TWI726165B - 二胺化合物、使用其之耐熱性樹脂及樹脂組成物 - Google Patents
二胺化合物、使用其之耐熱性樹脂及樹脂組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI726165B TWI726165B TW106135839A TW106135839A TWI726165B TW I726165 B TWI726165 B TW I726165B TW 106135839 A TW106135839 A TW 106135839A TW 106135839 A TW106135839 A TW 106135839A TW I726165 B TWI726165 B TW I726165B
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Classifications
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- C07C235/04—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
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- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種新型二胺化合物、以及使用其之耐熱性樹脂及使用該耐熱性樹脂之樹脂組成物,藉此即使是200℃以下的低溫加熱處理,亦可得到化學抗性與膜特性優異的硬化膜。該新型二胺係以下列通式(1)表示。本發明之耐熱性樹脂或樹脂組成物適合用於半導體元件的表面保護膜、層間絕緣膜、有機電致發光元件(有機EL)的絕緣層或平坦層等。
Description
本發明係關於一種新型二胺化合物、以及使用其之耐熱性樹脂以及使用該耐熱性樹脂之樹脂組成物。更詳細而言,係關於一種適合於半導體元件之表面保護膜、層間絕緣膜、有機電致發光元件(有機EL)之絕緣層或平坦層等的感光性樹脂組成物。
以往,電子設備之半導體元件的表面保護膜或層間絕緣膜等,廣泛使用耐熱性或機械特性等優異的聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚苯并唑樹脂等(專利文獻1)。將聚醯亞胺或聚苯并唑用作表面保護膜或層間絕緣膜的情況下,通孔等的形成方法之一,係使用正型光阻的蝕刻。然而,該方法需要光阻的塗布或剝離的步驟,而具有繁雜的問題。於是有人以作業步驟的合理化為目的,研究一種經賦予感光性的耐熱性材料(專利文獻2)。
通常,聚醯亞胺或聚苯并唑,係使該等之前驅物的塗膜進行熱性脫水閉環而得到具有優異之耐熱性及機械特性的薄膜。此情況下,通常需要350℃左右之高溫的燒製。然而,例如有望作為下一代記憶體的MRAM(Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory;磁性隨機存取記憶體)及封裝樹脂並不耐高溫。因此,為了用 於這些元件的表面保護膜、及於封裝樹脂上形成重新佈線結構之扇出型晶圓級封裝體的層間絕緣膜,而尋求一種下述聚醯亞胺樹脂或聚苯并唑樹脂:其在約200℃以下的低溫下進行燒製以使其硬化,可得到不遜色於在350℃左右的高溫下燒製以往之材料的情況的特性。
將樹脂組成物用於半導體等用途的情況下,加熱硬化後的膜殘留於元件內而成為永久膜,故硬化膜的物性,特別是伸度非常重要。又,用作晶圓級封裝體的配線層之間的絕緣膜等用途的情況下,在形成金屬配線時重複進行化學液處理,故需要耐處理的化學抗性。
專利文獻1 日本特開平11-199557號公報
專利文獻2 日本特開平11-24271號公報
專利文獻3 日本特開2008-224984號公報
專利文獻4 日本特開2011-197362號公報
本發明係鑒於伴隨如上述之以往技術的課題而完成,其提供一種即使進行200℃以下的低溫加熱處理亦可得到化學抗性與膜特性優異之硬化膜的樹脂組成物、及用於該樹脂組成物的耐熱性樹脂、以及該等之原料的二胺化合物。
為了解決上述課題,本發明之二胺化合物、耐熱性樹脂、及樹脂組成物、以及其應用,具有下述構成。
[1]一種二胺化合物,其係以通式(1)表示。
(通式(1)中,R1、R2表示2價之脂肪族基;R3、R4表示為2價之脂肪族基、脂環基、芳香族基、芳香族基經由-O-、-CO-、-SO2-、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、或-C(CF3)2-:(此處F為氟)鍵結而成的2價之有機基、複數的芳香族基經由單鍵鍵結而成的2價之有機基、或複數的芳香族基經由-O-、-CO-、-SO2-、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、或-C(CF3)2-:(此處F為氟)鍵結而成的2價之有機基的情況;R5、R6表示具有氫原子、鹵素原子、羥基、硝基、氰基、脂肪族基、芳香族基、乙醯基、羧基、酯基、醯胺基、醯亞胺基、脲基之任一種的有機基;A表示單鍵、-O-、-SO2-、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、或-C(CF3)2-:(此處F為氟);p、q分別獨立為0~3之範圍內的整數)。
[2]如[1]之二胺化合物,其係以通式(1)表示,該通式(1)中的R1、R2分別獨立為以通式(2)或通式(3)表示的2價之脂肪族基。
(通式(1)中,R3、R4表示為2價之脂肪族基、脂環基、芳香族基、芳香族基經由-O-、-CO-、-SO2-、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、或-C(CF3)2-:(此處F為氟)鍵結而成的2價之有機基、複數的芳香族基經由單鍵鍵結而成的2價之有機基、或複數的芳香族基經由-O-、-CO-、-SO2-、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、或-C(CF3)2-:(此處F為氟)鍵結而成的2價之有機基的情況;
R5、R6表示具有氫原子、鹵素原子、羥基、硝基、氰基、脂肪族基、芳香族基、乙醯基、羧基、酯基、醯胺基、醯亞胺基、脲基之任一種的有機基;A表示單鍵、-O-、-SO2-、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、或-C(CF3)2-:(此處F為氟);p、q分別獨立為0~3之範圍內的整數)。
(通式(2)中,R7~R10分別獨立表示碳數1~10之伸烷基,a、b及c分別表示1a20、0b20、0c20之範圍內的整數,重複單元的排列可為嵌段亦可為隨機;又,*表示化學鍵(亦即,二價基的末端部))。
(通式(3)中,R11、R12分別獨立為氫、氟或碳數1~6之烷基,n表示1~20之整數;又,*表示化學鍵(亦即,二價基的末端部))。
[3]如[1]或[2]之二胺化合物,其係以通式(1)表示,該通式(1)中的R3為以式(4)表示的二價之有機基,該通式(1)中的R4為以式(5)表示的二價之有機基。
(通式(1)中,R1、R2表示2價之脂肪族基;R5、R6表示具有氫原子、鹵素原子、羥基、硝基、氰基、脂肪族基、芳香族基、乙醯基、羧基、酯基、醯胺基、醯亞胺基、脲基之任一種的有機基;A表示單鍵、-O-、-SO2-、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、或-C(CF3)2-:(此處F為氟);p、q分別獨立為0~3之範圍內的整數);
(式(5)中,*表示化學鍵(亦即,二價基的末端部))。
[4]一種耐熱性樹脂,其具有源自如[1]至[3]中任一項之二胺化合物的結構。
[6]一種樹脂組成物,其特徵為含有如[4]或[5]之耐熱性樹脂、(b)感光性化合物及(c)溶劑。
[7]如[6]之樹脂組成物,其更包含(d)具有2個以上烷氧基甲基及羥甲基之中的至少任一種基團的化合物。
[8]一種樹脂片材,其係由如[6]或[7]之樹脂組成物所形成。
[9]一種硬化膜,其係將如[6]或[7]之樹脂組成物硬化而成。
[10]一種硬化膜,其係將如[8]之樹脂片材硬化而成。
[11]一種硬化膜之凸紋圖案的製造方法,其包含:將如[6]或[7]之樹脂組成物塗布於基板上、或將如[8]之樹脂片材積層於基板上,並進行乾燥以形成樹脂膜的步驟;通過遮罩進行曝光的步驟;以鹼溶液將照射部溶出或去除以進行顯影的步驟;及將顯影後的樹脂膜進行加熱處理的步驟。
[12]如[11]之硬化膜之凸紋圖案的製造方法,其中該將樹脂組成物塗布於基板上並進行乾燥以形成樹脂膜的步驟,包含使用狹縫噴嘴塗布於基板上的步驟。
[13]一種有機EL顯示裝置,其係將如[9]或[10]之硬化膜,在經圖案化或未圖案化的情況下,配置於驅動電路上之平坦化層及第1電極上之絕緣層的任一者或兩者。
[14]一種電子零件或半導體裝置,其係將如[9]或[10]之硬化膜,在經圖案化或未圖案化的情況下,配置作為重新佈線之間的層間絕緣膜。
[15]如[14]之電子零件或半導體裝置,其中該重新佈線為銅金屬配線,該銅金屬配線的寬度與相鄰配線彼此的間隔為5μm以下。
[16]一種電子零件或半導體裝置,其係將如[9]或[10]之硬化膜,在經圖案化或未圖案化的情況下,於配置有矽晶片的封裝樹脂基板上配置作為重新佈線之間的層間絕緣膜。
[17]如[14]至[16]中任一項之半導體電子零件或半導體裝置,其中該重新佈線為銅金屬配線,且進一步通過凸塊將半導體晶片與銅金屬配線連接。
[18]如[14]至[17]中任一項之半導體電子零件或半導體裝置,其中隨著重新佈線層靠近半導體晶片,金屬配線的寬度與相鄰配線彼此的間隔變窄。
[19]如[14]至[18]中任一項之半導體電子零件或半導體裝置,其中配置於重新佈線之間的層間絕緣膜之厚度,隨著靠近半導體晶片而變薄。
[20]一種電子零件或半導體裝置之製造方法,其包含: 於配置有暫時性貼附材料的支撐基板上,將如[9]或[10]之硬化膜配置作為重新佈線之間的層間絕緣膜的步驟;於其上配置矽晶片與封裝樹脂的步驟;及之後,將配置有暫時性貼附材料的支撐基板與重新佈線剝離的步驟。
本發明提供一種即使進行200℃以下的低溫加熱處理,亦可得到化學抗性與膜特性優異之硬化膜的樹脂組成物、及用於該樹脂組成物的耐熱性樹脂、以及該等之原料的二胺化合物。
1‧‧‧矽晶圓
2‧‧‧Al墊片
3‧‧‧鈍化膜
4‧‧‧絕緣膜
5‧‧‧金屬(Cr、Ti等)膜
6‧‧‧金屬配線(Al、Cu等)
7‧‧‧絕緣膜
8‧‧‧障壁金屬
9‧‧‧刮線
10‧‧‧錫銲凸塊
11‧‧‧封裝樹脂
12‧‧‧基板
13‧‧‧絕緣膜
14‧‧‧絕緣膜
15‧‧‧金屬(Cr、Ti等)膜
16‧‧‧金屬配線(Ag、Cu等)
17‧‧‧金屬配線(Ag、Cu等)
18‧‧‧電極
19‧‧‧封裝樹脂
20‧‧‧支撐基板(玻璃基板、矽晶圓)
21‧‧‧電極墊片(Cu)
22‧‧‧絕緣膜
23‧‧‧金屬配線(Cu)
24‧‧‧銅柱
25‧‧‧錫銲凸塊
26‧‧‧半導體晶片
27‧‧‧TFT(薄膜電晶體)
28‧‧‧配線
29‧‧‧TFT絕緣層
30‧‧‧平坦化層
31‧‧‧ITO(透明電極)
32‧‧‧基板
33‧‧‧接觸孔
34‧‧‧絕緣層
圖1係顯示具有凸塊之半導體裝置之墊片部分的剖面放大的示意圖。
圖2係顯示具有凸塊之半導體裝置之詳細製作方法的圖。
圖3係顯示本發明之實施例的半導體裝置之製造步驟剖面圖。
圖4係顯示本發明之實施例的感應裝置之線圈零件的剖面圖。
圖5係顯示重新佈線層優先(RDL first)中的半導體裝置製作方法的圖。
圖6係TFT基板之一例的剖面圖。
以下詳細說明本發明。
<以通式(1)表示的二胺化合物>
本發明係以上述通式(1)表示的二胺化合物。在以通式(1)表示的二胺化合物中,R1、R2表示2價之脂肪族基。
R3、R4表示為2價之脂肪族基、脂環基、芳香族基、芳香族基經由-O-、-CO-、-SO2-、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、或-C(CF3)2-:(此處F為氟)鍵結而成的2價之有機基、複數的芳香族基經由單鍵鍵結而成的2價之有機基、或複數的芳香族基經由-O-、-CO-、-SO2-、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、或-C(CF3)2-:(此處F為氟)鍵結而成的2價之有機基的情況。
R5、R6表示具有氫原子、鹵素原子、羥基、硝基、氰基、脂肪族基、芳香族基、乙醯基、羧基、酯基、醯胺基、醯亞胺基、脲基之任一種的有機基。該等之中,從低溫下之脫水閉環的簡易度來看,R5、R6較佳為氫原子或脂肪族基。
A表示單鍵、-O-、-SO2-、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、或-C(CF3)2-:(此處F為氟)。
在A為具有芳香族基之有機基的情況下,R3~R6亦可包含羥基、且芳香族環上的氫之一部分或全部被羥基取代。p、q分別獨立為0~3之範圍內的整數。
此外,本發明並不排除R1與R3或R2與R4為同種基團的情況。亦即,此情況下,理解為存在此種基團的碳數為最低碳數的基團(例如,脂肪族基則為亞甲基)與除此以外之部分的基團(例如,在與-R3-R1-對應的部分具有伸丙基的情況下,理解為亞甲基與伸乙基的組合)。
較佳係該通式(1)中的R1、R2分別獨立為以通式(2)或通式(3)表示的2價之脂肪族基。以通式(2)或通式(3)表示的2價之脂肪族基具有高柔軟性,故提高伸度的效果高,因而較佳。
通式(2)中,R7~R10分別獨立表示碳數1~10之伸烷基,a、b及c分別表示1a20、0b20、0c20之範圍內的整數,重複單元的排列可為嵌段亦可 為隨機。又,*表示化學鍵(亦即,二價基的末端部)。從對耐熱性與脫水閉環溫度、伸度的影響來看,較佳為1a+b+c10。
通式(3)中,R11、R12分別獨立為氫、氟或碳數1~6之烷基,n表示1~20之整數。又,*表示化學鍵(亦即,二價基的末端部)。
從柔軟性的觀點來看,R11、R12較佳為氫或碳數1~2之烷基。
從伸縮性的觀點來看,n較佳為3以上,從所得到之化合物的耐熱性的觀點來看,較佳為10以下。
更佳係以通式(1)表示,該通式(1)中的R3為以式(4)表示的二價之有機基,且該通式(1)中的R4為以式(5)表示的二價之有機基。
(式(4)中,*表示化學鍵(亦即,二價基的末端部))。
(式(5)中,*表示化學鍵(亦即,二價基的末端部))。
此處,較佳為式(4)的氧鍵結於R1側、式(5)的氧鍵結於R2側。
以式(4)或式(5)表示之苯氧基,和胺基與脂肪族基直接連接,而抑制二胺化合物的溶解性,故從可得到高化學抗性的觀點來看為較佳。又,藉由苯基與脂肪族基形成醚鍵,可得到伸縮性,亦可得到高伸度的效果,因而較佳。又,苯環上之氫的一部分或全部可被較佳為碳數5以下之烷基或一價的較佳為碳數10以下之芳香族基所取代。
<以通式(1)表示之二胺化合物的製造方法>
以通式(1)表示之二胺化合物,可按照習知的二胺化合物之製造方法進行製造。雖並無特別限定,但可採取下述方法。
作為第一步驟,首先,在三乙胺等的三級胺、如環氧丙烷這種環氧化物、二氫吡喃等的不飽和環狀醚、如甲基丙烯酸乙酯這種含有不飽和鍵之化合物的存在下,於下述溶解有羥基二胺化合物的溶液中滴下鄰苯二甲醯亞胺醯氯衍生物。為了使反應後的二鄰苯二甲醯亞胺體容易精製,較佳係在環氧化物、不飽和環狀醚化合物、含有不飽和鍵之化合物的存在下進行去鹽酸反 應。特佳係在環氧化物、不飽和環狀醚化合物的存在下進行去鹽酸反應。
作為第二步驟,藉由將苯二甲酸從二鄰苯二甲醯亞胺體脫離,可得到以上述通式(1)表示的二胺。作為苯二甲酸的脫離方法,可使用聯胺或甲基聯胺等。作為溶劑,可使用醇。該去保護步驟可在加熱迴流下進行。
(R1、R2表示2價之脂肪族基。
R3、R4表示為2價之脂肪族基、脂環基、芳香族基、芳香族基經由-O-、-CO-、-SO2-、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、或-C(CF3)2-:(此處F為氟)鍵結而成的2價之有機基、複數的芳香族基經由單鍵鍵結而成的2價之有機基、或複數的芳香族基經由-O-、-CO-、-SO2-、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、或-C(CF3)2-:(此處F為氟)鍵結而成的2價之有機基的情況;R5、R6表示具有氫原子、鹵素原子、羥基、硝基、氰基、脂肪族基、芳香族基、乙醯基、羧基、酯基、醯胺基、醯亞胺基、脲基之任一種的有機基;A表示單鍵、-O-、-SO2-、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、或-C(CF3)2-:(此處F為氟);p、q分別獨立為0~3之範圍內的整數)。
針對R3為以式(4)表示的二價之有機基,該通式(1)中的R4係以式(5)表示的情況,較佳係藉由以下方法進行製造。
作為第一步驟,首先,在三乙胺等的三級胺、如環氧丙烷這種環氧化物、二氫吡喃等的不飽和環狀醚、如甲基丙烯酸乙酯這種含有不飽和鍵之化合物的存在下,於下述溶解有羥基二胺化合物的溶液中滴下硝醯氯衍生物。為了使反應後的二硝基體容易精製,較佳係在環氧化物、不飽和環狀醚化合物、含有不飽和鍵之化合物的存在下進行去鹽酸反應。特佳係在環氧化物、不飽和環狀醚化合物的存在下進行去鹽酸反應。
作為第二步驟,藉由將二硝基體還原,可得到以上述通式(1)表示的二胺。作為該還原方法,可使用下述方法:在鈀/碳、雷氏鎳等之金屬觸媒的存在下使氫氣作用的方法;在鈀/碳、雷氏鎳等之金屬觸媒的存在下使甲酸銨作用的方法;以氯化亞錫與鹽酸所進行的方法;以鐵與鹽酸所進行的方法;使用聯胺的方法等。
(通式(1)中,R1、R2表示2價之脂肪族基;R5、R6表示具有氫原子、鹵素原子、羥基、硝基、氰基、脂肪族基、芳香族基、乙醯基、羧基、酯基、醯胺基、醯亞胺基、脲基之任一種的有機基;A表示單鍵、-O-、-SO2-、-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、或-C(CF3)2-:(此處F為氟);p、q為0~3之範圍內的整數)。
作為反應溶劑,可列舉例如:甲基異丁酮、二異丁酮、環己酮、甲乙酮、丙酮等的酮類;乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸異丁酯等的酯類;四氫呋喃、二甲氧基乙烷、二乙氧基乙烷、二丁醚、二乙二醇二甲醚等的醚類。其中,從溶解性與通用性的觀點來看,更佳為使用丙酮。該等可單獨使用亦可混合兩種以上使用。從溶解性的觀點來看,反應溶劑的使用量較佳係相對於100質量份的二胺化合物在100~5000質量份的範圍內使用。
作為二胺化合物,可列舉:雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)六氟丙烷(BAHF)、雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)碸、雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)甲烯、雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)醚、雙(3-胺基-4-羥基)聯苯、雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)茀等含有羥基之二胺、3,5-二胺基苯甲酸、3-羧基-4,4’-二胺二苯基醚等含有羧基之二胺、3-磺酸-4,4’-二胺二苯基醚等含有磺酸之二胺、二硫基羥基苯二胺等。
<用於本發明之耐熱性樹脂>
本發明之耐熱性樹脂為具有源自通式(1)記載之二胺化合物之結構的耐熱性樹脂,又可為耐熱性樹脂的前驅物。
如下所述,本發明之耐熱性樹脂亦可包含源自以通式(1)之二胺殘基以外的二胺殘基,但期望源自通式(1)之二胺殘基的比例相對於全部二胺殘基為50莫耳%以上100莫耳%以下。藉由使其為此下限值以上的含有率,即使是低溫加熱處理,亦可得到化學抗性與膜特性優異的硬化膜,因而較佳。
(通式(6)~(9)中,Y1~Y4為源自該通式(1)之有機基,Y1~Y3分別獨立表示4~6價之有機基,Y4表示6~8價之有機基;X1表示2~6價之有機基,X2及X3分別獨立為表示4~10價之有機基,X4表示2~6價之有機基;R表示氫或碳數1~20之有機基;q、s、u、w分別獨立為2~4之整數,p、r、t、v分別獨立為0~4之整數)。
上述通式(6)中,X1、X4表示碳數2以上的2價~6價之有機基,其表示酸的結構成分。X1、X4係來自下述成分的結構:對苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸、二苯醚二羧酸、萘二羧酸、雙(羧基苯基)丙烷等的芳香族二羧酸;環丁烷二羧酸、環己烷二羧酸、丙二酸、二甲基丙二酸、乙基丙二酸、異丙基丙二酸、二-正丁基丙二酸、琥珀酸、四氟琥珀酸、甲基琥珀酸、2,2-二甲基琥珀酸、2,3-二甲基琥珀酸、二甲基甲基琥珀酸、戊二酸、六氟戊二酸、2-甲基戊二酸、3-甲基戊二酸、2,2-二甲基戊二酸、3,3-二甲基戊二酸、3-乙基-3-甲基戊二酸、己二酸、八氟己二酸、3-甲基己二酸、八氟己二酸、庚二酸、2,2,6,6-四甲基庚二酸、辛二酸、十二氟辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十六氟癸二酸、1,9-壬烷二酸、十二烷二酸、十三烷二酸、十四烷二酸、十五烷二酸、十六烷二酸、十七烷二酸、十八烷二酸、十九烷二酸、二十烷二酸、二十一烷二酸、二十二烷二酸、二十三烷二酸、二十四烷二酸、二十五烷二酸、二十六烷二酸、二十七烷二酸、二十八烷二酸、二十九烷二酸、三十烷二酸、三十一烷二酸、三十二烷二酸、二乙醇酸等的脂肪族二羧酸;再者,以下列通式表示之二羧酸;苯偏三酸、苯均三酸等的三羧酸;該等芳香族環或烴之氫原子的一部分被碳數1~10之烷基或氟烷基、鹵素原子等所取代者;含有-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-NH-、-NCH3-、-N(CH2CH3)-、-N(CH2CH2CH3)-、-N(CH(CH3)2)-、-COO-、-CONH-、-OCONH-或-NHCONH-等鍵結者。
(此處,星號表示羧基的鍵結部位)。
其中,X1、X4係來自具有芳香族之二羧酸的結構,在熱硬化時不易形成閉環,故可抑制膜收縮所引起的應力上升,而可提高密合性,因而較佳。
在製造本發明之耐熱性樹脂時,在進行聚縮合時,例如,可使用X1、X4之原材料化合物的羧酸基 經如下列通式所示的使羧酸基之反應性活性化的基團修飾的化合物。
式中,B及C分別獨立,可列舉:氫原子、甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、第三丁基、三氟甲基、鹵基、苯氧基、硝基等,但並不限定於此。
其中,較佳為使用氯化物以外的活性基。藉由使用氯化物以外的活性基,可減少所得到之樹脂中的氯離子,而可防止因存在氯離子導致從金屬基板剝離。又,作為活性基,進一步更佳為使用二咪唑交酯化合物。二咪唑交酯化合物的脫離基成為水溶性的咪唑,故可用水進行所得到之樹脂的再沉澱及清洗。再者,脫離之咪唑為鹼性,故在聚合時發揮作為聚醯亞胺前驅物結構的閉環促進劑的作用,在製造聚醯胺樹脂的階段,可提高醯亞胺化的閉環率。其結果,可降低以熱處理製作硬化膜時的閉環率。
通式(6)~(8)中的Y1~Y3表示4價~6價之有機基,Y4表示6~8價之有機基,其表示源自二胺之有機基。
耐熱性樹脂具有源自以通式(1)表示之二胺化合物的結構,故通式(6)~(8)中的Y1~Y4含有酚性羥基。藉由使其含有具有酚性羥基之二胺殘基,可得到樹脂對鹼顯影液的適當溶解性,故可得到曝光部與未曝光部的高對比,進而可形成預期的圖案。
用於本發明之耐熱性樹脂,可具有源自以通式(1)表示之二胺化合物以外的具有酚性羥基之二胺化合物的結構。
作為具體例,可列舉例如:雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)六氟丙烷、雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)碸、雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)甲烯、雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)醚、雙(3-胺基-4-羥基)聯苯、2,2’-二-三氟甲基-5,5’-二羥基-4,4’-二胺聯苯、雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)茀、2,2’-雙(三氟甲基)-5,5’-二羥基聯苯胺等的芳香族二胺、及該等芳香族環或烴之氫原子的一部分被碳數1~10之烷基或氟烷基、鹵素原子等所取代的化合物、以及具有下述所示之結構的二胺等,但並不限定於此。進行共聚合的其它二胺,可直接使用,或作為對應之二異氰酸酯化合物、三甲基矽基化二胺使用。又,亦可組合該等2種以上的二胺成分使用。
本發明之耐熱性樹脂可包含具有酚性羥基之二胺以外的二胺之殘基。藉由使該等進行共聚合,可提高耐熱性。作為具有芳香族基之二胺殘基的具體例,可列舉:3,4’-二胺二苯基醚、4,4’-二胺二苯基醚、3,4’-二胺二苯甲烷、4,4’-二胺二苯甲烷、3,4’-二胺二苯 碸、4,4’-二胺二苯碸、3,4’-二胺二苯硫醚、4,4’-二胺二苯硫醚、1,4-雙(4-胺基苯氧基)苯、石油醚、間苯二胺、對苯二胺、1,5-萘二胺、2,6-萘二胺、雙(4-胺基苯氧基苯基)碸、雙(3-胺基苯氧基苯基)碸、雙(4-胺基苯氧基)聯苯、雙{4-(4-胺基苯氧基)苯基}醚、1,4-雙(4-胺基苯氧基)苯、2,2’-二甲基-4,4’-二胺聯苯、2,2’-二乙基-4,4’-二胺聯苯、3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-二胺聯苯、3,3’-二乙基-4,4’-二胺聯苯、2,2’,3,3’-四甲基-4,4’-二胺聯苯、3,3’,4,4’-四甲基-4,4’-二胺聯苯、2,2’-雙(三氟甲基)-4,4’-二胺聯苯等的芳香族二胺、及該等芳香族環或烴之氫原子的一部分被碳數1~10之烷基或氟烷基、鹵素原子等所取代的化合物等,但並不限定於此。進行共聚合的其它二胺,可直接使用,或作為對應之二異氰酸酯化合物、三甲基矽基化二胺使用。又,亦可組合該等2種以上的二胺成分使用。
又,本發明之耐熱性樹脂,較佳係除了源自以通式(1)表示之二胺化合物的殘基以外,亦包含具有脂肪族基之二胺殘基。具有脂肪族基之二胺殘基與金屬的親和性高,故可形成金屬密合性高的樹脂。又,脂肪族二胺因鹼性高,故在聚合時發揮作為閉環促進劑的作用,藉此在製造聚醯胺樹脂的階段,可提高醯亞胺骨架的閉環率。其結果,可降低熱硬化時的閉環率,進而可抑制硬化膜的收縮及由此產生的硬化膜之應力上升。藉此,可抑制應力引起的密合力降低。再者,因柔軟的脂肪族二胺殘基有助於聚醯胺的高伸度化,故可提高與金 屬的密合性,進而可得到具有低應力性、高伸度性的硬化膜。
用於本發明之耐熱性樹脂的具有脂肪族基之二胺,較佳為具有伸烷基及烷醚基之至少任一種的有機基。具體而言,其係選自伸烷基、環烷基、烷醚基、環烷醚基之至少一種的二胺,該等的烴之氫原子的一部分可被碳數1~10之烷基或氟烷基、鹵素原子等所取代,亦可包含-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-NH-、-NCH3-、-N(CH2CH3)-、-N(CH2CH2CH3)-、-N(CH(CH3)2)-、-COO-、-CONH-、-OCONH-或-NHCONH-等的鍵結,又,該等有機基可具有不飽和鍵或脂環結構。
作為具有脂肪族基之二胺的具體化合物,可列舉:乙二胺、1,3-二胺丙烷、2-甲基-1,3-丙二胺、1,4-二胺丁烷、1,5-二胺戊烷、2-甲基-1,5-二胺戊烷、1,6-二胺己烷、1,7-二胺庚烷、1,8-二胺辛烷、1,9-二胺壬烷、1,10-二胺癸烷、1,11-二胺十一烷、1,12-二胺十二烷、1,2-環己二胺、1,3-環己二胺、1,4-環己二胺、1,2-雙(胺基甲基)環己烷、1,3-雙(胺基甲基)環己烷、1,4-雙(胺基甲基)環己烷、4,4’-亞甲基雙(環己胺)、4,4’-亞甲基雙(2-甲基環己胺)、1,2-雙(2-胺基乙氧基)乙烷、KH-511、ED-600、ED-900、ED-2003、EDR-148、EDR-176、D-200、D-400、D-2000、THF-100、THF-140、THF-170、RE-600、RE-900、RE-2000、RP-405、RP-409、RP-2005、RP-2009、RT-1000、HE-1000、HT-1100、HT-1700(以上為商品名,HUNTSMAN(股)製)、以及以下化合物,該等芳香族環或 烴之氫原子的一部分可被碳數1~10之烷基或氟烷基、鹵素原子等所取代,亦可包含-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-NH-、-NCH3-、-N(CH2CH3)-、-N(CH2CH2CH3)-、-N(CH(CH3)2)-、-COO-、-CONH-、-OCONH-或-NHCONH-等的鍵結。
(此處,n分別獨立為1~10、較佳為1~5之整數)。
在本發明中,具有脂肪族基的二胺,係具有選自伸烷基及烷醚基之至少1個的有機基,該等係主鏈為直鏈的非環化結構時,更可得到柔軟性及伸縮性,且在形成硬化膜時可達成低應力化、高伸度化,因而較佳。
烷醚之中,四亞甲基醚基因耐熱性優異,故可賦予可靠度評價後的金屬密合性,因而較佳。作為例子,可列舉:RT-1000、HE-1000、HT-1100、HT-1700(以上為商品名,HUNTSMAN(股)製)等,但並不限定於此。
藉由使用這種具有脂肪族基的二胺,可維持對鹼溶液的溶解性,並賦予所得到之硬化膜低應力性、高伸度性及高金屬密合性。
在本發明中,具有脂肪族基之二胺殘基的含量,較佳為全部二胺殘基中的5~40莫耳%。藉由含有5莫耳%以上,可得到具有脂肪族基之二胺殘基所帶來的高金屬密合效果,又,藉由含有40莫耳%以下,樹脂的吸濕性變低,故可防止從金屬基板剝離,而可得到具有高可靠度的硬化膜,因而較佳。
具有脂肪族基之二胺殘基的重複單元的排列可為嵌段亦可為隨機,但為了可賦予聚醯胺結構高金屬密合性與低應力化,以及提高伸度,其較佳為包含聚醯胺結構。
再者,為了提高與矽基板的密合性,本發明之耐熱性樹脂,可將具有矽氧烷結構的脂肪族基進行共聚合。具體而言,作為二胺成分,可列舉:以1~10莫耳%將雙(3-胺基丙基)四甲基二矽氧烷、雙(對胺基-苯基)八甲基五矽氧烷等進行共聚合者等。
又,聚醯亞胺前驅物結構的上述通式(7)或聚醯亞胺結構的通式(8)中,X2~X3表示酸二酐之殘基,其係4價~10價之有機基。
作為該酸二酐,具體而言,可列舉:苯均四酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-聯苯四羧酸二酐、2,3,3’,4’-聯苯四羧酸二酐、2,2’,3,3’-聯苯四羧酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐、2,2’,3,3’-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐、2,2-雙 (3,4-二羧基苯基)丙烷二酐、2,2-雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)丙烷二酐、1,1-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、1,1-雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)甲烷二酐、雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)甲烷二酐、雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)碸二酐、雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)醚二酐、1,2,5,6-萘四羧酸二酐、9,9-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)茀酸二酐、9,9-雙{4-(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯基}茀酸二酐、2,3,6,7-萘四羧酸二酐、2,3,5,6-吡啶四羧酸二酐、3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二酐、2,2-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)六氟丙烷二酐等的芳香族四羧酸二酐;3,3’,4,4’-二苯碸四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-環丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-環戊烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,4,5-環己烷四羧酸二酐、3,4-二羧基-1,2,3,4-四氫-1-萘琥珀酸二酐、5-(2,5-二側氧基四氫呋喃基)-3-甲基-3-環己烯-1,2-二羧酸二酐、2,3,5-三羧基-2-環戊烷乙酸二酐、雙環[2.2.2]辛-7-烯-2,3,5,6-四羧酸二酐、2,3,4,5-四氫呋喃四羧酸二酐、3,5,6-三羧基-2-降莰烷乙酸二酐、1,3,3a,4,5,9b-六氫-5(四氫-2,5-二側氧基-3-呋喃基)萘并[1,2-c]呋喃-1,3-二酮及下式所示之結構的酸二酐、以及該等芳香族環或烴之氫原子的一部分被碳數1~10之烷基或氟烷基、鹵素原子等所取代的化合物等,但並不限定於此。
R16表示氧原子、C(CF3)2、C(CH3)2或SO2,R17及R18表示氫原子、羥基或硫醇基。
該等之中,較佳為3,3’,4,4’-聯苯四羧酸二酐、2,3,3’,4’-聯苯四羧酸二酐、2,2’,3,3’-聯苯四羧酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐、2,2’,3,3’-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐、2,2-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)丙烷二酐、2,2-雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)丙烷二酐、1,1-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、1,1-雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)乙烷二酐、雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)甲烷二酐、雙(2,3-二羧基苯基)甲烷二酐、雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)碸二酐、雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)醚二酐、2,2-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)六氟丙烷二酐、3,3’,4,4’-二苯碸四羧酸二酐、9,9-雙(3,4-二羧基苯基)茀酸二酐、9,9-雙{4-(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯基}茀酸二酐、丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-環戊烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,4,5-環己烷四羧酸二酐、1,3,3a,4,5,9b-六氫-5(四氫-2,5-二側氧基-3-呋喃基)萘并[1,2-c]呋喃-1,3-二酮。該等可單獨使用或2組合種以上使用。
通式(7)的R表示氫或碳數1~20的1價之有機基。從對鹼顯影液的溶解性與所得到之感光性樹脂組成物之溶液穩定性的觀點來看,較佳為R的10莫耳%~90莫耳%為氫。再者,更佳為R含有至少1個以上的碳數1~16的1價之烴基、且其它為氫原子。
本發明中的以通式(6)~(9)表示之結構的莫耳比,可由下述方法進行確認:由在聚合時使用之單體的莫耳比進行計算的方法;及使用核磁共振裝置(NMR),檢測出所得到之樹脂、感光性樹脂組成物、硬化膜中的聚醯胺結構、醯亞胺前驅物結構、醯亞胺結構之峰值的方法。
本發明之耐熱性樹脂,較佳係重量平均分子量在3,000~200,000的範圍內。該範圍中,因可得到對鹼顯影液的適當溶解性,故可得到曝光部與未曝光部的高對比,進而可形成預期的圖案。從對鹼顯影液的溶解性方面來看,更佳為100,000以下,更佳為50,000以下。又,從提高伸度方面來看,較佳為10000以上。此處,可藉由凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)進行測量,由標準聚苯乙烯校正曲線換算得出分子量。
為了提高本發明之樹脂組成物的保存穩定性,可用單胺、單羧酸、酸酐、單活性酯化合物等其它封端劑將耐熱性樹脂的主鏈末端封端。
為了抑制本發明之耐熱性樹脂的重量平均分子量變高、對鹼溶液的溶解性降低,相對於全部胺成分,封端劑的導入比例較佳為0.1莫耳%以上,更佳為5莫耳%以上。又,為了抑制因聚醯胺樹脂的重量平均分子量變低而導致所得到之硬化膜的機械特性降低,較佳為60莫耳%以下,更佳為50莫耳%以下。又,亦可使複數的封端劑反應,導入複數不同的末端基。
作為封端劑的單胺,具體而言,可使用M-600、M-1000、M-2005、M-2070(以上為商品名,HUNTSMAN(股)製)、苯胺、2-乙炔基苯胺、3-乙炔基苯胺、4-乙炔基苯胺、5-胺基-8-羥基喹啉、1-羥基-7-胺基萘、1-羥基-6-胺基萘、1-羥基-5-胺基萘、1-羥基-4-胺基萘、2-羥基-7-胺基萘、2-羥基-6-胺基萘、2-羥基-5-胺基萘、1-羧基-7-胺基萘、1-羧基-6-胺基萘、1-羧基-5-胺基萘、2-羧基-7-胺基萘、2-羧基-6-胺基萘、2-羧基-5-胺基萘、2-胺基苯甲酸、3-胺基苯甲酸、4-胺基苯甲酸、4-胺基柳酸、5-胺基柳酸、6-胺基柳酸、2-胺基苯磺酸、3-胺基苯磺酸、4-胺基苯磺酸、3-胺基-4,6-二羥基嘧啶、2-胺基苯酚、3-胺基苯酚、4-胺基苯酚、2-胺基苯硫酚、3-胺基苯硫酚、4-胺基苯硫酚等。該等可使用2種以上。
作為封端劑的單羧酸、單活性酯化合物,可使用3-羧基苯酚、4-羧基苯酚、3-羧基苯硫酚、4-羧基苯硫酚、1-羥基-7-羧基萘、1-羥基-6-羧基萘、1-羥基-5-羧基萘、1-巰基-7-羧基萘、1-巰基-6-羧基萘、1-巰基-5-羧基萘、3-羧基苯磺酸、4-羧基苯磺酸等的單羧酸類 及將該等羧基進行酯化的活性酯化合物;苯二甲酸酐、馬來酸酐、納迪克酸酐、環己烷二羧酸酐、3-羥基苯二甲酸酐等的酸酐;由二羧酸的苯二甲酸、馬來酸、納迪克酸、環己烷二羧酸、3-羥基苯二甲酸、5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧酸、及三羧酸的苯偏三酸、苯均三酸、二苯醚三羧酸、對苯二甲酸、苯二甲酸、馬來酸、環己烷二羧酸、1,5-二羧基萘、1,6-二羧基萘、1,7-二羧基萘、2,6-二羧基萘等之二羧酸類的一個羧基與N-羥基苯并三唑或咪唑、N-羥基-5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧基醯亞胺進行反應所得到的活性酯化合物;該等芳香族環或烴之氫原子的一部分被碳數1~10之烷基或氟烷基、鹵素原子等所取代的化合物等。該等可使用2種以上。
又,本發明中的耐熱性樹脂的樹脂末端或樹脂側鏈被醯胺酸或醯胺酸酯等的醯亞胺前驅物或醯亞胺封端的結構為較佳。樹脂末端與其它成分或基板接觸的部位多於樹脂的主鏈,故可提高密合性,進而可提高樹脂組成物的保存穩定性。因此,較佳為具有醯亞胺前驅物結構或醯亞胺結構,更佳為聚醯亞胺前驅物結構的上述通式(7)或聚醯亞胺結構的通式(8)存在於耐熱性樹脂的末端附近。藉此,可提高密合性,而可進一步提高鹼可溶性樹脂的保存穩定性。因此,較佳係在將該聚醯胺結構進行聚合後,與聚醯亞胺前驅物結構及聚醯亞胺結構之至少任一種結構進行共聚合。
本發明之耐熱性樹脂的樹脂末端或樹脂側鏈被醯胺酸或醯胺酸酯等的醯亞胺前驅物或醯亞胺封 端的結構,可由苯二甲酸酐、馬來酸酐、納迪克酸酐、環己烷二羧酸酐、3-羥基苯二甲酸酐等的酸酐;由二羧酸的苯二甲酸、馬來酸、納迪克酸、環己烷二羧酸、3-羥基苯二甲酸、5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧酸、及三羧酸的苯偏三酸、苯均三酸、二苯醚三羧酸、對苯二甲酸、苯二甲酸、馬來酸、環己烷二羧酸、1,5-二羧基萘、1,6-二羧基萘、1,7-二羧基萘、2,6-二羧基萘等之二羧酸類的一個羧基與N-羥基苯并三唑或咪唑、N-羥基-5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧基醯亞胺進行反應所得到的活性酯化合物;該等芳香族環或烴之氫原子的一部分被碳數1~10之烷基或氟烷基、鹵素原子等所取代的化合物等得到,但並不限定於此。
可在本發明使用的封端劑,可由以下方法輕易地進行檢測。例如,將經導入封端劑的鹼可溶性樹脂溶解於酸性溶液,分解成構成單元的胺成分與酸酐成分,藉由氣相層析法(GC)或NMR對其進行檢測,可輕易地檢測出用於本發明的封端劑。除此之外,將經導入封端劑的鹼可溶性樹脂成分直接以熱裂解氣相層析法(PGC)或紅外光譜及13C-NMR光譜進行測量,藉此亦可輕易地檢測出。
本發明之耐熱性樹脂,例如,可藉由下述方法進行合成,但並不限定於此。
首先,在室溫下、視情況而提高的溫度下,使以活性羧酸基將二羧酸取代的化合物、或酸二酐、以通式(1)表示之二胺化合物、其它共聚合成分溶解於有 機溶劑中,接著進行加熱使其聚合。從反應時溶液之穩定性的觀點來看,溶解的順序較佳為先進行高溶解性的二胺化合物。之後,視情況加入其它共聚合成分,並加入成為封端劑的酸或酸酐使其進行聚合。
導入以通式(1)表示之二胺化合物以外的具有脂肪族基之二胺時,較佳在70~200℃下進行反應。
聚醯亞胺前驅物結構,在上述聚合法中,係來自酸酐的結構,醯胺酸酯的情況下,在上述聚合後,可藉由以酯化劑使羧酸反應等而得。
本發明之耐熱性樹脂包含聚醯亞胺的情況,該聚醯亞胺,例如,可使用下述方法進行合成:使用製作以通式(7)表示之結構的方法得到醯亞胺前驅物,於70~200℃下將其進行聚合的方法;使用習知的醯亞胺化反應法,使醯亞胺前驅物的醯亞胺環全部閉環的方法;又,在中途停止醯亞胺化反應,導入一部分醯亞胺結構的方法;再者,藉由將使醯亞胺前驅物之醯亞胺環全部閉環的已閉環醯亞胺聚合物與上述聚醯亞胺前驅物進行混合,而導入一部分醯亞胺結構的方法。
用於本發明的苯并唑,例如,可使用下述方法進行合成:得到聚醯胺,於150~250℃下將其進行聚合的方法;加入酸性觸媒使其閉環的方法。作為用於樹脂聚合的有機溶劑,可列舉例如:N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、N,N’-二甲基丙烯脲、N,N-二甲基異丁酸醯胺、甲氧基-N,N-二甲基丙醯胺的醯胺類;γ-丁內酯、γ- 戊內酯、δ-戊內酯、γ-己內酯、ε-己內酯、α-甲基-γ-丁內酯等的環狀酯類;碳酸伸乙酯、碳酸伸丙酯等的碳酸酯類;三乙二醇等的二醇類;間甲酚、對甲酚等的酚類;苯乙酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、環丁碸、二甲基亞碸、四氫呋喃、二甲基亞碸、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、乳酸乙酯等,但並不限定於此。
本發明之耐熱性樹脂,較佳為在以上述方法進行聚合後,投入大量的水或甲醇及水的混合液等,使其沉澱並過濾乾燥,再進行分離。乾燥溫度較佳為40~100℃,更佳為50~80℃。藉由上述操作將未反應的單體、二聚體或三聚體等之寡聚物成分去除,可提高熱硬化後的膜特性。
本發明之耐熱性樹脂中的醯亞胺化率,例如可藉由以下方法輕易求得。首先,測量聚合物的紅外吸收光譜,確認源自聚醯亞胺之醯亞胺結構的吸收峰值(1780cm-1附近、1377cm-1附近)的存在。接著,將於350℃下將該聚合物進行熱處理1小時而成者的醯亞胺化率作為100%的樣本,測量紅外吸收光譜,比較熱處理前後樹脂在1377cm-1附近的峰值強度,藉此算出熱處理前樹脂中的醯亞胺基的含量,以求出醯亞胺化率。為了抑制熱硬化時的閉環率變化、得到低應力化的效果,醯亞胺化率較佳為50%以上,進一步更佳為80%以上。
藉由本發明之方法所得到的耐熱性樹脂,可用作樹脂組成物。藉由本發明之方法所得到的耐熱性樹脂、使用光酸產生劑作為(b)感光性化合物的樹脂 組成物,可用作正型感光性樹脂組成物(正型感光性清漆)。
又,使用藉由本發明之方法所得到的樹脂、作為感光劑之光聚合性化合物所形成的樹脂組成物,可用作負型感光性樹脂組成物(負型感光性清漆)。
因正型感光性組成物的解析度優於負型感光性樹脂組成物,故適合於形成細微之加工圖案的用途。
作為正型感光性樹脂組成物的光酸產生劑,較佳為使用醌二疊氮化合物。
作為醌二疊氮化合物,可列舉:醌二疊氮的磺酸以酯鍵結於多羥基化合物者、醌二疊氮的磺酸以磺醯胺鍵結於多胺基化合物者、醌二疊氮的磺酸以酯鍵結及/或磺醯胺鍵結於多羥基多胺基化合物者等。該等多羥基化合物、多胺基化合物、多羥基多胺基化合物的全部官能基可未被醌二疊氮所取代,但較佳為平均全部官能基的40莫耳%以上被醌二疊氮所取代。藉由使用這種醌二疊氮化合物,可得到對一般紫外線之汞燈的i射線(波長365nm)、h射線(波長405nm)、g射線(波長436nm)感光的正型感光性樹脂組成物。
作為多羥基化合物,具體而言,可列舉:Bis-Z、BisP-EZ、TekP-4HBPA、TrisP-HAP、TrisP-PA、TrisP-SA、TrisOCR-PA、BisOCHP-Z、BisP-MZ、BisP-PZ、BisP-IPZ、BisOCP-IPZ、BisP-CP、BisRS-2P、BisRS-3P、BisP-OCHP、亞甲基參-FR-CR、BisRS-26X、DML-MBPC、 DML-MBOC、DML-OCHP、DML-PCHP、DML-PC、DML-PTBP、DML-34X、DML-EP、DML-POP、二羥甲基-BisOC-P、DML-PFP、DML-PSBP、DML-MTrisPC、TriML-P、TriML-35XL、TML-BP、TML-HQ、TML-pp-BPF、TML-BPA、TMOM-BP、HML-TPPHBA、HML-TPHAP(以上為商品名,本州化學工業製)、BIR-OC、BIP-PC、BIR-PC、BIR-PTBP、BIR-PCHP、BIP-BIOC-F、4PC、BIR-BIPC-F、TEP-BIP-A、46DMOC、46DMOEP、TM-BIP-A(以上為商品名,旭有機材工業製)、2,6-二甲氧基甲基-4-第三丁基酚、2,6-二甲氧基甲基-對甲酚、2,6-二乙醯氧基甲基-對甲酚、萘酚、四羥基二苯甲酮、沒食子酸(gallic acid)甲酯、雙酚A、雙酚E、亞甲基雙酚、BisP-AP(商品名,本州化學工業製)、酚醛清漆樹脂等,但並不限定於此。
作為多胺基化合物,具體而言,可列舉:1,4-苯二胺、1,3-苯二胺、4,4’-二胺二苯基醚、4,4’-二胺二苯甲烷、4,4’-二胺二苯碸、4,4’-二胺二苯硫醚等,但並不限定於此。
又,作為多羥基多胺基化合物,具體而言,可列舉:2,2-雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)六氟丙烷、3,3’-二羥基聯苯胺等,但並不限定於此。
該等之中,醌二疊氮化合物較佳為包含酚化合物及4-萘醌二疊氮磺醯基的酯。藉此可用i射線曝光得到高感度與更高的解析度。
相對於100質量份的樹脂,用於本發明之感光性樹脂組成物的醌二疊氮化合物的含量較佳為1~50質量份,更佳為10~40質量份。藉由使醌二疊氮化合物的含量在該範圍內,可得到曝光部與未曝光部的對比,藉此可實現更高感度化,且含量多時不會產生殘渣,因而較佳。再者,亦可因應需求添加敏化劑等。
本發明之樹脂組成物藉由含有以下列通式(10)表示之化合物,而使可靠度評價後的硬化後之膜的伸度特性、及與金屬材料的密合性提高。
以通式(10)表示之化合物藉由作用為抗氧化劑,而可抑制耐熱性樹脂的脂肪族基或酚性羥基的氧化劣化。又,藉由對金屬材料的防鏽作用,而可抑制金屬氧化。
通式(10)中,R13表示氫原子或碳數2以上之烷基,R14表示碳數2以上之伸烷基。R15表示含有碳數2以上之伸烷基、O原子、及N原子之中至少任一種的1~4價之有機基。k表示1~4之整數,為了可同時作用於耐熱性樹脂與金屬材料,k更佳為2~4。作為R15,可列舉:烷基、環烷基、烷氧基、烷醚基、烷基矽基、 烷氧基矽基、芳基、芳醚基、羧基、羰基、烯丙基、乙烯基、雜環基、-O-、-NH-、-NHNH-、組合該等者等,更可具有取代基。其中,從對顯影液的溶解性及金屬密合性的觀點來看,較佳為具有烷醚、-NH-,從與耐熱性樹脂的相互作用及金屬錯合化所帶來之金屬密合性的觀點來看,更佳為-NH-。
以下列通式(10)表示之化合物,其例子可列舉如下者,但並不限定於下列結構。
又,相對於耐熱性樹脂,以通式(10)表示之化合物的添加量較佳為0.1~10質量份,更佳為0.5~5質量份。添加量少於0.1質量份的情況下,不易得到提高可靠度後的伸度特性及對金屬材料之密合性的效果, 又,多於10質量份的情況下,因與感光劑的相互作用,而有導致樹脂組成物之感度降低的疑慮。
本發明之樹脂組成物較佳為含有熱交聯劑。具體而言,較佳為(d)具有2個以上的烷氧基甲基及羥甲基之中至少任一種基團的化合物(以下有時稱為(d)化合物)。(d)化合物可為具有2個以上的烷氧基甲基者,亦可為具有2個以上的羥甲基者,亦可為具有1個以上的烷氧基甲基與1個以上的羥甲基者。藉由具有2個以上的該等基團,可與樹脂及同種分子進行縮合反應而形成牢固的交聯結構體。藉由與光酸產生劑或光聚合起始劑併用,因提高感度及硬化膜的機械特性,故可進行更廣泛的設計。
作為這種化合物的較佳例子,可列舉例如:DML-PC、DML-PEP、DML-OC、DML-OEP、DML-34X、DML-PTBP、DML-PCHP、DML-OCHP、DML-PFP、DML-PSBP、DML-POP、DML-MBOC、DML-MBPC、DML-MTrisPC、DML-BisOC-Z、DMLBisOCHP-Z、DML-BPC、DML-BisOC-P、DMOM-PC、DMOM-PTBP、DMOM-MBPC、TriML-P、TriML-35XL、TML-HQ、TML-BP、TML-pp-BPF、TML-BPE、TML-BPA、TML-BPAF、TML-BPAP、TMOM-BP、TMOM-BPE、TMOM-BPA、TMOM-BPAF、TMOM-BPAP、HML-TPPHBA、HML-TPHAP、HMOM-TPPHBA、HMOM-TPHAP(以上為商品名,本州化學工業(股)製)、NIKALAC(註冊商標)MX-290、NIKALAC MX-280、 NIKALAC MX-270、NIKALAC MX-279、NIKALAC MW-100LM、NIKALAC MX-750LM(以上為商品名,三和化學(股)製)。可含有2種以上的該等成分。其中,添加HMOM-TPHAP、MW-100LM的情況,硬化時不易發生回焊,且圖案變成高矩形,因而更佳。
(d)具有2個以上烷氧基甲基及羥甲基之中至少任一種基團的化合物的添加量,相對於100質量份的本發明之耐熱性樹脂,較佳為10~60質量份,更佳為20~40質量份。添加量多於10質量份的情況下,熱交聯劑所帶來的交聯密度高,故可提高硬化膜的化學抗性,又,少於60質量份的情況下,可得到充分的柔軟性,故可得到高伸度,因而較佳。
又,藉由使本發明之樹脂組成物含有具有以下列通式(11)表示之結構單元的熱交聯劑,可進一步提高伸度與低應力化。
通式(11)中,R17及R18各自獨立表示氫原子或甲基。R16係具有碳數2以上之伸烷基的2價之有機基,其可為直鏈狀、分支狀、及環狀的任一種。
R16可列舉:伸烷基、伸環烷基、烷醚基、烷基矽基、烷氧基矽基、伸芳基、芳醚基、酯基、羰基、雜環基、組合該等者等,更可具有取代基。
熱交聯劑本身具有柔軟的伸烷基與剛直的芳香族基,故其具有耐熱性,且可提高伸度與低應力化。作為交聯性基,可列舉:丙烯酸基、羥甲基、烷氧基甲基、環氧基,但並不限定於此。其中,從與耐熱性樹脂的酚性羥基進行反應而可提高硬化膜之耐熱性的觀點、以及從可不經脫水而進行反應的觀點來看,較佳為環氧基。
包含以下列通式(11)表示之結構單元的化合物,例如,其例子可列舉如下者,但並不限定於下列結構。
(式中,n為1~5之整數,m為1~20之整數)。
上述結構之中,從兼具耐熱性與提高伸度的觀點來看,n較佳為1~2,m較佳為3~7。
又,視需求,在不讓硬化後的收縮殘膜率變小的範圍內,亦可含有具有酚性羥基的低分子化合物。藉此可縮短顯影時間。
作為該等化合物,可列舉例如:Bis-Z、BisP-EZ、TekP-4HBPA、TrisP-HAP、TrisP-PA、BisOCHP-Z、BisP-MZ、BisP-PZ、BisP-IPZ、BisOCP-IPZ、BisP-CP、BisRS-2P、BisRS-3P、BisP-OCHP、亞甲基參-FR-CR、BisRS-26X(以上為商品名,本州化學工業(股)製)、BIP-PC、BIR-PC、BIR-PTBP、BIR-BIPC-F(以上為商品名,旭有機材工業(股)製)等。可含有2種以上的該等成分。
相對於100質量份的耐熱性樹脂,具有酚性羥基之低分子化合物的含量較佳為含有1~40質量份。
本發明之樹脂組成物較佳為含有(c)溶劑。作為溶劑,可列舉:N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、γ-丁內酯、γ-戊內酯、δ-戊內酯、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、二甲基亞碸、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、N,N’-二甲基丙烯脲、N,N-二甲基異丁酸醯胺、甲氧基-N,N-二甲基丙醯胺等的極性的非質子溶劑;四氫呋喃、二烷、丙二醇單甲醚、丙二醇單乙醚等的醚類;丙酮、甲乙酮、二異丁酮等的酮類;乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸異丁酯、 乙酸丙酯、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、3-甲基-乙酸3-甲氧丁酯等的酯類;乳酸乙酯、乳酸甲酯、二丙酮醇、3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁醇等的醇類;甲苯、二甲苯等的芳香族烴類等。可含有2種以上的該等成分。
為了使組成物溶解,溶劑的含量,相對於100質量份的耐熱性樹脂,較佳為含有100質量份以上,為了形成膜厚1μm以上的塗膜,較佳為含有1,500質量份以下。
又,為了提高與基板的接著性,在不損及保存穩定性的範圍內,可於本發明之樹脂組成物中含有三甲氧基胺基丙基矽烷、三甲氧基環氧矽烷、三甲氧基乙烯矽烷、三甲氧基硫醇基丙基矽烷等的矽烷偶合劑作為矽成分。相對於100質量份的耐熱性樹脂,矽烷偶合劑的較佳含量為0.01~5質量份。
本發明之樹脂組成物,除了本發明之耐熱性樹脂以外,較佳為具有其它鹼可溶性樹脂。具體而言,可列舉:矽氧烷樹脂、將丙烯酸進行共聚合的丙烯酸基聚合物、酚醛清漆樹脂、可溶酚醛樹脂樹脂、聚羥基苯乙烯(polyhydroxystyrene)樹脂、或於該等成分中導入羥甲基、烷氧基甲基或環氧基等的交聯基的改質物、該等之共聚物等。這些樹脂可溶解於氫氧化四甲胺、膽鹼、 三乙胺、二甲胺基吡啶、單乙醇胺、二乙基胺基乙醇、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉等的鹼的溶液。藉由含有該等鹼可溶性樹脂,可保持硬化膜的密合性及優異的感度,並賦予其各鹼可溶性樹脂的特性。
其中,除了提高感度以外,因硬化前後的收縮變化率低而可低應力化,故較佳為酚醛清漆樹脂、可溶酚醛樹脂樹脂、聚羥基苯乙烯樹脂、或於該等成分中導入羥甲基、烷氧基甲基或環氧基等之交聯基的改質物等的酚醛樹脂。
作為該等樹脂的較佳含量,相對於100質量份的本發明之耐熱性樹脂為5~200質量份,更佳為15~150質量份。
再者,在不讓硬化後的收縮率變大的範圍內,本發明之樹脂組成物中可含有溶解調整劑。作為溶解調整劑,只要是多羥基化合物、磺醯胺化合物、脲化合物等一般作為溶解調整劑而用於正型光阻的化合物,則可適宜地使用任一種化合物。特佳可使用合成醌二疊氮化合物時的原料之多羥基化合物。
又,本發明之樹脂組成物,在摻合光聚合性化合物的情況下,成為因光而不可溶化的具有負型感光性的樹脂組成物。光聚合性化合物含有聚合性不飽和官能基。作為聚合性不飽和官能基,可列舉例如:乙烯基、烯丙基、丙烯醯基、甲基丙烯醯基等的不飽和雙鍵官能基或炔丙基等的不飽和三鍵官能基。該等之中,從聚合性方面來看,較佳為選自共軛型之乙烯基、丙烯醯基及甲基丙烯醯基的基團。
又,從穩定性的觀點來看,含有該官能基的數量較佳為1~4,各基團可為相同。又,光聚合性化合物較佳係數量平均分子量為30~800者。若數量平均分子量在30~800的範圍內,則其與聚醯胺的互溶性良好,樹脂組成物溶液的穩定性良好。
作為較佳的光聚合性化合物,可列舉例如:二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷二丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯、α-甲苯乙烯、1,2-二氫萘、1,3-二異丙烯基苯、3-甲苯乙烯、4-甲苯乙烯、2-乙烯萘、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸異丁酯、丙烯酸己酯、丙烯酸異辛酯、丙烯酸異莰酯、甲基丙烯酸異莰酯、甲基丙烯酸環己酯、1,3-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,9-壬二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,10-癸二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二羥甲基-三環癸烷二丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、二新戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、二新戊四醇六甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸2-羥乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羥乙酯、1,3-二丙烯醯氧基-2-羥基丙烷、1,3-二甲基丙烯醯氧基-2-羥基丙烷、亞 甲基雙丙烯醯胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯醯胺、N-羥甲基丙烯醯胺、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基甲基丙烯酸酯、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基丙烯酸酯、N-甲基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基甲基丙烯酸酯、N-甲基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基丙烯酸酯、環氧乙烷改質雙酚A二丙烯酸酯、環氧乙烷改質雙酚A二丙烯酸甲酯、N-乙烯吡咯啶酮、N-乙烯己內醯胺等。該等可單獨使用或組合使用兩種以上。
該等之中,作為特佳可使用者,可列舉:1,9-壬二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,10-癸二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二羥甲基-三環癸烷二丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸異莰酯、甲基丙烯酸異莰酯、新戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、二新戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、二新戊四醇六甲基丙烯酸酯、亞甲基雙丙烯醯胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯醯胺、N-羥甲基丙烯醯胺、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基甲基丙烯酸酯、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基丙烯酸酯、N-甲基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基甲基丙烯酸酯、N-甲基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基丙烯酸酯、環氧乙烷改質雙酚A二丙烯酸酯、環氧乙烷改質雙酚A二丙烯酸甲酯、N-乙烯吡咯啶酮、N-乙烯己內醯胺等。
相對於100質量份的耐熱性樹脂,本發明之樹脂組成物中的光聚合性化合物的含量較佳為5~200質量份,從互溶性的觀點來看,更佳為5~150質量份。藉由使光聚合性化合物的含量為5質量份以上,可預防顯影時曝光部的溶出,而可得到顯影後的殘膜率高的樹 脂組成物。又,藉由使光聚合性化合物的含量為200質量份以下,可抑制膜形成時的膜的白化。
本發明之樹脂組成物的黏度較佳為2~5,000mPa.s。黏度可使用E型旋轉黏度計進行測量。以黏度成為2mPa.s以上的方式,調整固體成分濃度,藉此容易得到預期的膜厚。另一方面,若黏度為5,000mPa.s以下,則容易得到均勻性高的塗布膜。例如藉由使固體成分濃度為5~60質量%,可輕易地得到具有這種黏度的樹脂組成物。
接著,針對作為使用本發明之樹脂組成物的硬化膜之形成耐熱性樹脂圖案的方法進行說明。
首先,將本發明之樹脂組成物塗布於基板上。作為基板,可列舉:矽晶圓、陶瓷類、砷化鎵、有機系電路基板、無機系電路基板、矽晶圓與環氧樹脂等之封裝樹脂的複合基板、及於該等基板上配置有電路之構成材料者等,但並不限定於此。作為有機系電路基板的例子,可列舉:玻璃布.環氧覆銅積層板等的玻璃基板覆銅積層板、玻璃不織布.環氧覆銅積層板等的複合材料覆銅積層板、暫時性貼附載具基板、聚醚醯亞胺樹脂基板、聚醚酮樹脂基板、聚碸系樹脂基板等的耐熱.熱塑性基板、聚酯覆銅薄膜基板、聚醯亞胺覆銅薄膜基板等的可撓性基板。又,無機系電路基板的例子可列舉:玻璃基板、氧化鋁基板、氮化鋁基板、碳化矽基板等的陶瓷基板、鋁合金基板、鐵合金基板等的金屬系基板。電路之構成材料的例子可列舉:含有銀、金、銅等金屬的導 體、含有無機系氧化物等的電阻體、含有玻璃系材料及/或樹脂等的低介電材料、含有樹脂或高介電常數無機粒子等的高介電材料、含有玻璃系材料等的絕緣體等。作為塗布方法,可列舉:使用旋轉器的旋塗、噴塗、輥塗、網版印刷、刮刀塗布機、模塗機、砑光塗布機、彎液面(meniscus)塗布機、棒塗布機、輥塗機、刮刀式輥塗機、凹版塗布機、網版塗布機、縫模塗布機等的方法。又,塗布膜厚因塗布方法、組成物的固體成分濃度、黏度等而異,但一般以乾燥後的膜厚成為0.1~150μm的方式進行塗布。作為感光性未硬化片材的情況中,之後使其乾燥並進行剝離。
為了提高矽晶圓等的基板與樹脂組成物的接著性,亦能以上述矽烷偶合劑對基板進行前處理。例如,將0.5~20質量%的矽烷偶合劑溶解於異丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、水、四氫呋喃、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、丙二醇單甲醚、乳酸乙酯、己二酸二乙酯等溶劑而成的溶液,藉由旋塗、浸漬、噴塗、蒸氣處理等而進行表面處理。視情況,之後進行50℃~300℃的熱處理,使基板與矽烷偶合劑進行反應。
接著將樹脂組成物或未硬化片材塗布或積層於基板上,並將所得到之基板進行乾燥,得到感光性樹脂組成物被膜。乾燥較佳為使用烘箱、加熱板、紅外線等,在50℃~150℃的範圍內進行1分鐘至數小時。
接著,通過具有預期圖案的遮罩在該樹脂組成物被膜上照射化學射線,進行曝光。作為用於曝光 的化學射線,有紫外線、可見光線、電子束、X光等,但本發明中較佳為使用汞燈的i射線(365nm)、h射線(405nm)、g射線(436nm)。
形成圖案係在曝光後使用顯影液,正型的情況去除曝光部,負型的情況去除未曝光部。作為顯影液,較佳為氫氧化四甲胺、二乙醇胺、二乙基胺基乙醇、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉、碳酸鉀、三乙胺、二乙胺、甲胺、二甲胺、乙酸二甲胺基乙酯、二甲胺基乙醇、甲基丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯、環己胺、乙二胺、己二胺等之顯示鹼性之化合物的溶液。又,視情況,可將單獨或組合數種的下述化合物添加於該等鹼溶液中:N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、二甲基亞碸、γ-丁內酯、二甲基丙烯醯胺等的極性溶劑;甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇等的醇類;乳酸乙酯、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯等的酯類;環戊酮、環己酮、異丁基酮、甲基異丁酮等的酮類等。顯影可藉由下述方法進行:將上述顯影液噴塗於被膜面、浸漬於顯影液中、或一邊浸漬一邊實施超音波處理、一邊使基板旋轉一邊噴塗顯影液等方法。顯影後較佳為以水進行沖洗處理。此處,亦可將乙醇、異丙醇等的醇類、乳酸乙酯、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯等的酯類等加入水中進行沖洗處理。
顯影後,施加150℃~500℃的溫度使其進行熱交聯反應。藉由交聯,可提高耐熱性及化學抗性。該加熱處理的方法,可選擇下述方法:選擇溫度而階段性地進行升溫的方法、或選定某個溫度範圍而連續性地 進行升溫並實施5分鐘至5小時的方法。作為前者的一例,可列舉於130℃、200℃下各進行熱處理30分鐘的方法。作為後者的一例,可列舉從室溫到400℃進行2小時直線升溫等的方法。本發明中的硬化條件較佳為150℃以上350℃以下,但本發明特別提供一種低溫硬化性優異的硬化膜,故更佳為160℃以上250℃以下,從對半導體裝置的影響來看,進一步更佳為160℃以上190℃以下。
由本發明之樹脂組成物所形成的耐熱性樹脂被膜,可用於半導體裝置或多層配線板等的電子零件、有機EL顯示裝置。具體而言,其適合用於半導體的鈍化膜、半導體元件的表面保護膜、層間絕緣膜、高密度安裝用多層配線的層間絕緣膜、感應器或SAW過濾器等電子零件的層間絕緣膜、有機電致發光元件(有機EL)的絕緣層或平坦層等的用途,但並不限制於此,可採用各種結構。
接著,針對使用本發明之樹脂組成物之具有凸塊之半導體裝置的應用例,使用圖式進行說明(應用例1)。圖1係本發明之具有凸塊之半導體裝置的墊片部分的剖面放大圖。如圖1所示,矽晶圓1上,輸入輸出用的鋁(以下稱為Al)墊片2上形成有鈍化膜3,該鈍化膜3上形成有通孔。再者,於其上形成絕緣膜4作為本發明之樹脂組成物之圖案,再者,以與Al墊片2連接的方式形成金屬(Cr、Ti等)膜5,並以電鍍等形成金屬配線(Al、Cu等)6。金屬膜5係將錫銲凸塊10的周邊蝕刻,而將各墊片間絕緣。絕緣的墊片形成障壁金屬8與錫銲 凸塊10。絕緣膜7的樹脂組成物可在刮線9中進行厚膜加工。於樹脂組成物中導入柔軟成分的情況下,因晶圓的翹曲小,故可高精度地進行曝光和晶圓的搬運。又,本發明之樹脂因高伸度性亦為優異,故藉由樹脂本身變形而在安裝時亦可緩和來自封裝樹脂的應力,因此可防止損傷凸塊或配線、low-k層,而可提供高可靠度的半導體裝置。
接著,半導體裝置的詳細製作方法記載於圖2。如圖2的2a所示,於矽晶圓1形成輸入輸出用的Al墊片2以及鈍化膜3,並形成絕緣膜4作為本發明之樹脂組成物之圖案。接著,如圖2的2b所示,以與Al墊片2連接的方式形成金屬(Cr、Ti等)膜5,如圖2的2c所示,以鍍覆法將金屬配線6成膜。接著,如圖2的2d’所示,塗布本發明之樹脂組成物,經由光微影步驟形成絕緣膜7作為如圖2的2d所示之圖案。絕緣膜7上可進一步形成配線(所謂的重新佈線(rewiring))。形成2層以上之多層配線結構的情況中,藉由重複進行上述步驟,可形成2層以上的重新佈線被由本發明之樹脂組成物所得到之層間絕緣膜分離的多層配線結構。此時,所形成之絕緣膜多次與各種藥液接觸,但由本發明之樹脂組成物所得到之絕緣膜的密合性與化學抗性優異,故可形成良好的多層配線結構。多層配線結構的層數並無上限,但大多使用10層以下者。
接著,如圖2的2e及2f所示,形成障壁金屬8、錫銲凸塊10。接著,沿著最後的刮線9進行切割以分割成各晶片。
接著,針對使用本發明之樹脂組成物之具有凸塊之半導體裝置的應用例2,使用圖式進行說明。圖3係本發明之具有絕緣膜之半導體裝置的墊片部分的剖面放大圖,其係被稱為扇出型晶圓級封裝(扇出型WLP)的結構。與上述應用例1相同地,將形成有Al墊片2、鈍化膜3的矽晶圓1進行切割以分割成各晶片後,以樹脂11進行密封。在該封裝樹脂11與晶片上,將本發明之樹脂組成物經圖案化而形成絕緣膜4,再形成金屬(Cr、Ti等)膜5、金屬配線6。之後,在形成於晶片外之封裝樹脂上的絕緣膜7的開口部,形成障壁金屬8與錫銲凸塊10。扇出型WLP為下述半導體封裝結構:使用環氧樹脂等的封裝樹脂在半導體晶片的周邊設置擴張部分,從半導體晶片上的電極至該擴張部分實施重新佈線,亦於擴張部分搭載錫球,藉此保持必須的端子數。在扇出型WLP中,以跨越半導體晶片的主面與封裝樹脂的主面所形成之交界線的方式設置配線。亦即,於由經實施金屬配線的半導體晶片及封裝樹脂這2種以上的材料所構成的基材上形成層間絕緣膜,並於該層間絕緣膜上形成配線。
又,扇出型WLP存在以下述步驟所作成之類型的封裝結構:於配置有暫時性貼附材料的支撐基板上,配置重新佈線之間的層間絕緣膜,再於其上配置矽晶片與封裝樹脂後,將配置有暫時性貼附材料的支撐基板與重新佈線剝離的被稱為重新佈線層優先的步驟。此類封裝結構中,大多係使用比矽晶圓更容易翹曲的玻 璃基板等作為支撐基板,故絕緣膜較佳為低應力。針對重新佈線層優先中的半導體裝置之製作法,使用圖5進行記載。在圖5的3a中,以濺射法於支撐基板20上形成Ti等的障壁金屬,再以濺射法於其上形成Cu晶種(晶種層)後,藉由鍍覆法形成電極墊片21。在接下來的3b的步驟中塗布本發明之感光性樹脂組成物,經由光微影步驟,形成形成有圖案的絕緣膜22。接著,在3c的步驟中再次以濺射法形成晶種層,並藉由鍍覆法形成金屬配線23(重新佈線層)。之後為了將半導體晶片的導通部間距與金屬配線的間距對應,反復進行3b及3c的步驟,形成如3d所示的多層配線結構。接著在3e的步驟中,再次塗布本發明之感光性樹脂組成物,經由光微影步驟,形成其上形成有圖案的絕緣膜後,以鍍覆法形成銅柱24。此處,銅柱的間距與半導體晶片的導通部間距相等。亦即,因一邊使金屬配線間距窄化一邊將重新佈線層多層化,故如圖3的3e所示,層間絕緣膜的膜厚為層間絕緣膜1>層間絕緣膜2>層間絕緣膜3>層間絕緣膜4。接著,在3f的步驟中,通過錫銲凸塊25連接半導體晶片26,可得到具有多層配線結構之重新佈線層優先的半導體裝置。
除此以外,在將半導體晶片嵌入形成於玻璃環氧樹脂基板所形成的凹部中之類型的半導體封裝結構中,以跨越半導體晶片的主面與印刷基板的主面之交界線的方式設置配線。在該態樣中,亦於由2種以上的材料所構成之基材上形成層間絕緣膜,並於該層間絕緣 膜上形成配線。將本發明之樹脂組成物硬化而成的硬化膜具有高伸度、與對經實施金屬配線的半導體晶片之高密合力,同時對環氧樹脂等封裝樹脂亦具有高密合力,故適合用作設置於由2種以上的材料所構成之基材上的層間絕緣膜。
又,在扇出型WLP中,重新佈線邁向細微化。本發明之樹脂組成物的硬化膜,即使對於金屬配線的寬度與相鄰配線彼此的間隔為5μm以下的配線亦具有高金屬密合性,故適合用於細微的重新佈線。此結構中,隨著重新佈線層靠近半導體晶片,金屬配線的寬度與相鄰配線彼此的間隔變窄,又,層間絕緣膜的厚度隨著接近半導體晶片而變薄,藉此對應晶片的高積體化。因此,在高解析度化的同時,具有高低差之重新佈線上的面內均勻性成為重要課題。
接著,針對使用本發明之樹脂組成物的感應裝置之線圈零件的應用例3,使用圖式進行說明。圖4係本發明之具有絕緣膜之線圈零件的剖面圖。如圖4所示,於基板12上形成絕緣膜13,並於其上形成經圖案化的絕緣膜14。基板12可使用肥粒鐵等。本發明之樹脂組成物可用於絕緣膜13與絕緣膜14的任一種。於該圖案的開口部形成金屬(Cr、Ti等)膜15,再於其上鍍覆形成金屬配線(Ag、Cu等)16。金屬配線16(Ag、Cu等)形成於螺線(spiral)上。重複多次13~16的步驟,藉由積層,可使其具有作為線圈的功能。最後,藉由金屬配線17(Ag、Cu等)使金屬配線16(Ag、Cu等)與電極18連接,並藉由封裝樹脂19進行密封。
本發明之樹脂組成物亦適合用於有機EL顯示裝置。該有機EL顯示裝置係於基板上具有驅動電路、平坦化層、第1電極、絕緣層、發光層及第2電極,平坦化層及/或絕緣層係由本發明之硬化膜所構成。有機EL發光材料具有容易吸收水分而劣化,發光部相對於發光象數之面積的面積率降低等造成不良影響的情況,但本發明之硬化膜因吸水率低,故可得到穩定的驅動及發光特性。列舉主動矩陣型(active matrix type)顯示裝置為例,於玻璃或各種塑膠等的基板上具有TFT、及位於TFT之側方部且與TFT連接的配線,於其上具有覆蓋凹凸的平坦化層,再於平坦化層上設置顯示元件。顯示元件與配線通過形成於平坦化層的接觸孔連接。
圖6顯示TFT基板之一例的剖面圖。於基板32上行列狀地設置有底部閘極型或頂部閘極型的TFT(薄膜電晶體),在覆蓋該TFT27的狀態下形成絕緣層29。又,於該絕緣層29上設置有與TFT27連接的配線28。再者,在將配線28嵌入的狀態下,於絕緣層29上設置平坦化層30。於平坦化層30上設置到達配線28的接觸孔33。接著,通過該接觸孔33,在與配線28連接的狀態下,於平坦化層30上形成ITO(透明電極)31。此處,ITO31成為顯示元件(例如有機EL元件)的電極。接著以覆蓋ITO31之周緣的方式形成絕緣層34。有機EL元件可為從與基板32相反側放出發光光的頂部發光型,亦可為從基板32側導出光的底部發光型。如此,可得到在各有機EL元件上連接有用以驅動其之TFT27的主動矩陣型的有機EL顯示裝置。
此絕緣層29、平坦化層30及/或絕緣層34,如上所述,可藉由下述步驟形成:形成由本發明之樹脂組成物或樹脂片材所構成之感光性樹脂膜的步驟;將該感光性樹脂膜進行曝光的步驟;將經曝光之感光性樹脂膜進行顯影的步驟及將經顯影之感光性樹脂膜進行加熱處理的步驟。可藉由具有該等步驟的製造方法得到有機EL顯示裝置。
以下,列舉實施例說明本發明,但本發明並不限定於該等例子。首先,針對各實施例及比較例中的評價方法進行說明。評價使用預先以1μm的聚四氟乙烯製之過濾器(住友電氣工業(股)製)進行過濾的樹脂組成物(以下稱為清漆)。
(1)重量平均分子量測量
耐熱性樹脂的分子量,係使用GPC(凝膠滲透層析儀)裝置Waters2690-996(Nihon Waters(股)製),以N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮(以下稱為NMP)作為展開溶劑進行測量,並以聚苯乙烯換算計算重量平均分子量(Mw)。
(2)聚羥基醯胺的閉環率、聚醯亞胺化率
閉環率的計算,係將清漆旋塗於矽晶圓上,於120℃下進行乾燥3分鐘,得到膜厚5μm的塗布膜。再將該塗布膜以180℃加熱10分鐘或以300~350℃加熱10分鐘而得到硬化膜(以180℃加熱的硬化膜(A)、以300~350℃加熱的硬化膜(B))。測量該等硬化膜(A)及硬化膜(B)的紅外吸收光譜,求出1050cm-1附近源自C-O伸縮振動之峰值 的吸光度。將硬化膜(B)的聚羥基醯胺的閉環率設為100%,算出硬化膜(A)的閉環率。
為了抑制熱硬化時的溶解性,以得到高化學抗性的效果,聚羥基醯胺的閉環率較佳為30%以上。
又,針對醯亞胺化率,係求出源自聚醯亞胺之醯亞胺結構的吸收峰值(1377cm-1)附近的C之吸光度。將硬化膜(B)的醯亞胺化率設為100%,算出硬化膜(A)的醯亞胺化率。
為了抑制熱硬化時的溶解性,以得到高化學抗性的效果,醯亞胺化率較佳為50%以上,更佳為80%以上。
(3)化學抗性的評價
將清漆塗布於6英吋的矽晶圓上。使用塗布顯影裝置Mark-7,使於120℃下進行預烘烤3分鐘後的膜厚成為11μm。塗布方法係使用旋塗法。進行預烘烤後,使用惰性氣體烘箱CLH-21CD-S(Koyo Thermo Systems(股)製),以氧濃度20ppm以下、3.5℃/分鐘升溫至180℃,並於180℃下進行加熱處理1小時。在溫度變成50℃以下時取出晶圓,測量膜厚後,於60℃下將各晶圓浸漬於光阻剝離液ST-120(東京應化工業製)的溶劑30分鐘。以純水清洗從溶劑取出的晶圓後,再次測量膜厚,將其變化率的絕對值超過20%者或硬化膜剝離者評價為不充分(C),將20%以內且超過10%者評價為尚可(B),將10%以內者評價為更加良好(A)。
(4)伸度性評價(高伸度性)
以使於120℃下進行預烘烤3分鐘後的膜厚成為11μm的方式,使用塗布顯影裝置ACT-8,以旋塗法將清漆塗布於8英吋的矽晶圓上及進行預烘烤後,使用惰性氣體烘箱CLH-21CD-S(Koyo Thermo Systems(股)製),以氧濃度20ppm以下、3.5℃/分鐘升溫至190℃,並於180℃下進行加熱處理1小時。在溫度變成50℃以下時取出晶圓,將其浸漬於45質量%的氫氟酸5分鐘,藉此將樹脂組成物的膜從晶圓剝離。將該膜裁切成寬度1cm、長度9cm的帶狀,使用TENSILON RTM-100(ORIENTEC(股)製),於室溫23.0℃、濕度45.0%RH下,以拉伸速度50mm/分鐘進行拉伸,以進行破斷伸度的測量。對每個檢體的10片帶狀薄膜進行測量,從結果求出前5名之數值的平均值。將破斷伸度的值為90%以上者評價為極其良好(A),70%以上且小於90%者為良好(B),40%以上且小於70%者為尚可(C),小於40%者為不充分(D)。
<合成例1 以通式(1)表示之二胺化合物(A-1)的合成>
使18.3g(0.05莫耳)的雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)六氟丙烷溶解於100ml的丙酮、17.4g(0.3莫耳)的環氧丙烷,並冷卻至-15℃。於此滴下使20.41g(0.11莫耳)的2-(4-硝基苯氧基)乙醯氯溶解於100ml之丙酮的溶液。滴下結束後,於-15℃下使其反應4小時,之後回到室溫。以旋轉蒸發器濃縮溶液,並以四氫呋喃與乙醇的溶液將所得到之固體進行再結晶。
使再結晶所收集之固體溶解於100ml的乙醇與300ml的四氫呋喃,加入2g的5%鈀-碳,並進行深入攪拌。於此以氣球導入氫,在室溫下進行還原反應。約2小時後,確認氣球不再縮小而結束反應。反應結束後,進行過濾以去除觸媒的鈀化合物,以旋轉蒸發器進行濃縮,得到二胺(A-1)。
FT-IR/cm-1:3350~3005、2938、2875、1650、1604,1550、1501、1420、1299、1130、820。
1H-NMR(DMSO):δ(ppm):10.3(s、2H)、9.2(s、2H)、8.0(s、2H)、6.5-6.9(m、12H)、4.6(s、4H)、4.2(s、4H)。
<合成例2 以通式(1)表示之二胺化合物(A-2)的合成>
使18.3g(0.05莫耳)的雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)六氟丙烷溶解於100ml的丙酮、17.4g(0.3莫耳)的環氧丙烷,並冷卻至-15℃。於此滴下使26.6g(0.11莫耳)的6-(4-硝基苯氧基)己醯氯溶解於100ml之丙酮的溶液。滴下結束後,於-15℃下使其反應4小時,之後回到室溫。以旋轉蒸發器濃縮溶液,並以四氫呋喃與乙醇的溶液將所得到之固體進行再結晶。
使再結晶所收集之固體溶解於100ml的乙醇與300ml的四氫呋喃,加入2g的5%鈀-碳,並進行深入攪拌。於此以氣球導入氫,在室溫下進行還原反應。約2小時後,確認氣球不再縮小而結束反應。反應結束後,進行過濾以去除觸媒的鈀化合物,以旋轉蒸發器進行濃縮,得到二胺(A-2)。
FT-IR/cm-1:3350~3005、2940、2880、1650、1604,1550、1501、1420、1299、1130、820。
1H-NMR(DMSO):δ(ppm):10.3(s、2H)、9.2(s、2H)、8.0(s、2H)、6.5-6.9(m、12H)、4.6(s、4H)、3.8(t、4H)、2.5(t、4H)、1.4-1.7(m、12H)。
<合成例3 以通式(1)表示之二胺化合物(A-3)的合成>
使18.3g(0.05莫耳)的雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)六氟丙烷溶解於100ml的丙酮、17.4g(0.3莫耳)的環氧丙烷,並冷卻至-15℃。於此滴下使26.1g(0.11莫耳)的3-(1,3-二側氧基異吲哚啉-2-基)丙醯氯溶解於100ml之丙酮的溶液。滴下結束後,於-15℃下使其反應4小時,之後回到室溫。以旋轉蒸發器濃縮溶液,並以四氫呋喃與乙醇的溶液將所得到之固體進行再結晶。
使再結晶所收集之固體溶解於400ml的乙醇,在氮氣環境下進行迴流。花15分鐘在該懸濁物中滴下3.76g(0.06毫莫耳)之80%聯胺單水合物的乙醇10ml溶液後,進行迴流4小時。將反應液冷卻至室溫後,進行過濾,以25ml的乙醇沖洗過濾物(白色粉末、苯二甲酸醯肼為主要成分)1次,並以50ml沖洗2次,將濾液與潤濕液混合。因認為該液體中稍微渾濁,故進行過濾得到清淨液。以旋轉蒸發器濃縮該濾液,得到二胺(A-3)。
FT-IR/cm-1:3350~3005、2943、2900、1650、1604,1550、1501、1420、1299、1130、820。
1H-NMR(DMSO):δ(ppm):10.3(s、2H)、9.2(s、2H)、8.0(s、2H)、6.5-6.9(m、4H)、4.6(s、4H)、4.0(m、4H)、2.5(t、4H)。
<合成例4 聚醯亞胺前驅物(I)的合成>
在乾燥氮氣氣流下,使33.21g(0.05莫耳)的合成例1所得到之(A-1)溶解於80g的N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮(NMP)。於此連同10g的NMP加入13.95g(0.045莫耳)的3,3’,4,4’-二苯醚四羧酸酐(ODPA),並使其於40℃下反應1小時。之後,加入1.64g(0.01莫耳)的5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧酸酐(NA)作為封端劑,再使其於40℃下反應1小時。之後,花費10分鐘滴下以15g的NMP稀釋12.50g(0.11莫耳)之N,N’-二甲基甲醯胺二甲基縮醛的溶液。滴下後,於40℃下攪拌2小時。反應結束後,將溶液投入2L的水中,過濾收集聚合物固體的沉澱。以50℃的真空乾燥機將聚合物固體進行乾燥72小時,得到聚醯亞胺前驅物之(I)。重量平均分子量為32,300。
<合成例5 聚醯亞胺前驅物(II)的合成>
在乾燥氮氣氣流下,使34.63g(0.05莫耳)的合成例2所得到之(A-2)溶解於80g的N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮(NMP)。於此連同10g的NMP加入13.95g(0.045莫耳)的3,3’,4,4’-二苯醚四羧酸酐(ODPA),並使其於40℃下反應1小時。之後,加入1.64g(0.01莫耳)的5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧酸酐(NA)作為封端劑,再使其於40℃下反應1小時。之後,花費10分鐘滴下以15g的NMP稀釋12.50g(0.11莫耳)之N,N’-二甲基甲醯胺二甲基縮醛的溶 液。滴下後,於40℃下攪拌2小時。反應結束後,將溶液投入2L的水中,過濾收集聚合物固體的沉澱。以50℃的真空乾燥機將聚合物固體進行乾燥72小時,得到聚醯亞胺前驅物之(II)。重量平均分子量為35,300。
<合成例6 聚醯亞胺前驅物(III)的合成>
在乾燥氮氣氣流下,使25.41g(0.05莫耳)的合成例3所得到之(A-3)溶解於80g的N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮(NMP)。於此連同10g的NMP加入13.95g(0.045莫耳)的3,3’,4,4’-二苯醚四羧酸酐(ODPA),並使其於40℃下反應1小時。之後,加入1.64g(0.01莫耳)的5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧酸酐(NA)作為封端劑,再使其於40℃下反應1小時。之後,花費10分鐘滴下以15g的NMP稀釋12.50g(0.11莫耳)之N,N’-二甲基甲醯胺二甲基縮醛的溶液。滴下後,於40℃下攪拌2小時。反應結束後,將溶液投入2L的水中,過濾收集聚合物固體的沉澱。以50℃的真空乾燥機將聚合物固體進行乾燥72小時,得到聚醯亞胺前驅物之(III)。重量平均分子量為29,400。
<合成例7 聚羥基醯胺(IV)的合成>
在乾燥氮氣氣流下,使34.63g(0.05莫耳)的合成例2所得到之(A-2)溶解於100g的NMP。於此,連同25g的NMP加入酸A(13.51g、0.045莫耳)、1.64g(0.01莫耳)的5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧酸酐(NA),並於85℃下使其反應3小時。反應結束後,冷卻至室溫,連同25g的NMP加入乙酸(13.20g、0.25莫耳),在室溫下攪拌1小時。攪拌結束後,將溶液投入1.5L的水中得到白色沉澱。過濾收集 該沉澱,以水清洗3次後,以50℃的通風乾燥機進行乾燥3天,得到聚羥基醯胺之(IV)。重量平均分子量為37,400。
<合成例8 聚羥基醯胺-聚醯亞胺共聚物(V)的合成>
在乾燥氮氣氣流下,使34.63g(0.05莫耳)的合成例2所得到之(A-2)溶解於100g的NMP。於此,連同25g的NMP加入酸A(6.76g、0.023莫耳)、ODPA6.98g(0.023莫耳)、1.64g(0.01莫耳)的5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧酸酐(NA),並於85℃下使其反應3小時。反應結束後,冷卻至室溫,連同25g的NMP加入乙酸(13.20g、0.25莫耳),在室溫下攪拌1小時。攪拌結束後,將溶液投入1.5L的水中得到白色沉澱。過濾收集該沉澱,以水清洗3次後,以50℃的通風乾燥機進行乾燥3天,得到聚羥基醯胺聚醯亞胺共聚物(V)。重量平均分子量為35,500。
<合成例9 聚羥基醯胺-聚醯亞胺共聚物(VI)的合成>
在乾燥氮氣氣流下,使17.32g(0.025莫耳)的合成例2所得到之(A-2)、9.16g(0.025莫耳)的BAHF溶解於100g的NMP。於此,連同25g的NMP加入酸A(6.76g、0.023莫耳)、ODPA6.98g(0.023莫耳)、1.64g(0.01莫耳)的5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧酸酐(NA),並於85℃下使其反應3小時。反應結束後,冷卻至室溫,連同25g的NMP加入乙酸(13.20g、0.25莫耳),在室溫下攪拌1小時。攪拌結束後,將溶液投入1.5L的水中得到白色沉澱。過濾收集該 沉澱,以水清洗3次後,以50℃的通風乾燥機進行乾燥3天,得到聚羥基醯胺-聚醯亞胺共聚物(VI)。重量平均分子量為37,200。
<合成例10 聚羥基醯胺-聚醯亞胺共聚物(VII)的合成>
在乾燥氮氣氣流下,使17.32g(0.025莫耳)的合成例2所得到之(A-2)、7.33g(0.020莫耳)的BAHF、RT-1000(5.0g、0.005莫耳)溶解於100g的NMP。於此,連同25g的NMP加入酸A(6.76g、0.023莫耳)、ODPA6.98g(0.023莫耳)、1.64g(0.01莫耳)的5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧酸酐(NA),並於85℃下使其反應3小時。反應結束後,冷卻至室溫,連同25g的NMP加入乙酸(13.20g、0.25莫耳),在室溫下攪拌1小時。攪拌結束後,將溶液投入1.5L的水中得到白色沉澱。過濾收集該沉澱,以水清洗3次後,以50℃的通風乾燥機進行乾燥3天,得到聚羥基醯胺-聚醯亞胺共聚物(VII)。重量平均分子量為39,200。
<合成例11 聚醯亞胺前驅物(VIII)的合成>
在乾燥氮氣氣流下,使18.31g(0.05莫耳)的BAHF溶解於80g的N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮(NMP)。於此連同10g的NMP加入13.95g(0.045莫耳)的3,3’,4,4’-二苯醚四羧酸酐(ODPA),並使其於40℃下反應1小時。之後,加入1.64g(0.01莫耳)的5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧酸酐(NA)作為封端劑,再使其於40℃下反應1小時。之後,花費10分鐘滴 下以15g的NMP稀釋12.50g(0.11莫耳)之N,N’-二甲基甲醯胺二甲基縮醛的溶液。滴下後,於40℃下攪拌2小時。反應結束後,將溶液投入2L的水中,過濾收集聚合物固體的沉澱。以50℃的真空乾燥機將聚合物固體進行乾燥72小時,得到聚醯亞胺前驅物(VIII)。重量平均分子量為29,500。
<合成例12 聚醯亞胺前驅物(IX)的合成>
在乾燥氮氣氣流下,30.23g(0.05莫耳)的HFHA溶解於80g的N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮(NMP)。於此連同10g的NMP加入13.95g(0.045莫耳)的3,3’,4,4’-二苯醚四羧酸酐(ODPA),並使其於40℃下反應1小時。之後,加入1.64g(0.01莫耳)的5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧酸酐(NA)作為封端劑,再使其於40℃下反應1小時。之後,花費10分鐘滴下以15g的NMP稀釋12.50g(0.11莫耳)之N,N’-二甲基甲醯胺二甲基縮醛的溶液。滴下後,於40℃下攪拌2小時。反應結束後,將溶液投入2L的水中,過濾收集聚合物固體的沉澱。以50℃的真空乾燥機將聚合物固體進行乾燥72小時,得到聚醯亞胺前驅物(IX)。重量平均分子量為29,500。
<合成例13 聚羥基醯胺(X)的合成>
在乾燥氮氣氣流下,使18.31g(0.05莫耳)的BAHF溶解於100g的NMP。於此,連同25g的NMP加入14.67g(0.045莫耳)的十二烷二酸二氯化物(酸B),並於85℃下使其反應3小時。反應結束後,冷卻至室溫,連 同25g的NMP加入乙酸(13.20g、0.25莫耳),在室溫下攪拌1小時。攪拌結束後,將溶液投入1.5L的水中得到白色沉澱。過濾收集該沉澱,以水清洗3次後,以50℃的通風乾燥機進行乾燥3天,得到聚羥基醯胺(X)。重量平均分子量為31,400。
合成例所使用之二胺(A-1)、(A-2)、(A-3)、HFHA、酸A如下。
<合成例14 以通式(1)表示之二胺化合物(A-4)的合成>
使18.3g(0.05莫耳)的雙(3-胺基-4-羥苯基)六氟丙烷溶解於100ml的丙酮、17.4g(0.3莫耳)的環氧丙烷,並冷卻至-15℃。於此滴下使40.6g(0.11莫耳)的3-(2-(2-(2-(1,3-二側氧基異吲哚啉-2-基)乙氧基)乙氧基)乙氧基)氯丙烷溶解於100ml之丙酮的溶液。滴下結束後,於-15℃下使其反應4小時,之後回到室溫。以旋轉蒸發器濃縮溶液,並以四氫呋喃與乙醇的溶液將所得到之固體進行再結晶。
使再結晶所收集之固體溶解於400ml的乙醇,在氮氣環境下進行迴流。以15分鐘在該懸濁物中滴下10ml的3.76g(0.06毫莫耳)之80%聯胺單水合物的乙醇溶液後,進行迴流4小時。將反應液冷卻至室溫後,進行過濾,以25ml的乙醇將過濾物(白色粉末、苯二甲酸醯肼為主要成分)沖洗1次,並以50ml沖洗2次,將濾液與潤濕液混合。因認為該液體稍微渾濁,故進行過濾得到清淨液。以旋轉蒸發器濃縮該濾液,得到二胺(A-4)。
FT-IR/cm-1:3350~3005、2943、2900、1650、1604,1550、1501、1420、1299、1130、820。
1H-NMR(DMSO):δ(ppm):10.3(s、2H)、9.2(s、2H)、8.0(s、2H)、6.5-6.9(m、4H)、4.6(s、4H)、4.3-4.5(4.0(m、24H)、2.3(t、4H)。
<合成例15 聚醯亞胺前驅物(XI)的合成>
在乾燥氮氣氣流下,合成例14所得到之(A-4)38.61g(0.05莫耳)溶解於80g的N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮(NMP)。於此連同10g的NMP加入13.95g(0.045莫耳)的3,3’,4,4’-二苯醚四羧酸酐(ODPA),並使其於40℃下反應1小時。之後,加入1.64g(0.01莫耳)的5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧酸酐(NA)作為封端劑,再使其於40℃下反應1小時。之後,花費10分鐘滴下以15g的NMP稀釋12.50g(0.11莫耳)之N,N’-二甲基甲醯胺二甲基縮醛的溶液。滴下後,於40℃下攪拌2小時。反應結束後,將溶液投入2L的水中,過濾收集聚合物固體的沉澱。以50℃的真空乾燥機將聚合物固體進行乾燥72小時,得到聚醯亞胺前驅物之(III)。重量平均分子量為45,300。
[實施例1~8、比較例1~3]
於10g上述樹脂(I)~(XI)中加入2.0g的感光性化合物、3.0g的熱交聯劑、20g的作為溶劑之γ-丁內酯,以製作清漆。
實施例所使用之感光性化合物、熱交聯劑如下。
各實施例、比較例中的樹脂之原材料及摻合顯示於表1,所得到之樹脂組成物的評價結果顯示於表2。
本申請係根據2016年11月10日提出申請的日本專利案(日本特願2016-219464),並將其內容併入於此作為參照。
本發明較佳可用於半導體裝置或多層配線板等的電子零件、有機EL顯示裝置的用途。具體而言,可用於半導體的鈍化膜、半導體元件的表面保護膜、層間絕緣膜、高密度安裝用多層配線的層間絕緣膜、感應器或SAW過濾器等之電子零件的層間絕緣膜、有機電致發光元件(有機EL)的絕緣層的用途等。
Claims (19)
- 一種耐熱性樹脂,其具有源自如請求項1或2之二胺化合物的結構。
- 一種樹脂組成物,其含有如請求項3或4之耐熱性樹脂、(b)感光性化合物及(c)溶劑。
- 如請求項5之樹脂組成物,其更含有(d)具有2個以上的烷氧基甲基及羥甲基之中至少任一種基團的化合物。
- 一種樹脂片材,其係由如請求項5或6之樹脂組成物所形成。
- 一種硬化膜,其係將如請求項5或6之樹脂組成物硬 化而成。
- 一種硬化膜,其係將如請求項7之樹脂片材硬化而成。
- 一種硬化膜之凸紋圖案的製造方法,其包含:將如請求項5或6之樹脂組成物塗布於基板上、或將如請求項7之樹脂片材積層於基板上,並進行乾燥以形成樹脂膜的步驟;通過遮罩進行曝光的步驟;以鹼溶液將照射部溶出或去除以進行顯影的步驟;及將顯影後之樹脂膜進行加熱處理的步驟。
- 如請求項10之硬化膜之凸紋圖案的製造方法,其中該將樹脂組成物塗布於基板上並進行乾燥以形成樹脂膜的步驟,包含使用狹縫噴嘴塗布於基板上的步驟。
- 一種有機EL顯示裝置,其係將如請求項8或9之硬化膜,經圖案化或未經圖案化地配置於驅動電路上之平坦化層及第1電極上之絕緣層的任一者或兩者。
- 一種電子零件,其係將如請求項8或9之硬化膜,經圖案化或未圖案化地配置作為重新佈線之間的層間絕緣膜。
- 如請求項13之電子零件,其中該重新佈線為銅金屬配線,該銅金屬配線的寬度與相鄰配線彼此的間隔為5μm以下。
- 一種電子零件,其係將如請求項8或9之硬化膜,經圖案化或未圖案化地於配置有矽晶片的封裝樹脂基板上配置作為重新佈線之間的層間絕緣膜。
- 如請求項13至15中任一項之電子零件,其中該重新佈線為銅金屬配線,且進一步通過凸塊將半導體晶片與銅金屬配線連接。
- 如請求項13至15中任一項之電子零件,其中隨著重新佈線層靠近半導體晶片,金屬配線的寬度與相鄰配線彼此的間隔變窄。
- 如請求項13至15中任一項之電子零件,其中配置於重新佈線之間的層間絕緣膜之厚度,隨著靠近半導體晶片而變薄。
- 一種電子零件之製造方法,其包含:於配置有暫時性貼附材料的支撐基板上,將如請求項8或9之硬化膜配置作為重新佈線之間的層間絕緣膜的步驟;於其上配置矽晶片與封裝樹脂的步驟;及之後,將配置有暫時性貼附材料的支撐基板與重新佈線剝離的步驟。
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US11802181B2 (en) | 2023-10-31 |
TW201829372A (zh) | 2018-08-16 |
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