3.5℃/分鐘升溫到190℃為止,在190℃進行1小時加熱處理。於溫度成為50℃以下時取出晶圓,徐冷後,浸漬於45質量%的氫氟酸中5分鐘,而自晶圓剝離樹脂組成物之膜。將此膜裁切成寬度1cm、長度9cm之 長條狀,使用Tensilon RTM-100((股)ORIENTEC製),於室溫23.0℃、濕度45.0%RH下以50mm/分鐘的拉伸速度拉伸,進行斷裂點延伸度之測定。測定係在每1試樣進行10片的長條,由結果求出上位5點的平均值。將斷裂點延伸度之值為80%以上者當作極良好(A),將50%以上且小於80%者當作良好(B),將25%以上且小於50%者當作可(C),將小於25%者當作不良(D)。
於8吋的矽晶圓上,以在120℃預烘烤3分鐘後的膜厚成為11μm之方式,使用塗布顯像裝置ACT-8,以旋轉塗布法塗布清漆及預烘烤後,使用惰性烘箱CLH-21CD-S(光洋熱系統(股)製),於氧濃度20ppm以下,以3.5℃/分鐘升溫到190℃為止,在190℃進行1小時加熱處理。於溫度成為50℃以下時取出晶圓,徐冷後,接著使用熱循環試驗機(以下TC裝置)(TABAI ESPEC(股)製),將在-45℃ 15分鐘、在125℃ 15分鐘當作1循環,進行500循環的處理。取出晶圓,浸漬於45質量%的氫氟酸中5分鐘,而自晶圓剝離樹脂組成物之膜。將此膜裁切成寬度1cm、長度9cm之長條狀,使用Tensilon RTM-100((股)ORIENTEC製),於室溫23.0℃、濕度45.0%RH下以50mm/分鐘的拉伸速度拉伸,進行斷裂點延伸度之測定。測定係在每1試樣進行10片的長條,由結果求出上位5點的平均值。將斷裂點延伸度之值為50%以上者當作極良好(A),將30%以上且小於50%者當作良好(B),將15%以上且小於30%者當作可(C),將小於15%者當作不良(D)。
於矽晶圓上,分別以100nm之厚度濺鍍鈦、銅,然後以電解鍍敷而施予鍍銅膜,形成在表面上具有以2μm的厚度所形成的金屬材料層之基板(鍍銅基板)。於此基板上,使用旋轉器(MIKASA(股)製),以旋轉塗布法塗布清漆,接著使用加熱板(大日本SCREEN製造(股)製D-SPIN),以120℃烘烤3分鐘,最終製作厚度10μm的預烘烤膜。對於此等之膜,使用潔淨烘箱(光洋熱系統(股)製CLH-21CD-S),在氮氣流下(氧濃度20ppm以下),於140℃ 30分鐘,接著進一步升溫,於190℃硬化1小時,得到樹脂硬化膜。於硬化膜上,使用單刃,以2mm間隔切入10行10列的棋盤狀切痕。藉由Cellotape(註冊商標)撕離,計數100個方格中幾個方格剝落,進行金屬材料/樹脂硬化膜間的密著特性之評價。再者,接著使用TC裝置,將在-45℃ 15分鐘、在125℃ 15分鐘當作1循環,進行500循環之處理後,進行上述的撕離試驗。將對於任一基板之撕離試驗中剝落的個數為0者皆當作極良好(A),將1~小於20者當作良好(B),將20以上者當作不良(D)。
在矽晶圓上,準備以150μm間隔、5μm的厚度形成有直徑60μm的銅通孔圖案之銅圖案晶圓,使用電漿處理裝置((股)日立高科技儀器製,SPC-100B+H),以50sccm的氧流量、20Pa的壓力、1200W的輸出、60秒的時間,進行電漿蝕刻。
於此基板上,使用旋轉器(MIKASA(股)製),以旋轉塗布法塗布清漆,接著使用加熱板(大日本SCREEN製造(股)製D-SPIN),在120℃烘烤3分鐘,最終製作3片的厚度10μm之預烘烤膜。對於此等之膜,使用潔淨烘箱(光洋熱系統(股)製CLH-21CD-S),在氮氣流下(氧濃度20ppm以下),於140℃ 30分鐘,接著進一步升溫,於190℃硬化1小時,得到3片形成有樹脂硬化膜之銅圖案基板。
對於此形成有樹脂硬化膜的銅圖案基板,各自使用TC裝置,將在-45℃ 15分鐘、在125℃ 15分鐘當作1循環,進行500循環處理(以下-45℃125℃),將在-45℃ 15分鐘、在150℃ 15分鐘當作1循環,進行500循環處理(以下-45℃150℃),將在-60℃ 15分鐘、在150℃ 15分鐘當作1循環,進行500循環處理(以下-60℃150℃)。將經3種之條件所處理的基板,各自以離子銑裝置(日立高科技(股)製IM4000)進行剖面切斷,以掃描型電子顯微鏡(SEM,日立高科技公司製S-3000N)進行剖面觀察。將硬化膜中沒有龜裂、或硬化膜與銅通孔圖案之剝離、銅通孔圖案之凝集剝離(銅層與氧化銅層之剝離)者當作合格,將經-60℃150℃之處理而合格者當作極良好(A),將經-45℃150℃之處理而合格者當作良好(B),將經-45℃125℃而合格者當作可(C),將任一條件下皆不合格者當作不可(D)。
於氮氣流下,在250ml的三頸燒瓶中加入27.2g(0.4莫耳)的咪唑,加入100g的二氯甲烷,在室溫下攪拌。將此冷卻到-5℃以下,將在100g的二氯甲烷中分散有29.5g(0.1莫耳)的4,4’-二苯基醚二羧醯二氯之液體,以反應溶液的溫度不超過0℃之方式,費1小時滴下。滴下後,在室溫下將反應溶液進一步攪拌3小時,過濾反應中所產生的沈澱物。以純水洗淨經過濾的沈澱物數次,於50℃的真空烘箱中乾燥100小時,得到下述式所示的酸A。
於乾燥氮氣流下,使2,2-雙(3-胺基-4-羥基苯基)六氟丙烷(以下稱為BAHF)(18.3g,0.05莫耳)、1,3-雙(3-胺基丙基)四甲基二矽氧烷(0.62g,0.0025莫耳)、5-降烯-2,3-二羧酸(0.82g,0.005莫耳)溶解於125g的NMP中。於其中,添加4,4’-氧基二鄰苯二甲酸酐(13.95g,0.045莫耳)連同25g的NMP,在60℃攪拌1小時,接著在180℃攪拌4小時。攪拌結束後,將溶液投入3L的水中而得到白色沈澱。過濾收集此沈澱,以水洗淨3次後,於50℃的通風乾燥機中乾燥3日,得到聚 醯亞胺樹脂(A-1)的粉末。如此所得之樹脂的醯亞胺化率為97%。重量平均分子量為38,800,PDI為1.9。
於乾燥氮氣流下,使2,2-雙(3-胺基-4-羥基苯基)六氟丙烷(以下稱為BAHF)(15.6g,0.043莫耳)、RT-1000(7.5g,0.0075莫耳)、1,3-雙(3-胺基丙基)四甲基二矽氧烷(0.62g,0.0025莫耳)溶解於100g的NMP中。於其中,添加酸A(13.51g,0.045莫耳)、5-降烯-2,3-二羧酸(0.82g,0.005莫耳)連同25g的NMP,在85℃反應3小時。反應結束後,冷卻到室溫為止,添加醋酸(13.20g,0.25莫耳)連同25g的NMP,於室溫下攪拌1小時。攪拌結束後,將溶液投入1.5L的水中而得到白色沈澱。過濾收集此沈澱,以水洗淨3次後,於50℃的通風乾燥機中乾燥3日,得到聚醯胺樹脂(A-2)的粉末。重量平均分子量為32,600,PDI為1.9。
於乾燥氮氣流下,使BAHF(14.6g,0.040莫耳)、RT-1000(7.5g,0.0075莫耳)溶解於100g的NMP中。於其中,添加酸A(11.26g,0.038莫耳)連同10g的NMP,在85℃反應3小時。然後,添加BAHF(1.0g,0.0025莫耳)、1,3-雙(3-胺基丙基)四甲基二矽氧烷(0.62g,0.0025莫耳)、5-降烯-2,3-二羧酸(0.82g,0.005莫耳)連同5g的NMP,在85℃反應1小時後,添加4,4’-氧基二鄰苯二甲酸酐(2.33g,0.0075莫耳)連同5g的NMP, 在85℃反應1小時。反應結束後,冷卻到室溫為止,添加醋酸(13.20g,0.25莫耳)連同25g的NMP,於室溫下攪拌1小時。攪拌結束後,將溶液投入1.5L的水中而得到白色沈澱。過濾收集此沈澱,以水洗淨3次後,於50℃的通風乾燥機中乾燥3日,得到聚醯胺-聚醯亞胺共聚合樹脂(A-3)之粉末。如此所得之樹脂的醯亞胺化率為70%。重量平均分子量為32,600,PDI為1.9。根據來自聚醯胺的酸A與來自聚醯亞胺‧聚醯亞胺前驅物的4,4’-氧基二鄰苯二甲酸酐之加入比、醯亞胺化率之值,相對於合計100莫耳%之聚醯胺與聚醯亞胺的結構單元而言,前述聚醯亞胺的結構單元之含量為12%。
於加有500ml的四氫呋喃、0.01莫耳作為起始劑的第二丁基鋰之混合溶液中,以莫耳比3:1之比例添加合計20g之對第三丁氧基苯乙烯與苯乙烯,邊攪拌3小時邊聚合。聚合停止反應係在反應溶液中添加0.1莫耳的甲醇而進行。接著,為了純化聚合物,將反應混合物注入甲醇中,使已沈降的聚合物乾燥,結果得到白色聚合物。再者,溶解於400ml的丙酮中,在60℃添加少量的濃鹽酸,攪拌7小時後,注入水中而使聚合物沈澱,將對第三丁氧基苯乙烯予以脫保護而轉換成羥基苯乙烯,進行洗淨乾燥,結果作為經純化的對羥基苯乙烯與苯乙烯之共聚物的聚羥基苯乙烯樹脂,得到酚樹脂(A-4)。
將4,4’-氧基二鄰苯二甲酸二酐(155.1g,0.5莫耳)置入於2公升容量的可分離式燒瓶中,加入125g的甲基丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯與400ml的γ-丁內酯,在室溫下攪拌,邊攪拌邊添加81.5g的吡啶而得到反應混合物。於反應所產生的放熱結束後,冷卻到室溫為止,放置16小時。
接著,於冰冷下,一邊攪拌在180ml的γ-丁內酯中溶解有206.3g的二環己基碳二亞胺之溶液,一邊費40分鐘加到反應混合物中,接著一邊攪拌在350ml的γ-丁內酯中懸浮有4,4’-二胺基二苯基醚(95.0g,0.48莫耳)者,一邊費60分鐘添加。再者,於室溫下攪拌2小時後,添加30ml的乙醇,攪拌1小時,接著添加400ml的γ-丁內酯。藉由過濾去除反應混合物中所產生的沈澱物,得到反應液。將所得之反應液加到3L的乙醇中而生成由粗聚合物所構成的沈澱物。過濾分離所生成的粗聚合物,溶解於1.5L的四氫呋喃中而得到粗聚合物溶液。將所得之粗聚合物溶液滴下至28L的水中而使聚合物沈澱,過濾分離所得之沈澱物後,真空乾燥而得到粉末狀的聚醯亞胺前驅物(A-5)之粉末。如此所得之樹脂的醯亞胺化率為14%。重量平均分子量為38,600,PDI為2.1。
於乾燥氮氣流下,使BAHF(14.6g,0.040莫耳)、RT-1000(7.5g,0.0075莫耳)溶解於100g的NMP中。於其中,添加酸A(13.06g,0.044莫耳)連同10g的 NMP,在85℃反應3小時。然後,添加BAHF(1.0g,0.0025莫耳)、1,3-雙(3-胺基丙基)四甲基二矽氧烷(0.62g,0.0025莫耳)、5-降烯-2,3-二羧酸(0.82g,0.005莫耳)連同5g的NMP,在85℃反應1小時後,添加4,4’-氧基二鄰苯二甲酸酐(0.47g,0.0015莫耳)連同5g的NMP,在85℃反應1小時。反應結束後,冷卻到室溫為止,添加醋酸(13.20g,0.25莫耳)連同25g的NMP,於室溫下攪拌1小時。攪拌結束後,將溶液投入1.5L的水中而得到白色沈澱。過濾收集此沈澱,以水洗淨3次後,於50℃的通風乾燥機中乾燥3日,得到聚醯胺-聚醯亞胺共聚合樹脂(A-6)之粉末。如此所得之樹脂的醯亞胺化率為71%。重量平均分子量為32,300,PDI為1.9。根據來自聚醯胺的酸A與來自聚醯亞胺‧聚醯亞胺前驅物的4,4’-氧基二鄰苯二甲酸酐之加入比、醯亞胺化率之值,相對於合計100莫耳%之聚醯胺與聚醯亞胺的結構單元而言,前述聚醯亞胺的結構單元之含量為2%。
於乾燥氮氣流下,使BAHF(14.6g,0.040莫耳)、RT-1000(7.5g,0.0075莫耳)溶解於100g的NMP中。於其中,添加酸A(6.76g,0.023莫耳)連同10g的NMP,在85℃反應3小時。然後,添加BAHF(1.0g,0.0025莫耳)、1,3-雙(3-胺基丙基)四甲基二矽氧烷(0.62g,0.0025莫耳)、5-降烯-2,3-二羧酸(0.82g,0.005莫耳)連同5g的NMP,在85℃反應1小時後,添加4,4’-氧基二鄰苯二甲酸酐(6.93g,0.023莫耳)連同5g的NMP,在85℃反 應1小時。反應結束後,冷卻到室溫為止,添加醋酸(13.20g,0.25莫耳)連同25g的NMP,於室溫下攪拌1小時。攪拌結束後,將溶液投入1.5L的水中而得到白色沈澱。過濾收集此沈澱,以水洗淨3次後,於50℃的通風乾燥機中乾燥3日,得到聚醯胺-聚醯亞胺共聚合樹脂(A-7)之粉末。如此所得之樹脂的醯亞胺化率為82%。重量平均分子量為35,300,PDI為1.9。根據來自聚醯胺的酸A與來自聚醯亞胺‧聚醯亞胺前驅物的4,4’-氧基二鄰苯二甲酸酐之加入比、醯亞胺化率之值,相對於合計100莫耳%之聚醯胺與聚醯亞胺的結構單元而言,前述聚醯亞胺的結構單元之含量為45%。
於乾燥氮氣流下,使BAHF(14.6g,0.040莫耳)、RT-1000(7.5g,0.0075莫耳)溶解於100g的NMP中。於其中,添加酸A(9.30g,0.03莫耳)連同10g的NMP,在85℃反應3小時。然後,添加BAHF(1.0g,0.0025莫耳)、1,3-雙(3-胺基丙基)四甲基二矽氧烷(0.62g,0.0025莫耳)、5-降烯-2,3-二羧酸(0.82g,0.005莫耳)連同5g的NMP,在85℃反應1小時後,添加4,4’-氧基二鄰苯二甲酸酐(9.30g,0.03莫耳)連同5g的NMP,在85℃反應1小時。反應結束後,冷卻到室溫為止,添加醋酸(13.20g,0.25莫耳)連同25g的NMP,於室溫下攪拌1小時。攪拌結束後,將溶液投入1.5L的水中而得到白色沈澱。過濾收集此沈澱,以水洗淨3次後,於50℃的通風乾燥機中乾燥3日,得到聚醯胺-聚醯亞胺共聚合樹脂 (A-6)之粉末。如此所得之樹脂的醯亞胺化率為80%。重量平均分子量為35,500,PDI為1.9。根據來自聚醯胺的酸A與來自聚醯亞胺‧聚醯亞胺前驅物的4,4’-氧基二鄰苯二甲酸酐之加入比、醯亞胺化率之值,相對於合計100莫耳之聚醯胺與聚醯亞胺的結構單元%而言,前述聚醯亞胺的結構單元之含量為55%。
作為(a)樹脂,使用上述樹脂(A-1)~(A-3),相對於10g的各樹脂(A-1)~(A-3)成分,以表1中所示的指定量摻合(b)成分、(c)成分、(d)成分、(e)成分、(f)成分,添加20g的γ-丁內酯而製作清漆。
使用上述酚樹脂(A-4)代替(a)樹脂成分,相對於10g的(A-4)成分,以表1中所示的指定量摻合(b)成分、(c)成分、(d)成分,添加20g的γ-丁內酯而製作清漆。
作為(a)樹脂,使用上述樹脂(A-5),相對於10g的樹脂(A-5)成分,以表1中所示的指定量摻合(b)成分、(c)成分、(d)成分,添加2.0g的聚合起始劑(C-2)與2.0g的光聚合性化合物(C-3)代替(c)萘醌二疊氮化合物,添加20g的γ-丁內酯而製作清漆。
作為(a)樹脂,使用上述樹脂(A-5),相對於10g的樹脂(A-5)成分,以表1中所示的指定量摻合(b)成分、(d)成分,添加20g的γ-丁內酯而製作清漆。
作為(a)樹脂,使用上述樹脂(A-5),相對於10g的樹脂(A-5)成分,以表1中所示的指定量摻合(b)成分,添加20g的γ-丁內酯而製作清漆。
表2中顯示各實施例、比較例所得之樹脂組成物的特性結果。
(B-1)~(B-3)、(C-1)~(C-3)、(D-1)~(D-5)、(E-1)~(E-2)、(F)係下述化學式中各自表示的化合物。
Claims (25)
- 一種樹脂組成物,其係含有(a)樹脂、(b)抗氧化劑、(d)交聯劑之樹脂組成物,其特徵為:該(a)樹脂係包含由聚醯亞胺前驅物、聚醯胺、聚醯亞胺、聚苯并 唑及此等的共聚物所選出的1種以上之樹脂而成,該(d)交聯劑係在一分子中具有酚性羥基,且在該酚性羥基之兩鄰位具有分子量40以上的取代基之交聯劑。
- 如請求項1之樹脂組成物,其中該(a)樹脂係具有酚性羥基的鹼可溶性樹脂,該樹脂組成物進一步含有(c)萘醌二疊氮化合物。
- 如請求項1或2之樹脂組成物,其中該(d)交聯劑係在一分子中具有3個以上的酚性羥基之交聯劑。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之樹脂組成物,其中該(b)抗氧化劑係具有受阻酚結構之抗氧化劑。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之樹脂組成物,其中該(b)抗氧化劑包含通式(1)所示的化合物;
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之樹脂組成物,其中該(a)樹脂具有通式(2)所示的結構單元;
- 如請求項1至6中任一項之樹脂組成物,其中該(a)樹脂至少包含聚醯胺與聚醯亞胺的共聚物而成,該聚醯胺具有來自具有脂肪族基的二胺之結構單元,且相對於100莫耳%的來自全部二胺之結構單元而言,該來自具有脂肪族基的二胺之結構單元之含量為5~40莫耳%之範圍內。
- 如請求項1至7中任一項之樹脂組成物,其中該(a)樹脂至少包含聚醯胺與聚醯亞胺的共聚物而成,相對於合計100莫耳%的該聚醯胺與該聚醯亞胺之結構單元而言,該聚醯亞胺之結構單元之含量為2~50莫耳%之範圍內。
- 如請求項1至8中任一項之樹脂組成物,其進一步含有(e)通式(3)所示的化合物,相對於100質量份的該(a)樹脂而言,該(e)通式(3)所示的化合物之含量為0.5~15質量份之範圍內;
- 如請求項1至9中任一項之樹脂組成物,其進一步含有(f)具有下述通式(4)所示的結構單元之熱交聯劑;
- 一種樹脂片,其係由如請求項1至10中任一項之樹脂組成物所形成。
- 一種硬化膜,其係將如請求項1至10中任一項之樹脂組成物予以硬化之硬化膜。
- 一種硬化膜,其係將如請求項11之樹脂片予以硬化之硬化膜。
- 如請求項12或13之硬化膜,其斷裂點延伸度為50%以上。
- 一種硬化膜的凸紋圖案之製造方法,其包含:將如請求項2至10中任一項之樹脂組成物塗布於基板上,或 將如請求項11之樹脂片積層於基板上,乾燥而形成樹脂膜之步驟,隔著遮罩進行曝光之步驟,以鹼溶液溶出或去除照射部而顯像之步驟,及加熱處理顯像後的樹脂膜之步驟。
- 如請求項15之硬化膜的凸紋圖案之製造方法,其中該將樹脂組成物塗布於基板上,乾燥而形成樹脂膜之步驟,包含使用狹縫噴嘴,塗布於基板上之步驟。
- 一種半導體電子零件或半導體裝置,其係配置有如請求項12至14中任一項之硬化膜作為銅金屬的再配線間之層間絕緣膜。
- 如請求項17之半導體電子零件或半導體裝置,其中該再配線係以經氧化處理的銅金屬配線所構成。
- 如請求項17或18之半導體電子零件或半導體裝置,其中該再配線係銅金屬配線,銅金屬配線之寬度與相鄰配線彼此之間隔為5μm以下。
- 一種半導體電子零件或半導體裝置,其中如請求項12至14中任一項之硬化膜係作為再配線間之層間絕緣膜,配置於配置有矽晶片的密封樹脂基板上。
- 如請求項17至20之半導體電子零件或半導體裝置,其中該再配線係銅金屬配線,進一步隔著凸塊而連接半導體晶片與銅金屬配線。
- 如請求項17至21之半導體電子零件或半導體裝置,其中隨著如請求項17中記載之再配線層接近半導體晶片,金屬配線之寬度與相鄰配線彼此之間隔變窄。
- 如請求項17至22之半導體電子零件或半導體裝置,其中如請求項17中記載之層間絕緣膜的厚度係隨著對於半導體晶片接近而變薄。
- 一種有機EL顯示裝置,其具備如請求項12至14中任一項之硬化膜。
- 一種半導體電子零件或半導體裝置之製造方法,其包含:將如請求項12至14中任一項之硬化膜當作再配線間之層間絕緣膜,配置於配置有暫貼材料的支撐基板上之步驟,於其上配置矽晶片與密封樹脂之步驟,及然後剝離配置有暫貼材料的支撐基板與再配線之步驟。
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- 2017-08-30 US US16/329,441 patent/US11347146B2/en active Active
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- 2017-08-30 JP JP2017549537A patent/JP7059632B2/ja active Active
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Cited By (1)
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TWI836067B (zh) * | 2019-06-06 | 2024-03-21 | 日商富士軟片股份有限公司 | 負型硬化性組成物、硬化膜、積層體、硬化膜的製造方法及半導體器件 |
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KR20190055791A (ko) | 2019-05-23 |
KR102371148B1 (ko) | 2022-03-08 |
CN109642028B (zh) | 2021-06-25 |
CN109642028A (zh) | 2019-04-16 |
JPWO2018047688A1 (ja) | 2019-06-24 |
WO2018047688A1 (ja) | 2018-03-15 |
US11347146B2 (en) | 2022-05-31 |
JP7059632B2 (ja) | 2022-04-26 |
SG11201901693YA (en) | 2019-03-28 |
US20190250511A1 (en) | 2019-08-15 |
TWI752079B (zh) | 2022-01-11 |
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