CN106233579B - 磁通电机 - Google Patents

磁通电机 Download PDF

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CN106233579B
CN106233579B CN201480077440.5A CN201480077440A CN106233579B CN 106233579 B CN106233579 B CN 106233579B CN 201480077440 A CN201480077440 A CN 201480077440A CN 106233579 B CN106233579 B CN 106233579B
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magnet
battery core
electric machine
coil
multiple battery
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CN106233579A (zh
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K·克朗茨
H·李
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Clearwater Holdings Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/10—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/40—Printed batteries, e.g. thin film batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H02K1/2787—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/2789—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2791—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2793—Rotors axially facing stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2793—Rotors axially facing stators
    • H02K1/2795—Rotors axially facing stators the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/0094—Structural association with other electrical or electronic devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/26—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with rotating armatures and stationary magnets
    • H02K21/28—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with rotating armatures and stationary magnets with armatures rotating within the magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/12—Transversal flux machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

一种包括定子和转子的磁通电机。一组具有侧表面的电线圈组件和多组永磁体的被圆形地设置。磁体的极面定位邻近于线圈组件的可穿透芯的侧表面并自线圈组件的可穿透芯的侧表面间隔开。在每个线圈组件中一对磁体的同极面隔着可穿透芯相互面向且第三磁体极面相对于一对磁体的相互面向的极面横向地朝向。

Description

磁通电机
相关申请
在全部中或部分中，本申请描述了与在共同未决的在2014年1月23日提交的实用新型申请14/162,611以及在2013年1月24日提交的临时申请61/756,404中提出的同样的设备和方法，并作为PCT申请要求以上两个申请的国际日期优先权。这两个申请的技术方案全文结合在此引作参考。
背景技术
本发明的工业领域涉及电动机和发电机以及电动机和发电机的构造和操作的方法。特别地，本发明涉及可以作为电动机或发电机操作的磁通电机(FM)。电动机和发电机中的效率对商业可行性非常重要。因此产生磁通和电动势的磁体和线圈的布置结构对电动机和发电机的操作效率具有很大的影响。随着包括汽车的更多的基本产品正转向电力供应，存在对具有更高效率的电动机和发电机的显著的需要。
附图说明
图1是本文描述、说明、并要求保护的磁通电机的示例近端透视图；
图2是磁通电机的示例远端透视图；
图3是根据图1的示例近端透视展开图；
图4是根据图2的示例远端透视展开图；
图5是在图1中A-A处所取的示例垂直截面图且穿过中心旋转轴线；
图6是磁通电机的外转子磁体组件的示例远端透视图；
图7是磁通电机的内转子磁体组件的示例近端透视图；
图8是图7的展开图；
图9是磁通电机的径向风扇的示例近端透视图；
图10是磁通电机的定子组件的示例近端透视图，仅具有示出的少数代表芯和线圈元件；
图11是磁通电机的一个芯和线圈组件的示例透视展开图；
图12是磁通电机的芯线圈组件的完整的补足部的示例透视远端图，示出了线圈导线布线至环绕的导线线束；和
图13是根据本发明的12极、2并行星形连接图的示例电接线图。
在附图中相同的附图标记指代相同的元件。
具体实施方式
可用作为电动机或发电机的磁通电机(FM 10)已经开发出来，在实验室试验中显著提高了效率。本文公开的这个新的设计依赖于磁体和线圈的新颖布置结构，该布置结构产生高质量磁通且因此在操作方面更高效。本文描述的设备是在本领域中大体上被称为“磁通电机”(FM 10)那种类型的电动机发电机。在一些实施例中，磁通电机作为纵向磁通电机操作。在其它实施例中，电机作为横向磁通电机(TFM)操作。在又一些其它实施例中磁通电机可以是混合的纵向和横向磁通电机。例如，在近几年中横向磁通电机已经发现在广泛范围的应用中得到青睐。而在标准电动机中，电磁力向量(矢量)平行于电动机磁通量线，在TFM中电磁力向量垂直于磁通量线。TFM设计允许增加磁极数而不降低每磁极的磁通势，并因此能够产生比常规电机更高的功率密度。具有更多磁极数和短的电流通路的TFM是有吸引力的，这是因为高转矩/重量比、高功率/重量比和低铜损失是可实现的。
线圈和磁体的布置结构已经开发出来，允许磁通分别地导向朝向线圈或线圈组件的三个不同的侧面。例如可以有具有磁极面向向内或向外被定向的两个磁体以在线圈的相对侧上沿径向方向导向磁通，和可以有具有面向轴向的磁极的第三磁体以在线圈的第三侧上沿轴向方向导向磁通。此外，线圈可被定向使得绕组和电流是在垂直于沿建立的运动的圆周方向指向的矢量的平面中。该布置结构允许三个磁体各自邻近于线圈的不同的侧面，但由于线圈框架是在垂直于运动平面的平面中，每个磁体仅与线圈的一个侧面相互作用。这允许三个磁体同时与线圈相互作用，提供优良的磁通诱导布置结构。
图1和2示出了FM 10的一个实施例，FM 10可以是大致圆形的形状且在轴向相对短。在其它实施例中，FM10也可以是在轴向相对较长、直线的或具有其它合适的构造。针对FM 10的电连接装置可以在顶部所示的连接箱20内设置，且与FM 10的机械接合可以远端地制成。在本说明书中“远端”视图或元件是从电机的后面看到的(图4)且“近端”视图或元件是从电机的前面看到的(图3)。替代的机械和电接口可以使用。
图3示出根据一个实施例的FM 10的多个部件和子组件，示出了这些项目在电机操作期间所占用的相对各自的位置中。在图3中从左往右移动示出的是：护罩30、外转子磁体组件40、风扇60、内转子磁体组件70、定子组件100、转子轮毂150、飞轮160和飞轮壳体170。飞轮160不是FM 10的一部分，但被示出和描述以使作为一种方式能够理解，FM 10可以为了以下目的被机械地接合，即作为电动发电机被驱动或作为电动机产生有用的旋转输出功。在图3中也示出了常见的硬件螺钉，所述螺钉可用于将多个部件和子组件固定在一起作为完成的和组装的电机。任何其它合适的附接装置也可以代替螺钉被使用以将多个部件和子组件固定在一起。FM 10的所有上述确定的配件在共用轴线5上(也是转子的旋转中心)轴向对准，配件是：元件40、60、70和150。图4是相同的元件的远端视图。
图5以垂直横截面的方式示出FM 10的实施例，图解了以下连接方式的实施例，即转子轮毂150被连接至飞轮160，内转子磁体组件70被连接至转子轮毂150，风扇60连接至内转子磁体组件70；外转子磁体组件40连接至内转子磁体组件70；定子组件100连接至飞轮壳体170、和护罩30连接至定子组件100。图5还示出了永磁体46、50、和76以及芯线圈组件120的定位。可替代的实施例和结构可以实施，包括本文描述的各种组件的选择和连接性。例如，在一些实施例中，转子和定子可以互换，随着相应的电和机械连接性调整。
现在参照图6，示出了在一些实施例中外转子磁体组件40可具有筒壁42和端壁44。此外，外转子磁体组件可以由环、筒或其它合适的连接的部件的任何其它合适的构型组成。安装在筒壁42上可以是OD径向磁体46且安装在端壁44上可以是轴向磁体50。OD径向磁体46可以被安装在筒壁42的内表面上、外表面上、筒壁42上的槽或空间中、或者任何其它适当的安装件上。轴向磁体可安装在端壁44的向内面向表面48上、向外面向表面上、端壁44中的槽或空间中、或者任何其它适当的安装件上。每一组磁体46和50可被圆形地布置或者在其它实施例中直线地布置。磁体46和50可具有平坦的磁极面，平坦的磁极面产生垂直于磁极面的磁通线使得磁体46产生径向磁通且磁体50产生轴向磁通。磁体46和50通过诸如环氧类或其它类的粘合剂被固定至磁体各自的表面或任何其它合适的部分，并且可以通过如所示的诸如拧入的螺钉的常见的硬件安置于外壁44中或其它合适的方法或器件被额外地固定。
现在参看图7和8，示出了内转子磁体组件70可以是具有筒外壁72和在外壁72的远端处的环形内凸缘74的筒。在其它实施例中，内/转子/定子可以是材料、环、壁、凸缘、或连接片的任何适合的布置结构的构造。以圆形的布置结构安装在外壁72的外表面可以是ID径向磁体76。磁体76也可以以间隔安装或与本领域中已知的杆或其它合适的装置连接。磁体76可以是弧形的以与安置磁体的外壁72的弯曲表面一致，并且磁极表面可向外面向以产生径向导向的磁通量。磁体76也可以是平的或任何其它合适的形状。磁体76可以通过诸如环氧类或其它类的粘合剂被固定至壁72或内转子/定子组件70的另一个合适的部分，并且可以由诸如螺钉的常见的硬件拧入壁72中或其它部分中被额外地固定。如图7和8中示出的外部非铁的圆罩80可安在磁体76上用于磁体的改进的固定。
磁体46、50、和76可以是永磁体或电磁体或两者的组合。在其它实施例中，外和内转子磁体组件70和外转子磁体组件40可以组合成一个单一的转子组件，或外转子磁体组件的端壁44可附接至内转子磁体组件70。此外，对电和机械连接性适当调整，定子可以是转子且转子可以是定子。
在其它实施例中，内转子磁体组件70或外转子磁体组件40可包括两个端壁44和一个筒壁42，其中两个相互面向的磁体50具有轴向导向的磁通地各自连接至端壁44中的一个，径向磁体76具有径向导向的磁通地连接至筒壁42。在该实施例中，定子线圈将在转子内部，而轴向-径向-轴向磁通导向至线圈的三个不同的侧面。在本实施例中，线圈可以被定向使得电流在垂直于在运动的方向圆周地导向的矢量的平面中流动。
在图9中示出的风扇60可由圆形的平板62制成，在圆形的平板上通过焊接或其它方式可安装径向叶片64。在FM 10的操作期间，风扇60可绕轴线5旋转以抽取空气轴向通过滤网31(图1)到达电机中，由此空气通过叶片64径向地重导向用于冷却线圈126和芯122和124。空气通过在护罩30中的槽34排出(图1)。如应当理解，以内转子磁体组件的轴向凸缘78与在板62中的外槽66接合的方式，风扇60与内转子磁体组件70接合。
在一个实施例中可用作为FM 10的转子的定子组件100可以具有图10中示出的金属结构框架，如示出的，所述金属结构框架包括一个框架盘102，框架盘采用相互间隔开的径向隔板104的圆形阵列，隔板安装在盘102的近端表面106上。在图10中多个线圈126被示出在多个线圈各自的操作位置中，且通过环绕隔板104的圆形线束127电互连。线束127中的导线终止在邻近于电箱凸缘125的三个引线导管129处，电箱凸缘集成或附接至盘102。在一些实施例中，在邻近隔板104之间的通道可用于布线如在“A”处示出的线圈126的电导线。在图10中还示出有三个芯120。芯120可以是可穿透的芯、复合材料、层压片、或层压片和复合材料的组合、或其它合适的芯结构。
在图12中示出的芯线圈组件CCA110或线圈组件的完整的补充部被安装为定子组件100的部分，每个CCA110安装至隔板104中的一个上(图10)。通常的CCA110在图11中展开示出，图解了由两个对接的硅钢层压片堆叠组成的芯120，所述两个对接的硅钢层压片堆叠为当安装在定子组件100上时层压片径向对准的较大的堆叠122以及当如此安装时层压片轴向对准的较小的堆叠124。如示出的，堆叠122、124使用常见的硬件或以其它方式连接在一起，并使用常见的硬件132用于螺栓连接CCA110至框架盘102，或者可以通过任何其它合适的包括焊接的方式连接。其它合适的线圈芯组件110可包括其它合适的组件，包括单一的芯组件。例如，芯120可由包括铜、或其它合适的材料的任何导电材料制成。在其它实施例中，芯线圈组件110可以是椭圆形或圆形或其它合适的形状。
堆叠对准可以自堆叠各自邻近的磁体46、50、和76沿磁通量的方向定向。芯120可替代地由压缩的羰基铁粉或其它的单个成形块制成。线圈126可以由平的或圆的、或其它形状的铜、或其它材料的导线制成，所述导线以矩形、椭圆形或圆形的形状被卷绕以如图11中“B”处所示装在芯120中的容纳通道内。在一些实施例中，线圈126的平的导线被绝缘包覆且线圈126的多个管脚进一步通过U形形状的绝缘套128和胶带覆盖的角部130与芯120绝缘。如在图11中可看到的。在一些实施例中堆叠122和124中的磁通量将与在线圈126的绕组中流动的电流成直角定向，因此沿作为转子的旋转方向的第三正交方向产生力。图12是图示了CCA110的完整的补足部的远端图，示出了延伸至线束127和硬件132的芯导线，所述硬件穿透隔板104和框架盘102(参照图10)用于固定所有的CCA110作为定子组件100的一部分。
如图10所示，芯线圈组件110或线圈组件110可以被定向使得线圈126以矩形形状被缠绕并相对于转子或定子定向使得电流在这样一个平面中流动，所述平面垂直于在运动或旋转的圆周方向中定向的矢量。在图10中图解的实施例中，线圈具有三个侧面暴露用于与磁通量相互作用，包括两个侧面暴露用于与径向磁体76和46的磁通相互作用和一个侧面暴露用于与轴向磁体50的磁通相互作用。这些相互作用都发生在同一平面中，并且相应地每个磁体只与每个线圈126的一个侧面相互作用。这是有利的，这是因为允许三个磁体同时与线圈相互作用，并产生有助于动力和/或发电的磁通。
当内转子磁体组件70定位于CCA110的圆形布置结构内，磁体76可平行于且邻近于芯线圈组件110的向内面向表面定位，并且可以自芯线圈组件通过气隙间隔开。当外转子磁体组件40定位于围绕CCA110的圆形布置结构的外侧，磁体46可与堆叠122的向外面向表面平行定位，并且可以自堆叠通过气隙间隔开。进一步清楚的是，当外转子磁体组件40围绕CCA110的圆形布置结构定位时，磁体50可与堆叠124的向外面向表面(沿轴向方向)平行定位，并且可以自堆叠通过气隙间隔开。图5示出磁体相对于线圈芯120的定位。很显然由于磁体组46、50和76定位于靠近CCA 110组的三个侧面，在线圈126中流动的电流将沿转子围绕轴线5旋转的方向产生力。
图13示出了电互连，可以在FM 10的12极、3相、2并联星形连接的版本中实现。在图13中，外部的环形图示出了三相的磁极的接线的方法，和内部图示出了Y形布置结构指示了哪个磁极以串并联互连布置结构互连。FM 10可被构造成具有更多或更少数量的磁极和具有其它电布置结构。
本文已经描述了主题设备和接线设备的实施例。然而，将被理解的是，通过本领域的技术人员的改型可以在不脱离本发明的精神和理解下作出。因此，其它实施例和方法在以下权利要求的范围内。

Claims (19)

1.一种磁通电机，其包括：
转子，所述转子具有多个电芯线圈组件，所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个包括芯和对应的线圈，所述对应的线圈中的每一个具有侧表面，每个芯限定至少一个通道并且被至少部分地放置在其对应的线圈内，使得每个对应的线圈被至少部分地放置在由其芯限定的至少一个通道内；和
定子，所述定子具有多个磁体组，所述多个磁体组中的每个包括第一磁体、第二磁体和第三磁体，其中，所述多个磁体组中的所述第一磁体、所述第二磁体和所述第三磁体被定位邻近于所述多个电芯线圈组件中的一个的侧表面并与所述侧表面间隔开，使得所述第一磁体、所述第二磁体和所述第三磁体的具有相同极性的极面面朝所述多个电芯线圈组件中的一个，所述第一磁体和所述第二磁体的具有相同极性的极面彼此面对，所述第三磁体的具有相同极性的极面以垂直于所述第二磁体和所述第三磁体的具有相同极性的极面的方式面对。
2.如权利要求1所述的磁通电机，其中，所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个的线圈包括层压片结构，所述层压片结构具有垂直于所述第一磁体和所述第二磁体的相互面向的极面定向的第一层压片堆叠和垂直于所述第三磁体的极面定向的第二层压片堆叠。
3.一种磁通电机，其包括：
定子，所述定子具有多个电芯线圈组件，所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个包括芯和对应的线圈，所述对应的线圈中的每一个具有侧表面，每个芯限定至少一个通道并且被至少部分地放置在其对应的线圈内，使得每个对应的线圈被至少部分地放置在由其芯限定的至少一个通道内；和
转子，所述转子具有多个磁体组，所述多个磁体组中的每一个包括第一磁体、第二磁体和第三磁体，所述多个磁体组中的每一个的所述第一磁体、所述第二磁体和所述第三磁体被定位邻近于所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个的侧表面，并与所述侧表面间隔开，使得所述第一磁体、所述第二磁体和所述第三磁体的具有相同极性的极面面朝所述多个电芯线圈组件中的一个，所述第一磁体和所述第二磁体的具有相同极性的极面彼此面对，所述第三磁体的具有相同极性的极面以垂直于所述第二磁体和所述第三磁体的具有相同极性的极面的方式面对。
4.如权利要求3所述的磁通电机，其中，所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个的芯包括层压片结构，所述层压片结构具有垂直于所述第一磁体和所述第二磁体的相互面向的极面定向的第一层压片堆叠和垂直于所述第三磁体的极面定向的第二层压片堆叠。
5.如权利要求4所述的磁通电机，其中，所述电芯线圈组件在定子的隔板上以圆形阵列布置，所述线圈的电导线在邻近的隔板之间布线。
6.如权利要求3所述的磁通电机，其中，所述第一磁体和所述第二磁体的相互面向的极相对于旋转轴线沿着径向彼此面向。
7.一种磁通电机，其包括：
外转子磁体组件；
内转子磁体组件；
定子组件，所述外转子磁体组件、内转子磁体组件和定子组件全都在共同的旋转中心上轴向地对准；和
多个电芯线圈组件，所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个包括芯和对应的线圈，所述对应的线圈中的每一个具有侧表面，每个芯限定至少一个通道并且被至少部分地放置在其对应的线圈内，使得每个对应的线圈被至少部分地放置在由其芯限定的至少一个通道内，并且其中，所述电芯线圈组件相对于所述定子组件定向，使得在所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个的线圈内的电流在横向于所述磁通电机的旋转的方向的平面中流动。
8.如权利要求7所述的磁通电机，其中，所述外转子磁体组件和所述内转子磁体组件支承邻近于所述电芯线圈组件的侧面中的三个侧面的永磁体。
9.根据权利要求8所述的磁通电机，其中，所述外转子磁体组件包括筒壁和端壁，并且所述永磁体被安装在所述外转子磁体组件的筒壁的内表面、所述外转子磁体组件的端壁的内向表面和所述内转子磁体组件的外侧表面和上，所述永磁体被圆形地布置。
10.根据权利要求7所述的磁通电机，其中，所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个被结构化且使其能够将磁通量从平行于所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个的平面定位的路径引导至另一个路径，所述另一个路径居中位于所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个的平面内且垂直于所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个的平面。
11.如权利要求7所述的磁通电机，其中，所述磁通电机的电导线互连装置以12极、3相、2并联星形布置结构被布置。
12.如权利要求7所述的磁通电机，其中，所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个的芯包括两个对接的相互正交的硅钢层压片堆叠。
13.如权利要求7所述的磁通电机，其中，所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个的芯包括压缩的、可模压的、高导磁率粉。
14.如权利要求7所述的磁通电机，其中，所述线圈中的每一个通过U形形状的绝缘套和胶带覆盖的角部与所述芯进一步绝缘。
15.如权利要求7所述的磁通电机，其中，多个磁体组被安装于所述内转子磁体组件和所述外转子磁体组件并且被定位于靠近所述多个电芯线圈组件的线圈。
16.如权利要求15所述的磁通电机，其中，所述电芯线圈组件中的每一个被结构化且使其能够用于将磁通量从平行于所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个的平面定位的路径引导至另一个路径，所述另一个路径居中位于所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个的平面内且垂直于所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个的平面。
17.一种磁通电机，其包括：
外定子磁体组件；
内定子磁体组件；
转子组件，所述外定子磁体组件、内定子磁体组件和转子组件全都在共同的旋转上轴向地对准；和
多个电芯线圈组件，所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个包括芯和对应的线圈，所述对应的线圈中的每一个具有侧表面，每个芯限定至少一个通道并且被至少部分地放置在其对应的线圈内，使得每个对应的线圈被至少部分地放置在由其芯限定的至少一个通道内，并且其中，所述电芯线圈组件被相对于所述转子组件定向，使得在所述多个电芯线圈组件中的每一个的线圈内的电流在横向于所述转子组件的旋转的方向的平面中流动。
18.如权利要求17所述的磁通电机，其中，所述转子组件具有间隔开的径向隔板，所述径向隔板以圆形布置结构支承所述多个电芯线圈组件。
19.如权利要求17所述的磁通电机，其中，所述磁通电机的电导线互连装置以多极、多相、并联星形布置结构被布置。
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