TW201444231A - 磁通量機器 - Google Patents

磁通量機器 Download PDF

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TW201444231A
TW201444231A TW103102605A TW103102605A TW201444231A TW 201444231 A TW201444231 A TW 201444231A TW 103102605 A TW103102605 A TW 103102605A TW 103102605 A TW103102605 A TW 103102605A TW 201444231 A TW201444231 A TW 201444231A
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Taiwan
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assembly
magnetic flux
magnet
flux machine
core
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TW103102605A
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TWI631795B (zh
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Keith Klontz
Haodong Li
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Clearwater Holdings Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/10—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/40—Printed batteries, e.g. thin film batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H02K1/2787—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/2789—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2791—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2793—Rotors axially facing stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2793—Rotors axially facing stators
    • H02K1/2795—Rotors axially facing stators the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/0094—Structural association with other electrical or electronic devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/26—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with rotating armatures and stationary magnets
    • H02K21/28—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with rotating armatures and stationary magnets with armatures rotating within the magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/12—Transversal flux machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

一種磁通量機器包括一定子和一轉子。具有側表面之電性線圈組件與複數永久磁鐵組係圓形排列於該定子與該轉子上。該些磁鐵之磁極面之位置係與該線圈組件之導磁性芯部之側表面相鄰並間隔。一對磁鐵之類磁極面係受各線圈組件中之導磁性芯部隔開而相互面對，且一第三磁鐵之磁極面係相對該對磁鐵之該相互面對的極面而朝向橫向。

Description

磁通量機器 相關申請
本案之全部或部分係描述與共同未審結之臨時申請案第61/756,404號美國專利(申請日為2013年1月24日提出)相同的裝置和方法，並主張其國際日期優先權作為一個非臨時之有效申請。第61/756,404號美國專利申請之標的物係全部引用併入本文。
本揭露的工業領域係涉及電動機和發電機及其製作與操作之方法。特別是本揭露涉及一種可運作以作為電動機或發電機的磁通量機器(flux machine,FM)。
為了商業上的可行性，電動機與發電機之效率係極為重要。因此，產生該磁通量與電動勢之磁鐵與線圈的佈設對於電動機與發電機之運行效率具有重大影響。因包含汽車在內之更多必需品正朝電力發展，故對於具有更佳效率之電動機與發電機係具有明顯的需求。
本發明提供一種磁通量機器，係包括：一轉子，係具有複數電性芯部線圈組件，其各具有側表面；一定子，具 有複數磁鐵組，其中，每一該磁鐵組之磁鐵之類磁極面之位置係與每一該導磁性芯部線圈組件之側表面相鄰並間隔；以及其中，於每一該磁鐵組中：一對該磁鐵之相互面對之類磁極面係面對一芯部線圈組件；一第三個該磁鐵之設置係用以相對於該對磁鐵的磁通量而橫向引導磁通量。
5‧‧‧共同軸線
10‧‧‧磁通量機器
20‧‧‧接線盒
30‧‧‧罩件
31‧‧‧篩件
34‧‧‧溝槽
40‧‧‧外部轉子磁鐵組件
42‧‧‧圓筒形壁
44‧‧‧端壁
46、50、76‧‧‧永久磁鐵
48‧‧‧向內表面
60‧‧‧風扇
62‧‧‧圓形平面板體
64‧‧‧徑向葉片
66‧‧‧外圍間隙
70‧‧‧內部轉子磁鐵組件
72‧‧‧圓筒形外壁
74‧‧‧環形內側凸緣
78‧‧‧軸向凸塊
80‧‧‧非鐵圓罩
100‧‧‧定子組件
102‧‧‧架型盤體
104‧‧‧徑向隔片
106‧‧‧近端表面
110‧‧‧芯部線圈組件
120‧‧‧芯部線圈組件
122、124‧‧‧芯部、疊件
125‧‧‧電箱凸緣
126‧‧‧冷卻線圈
126‧‧‧線圈
127‧‧‧圓形線束
128‧‧‧U形絕緣套
129‧‧‧引線導管
130‧‧‧貼蓋式角套
132‧‧‧硬件
150‧‧‧轉子輪轂
160‧‧‧飛輪
170‧‧‧飛輪殼體
第1圖係為於此所描述、所繪示、所主張之磁通量機器之實施例之近端透視圖；第2圖係為其實施例之遠端透視圖；第3圖係為第1圖的實施例之近端透視展開圖；第4圖係為第2圖的實施例之遠端透視展開圖；第5圖係為第1圖之A-A剖線且經過一中間旋轉軸的實施例之垂直剖面圖；第6圖係為一外部轉子磁鐵組件的實施例之遠端透視圖；第7圖係為一內部轉子磁鐵組件的實施例之近端透視圖；第8圖係為第7圖的展開圖；第9圖係為其徑流式風扇之實施例的近端透視圖；第10圖係為其定子組件顯示僅具有少數典型芯部與線圈元件的實施例的近端透視圖； 第11圖係為其芯部線圈組件的實施例之透視展開視圖；第12圖係為其整組芯部線圈組件且顯示線圈之線條佈設成至一環繞線束上的實施例之遠端透視圖；以及第13圖係為本揭露之12極點與兩並聯星行連接區塊的電性連接區域之實施例。
附圖中相同的參考符號係表示相同的元件。
一種功能可如電動機或發電機且於實驗室測試中能明顯提高效率之磁通量機器(FM 10)已被開發出。於此所揭露的新設計係依據磁鐵與線圈的新穎配置以產生較佳的磁通量，並因而於運作上更有效率。於此所描述的裝置是一種本領域通稱為「磁通量機器(FM 10)」類型之電動馬達發電機。於一些實施例中，該磁通量機器作用如一縱向磁通量機器。於其它實施例中，該機器作用如一橫向磁通量機器(TFM)。於另一其它實施例中，該磁通量機器可為一混合縱向與橫向之磁通量機器。例如，近年來，橫向磁通量機器已發現利於廣泛範圍的應用。於標準電動馬達中，該電磁力向量係平行其磁通線，而於TFM的電磁力向量係垂直該磁通線。該TFM的設計允許增加該磁極數量且未降低每磁極之磁動勢，因此其能產生的功率密度係高於傳統機器。具有大量磁極數與短路電流通道的TFM是 受注意的，因其實現高轉矩/重量比、高功率/重量比、及低銅損耗。
一種線圈與磁鐵的佈設已被開發出，係允 許磁通量分別受導引朝向該些線圈或該些線圈組件的三個不同側。例如，可具有由向內或向外之磁極導引方向之兩個磁鐵導引位於該些線圈之相反側上之徑向方向的磁通，而具有軸向相向之磁極的第三個磁鐵，其導引位於該些線圈之第三側上之軸方向之磁通。此外，該些線圈可被導引方向，以致於該繞組(winding)與電流係流動於一平面上，該平面垂直於一指向運動既定之圓周方向上的向量。這佈設允許該三個磁鐵之每一個係相鄰該些線圈的不同側，但因該線圈架是位在一垂直於該運動平面的平面上，故每一個磁鐵僅與該些線圈的其中一側相互作用。這使得三個磁鐵能同時與該些具有較佳感應磁通量之配置的線圈相互作用。
第1及2圖顯示該FM 10的一實施例，其 形狀通常可為圓形且軸向相對較短。於其它實施例中，它亦可為軸向相對較長、線形、或其它合適的構形。FM 10與圖示上方的接線盒20可成為電性連接，且與FM 10之機械嚙合可形成於遠端。於本說明書中，「遠端」的視角或元件係從該機器之後方(第4圖)觀看，且「近端」的視角或元件係從該機器的前方(第3圖)觀看。可使用替代性的機械接合與電性接合。
第3圖係繪示FM 10之一實施例的該些部 件及子組件，且顯示於機器運行期間該些項目所佔用的相對位置。於第3圖中從左向右移動係為：罩件30、外部轉子磁鐵組件40、風扇60、內部轉子磁鐵組件70、定子組件100、轉子輪轂150、飛輪160及飛輪殼體170。飛輪160不是FM 10的一部分，但仍顯示及描述，以能理解實際情況，即FM 10可與其機械嚙合以被驅動而成為一電動發電機或以產生有效的轉動輸出功而成為電動馬達。第3圖亦顯示該些常見硬質螺絲，其可用於固定多個部件與子組件，以製成一完整組裝之機器。可使用任何其它合適的連接手段取代螺絲，以固定該些組件與子組件。FM 10所定義的上述所有部件均軸向排列於一亦作為該轉子旋轉中心之共同軸線5上，即元件40、60、70及150。第4圖係為相同元件的遠端視圖。
第5圖顯示FM 10之實施例的垂直截面狀， 其繪示一實施例，係轉子輪轂150如何連接飛輪160，內部轉子磁鐵組件70如何連接轉子輪轂150、風扇60如何連接至內部轉子磁鐵組件70；外部轉子磁鐵組件40至內部轉子磁鐵組件70；定子組件100至飛輪殼體170，以及罩件30至定子組件100。第5圖復顯示永久磁鐵46、50、76及芯部線圈組件120的位置。可替代實施例與結構可被應用，其包含所述之各種部件的選擇與連接關係。例如，於一些實施例中，該轉子和定子亦可互換，藉由適當的調整電性與機械的連接關係。
現在參照第6圖，其顯示在一些實施例中， 該外部轉子磁鐵組件40可具有一圓筒形壁42及一端壁44。此外，該外部轉子磁鐵組件可由任何其它適合之環形體、柱狀體或其它合適的連接部件構成。OD徑向磁鐵46可安裝於圓筒形壁42上，且軸向磁鐵50可安裝於端壁44上。該OD徑向磁鐵46可安裝於圓筒形壁42之內表面、外表面、該圓筒形壁42之縫隙或空間上、或任何其它合適的設置。該軸向磁鐵可安裝於端壁44之向內表面48、向外表面、端壁44之縫隙或空間上、或任何其它合適的設置。該些磁鐵46、50之每一組可環狀排列或於其它實施例中呈線狀排列。該些磁鐵46、50可具有產生正常磁通線之平坦磁極面，以使磁鐵46產生一個徑向磁通線，且磁鐵50產生軸向磁通線。該些磁鐵46、50係藉由如環氧樹脂型或其它之黏結劑固定其對應表面或任何其它合適部分，且可藉由一般硬件額外地固定，如圖所示之螺紋鎖件裝入端壁44、或其它合適的方法或裝置。
現在參照第7及8圖，其顯示內部轉子磁鐵 組件70可為一圓筒，其具有一圓筒形外壁72及一位於外壁72遠端之環形內側凸緣74。於其它實施例中，該內部/轉子/定子可由材料、環、壁、凸緣或連接件的任何合適的配搭所構成。於圓形配置中，ID徑向磁鐵76可設於外壁72之外表面上。磁鐵76亦可設於空間中、或連接至欄杆、或習知其它適合手段。磁鐵76可為弧形，以與它們安置處上之外壁72曲面相吻合，且該磁極表面可向外，以產生徑向引導的磁通量。磁鐵76亦可為平坦或任何其它合適的形 狀。磁鐵76可藉由用如環氧樹脂型或其它之黏結劑固定至外壁72或該內部轉子/定子磁鐵組件70之另一合適部位上，並可藉由一般硬件額外地固定，例如，螺絲螺接外壁72或其它方式。如第7及8圖所示，一種附加的非鐵(non-ferrous)圓罩80可配合於磁鐵76之上以強化其固接。
磁鐵46、50、76可為永久磁鐵、電磁鐵或 兩者的組合。於其它實施例中，該內部轉子磁鐵組件70與外部轉子磁鐵組件40可結合成一單一轉子組件，或該外部轉子磁鐵組件40之端壁44可連接至該內部轉子磁鐵組件70。此外，依適當的電性連接與機械連接之調整，該定子可為該轉子，且該轉子可為定子。
於其它實施例中，內部轉子磁鐵組件70或 外部轉子磁鐵組件40可包括兩端壁44，其具有兩相互面對且軸向引導磁通並分別連接至其中一端壁44上之磁鐵50，以及一圓筒形壁42，其具有徑向引導磁通並連接至該圓筒形壁42的徑向磁鐵76。於此實施例中，該定子線圈將位於該轉子內側，且具有軸向-徑向-軸向磁通受引導至該些線圈之三個不同側。於此實施例中，可引導該些線圈之方向，使電流流動於一垂直於運動方向上之沿圓周方向之向量的平面上。
於第9圖中所示之風扇60可由一圓形平面 板體62與藉由焊接或其它方式設於其上的徑向葉片64所製成。於FM 10之運作期間，風扇60可相對軸線5旋轉，以將空氣沿軸向穿過篩件31(第1圖)而吸入該機器，藉以 利用葉片64重新徑向導引，以冷卻線圈126與芯部122、124。該空氣排出經由罩件30(第1圖)上的溝槽34。應當理解的，藉由軸向凸塊78嚙合於板體62之外圍間隙66上，使風扇60嚙合至內部轉子磁鐵組件70上。
於一實施例中可作為FM 10之轉子的定子 組件100，係可具有一第10圖中所示之金屬結構框架，其包括一架型盤體102、及其所結合之由相互間隔且設於盤體102近端表面106之徑向隔片104所組成之一圓形排列。於第10圖中，複數線圈126顯示於其各自的運作位置，且藉由環繞隔片104之圓形線束127電性連接。線束127的電線係終止於三個與一電箱凸緣125相鄰之引線導管129，該電箱凸緣125係為一體成形至或結合至盤體102上。於一些實施例中，隔片104之間的通道可用於佈設線圈126的電線，如所示之“A”。亦如第10圖所示，可有三個芯部120。該些芯部120可為導磁性芯部、複合材、層壓材、或層壓材與複合材之組合、或其它合適的芯部構造。
如第12圖所示，一整組之芯部線圈組件 (core-coil assembly,CCA)110或線圈組件係安裝作為定子組件100的一部分，每一CCA 110安裝至其中一隔片104(第10圖)上。一典型的CCA 110係展開顯示於第11圖中，其表示一芯部120由兩個相鄰接的矽鋼疊層式之疊件所製成，當安裝於定子組件100上時，一較大的疊件122係為徑向線性排列之疊層，且當如此安裝時，一較小的疊件124 係為軸向線性排列之疊層。如圖所示，疊件122、124採用一般硬件或其它方式相連接，並使用一般硬件132以栓固CCA 110至架型盤體102、或可藉由包含焊接在內之任何其它合適手段作連接。其它合適的芯部線圈組件110可具有包含一單一芯部組件在內之其它合適的部件。例如，該芯部120可為包含銅或其它合適材料在內之任何導體材料。於其它實施例中，該芯部線圈組件110可為似蛋形、圓形或其它合適形狀。
堆疊排列可定向至來自其各自相鄰磁鐵 46、50、76之磁通方向上。芯部120可由壓縮羰基鐵粒子、海綿鐵粉或其它材質之單一形狀塊體取代製成。線圈126可由一扁平、圈狀、其它形態的銅、或其他材料之線條纏繞成矩形、似蛋形或圓形所製成，以配合芯部120之如第11圖所示之“B”之容納通道。於一些實施例中，該線圈126的扁平線條係外表塗覆絕緣材，且該線圈126之複數接腳與該芯部120復藉由U形絕緣套128及貼蓋式角套130相互絕緣。於第11圖所能見之處，於一些實施例中，疊件122、124之磁通量將定向成直角，以使電流流過線圈126之繞組，從而產生一作用力於第三正交方向上，且第三正交方向係為該轉子之旋轉方向。第12圖係為一遠端視角，其繪示整組CCA 110，並顯示線圈之線條延伸至線束127，且硬件132穿過隔片104與架型盤體102(參照第10圖)，用於牢固所有CCA 110以作為定子組件100之一部分。
如第10圖繪示，該芯部線圈組件110或線 圈組件110可受導引方向，以使該些線圈126纏繞成一矩形且相對於該轉子或定子定向，使該電流流動在一垂直一定向於運動或旋轉的圓周方向之向量的平面上。於第10圖繪示之實施例中，該些線圈具有外露之三側，以與磁通相互作用，包括兩側外露以與徑向磁鐵76、46的磁通相互作用，而一側外露以與軸向磁鐵50的磁通相互作用。這些相互作用均發生於相同平面上，且從而每一磁鐵僅與每一線圈126之其中一側進行交互作用。因它使三個磁鐵能同時與該些線圈相互作用，且產生磁通以有助於該作動力及/或發電，故成為優勢。
當內部轉子磁鐵組件70位於CCA 110之圓 形佈設內時，磁鐵76之設置可與芯部線圈組件110之向內表面平行且相鄰，並可藉由空氣間隙於此分開。當外部轉子磁鐵組件40繞設CCA 110之圓形佈設時，磁鐵46之設置平行於疊件122之向外表面，並可藉由空氣間隙於此分開。更明確地，當外部轉子磁鐵組件40繞設CCA 110之圓形佈設時，磁鐵50之設置平行於疊件124之向外表面(於軸線方向上)，並可藉由空氣間隙於此分開。第5圖繪示該些磁鐵相對該線圈芯部120的位置。更清楚地，該些磁鐵46、50、76係位於靠近該些CCA 110之三側，一流過線圈126之電流將產生位於相對軸線5旋轉之轉子的旋轉方向上之作用力。
第13圖顯示一電性互連，其可由12個磁 極、3個相位與兩組FM 10之並排星形連接態樣所製成。 於第13圖中，該外環區塊顯示該三相位之磁極的連接方法，且該內側區塊顯示該Y型排列，其表示磁極相連成一種串/並聯之互連佈設。FM 10可構成更多或更少磁極數、及其它電性配置。
本標的之裝置與接線配置之具體實施方式已描述於本文。然而，可理解的，本領域技術人員可藉此做出修改，而不脫離本揭露的精神和理解下。因此，其它實施例及方法都在以下申請專利範圍之主張之內。
5‧‧‧共同軸線
10‧‧‧磁通量機器
30‧‧‧罩件
40‧‧‧外部轉子磁鐵組件
60‧‧‧風扇
70‧‧‧內部轉子磁鐵組件
100‧‧‧定子組件
150‧‧‧轉子輪轂
160‧‧‧飛輪
170‧‧‧飛輪殼體

Claims (19)

  1. 一種磁通量機器，係包括：一轉子，係具有複數電性芯部線圈組件，其各具有側表面；一定子，具有複數磁鐵組，其中，每一該磁鐵組之磁鐵之類磁極面之位置係與每一該導磁性芯部線圈組件之側表面相鄰並間隔；以及其中，於每一該磁鐵組中：一對該磁鐵之相互面對之類磁極面係面對一芯部線圈組件；一第三個該磁鐵之設置係用以相對於該對磁鐵的磁通量而橫向引導磁通量。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之磁通量機器，其中，該電性芯部線圈組件包括具有層疊結構的導磁性芯部，該層疊結構具有與該相互面對之磁極面垂直定向的第一疊層、以及與該第三磁鐵之磁極面垂直定向的第二疊層。
  3. 一種磁通量機器，係包括：一定子，係具有電性芯部線圈組件，且每一芯部線圈組件具有側表面；一轉子，係具有複數磁鐵，其中，三個該磁鐵之類磁極面之設置係與每一該芯部線圈組件之側表面相鄰並間隔；以及其中： 一對該磁鐵之磁極面係相互面對；第三個該磁鐵之一磁極面係相對於該相向之磁極面而面朝橫向。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之磁通量機器，其中，每一該芯部線圈組件復包括導磁性芯部，導磁性芯部由疊層結構所構成，該疊層結構具有與該相向之磁極面垂直定向的第一疊層、以及與該第三磁鐵之磁極面垂直定向的第二疊層。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之磁通量機器，其中，該芯部線圈組件係組成一圓形排列而設於該定子之隔片上，且該線圈之電線係經過相鄰隔片之間。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之磁通量機器，其中，該具有相互面對之磁極之一對磁鐵係沿相對於旋轉軸線的徑向方向彼此面對。
  7. 一種磁通量機器，係包括部件與組件：一外部轉子磁鐵組件；一內部轉子磁鐵組件；一定子組件，該外部轉子磁鐵組件、內部轉子磁鐵組件、及定子組件均排列於一個共同旋轉中心之軸向上；以及複數芯部線圈組件，各具有一線圈，且其中，該芯部線圈組件係對應該定子組件定向，以使該線圈之電流主要流動在相對該磁通量機器的旋轉方向為橫向之一平面上。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之磁通量機器，其中，該外部與內部轉子磁鐵組件係設置永久磁鐵，其與每一該芯部線圈組件之三個不同側相鄰。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之磁通量機器，其中，該永久磁鐵設於該外部轉子磁鐵組件之內表面與端面、及該內部轉子磁鐵組件之外表面，且該些磁鐵係圓形排列。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之磁通量機器，其中，每一芯部線圈組件之結構係能用以引導磁通量從位於平行該芯部線圈組件之線圈之平面之一路徑到位於該線圈之平面之中間處或垂直處之一較遠路徑。
  11. 一種磁通量機器，係包括部件和組件：一外部定子磁鐵組件；一內部定子磁鐵組件；一轉子組件，該外部定子磁鐵組件、內部定子磁鐵組件、及轉子組件均排列於一個共同旋轉中心之軸向上；以及複數芯部線圈組件，各具有一線圈，且其中，該芯部線圈組件之設置使每一線圈之電流主要流動在相對該轉子組件的旋轉方向為橫向之一平面上。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之磁通量機器，其中，該轉子組件具有間隔之徑向隔片，其支撐該芯部線圈組件以呈一圓形排列。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之磁通量機器，其中，每 一該芯部線圈組件包含一具有兩相互正交鄰接之矽鋼層疊之疊件的芯部。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之磁通量機器，其中，每一該芯部線圈組件包含一含有可壓縮、可塑形、高導磁性粉末之芯部。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之磁通量機器，其中，每一該芯部線圈組件包含一線圈，其由絕緣的電性導線纏繞成一矩形、圓形、正方形及三角形之其中一者所構成，該線圈配合該芯部之通道。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之磁通量機器，其中，每一該線圈復藉由U形絕緣套與貼蓋式角套，以與該芯部絕緣。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之磁通量機器，其中，該內部定子磁鐵組件的該些磁鐵與該外部定子磁鐵組件的該些磁鐵係定位於靠近該些芯部線圈組件的線圈。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第17項所述之磁通量機器，其中，每一內部定子磁鐵組件之結構係能能用以引導磁通量從位於平行該芯部線圈組件之線圈之平面之一路徑到位於該線圈之平面之中間處或垂直處之一較遠路徑。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之磁通量機器，其中，其電性導線互連，係由一複數極點、複數相位、並排之星形陣列所排置。
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