TW201435074A - 水系冷卻劑 - Google Patents

水系冷卻劑 Download PDF

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TW201435074A
TW201435074A TW102146935A TW102146935A TW201435074A TW 201435074 A TW201435074 A TW 201435074A TW 102146935 A TW102146935 A TW 102146935A TW 102146935 A TW102146935 A TW 102146935A TW 201435074 A TW201435074 A TW 201435074A
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coolant
mass
water
salt
compound
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TWI623613B (zh
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Mayu Hasegawa
Masahisa Goto
Katsumi Ichitani
Kenro Noguchi
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Idemitsu Kosan Co
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Abstract

水系冷卻劑係摻合下述物質而成：選自於碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、倍半碳酸鹽、磷酸鹽、硼酸鹽、鉬酸鹽、及鎢酸鹽之1種以上的無機酸鹽；以及金屬防腐蝕劑。本發明的水系冷卻劑係具有高冷卻性能，且冷卻對象的金屬材料不易發生腐蝕。所以，本發明的水系冷卻劑頗適用為熱處理油或切削油。

Description

水系冷卻劑 發明領域
本發明係關於水系冷卻劑，詳言之，係關於金屬零件淬火等所使用的水系冷卻劑。
發明背景
金屬零件淬火時所使用的冷卻劑(熱處理液)大致區分為油系及水系(水溶液)，廣泛使用油系熱處理液。理由係油系熱處理液具有適度的冷卻性能，且淬火應變小、亦不會有發生淬火龜裂的擔憂。
另一方面，特別係以大金屬零件、或淬火性較差之金屬零件的情況而言，因為油系熱處理液的冷卻速度慢、冷卻性能不足，因而使用水系熱處理液。但是，因為水系熱處理液的冷卻性能高於油系熱處理液，因而容易發生冷卻斑，有出現淬火龜裂之虞。
就提高耐冷卻斑性能的技術，自以前起便已知有利用食鹽水進行的淬火。因為食鹽水並沒有蒸氣膜階段，因而具有高冷卻性能但耐冷卻斑性能高、淬火龜裂少(參照非文獻1：大和久重雄、「思考淬火龜裂」、熱處理、昭和42年6月、第7卷、第3號、p.140~144)。但是，若將食鹽水使 用為熱處理液，則在熱處理後1小時以內這種極短時間內便會發生銹蝕，且對油槽等設備的腐蝕亦明顯，因而工業上幾乎無法使用。
在此有提案利用含有：甲酸、醋酸等有機酸、或鹽酸、硫酸等無機酸、或該等的鹽之水系熱處理液，俾提升冷卻速度(參照文獻1：日本專利特開昭64-42521號公報、文獻2：日本專利特開平1-259119號公報)。
然而，即便文獻1、2的水系熱處理液亦會有冷卻對象的金屬材料發生腐蝕之可能性。
發明概要
本發明目的在於提供：具有高冷卻性能、但冷卻對象的金屬材料不易發生腐蝕之水系冷卻劑。
為解決前述課題，本發明係提供如下述水系冷卻劑。
(1)一種水系冷卻劑，係摻合下述物質而成：選自於碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、倍半碳酸鹽、磷酸鹽、硼酸鹽、鉬酸鹽、及鎢酸鹽之1種以上的無機酸鹽；以及金屬防腐蝕劑而構成。
(2)如上述水系冷卻劑，其中前述金屬防腐蝕劑係選自於苯并三唑系化合物、苯并咪唑系化合物、苯并噻唑系化合物、及苯并噻二唑系化合物之1種以上的化合物。
(3)如上述水系冷卻劑，其更進一步摻合殺菌劑而成。
(4)如上述水系冷卻劑，其中依該冷卻劑全量基準計，前述殺菌劑的摻合量係0.001質量%以上且0.5質量%以下。
(5)如上述水系冷卻劑，其中依該冷卻劑全量基準計，前述無機酸鹽的摻合量係1質量%以上且20質量%以下。
(6)如上述水系冷卻劑，其中依該冷卻劑全量基準計，前述金屬防腐蝕劑的摻合量係0.01質量%以上且1質量%以下。
(7)如上述水系冷卻劑，其中前述無機酸鹽係無機酸的金屬鹽。
(8)如上述水系冷卻劑，其中前述無機酸鹽係鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鈣鹽、及鎂鹽之至少任一者。
(9)如上述水系冷卻劑中，其中前述磷酸鹽係正磷酸鹽、磷酸氫鹽、磷酸二氫鹽、多磷酸鹽、及偏磷酸鹽之至少任一者。
(10)如上述水系冷卻劑，其係淬火油或切削油。
根據本發明，可提供具有極高冷卻性能，且冷卻對象的金屬材料不易發生腐蝕之水系冷卻劑。
發明實施形態
本發明的水系冷卻劑(以下有簡稱「本冷卻劑」 的情況)，係摻合預定無機酸鹽與金屬防腐蝕劑而成的水溶液。以下，詳細說明。
本冷卻劑所使用的無機酸鹽係可舉例如：碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、倍半碳酸鹽、磷酸鹽、硫酸鹽、硼酸鹽、鉬酸鹽、及鎢酸鹽。該等係可單獨使用、亦可混合使用。
上述無機酸鹽之中，就冷卻效果的觀點，較佳係碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、倍半碳酸鹽、及磷酸鹽。又，就pH調製的觀點，更佳係碳酸鹽與碳酸氫鹽混合使用。
磷酸鹽係可為正磷酸鹽、磷酸氫鹽、磷酸二氫鹽、多磷酸鹽、及偏磷酸鹽中之任一者。多磷酸鹽係可舉例如二磷酸鹽(焦磷酸鹽)或三多磷酸鹽等。該等之中，就冷卻效果的觀點，較佳係焦磷酸鹽。該等各磷酸鹽係可單獨使用、亦可混合使用。又，該等亦可與前述無機鹽混合使用。
此種無機酸鹽較佳的金屬鹽具體係可舉例如：鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鈣鹽、及鎂鹽等。該等之中，就冷卻性的觀點，較佳係鈉鹽、鉀鹽。
再者，本冷卻劑的pH就防腐敗的觀點，較佳係達7以上。
本冷卻劑中無機酸鹽之較佳摻合量，依本冷卻劑全量基準計係1質量%以上且20質量%以下、更佳的摻合量係3質量%以上且15質量%。若無機酸鹽的摻合量未滿1質量%，便會有冷卻效果嫌不足的可能性。另一方面，即便無機酸鹽的摻合量超過20質量%，仍無法期待更進一步提升 冷卻效果。
本冷卻劑中有摻合金屬防腐蝕劑。金屬防腐蝕劑較佳係苯并三唑系化合物、苯并咪唑系化合物、苯并噻唑系化合物、及苯并噻二唑系化合物等。該等係可單獨使用、亦可混合使用。
此處所謂「苯并三唑系化合物」係指苯并三唑自身或其衍生物。相關苯并咪唑系化合物、苯并噻唑系化合物、及苯并噻二唑系化合物亦同。
例如苯并三唑系化合物係可舉例如：苯環上有烷基取代的烷基苯并三唑、以及胺基氫被烷基取代的(烷基)胺烷基苯并三唑等。
此種金屬防腐蝕劑的摻合量，依本冷卻劑全量基準計，較佳係0.01質量%以上且1質量%以下、更佳係0.1質量%以上且0.7質量%以下。若金屬防腐蝕劑的摻合量未滿0.01質量%，會有金屬防腐蝕效果嫌不足的可能性。另一方面，即便金屬防腐蝕劑的摻合量超過1質量%，仍無法期待更進一步提升金屬防腐蝕效果。
本冷卻劑中視需要亦可更進一步摻合殺菌劑。殺菌劑係可舉例如：苯并異噻唑啉系化合物、異噻唑啉系化合物、三系化合物、及吡硫鎓系化合物等。所謂「苯并異噻唑啉系化合物」係指苯并異噻唑啉自身或其衍生物。其他的化合物亦同。
具體而言，苯并異噻唑啉系化合物係可舉例如：苯并異噻唑啉、1,2-苯并異噻唑啉-3-酮或2-甲基異噻唑啉 -3-酮、及5-氯-2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮等。三系化合物係可舉例如六氫-1,3,5-三-(2-羥乙基)三等。吡硫鎓系化合物係可舉例如吡硫鎓鈉等。
此種殺菌劑的摻合量，依本冷卻劑全量基準計，較佳係0.001質量%以上且0.5質量%以下、更佳係0.01質量%以上且0.4質量%以下。若殺菌劑的摻合量未滿0.001質量%，便會有殺菌效果嫌不足的可能性。另一方面，即便殺菌劑的摻合量超過0.5質量%，仍無法期待更進一步提升殺菌效果。
本冷卻劑中，視需要亦可更進一步摻合水溶性防銹劑。水溶性防銹劑的摻合量，就防銹性能提升及經濟性均衡等層面觀之，依本冷卻劑全量基準計，較佳係0.01質量%以上且5質量%以下、更佳係0.03質量%以上且1質量%以下。此種水溶性防銹劑係可舉例如：辛酸鹽等脂肪族單羧酸鹽；辛二酸(suberic acid)鹽、癸二酸(sebacic acid)鹽等脂肪族二羧酸鹽，較佳係使用例如癸二酸鉀等。另外，水溶性防銹劑亦可為芳香族羧酸鹽。又，水溶性防銹劑亦頗適於使用單羥單乙基哌等哌衍生物等等。
本冷卻劑中亦可更進一步摻合通用的添加劑，例如：抗氧化劑、及清潔分散劑等。
本發明的水系冷卻劑因為幾乎沒有蒸氣膜階段，因而具備有高冷卻性能。又，因為冷卻對象的金屬材料不易發生腐蝕，因而頗適用為金屬材料的淬火油與切削油。
實施例
其次，利用實施例、比較例針對本發明進行更詳細說明，惟本發明並不因該等例子而受任何限制。
[實施例1~16、比較例1~5]
(試料液之製備)
在離子交換水中摻合以下添加劑而形成試料液。另外，表1中亦合併記載各試料液的pH。參考例係完全沒有摻合添加劑，僅使用離子交換水而已。
無機酸鹽等(參照表1)：依試料液基準計10質量%
金屬防腐蝕劑(苯并三唑)：依試料液基準計0.5質量%
殺菌劑：
實施例1~3、9~16、比較例1~5：苯并異噻唑啉(有效成分量7質量%)依試料液基準計0.05質量%(試料液中濃度：0.0035質量%)
實施例4：苯并異噻唑啉依試料液基準計0.15質量%(試料液中濃度0.0108質量%)
實施例5：六氫-1,3,5-三-(2-羥乙基)三依試料液基準計0.1質量%(試料液中濃度0.080質量%)
實施例6：5-氯-2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮依試料液基準計0.3質量%(試料液中濃度0.0060質量%)
實施例7：5-氯-2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮依試料液基準計0.05質量%(試料液中濃度0.0010質量%)
實施例8：吡硫鎓鈉依試料液基準計0.05質量%(試料液中濃度0.020質量%)
另外，實施例15及16係對實施例13分別更進一步添加碳酸氫鈉1.0質量%、3.0質量%，而參考例則完全沒有摻合添加劑，僅使用離子交換水而已。
(冷卻試驗)
將各試料液保持於50℃，根據JIS K2242B法施行冷卻試驗，並測定特性秒數。具體而言，測定冷卻曲線中截至到達蒸氣膜階段結束的溫度(特性溫度)為止之時間(秒數)。結果如表1所示。
(金屬腐蝕試驗)
使用金屬材料(S45C)，在30℃下施行3日的半浸漬試驗，依以下基準評價腐蝕程度。結果如表1所示。
A：無出現銹蝕及變色
B：有出現銹蝕及變色中之任一情況
(腐敗試驗)
對試料液100mL投入細菌5.5mL(大腸菌及枯草菌等的細菌數：108)，在30℃下施行一週的靜置培養，計數細菌數。結果如表1所示。
[表1]
[評價結果]
由表1的結果得知，因為本發明的水系冷卻液係預定無機酸鹽的水溶液，因而均屬於特性秒數非常短、冷卻性能極高。且，因為摻合有金屬防腐蝕劑，因而對金屬 材料不易發生腐蝕。所以，可理解極有效於金屬材料的淬火與切削。
再者，本發明的水系冷卻劑均屬於利用殺菌劑進行的殺菌效果優異，但比較例的水系冷卻劑則即便使用相同的殺菌劑，仍會有無法發揮效果的情況。
一般而言，水若液溫達30℃以上，冷卻性便會急遽降低，變得無法淬火。特別值得一提的是，本發明的水系冷卻劑係即便在50℃的液溫下仍可發揮優異的冷卻性能。
另外，完全沒有添加本發明預定無機酸鹽的參考例之離子交換水，無法呈現充分的冷卻性能。又，即便添加屬無機酸的鹽但卻不同於本發明無機酸鹽、或有機酸的鹽，仍無法提升冷卻性能。

Claims (14)

  1. 一種水系冷卻劑，係摻合下述物質而成：選自於碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、倍半碳酸鹽、磷酸鹽、硼酸鹽、鉬酸鹽、及鎢酸鹽之1種以上的無機酸鹽；及金屬防腐蝕劑。
  2. 如請求項1之水系冷卻劑，其中前述金屬防腐蝕劑係選自於苯并三唑系化合物、苯并咪唑系化合物、苯并噻唑系化合物、及苯并噻二唑系化合物中之1種以上的化合物。
  3. 如請求項1之水系冷卻劑，其更進一步摻合殺菌劑而成。
  4. 如請求項3之水系冷卻劑，其中依該冷卻劑全量基準計，前述殺菌劑的摻合量係0.001質量%以上且0.5質量%以下。
  5. 如請求項1之水系冷卻劑，其中依該冷卻劑全量基準計，前述無機酸鹽的摻合量係1質量%以上且20質量%以下。
  6. 如請求項1至5中任一項之水系冷卻劑，其中依該冷卻劑全量基準計，前述金屬防腐蝕劑的摻合量係0.01質量%以上且1質量%以下。
  7. 如請求項1至5中任一項之水系冷卻劑，其中前述無機酸鹽係無機酸的金屬鹽。
  8. 如請求項7之水系冷卻劑，其中前述無機酸鹽係鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鈣鹽、及鎂鹽之至少任一者。
  9. 如請求項1至5中任一項之水系冷卻劑，其中前述磷酸鹽係正磷酸鹽、磷酸氫鹽、磷酸二氫鹽、多磷酸鹽、及偏磷酸鹽之至少任一者。
  10. 如請求項1至5中任一項之水系冷卻劑，其係淬火油或切削油。
  11. 如請求項6之水系冷卻劑，其係淬火油或切削油。
  12. 如請求項7之水系冷卻劑，其係淬火油或切削油。
  13. 如請求項8之水系冷卻劑，其係淬火油或切削油。
  14. 如請求項9之水系冷卻劑，其係淬火油或切削油。
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JP2014125680A (ja) 2014-07-07
SG11201504501WA (en) 2015-07-30
CN104870664A (zh) 2015-08-26
JP6227248B2 (ja) 2017-11-08
KR20150099740A (ko) 2015-09-01

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