TW201034617A - Evaluation of gastrointestinal function using portable electroviscerography systems and methods of using the same - Google Patents

Evaluation of gastrointestinal function using portable electroviscerography systems and methods of using the same Download PDF

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TW201034617A
TW201034617A TW098142470A TW98142470A TW201034617A TW 201034617 A TW201034617 A TW 201034617A TW 098142470 A TW098142470 A TW 098142470A TW 98142470 A TW98142470 A TW 98142470A TW 201034617 A TW201034617 A TW 201034617A
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George Savage
Hooman Hafezi
Olivier Colliou
Mark Zdeblick
Angela Strand
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Proteus Biomedical Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/053Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/273Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for the upper alimentary canal, e.g. oesophagoscopes, gastroscopes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/1107Measuring contraction of parts of the body, e.g. organ, muscle
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14539Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring pH
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/389Electromyography [EMG]
    • A61B5/392Detecting gastrointestinal contractions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/42Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the gastrointestinal, the endocrine or the exocrine systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6847Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
    • A61B5/6861Capsules, e.g. for swallowing or implanting
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2560/00Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
    • A61B2560/02Operational features
    • A61B2560/0204Operational features of power management
    • A61B2560/0214Operational features of power management of power generation or supply
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2560/00Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
    • A61B2560/02Operational features
    • A61B2560/0242Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/07Endoradiosondes
    • A61B5/073Intestinal transmitters

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Description

201034617 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域] 依據35U.S^C. §119(e),本申請案主張對於2_年12 月11日提出申4的美國臨時專利申請案第6imi,878號, 以及於2008年12月u日提出申請的美國臨時專利申請案 第61/121,881號之中請日的優練,該每—揭示内容於此 係以全文引用方式併入本申請案以為參考資料。 〇 本發明係有關於電子系統,更特定言之,係有關於用 以確定由醫療對象所產生電信號的電子系統。 【先前技術】 月細異$疋複數之不同内科疾病的原因。其中之一類 型的胃腸異常係為胃能動性異常。胃能動性異常包括胃節 律異常(諸如胃動過緩頻率比例(bradygastria)、胃動過速頻 率比例(tachygastria)),胃輕癱(gastroparesis)以及胃出口阻 塞(Gastric outlet obstruction)。胃能動性異常可由不同的原 〇 因引起’諸如糖尿病繼發自律神經病變、先前接受腹部手 術、不同的疾病如自體免疫異常、藥物副作用等。胃能動 性異常之徵兆會變化,並包括。惡心、唾吐、鼓脹以及腹部 不舒服。該等徵兆可為輕微的,或會發展到慢性的、嚴重 的或甚至為衰弱狀況,對於個人的身體及/或心智健康造成 不利的影響。 另一類型的胃腸異常係為胃食道逆流疾病(GERD),其 之特徵在於由食道中異常逆流所產生慢性病徵兆或黏膜損 害。DeVaultKR,CastellDO(1999)”胃食道逆流疾病之診斷 3 201034617 與治療的最新指導方針,美國胃腸病學學院實踐資料委員 會(Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The Practice Parameters Committee of American College of Gastroenterology),,<3 Am. J. Gastroenterol. 94(6): 1434-42。GERD 係因食道與胃之間該 屏障中過渡性或永久性改變所引起。由於下食道括約肌之 機能不全、短暫的下食道括約肌放鬆、胃食道逆流之排出 障礙或裂孔疝氣所引起該等改變。 現有複數之與胃腸異常有關的不同檢查。已發展的其 中之一類型用以評估胃能動性之檢查,係為胃排空閃爍攝 影檢查(GES)。GES被認為是對於胃輕癱之金標準診斷檢 查。可用以對於胃能動性異常的其他檢查包括鋇劑X光攝 影、超音波、電腦斷層掃描、磁振造影(MRI)、内視鏡檢查 及胃電圖。 胃電圖(EGG)係為藉由一胃電儀所產生的一圖形,其記 錄行經該胃肌之肌電信號並控制胃肌之收縮。一胃腸電圖 (electrogastroenterogram 或 gastroenterogram)係與一胃電圖 類似’不同之處在於使用由胃與腸所引起的電信號。 為獲得胃電圖及胃腸電圖’將感應器(諸如電極)施加在 病患之皮膚表面並用以探測顯示胃腸系統或是其之關注區 域的肌肉活動之電信號。 目前所使用的該系統所出現的問題在於使用皮膚表面 讀數係為與腹部肌肉活動有關的電信號,難以區分指示胃 腸系統之肌肉活動的電信號。因此,精確地讀取及探測指 201034617 示胃腸㈣之肌肉活動的電信號㈣統及方法係、為所需 的。 【發明内容】
〇 根之t内容’揭不用於擷取與該胃腸系統 之肌肉活有關之電k號的系統與方法。於此所揭示的該 等系統與方法可搭配電子㈣造影㈣以及評估醫象 之胃腸功能的方法使用1祕之—外觀包括—可吞 ㈣標記=及·:與身體結合的接收器其經組構用以探測°電 k號。H统係經組制以自該識別科元或標記接收 據。該資訊可用以自該接收數據產生—電子臟器造影。根 據本發㈣時提供朗料標記及接收器產㈣ 【實施方式】 中顯示_醫療縣具有—電子臟器造影系 ’根據本發明之講授内容收集有《療對I之 數據。議電顿减影系統包括—與身體結合的接收 兀^以及—識別器單元22…體外數據處理器24與該接 收器單it 20連通。該體外數據處理器24可採用複數之構 形’諸如具有内建或周邊螢幕的電腦(諸如於床邊螢幕或 是—健康資訊系統中可見)、個人數位助理(PDA)、智慧型 ^機、信息裝置等。為將數據提供至該體外數據處理器24, 该接收器單元2G可經組構用以再次傳送—接收信號之數據 5 201034617 至該醫療對象體外之該位置。可任擇地,該接收器經、组 構而藉由一體外詢問裝置而受詢問,提供一接收信號之數 據至一體外位置。可使用任,方便的數據傳輸計晝,包栝 有線及無線數據傳輸計晝。 本發明之該等電子臟器造影系統係經組構為產生電子 臟器造影的系統。電子臟器造影係有關於任何可用的數據 之顯示,諸如圖解的報告其能夠用以評估一醫療對象的胃 腸功能。胃腸資訊包括一或更多的參數,提供有關於内臟 器官或胃腸系統或是其之一部分的肌電活動之資訊。〆醫 療對象的内臟器官係為身體的軟性内臟器官,特別是包含 在腹部及胸腔内的該等内臟器官。所關注的是專注於能勳 性的器官,諸如胃腸道之器官。該名詞,,胃勝 (gastrointestinal)”係有關於胃與腸。該用語,,胃腸系統,,錄ji* 地係有關於胃、小腸及大腸、以及相關組織,諸如食道等。 就其本身而論,由本發明之系統所產生的電子臟器造影包 括胃腸電圖及胃電圖。所關注的額外内臟器官包括尿道之 器官’諸如膀胱等。 根據本發明之一觀點’該醫療對象吞下該識別器單元 22為了活化該識別器單元22。如圖1之該目前實例所示, 該識別器單元22係處於一進階吞下階段。該接收器單元2〇 係如圖所示地牢固至該醫療對象的一所需位置處。該接收 斋單元20之位置能夠由醫療需求以及該系統設計所決定。 根據本發明之觀點所使用的該接收器單元20係經組構與身 體位置(身體内部或是一表面上)結合並用以探測源自於身 201034617 更多内臟器官,諸如胃 月/小腸、大腸等的電信號者。;…刀’諸如 早兀20附裝至該 下坪述,將該接收器 該醫療對象之皮膚亦、、衣物僅以電極導線/線牢固至 夂屑亦/函盍於本發明之範.。 王 現翏考圖2Α及2Β,識別1 件30、一上電極32、一^ :早兀匕括〜積體電路組 Ο Ο 36。根據本發明之該等講授时,^放大元件 分別地可具有任何方便的 了 及下笔極32及34 該信號放大元件36#纟V 如正方形、圓盤狀等。 大元件3, 4 —平面的圓盤結構,其中該仲於 =兀件36之該邊緣延伸超越上電極32 ^虎放 緣。於該圖示的 ,、下電極34之邊 36 或以上上:諸如長1〇公厘或以上。為長例如長1公厘 之該it放大兀件36之該邊緣可延伸超過電極32及34 ,邊緣的距離可加以變化,並且於 及34 為〇.〇5公;f # ,、,u , '杲二,、體實施例中係 或以上,諸如5 Λ Ga公厘或以上,包括u公厘 於某些1體# 1厘或以上以及包括1(U)公厘或以上, 32訂電H 距離未超過100公厘。該上電極 胃液m餘、輯較—軸-傳導讀接觸,諸如 該積體電路3γΓ,壓電位及電流流經該積體電路30,致使 廣播模式下作或更多功能區塊在該識別器單元22在 鱼下電極3 犄,產生一獨有的電流特徵。於上電極32 聰斑間產生的該電壓電 位係經由構成該等電極 、乂周圍傳導流體的材料之間的一化學反應所產 7 201034617 生。於該廣播模式下,電流路徑 下電極^_環__單元rr與 現參考圖3’該積發電路3G包括體。 感應單元41電性耦人的一枇$|?| __,、彳木測早兀40及一 靜雪…η 早凡38。於廣播模式下,該 積體電路30之該控制單元38分別地控 'Τ 極34之間傳導性。經由控制該傳導性,於該探測= 賴別器單元22_產生-獨㈣電流特徵並^ 由該識別器單元22所㈣的數據編碼。於該_模式下精 該探測單元仙探測鱗峨器官或該胃腸純或是 部分的肌電活動。肌電活動具有的頻率範圍係自數赫: 約300赫茲(Ηζ),以及電壓範圍係自約1〇微伏特至1至 特。視該具體實施例而定,該識別器單元22之活化的伏 生理處所或位置可加以變化。所關注之代表性目標生= 所包括,但不限定在:位於胃腸道中的—位置,諸如口~ 食道i胃、小腸、Α腸等。識別器可經組構為—旦與位於 該目標處所處之流體(例如胃液)接觸即活化,與該目標處所 之該特定成分無關。在所需處’該識別器可經組構用以在 與二目。標生理處所之成分接觸後,藉由詢問而活化。該識 別器單元22可經組構於一目標處所經活化,其中在一 定時間後抵達該目標處所。 又、 _ °亥感應單元41包括用以感應及探測與該環境相關聯的 =同參數的電路。例如,該感應單元41可為一溫度感應或 疋一酸驗度(pH)感應單元或是其之一結合。可包括其他: 理參數感應器。 201034617 現參考圖4 ’該探測單元4〇包括電力/信號恤 用於對該電路提供電力,#_腳料22在探測 =時探測該等内臟器官之肌電活動。該肌電電流血= 極體(職r di〇de)42 Λ 1係與—齊納二 用。此外,,等2 電性轉合供電源控制所
48及m線伽及4Gb係並聯地與電容器46及 盗電性耦合,用以探測及過濾與該等内臟3|官 關聯的電信號。更特定言之,該St = 至該帶通渡波器單元-於 二峰】探^該等相關聯的信號。將該等過遽資訊傳送至 料值探測單7係用以確定是否一 ;值功= = = =處相關聯,所有由 22 H 峰 確者皆會出絲該識別器單元 調整;等4===_等所需探測參數,用以 a超過考值或基驗。假若具有-電壓電位之峰值, i伴“該峰值探測單元54所設定的該臨限值,則該尖 ^類^圖案辨別單元56,用以確―電信號之本 58、一 IPr^案制單元56之輸出係由-信號相模組 生理來I、、過渡器60、一生理參數過渡器62以及一第二 定用以確^慮器64接收。每—過渡器6G、62及64係經設 過滤器的广式的探測電氣活動通過每一 測及收隹圍。例假若藉由該識別器單元22所探 彳、木的賁訊係為低頻率肌電電流,則該三過濾器60、 9 201034617 62及64中僅有一者將該資訊傳送至連接器%。視所評估 的該等參數而定,可增加任何數目的過濾器至該探測單元 40。例如,可增加一過濾器用以容許僅有與pH相關的資訊 傳送至該控制單元38。該資訊一經通過位在該探測單元4〇 上的其中之一過濾器,該數據或資訊即傳送至該控制單元 38於該處經編碼作為該控制單元%所產生獨特的電流特 ,的-部分。此獨特的電流特徵係由該线之該等接收器 單元所探測並加以解碼。 ° 根據本發明的一些觀點,該識別器單元2 2係在生理上 按適當尺寸製作,意指藉其係適合,獨自地或是結合盆他 载具吞下。於某些蚊觀點巾,賴別器、單元可* 一載體 結合,諸如-活性藥劑或其他載具。例如,按生理 大小製作的識別斋單元的大小可為1〇 mm3或更小,諸如^ 或更丨’包括1 W或更小。於其他的例子中,^ =器單元22可按適當大小製作㈣在吞下後保持I =直至該朗器單元22藉由胃之消化動作分解為止。 ^等例子巾,該朗ϋ單元22可馳構心具有丨平衫 刀或較大的一表面積,諸如1〇平方公分或較大。 該接收器單元20及該識別器單元22係經 號;Γ理器24能夠使用或經組構用以‘ 線及有線方法自接收器單元则 =數據。祕理器24能由該接收的數據產生電 7所關注的雜收器單元2G包括該等經按適 而穩定地W料活著的詩對象之移動有實質上=衣 201034617 一方式而與該活著的醫療對象結合者。就其本 接收器單凡2〇所具有的尺寸當與一醫療對象 :5亥 諸如人類醫賴象,科使醫賴象《之移時, f斤差異。於—些例子中,該接收器單元20係按=感受 裘作以致其之尺寸並未妨礙醫療對象身 =尺寸 戶二需處’該接收器單元2。具有一小的尺寸以動及m 妹:空間的-體積,諸如W或較小,包括二: ° ,卜於一些例子中,該接收器具有-晶片尺寸限二或較 圍係自l〇mm2i2cm2。 尺才限制其之範 現參考圖5,該接收器單元20包括一處理 外殼72中。該處理單元7〇係與電極74電性耦ΐ配 二,一_ 76纏繞該外殼72並與該處 ^並 t。該線圈76係纏繞該周圍並提供將 :電性 e 該接收益單70 20包括二電極。然而,根^太引的 〇 J另一觀點’該接收器單元2〇可包括附加的電極:發明 發明之範舞並未限定在該數目之電極。因此電=並且本 更多電極,包括—歧多餘(諸如二Ϊ
多電極’及/或包括多重,諸如二或P 哭二夕’四或更多對之電極等)用以探測由所關注之^ i二t的電信號’以及探測源自於該識別器單元2 2的 此分佈相距-段距離T,該段距離可容許該Ϊ °木測—差動電壓。此段距離可加以變化,其之範圍係 201034617 ΐ ^2·5 ° 徵電流。H—識別器單元或標記相關聯的-特 -杜j收裔單兀2G可包括複數之不同類型的信號接收器 :蓉所::什晝’只要該接收器單元20係經組構用以探測
臟電信號。此外,所關注之該接收器單元可 為體外的以及可植入的二者。 凡J 現參考圖6,該處理單元%包括—放大請,探測棒 :二1=#電極74 _差動電壓電位。此電壓電位差表 St t電極的肌電信號。該電位係通過導線82輸送至 祕大器8〇,經由該放大器電連接至圖5之該等電極74。 雜測㈣接著進人該解調器84中。圖中亦顯示— •接收信號、生理參數數= 及絲_數據。將-時鐘86寫至該記憶體單元8 使事件具有時間戳記。—傳達單元89將數據自記憶體單^ 85轉移至圖1之該體外數據處理器單元以。該處理單元 亦包括與-微處理器88電性輕合的—電源87。該微處理器 88協調不同功能區塊之_功能以及電源管理。 w 根據本發明之不同觀點,本發明之該系統可包括 二接收器單元或是複數接收器單元。就包括—單—接收器 單元的系統而言,該接收器單^可包括三或更多個別的^ 極,並可經組構用以配置在該醫療對象之一腹部或劍突 (xyphoid)區域中。如所需要地,該等系統之該接收器單= 可配置在任何方便的位置處,諸如身體軀幹的前方、身體 12 201034617 軀幹的背部等。於 收器可具有-單二電複數接,器單元的系統中,每1 生-接收器單元陣列。亚且鱗接收器可相互連通用以產 該接收器單元站 Ο ϋ 容的包殼、-或更多的感之觀:具有:生物學上相 池或是可再充電電、、也,二=—° 電源,/、可為一次電 供電力者。就該等外部;;:地傳佈至-線圈而提 包括具有與皮廣4目對二:=而言’該等具體實施例 或是經由-或更多傳導二的二方式 於某些特i的===極用以接收及傳輸信號。 或功能性區塊係、配置在㈣電路上 件 數之個別的功能性區掩’亦即,模組。==複 全部,可配置在該接吹器中的-單一積二十;包: 區塊。就其本身二;=,不同的功能性 路(可包括半導體元件以及被動元 件)已裝仏位在-薄的半導體材料基板之該表面中。本發明 之某些特定具體實關之料積體電路可為混合的積 路,其係由個卿料體元件以及軸元件齡至一基板 或電路板所構成的微型電子電路。 所關注之信號接收器包括,但非限定在,以下案件中 所揭示的料接收ϋ: PCT申請㈣PCT/us2G_i637〇 13 201034617 號公開為 WO/2006/116718 ; PCT 申請案第 PCT/US2007/24225 號公開為 WO/2008/063626 ; PCT 申請 案第 PCT/US2008/52845 號公開為 WO/2008/095183 ;該等 申請案之揭示内容於此併入本案以為參考資料。 根據本發明之其他觀點,該系統可包括二或更多(諸如 一或更夕,包括四或更多)接收器單元。於該等系統中誃 二或更多與身體結合的接收器可適合地配置在該醫療對°象 j體上的任何所需位置處。例如,所有與身體結合的 號接收器可配置在身體的相同侧邊上; 是其可配置在身體的相反側邊上,諸如身體的;: 造影。該體外數據處理器單元24 “· 或經由〜數據中繼裝置(諸如自該接收器單=收器單元 等接收的數據發送至-體外數據處二:數:並 接收電信號數攄。該體冰鉍Μ由°»的—裝置) =1信號數據。該體外數據處理器單元24可 :而用以經由任何合宜的有線或構’如 並處理理器係為能夠 該等產等處= 臟器造影書寫在紙上,輪出i使用Ϊ體,諸如網 /者界面以及相似者將電子臟器造影顯示給圖 201034617 本發明之該等系統的體外數據處理器可採用複數之構形, 诸如具有—内建式或是周邊的螢幕(例如於床邊螢幕或是 一健康資訊系統中可見)的一電腦、個人數位助理(PDA)、 智慧型手機、信息裝置等。 於一些例子中,該識別器單元之識別器係為對環境敏 感的。對環境敏感的係意指該識別器係經組構為在該識別 斋與其經設計詢問的一或更多狀況接觸時活化。所關注的 〇 識別器經組構用以詢問的環境狀況包括溫度、壓力、酸驗 度、分析物存在(analyte presence)等。於一些例子中,該等 識別器係為對酸驗度敏感的,意指藉其經組構用以對預定 的pH狀況詢問,諸如酸性或驗性狀況。例如,一識別器可 經組構用以當其接觸具一酸性pH的流體(諸如PH 6.5或較 小’諸如pH 6或較小)或是具一驗性pH的流體(諸如pH 7.5 或較大,諸如pH 8或較大)時詢問(例如藉由活化或是發射 一信號)。當對環境敏感的識別器對其所暴露的一預定狀況 Q 或是二或更多組之狀況發生反應時,其係經組構在一經與 該預定狀況或成組狀況即活化並放射一信號。 視特定的需要而定,源自於該接收器單元之藉由該接 收器單元探測的電流玎為一般性的,以致其僅識別該識別 器已與該目摞處所接觸。可任擇地,該信號可顯示有關於 由該識別器單元所探測的該肌電活動的資訊。就其本身而 論,該識別器可在搭配一批劑量使用時,放射一信號其無 法與該批之任一其他劑量構件的該識別器所放射的信號區 別。可任擇地,該批之每一構件可具有一識別器其放射, 15 201034617 至少相關於該批之該等構件的所有其他識別器,獨有的信 號。於該等例子中,該批之每一識別器放射一信號其獨特 地識別該批中特定的識別器,至少相對於該批之所有的其 他識別器。該識別器可放射一獨特的信號其係為一通用獨 特的仏號(其中該一信號可與人之指紋相比擬,與任何其他 個人之任何其他指紋不同,因此在一通用的標準上獨有地 識別個人)。該信號可直接地傳送與一特定事件有關的資 訊,或是提供一識別碼,其可用以自一資料庫擷取與該事 件有關的資訊(例如具合成的一資料庫連結識別碼)。 δ玄識別器可產生複數之不同類型的信號,包括但不限 定在:經由控制傳導性、RF信號、磁性信號、傳導(近場) 信號、音響信號等。該識別器之傳輸時間係可變化,於某 些特定例子中,該傳輸時間的範圍可自0.1微秒至48小時 或更長,諸如自〇.〗微秒至24小時或更長,諸如自〇1微 秒至4小時或更長,諸如自1秒至4小時,包括自1分鐘 至10分鐘。視特定的具體實施例而定,該識別器可產生一 次獨特的電流特徵。可任擇地,該識別器可經組構用以產 生具有相同資訊(相同的信號)之一獨特的電流特徵,二或更 多次,收集各別相同的信號可共同地視為一多餘的信號。 於些例子中,该識別器標記可經組構一經其抵達該 胃腸道位置,即保持在該位置。例如,該標記可包括一^ 膜黏附(muco-adhesive)元件,一經與該胃腸道之—内部位置 接觸,即致使該標記保持在該位置。使用該一具體實施例 之一實例係為其中包括一黏膜黏附元件有助於醫療對象的 16 201034617 複數識別器。該等標記係黏附至胃之不同位置並將自不同 位置放射信號。該等複數不同信號可用以產生胃之圖像, 其可與時俱進地加以監控。於所需處,該圖像可在感應不 同狀態後,諸如進餐時間、禁食等,加以監控。 該等識別器可視該特定具體實施例以及該組成之所意 欲的應用加以變化,只要其一經與—目標生理位置,諸如 胃’接觸即活化(亦即,開啟)。識別器可包括一活化組件, 0 諸如一電池,其係藉由胃酸完成,以及一傳輸元件。所關 注之不同類型的識別器之實例包括,但非限制在以下申請 案中所說明的該等識別器:PCT申請案第 PCT/US2006/016370 號公開為 WO/2〇〇6m6718 ; PCT 申請 案第 PCT/US2007/082563 號公開為 WO/2008/052136 ; PCT 申請案第 PCT/US2007/024225 號公開為 WO/2008/063626 ; PCT申請案第PCT/US2007/022257號公開為 WO/2008/066617 ; PCT 申請案第 PCT/US2008/052845 號公 ❹ 開為 WO/2008/095183 ; PCT 申請案第 PCT/US2008/053999 號公開為 WO/2008/101107 ; PCT 申請案第 PCT/US2008/056296 號公開為 WO/2008/112577 ; PCT 申請 案第 PCT/US2008/056299 號公開為 WO/2008/112578;以及 PCT申請案第PCT/US2008/077753號;以及於2009年9 月21日提出申請的美國專利申請案第12/564,017號,該等 揭示内容於此併入本案以為參考資料。 除了以上說明的該識別器組件外,於本發明之方法中 使用的該等識別器單元可與一載具組件結合。載具組件可 17 201034617 包括一或更多成分,包括但非限制在填料、黏結劑、崩解 佐劑、著色劑等。於PCT申請案第US2006/016370號公開 為WO/2006/116718中進一步地檢閱所關注的載具組件,該 揭示内容於此併入本案以為參考資料。本發明之組成中存 在的組件之附加的揭示内容於Remington、Pharmaceutical
Sciences,Mace出版公司,費城,Pa•,第17版(1985)中可見。 该識別器單元可經組構為複數之不同的規格。關注之規格 包括固體規格,諸如錠、粉末、腸溶顆粒、充填膠囊等。
、 S 視該特定方法而定,該識別器單元可未包括一製藥上" 的活性劑。就其本身而論,該識別器及構成識別器單元的 任何載具組件未包括一活性劑。於另一具體實施例中,該 識別器單元包括-活性劑。就於此所使用者而言,該用語” 活性劑”包括任何化合物,一經與一活的生物體,諸如人, 接觸即產生-生理上的效果,例如一有利的或是有用的效 果。活性劑係可與载具組件,諸如填料、黏結劑、著色劑 等區別的。該活性劑可為任何分子能夠於一活醫療對象中 ,制一生物處理程序。於一些例子中,該活性劑可為於診I 斷、治療或疾病預防或是一藥物成分中使用的一物質。 /主之廣泛種類的活性劑包括,但非限定在:心血管試劑; 疼痛緩解劑’例如’止痛劑,麻醉劑、消炎藥劑等;神經 作用劑,化療(諸如防腫瘤)劑等。於PCT申請 US2006/016370 號公開為 w〇 2〇〇6/11671 中 ; 關注之活性劑,該揭示内容於此併入本案以為造參考^;所 一特定的識別器單元可包括一單一識別器,或是二或 18 201034617 該等識別器可相關於該標記之其他組件而以 灵婁之不同的構形加以佈置。其中該標記包括 載具,該(等)識別器可配置在該錠載具的—表面上。於二 該標記係由二或更多識別器構成存在於—可; 田、六时她 重識另J态早兀識別态可存在於由一絲斑 j接觸即溶解的—材料構成的—膠囊中 ϋ
載體組件,包括生理上可接受的聚合材料,該 則專統製樂膠囊劑量使用。該等材料可為清澈或透明的, 亚可如所需地色彩化。堅硬且具彈性的材料係令人有興趣 的。能夠構成本發明之載體組件的適合聚合物包括,但不 限制在1乙烯乙醇(PVA);天然及合成多醣,包括支鍵殿 粉、紅藻膠、三仙膠、聚葡萄胺醣石花菜膠(chitosan吨虹 gum)、以及纖維素材料,諸如羧曱基纖維素、羥丙曱基纖 維素(HPMC)、甲基纖維素、氫氧纖維素、羥乙基曱基纖維、 羥丙纖維素;聚乙烯乙二醇(PEGs)、聚環氧乙烷(PE〇s)、 PEGs及PEOs之混合物;丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸基聚合物,
諸如 EUDRAGIT E™、EUDRAGIT L™及 /或 EUDRAGIT
S™甲基丙烯酸基聚合物,EUDRAGIT RL™及/或 EUDRAGIT RSTM曱基丙烯酸銨共聚合物;聚乙烯吡啶酮 (polyvinyl pyrrolidone)、polyglycolysed glycerides(諸如 GELUCIRE 44/14TM,GELUCIRE 50/02TM,GELUCIRE 50/13TM及GELUCIRE53/1〇tm聚合物);聚羧乙烯聚合物(諸 如CARBOPOL™聚合物);聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯胺醚共聚合物 (POLOXAMER188TM聚合物);以及相似者。該膠囊組件可 19 201034617 使用任何方便的計晝構成’包括模塑等。所關注的製造計 晝包括,但不限定在於美國專利第5,705,189號;4,576,284 號;4,591,475 號;4,655,840 號;4,738,724 號;4,738,817 號及4,790,881號中所說明者,該等揭示内容於此併入本案 以為參考資料。可任擇地,該膠囊組件可由商業上賣主處 獲得,諸如 Qualicaps Inc 公司,Whitsett NC。 本發明亦k供用以對醫療對象產生一電子臟器造影的 方法。如以上所檢閱,一電子臟器造影係為任何數據之有 用的顯示,諸如一圖像報告(其可書寫在一實體媒體上或 顯示在一監測器上等)’提供有關於-醫療對象的内臟器官 之肌電活動的資訊。關注之内臟器官 諸如胃腸道之器官,例如胃與腸。就其動而= 本發明之糸統所產生的電子臟器造影包括腸及胃: 圖。關注之附加的内臟器官包括 :二 等。 ❼g,諸如膀胱 就實踐本發明之方法而言,如上所述, 臟器官所產生的電信號(例如肌電信 ^腸 利用該线之與身魅合的信=或腸以 電信號數據傳送至該體 器造景i t:;該接收的數據產生該所需的電七 ^ /知的方法可包括射卜段特心 审,-小叶或更長時間,三小時或更長時間 長時間’一曰或更長時間’二曰或更長時間,一週每 長時間’二週或更長時間,一個月或更長時間: 20 201034617 更長蚪間,包括一年或更長時間。當本發明之該等系統係 為可攜式時,如所需地,可在該等時間持續地探測及 該數據。 ; 視該特定的應用而定,該身體結合信號接收器可以複 數之構形相對於所關注之器官而配置。例如,就使用一單 一身體結合信號接收器而言,該方法可包括初始地將該單 接收器定位或是植入在與關注之該器官接近的一位置 Ο 處。就關注之該器官係為胃而言,如所需地,該單一接收 器可配置在可配置在一腹部或劍突區域處。就包括二或更 多信號接收器的其他系統而言,該等接收器可配置在複數 之身體位置處。例如,該等方法可包括將二或更多個別的 接收器定位在個別的腹部位置處(例如用以當其通過該胃 腸道時提供一識別器單元的三角定位能力),或是將一接收 器定位在一前腹部位置處,以及將一第二接收器定位在一 背部位置處。此後者構形係表示該等接收器配置在一目標 〇 器官之相對側邊上的例子,例如,用以測量通過該器官的 阻抗。測量通過該胃部之阻抗得到用以評估胃能動性的一 獨立方式’其可結合本發明之電子臟器造影或是其獨立地 使用。例如,該經測量通過胃之阻抗將視胃是滿或空而定 變化。藉由使阻抗與吃下食物後時間相關聯,能夠立即地 產生胃能動性之一測量。 於一些例子中,該識別器單元中識別器係為環境上具 敏感性的。對環境敏感係意指該識別器係經組構為在該識 別器與其經設計詢問的一或更多狀況接觸時活化。所關;主 21 201034617 的識別器經組構用以詢問的環境狀況包括溫度、壓力、酸 驗度、分析物存在(analyte presence)等。於一些例子中,令 等識別器係為對酸鹼度(pH)敏感的,意指藉其經組構用以 對預定的pH狀況詢問,諸如酸性或鹼性狀況。例如,一識 別器可經組構用以當其接觸具一酸性pH的流體(諸如pH 6.5或較小’諸如pH 6或較小)或是具一驗性pfj的流體(諸 如pH 7.5或較大,諸如pH 8或較大)時詢問(例如藉由活化 或是發射一信號)。當對環境敏感的識別器對其所暴露的— 預定狀況或是二或更多組之狀況發生反應時,其係經組構 在一經與該預定狀況或成組狀況即活化並放射一信號。 就本發明之pH敏感識別器單元而言,可使用複數之不 同的方法將pH敏感度賦予該等標記。例如,該等標記可包 括一 pH感應器元件,該元件經組構用以探測一已知環境的 pH,s亥標纪可經安置並在與之感應後使該識別器活化。具 有一體成型的pH感應器的一識別器之一實例,係為一識^ 器包括一積體電路及三不同的電極元件,其中二電極元件 使用作為該部分電源之—部分以及該廣播模式的一部分, 而該第三電極元件制於該探測模式期間之作業,該識別 器與-傳導性媒體-經接觸,該電池之該等成分以及該第 電極兀件(例如’由㈣其他適合的材料製成)使用作為供 母电池電極戶斤用的一相對電極(c〇_er electr〇de)。該積體 電路進y匕括肖b帶隙參考(bandgap reference)。於作業 期間’當該朗ϋ與—適合的傳導媒體,諸如胃液接觸時, 。亥等電池電極提供$積體電路所用的作業電壓,包括該積 22 201034617
體屯路之時鐘組件。該朗隸射顯自 帶隙參考之溫度以及電池電極電壓的信號。同時 別益傳輸的信號提供相關於每一電池電極之位於該參考 極上的電壓_°電池電極iv.pt參考電極⑽電池電極2 V· 參考電極)’其中該等電壓係與環境之pH及溫度有 關"亥等心號可經傳送為一數位信號或一頻率或是一工作 週』就》亥識別盗而言,接著例如藉由一與身體結合的 if器及/或—體外數據處理器處理該(等)傳輸信號,用以 員不溫度,電池/參考電極電壓的該等信號轉換成pH 值,例如,藉由使用對照表或是適當的演算法。另一可用 ^知標記賦予pH靈敏度的方法係包括該識別器之 PH敏感性塗料覆蓋活化組件(諸如電池元件),其中當呈 現5亥所需pH狀況時,僅溶解該阳敏感性塗料用以暴露該 活f生組件。所關注之pH敏感性塗料包括,但不限定在··醋 酉夂麵 I纖維素,£UDRAGIT LTM,⑺τ stm, EUDRAGIT FSTM’以及其他的纖維素彳$生物之苯二甲酸 :可用以獲得環境敏感性的附加標記構形包括,但不限 定在PCT申請案第PCT/US2007/082563公開為WO 2008=52136中說a月的構形,該揭示内容於此併入本案以為 參考資料。 、於些例子中’藉由一識別器單元提供的pH敏感性, 視其所暴露至之環境的特定pH而定,放射一不同的信號。 例如,-識別器可包括三電極,其中之—電極係塗覆一 pH 敏感f生塗料’其僅在一特定pH下溶解暴露該電極。於此類 23 201034617 型的識別器中,當該經塗覆電極上該塗料經去除時,例如, 藉由溶解’一第一信號將藉由該等未塗覆電極傳輸以及可 與第一信號區別的一第二信號係藉由該等電極傳輸。於另 一實例中,該識別器可包括一化學藥劑,其一經暴露至— 特定pH即釋放,例如藉由包括位於一腔室中以一 pH敏感 性塗料密封的藥劑。一經去除該pH敏感性塗料,即釋放言亥 藥劑並修改該識別器放射信號。 對一識別器提供pH敏感度的另一方式在於提供—元 件’諸如一引線(trip wire),視該識別器之該環境的pH而 定’修改其之敏感度。例如,,識別器可包括一傳導跡線 或線其在該識別益暴露至一特定pH時溶解。此元件的該 pH敏感度係藉由元件之材料(例如’鎂、鋅或於酸性狀況中 溶解的其他金屬)及/或一適合的塗料提供。當該元件存在 時’藉由該識別器發射一第〆信號以及當該元件溶解或是 以其他方式折衷時,藉由該識別器發射一第二信號。可任 擇地’一識別器可包括一傳導跡線或線其係在該識別器暴 露至一特定pH時產生。例如,一氣化銅(CuCl)之跡線一經 暴露至酸性情況將轉換成銅金屬用以產生一傳導性元件。 再者,該金屬可以一適當的塗科覆蓋,賦予該識別器pH敏 感性。當該傳導性元件不存在時,藉由該識別器放射一第 一 4號並在該元件產生時,藉由該識別器放射一第二信號。 一已知方法可包括對醫療對象管理一單一識別器單 元,或是二或更多識別器單元,諸如第一、第二甚至以及 第三或更多的識別器單元。祝其本身而論,一已知方法可 24 201034617 包括管理-單-識別器單元。可任擇地,—已知方法可包 括對一醫療對象管理二或更多,諸如三或更多、四或更多、 五或更多、十或更多、十五或更多、二十或更多等識別哭 早兀。於一已知方法中使用複數識別器單元的情況下,可 對於—醫療對象同時地或是於不同時間加以管理。 如以上所示,所使用的識別器單元可為具環境上敏感 性的。於一些例子中,使用二或更多具環境上敏感性的識 〇 別器單元,該等識別器單元可對不同的環境狀況有所反 應。就其本身而論,一已知方法可包括對一醫療對象管理 —第—具環境上敏感性的敏感性標記其係對一第一環境狀 況(諸如酸性狀況)有所反應’以及一第二具環境上敏感性的 敏感性標記其係對一第二環境狀況(諸如鹼性狀況)有所反 應。於該等例子中,該等標記可對複數之不同類型的環境 狀況’諸如pH,有所反應。 標記之管理,如所需地,可與液體及/或食物之管理相 〇 —致。例如,醫療對象可經指導’如所需地’伴隨食物, 包括特定類型的食物或膳食,水或是空腹期間,在該曰之 不同時間等呑下該等標記,用以獲得與其他類型之有關資 訊結合的資訊,諸如熱量攝入量、該日時間等。 管理對於一醫療對象的一或更多識別器單元之後,如 以上所檢閱,藉由該系統之一與身體結合的接收器探測自 —或更多識別器單元放射的一或更多信號。經由該醫療對 象之皮膚及其他身體組織完成電流探測。於一些例子中, 該接收器係經組構用以同時地探測分別源自於一各別識別 25 201034617 器單元的複數獨有的電流特徵 =放射模組。源自於各別數二口件標記或 獨有電流特徵之數目可為2目之,=早疋的不同 自不同識別器單元放射。 夕’5或更夕,10或更多 為對5亥體外數據虛理写、g 组構用以再次將-iftt 據,該信號接收器可經 ' 接收^口就之數據值仏$ rfe 的該位置。可任摆# 累傳輸至该W療對象體外 體外詢問裝置加以詢問 於此評估中使用的該特定計二 探測化。於一些例子中’該評估計晝係為-基於 置處如一評估計晝可為根據在—特定生理位 其可用以確tr’諸如胃或食道中—低pH,的—計晝’ 細地加流㈣(gerd财在(以下更為詳 於該轉型之評估計晝中,可使用—單— 二為早凡,或可使用複數之識別器單元。例如,可使用 組之識別器放射不同編碼信號,其中二標記 偁用U在不同位置處放射信號。 可任擇地,每—識別器單元可經組構用以在—不 經其中每一識別器單元贷 別^用以在—不同目標生理處所活化。例如,-第1 化° !^可在°中活化,—第二識別器單元可在食道中^ =第三朗H單元可在小腸中活化,以及—第四識) °早凡可在大腸中活化。可於-診斷應用中使用該—識: 26 201034617 器單元組,用以確定該消化系統之功能,諸如通過消化道, 胃部排空及相似狀況的能動性。例如,應注意的是當每一 識別器單元放射其之各別信號時,可獲得一信號對時間之 圖表其係由與消化道功能性相關的資訊所產生。 取代使用顯示該識別器單元與一預定環境狀況接觸 (諸如一 pH值)的一信號,所使用的該評估計畫可監控在管 理之後相對於時間與位置的探測信號。該資訊可用以確定 不同方面的胃腸功能,諸如總胃腸傳輸時間或特定針對該 胃腸道之該等部分的傳輸時間,諸如胃部排空時間,小腸 傳輸時間,總結腸傳輸時間以及類似者。 一已知的評估計晝可為使用唯一地源自於識別器單元 22的數據的一計晝,或可為使用由識別器單元獲得的數據 以及一或更多其他類型之數據,諸如生理數據(包括,但非 限定在電子臟器造影、溫度、心跳速率、血壓等),非生理 性病患特定數據(包括,但非限定在性別、年齡、身高、體 重、用藥史、飲食記錄、運動史等),環境數據(包括但非限 定在空氣溫度、壓力等)以及由經組構用以獲得一電子臟器 造影,諸如腸電圖,包括一胃電圖之與身體結合信號接收 器所獲得的該等信號的一計晝。用以獲得該電子臟器造影 的該特別計晝可加以變化。例如,該特別計晝可單獨地使 用顯示由所關注之器官產生的電信號的數據,亦即器官特 定的肌電數據。可任擇地,如以上所檢閱,該特別計晝可 使用器官特定的肌電數據及附加類型之數據。一已知計畫 可包括將數據與參考數據比較,亦即控制,用以識別與一 27 201034617 、:差。另一方法用以將與一 pH相關的數據和與肌電 ㈣i目關的數據結合’從而提供f師具有用於賴及作出 強有力工具。如所需地’―已知計晝可包括使用雜 訊消除運算法。 、—就使用識別器單元而言,如所需地,一已知計晝可以 =之不同方式使用該識別器單元之該信號。例如,藉由 m11單元所放射的該錢可制作為輯獲得電子臟 “衫的-獨立校正。於一些例子中,於一已知方法中使 用的該系統使用-識別器單元,其經組構用以放射一信 號上’其係㈣於源自於管理及活化之_作鮮上變化。 於該等具體實施财’由賴別科元所放射信號之頻率 改變經設計用以強化或抵銷所關注之器官的肌電信號,諸 ^胃波。例如,-識別器單元可經組構用以放射信號,其 隨著行進該胃腸道而由該高頻率變化至低頻率。由該身^ 結合接收器所得之信號接著用以產生高與低解信=之一 圖,。該等高頻率信號可用以作為該識別器單元當其通過 該胃腸道時’相關於時間之該位置的—圖像,岐低頻率 信號能夠用於產生該電子臟器造影,僅利用該等信號與器 官肌電波共振俾以強化該信噪比。 ° 如以上相關於圖3所說明,於根據本發明之另一觀點 的其他系統中,該識別器單元本身可記錄所關注之肌電信 號,並傳輸包括與該等肌電信號有關的資訊之數據至哕系 統之該(等)身體結合接收器。例如,該識別器單元可經=構 用以包括一功能性區塊,探測所關注之該等肌電信=並接 28 201034617 著將最終探測的肌電數據傳輸至該系統之一或更多與 結合的接收器單元。 _ 一已知的方法可包括如所需地產生一臨床診斷分數, 其中該分數可採用一單一數值的形式或可相關於針訝一或 更關注之參數的數值進一步詳述(例如,其中該分數係以二 報告卡的形式提供)。使用適當的運算法,為了提供此分數 本發明之電子臟器造影可與一或更多附加的數據流結合。 ❹ Ο 本發明之該等方法可搭配複數之不同類型之醫療對象使 用。 現參考圖7,圖中顯示一方法的一示意圖,其用以確定 於一病患或醫療對象中胃腸傳輸時間。提供該病患三不同 的識別器單元膠囊92,其中之一者於早晨所用,一者於中 午所用以及一者於晚間所用。每一膠囊92包括一組之複數 的個別識別器單元,其係經組構用以在其抵達該胃腸道% 之一不同部分時放射一信號,諸如上述說明的標記組。在 官理作業之後,每一膠囊92於該胃腸道94之該胃中溶解 並活性化成為活性膠囊9 2 a,其每一者產生一獨有的電流特 徵々°亥識別器單元當其抵達其之預定位置時,放射一電流 知徵。於該電流信號中經編碼的該資訊係藉由一接收器單 加叹錄。難收H單元96接著無線地將數據傳送 -膝據處理器98,諸如-個人數位助理(PDA)或是 書,用=值:處理器98在該接收數據上執行-評估計 —用以輪出傳輸時間結果(語‘祕μ 間等)至-使用者(例如藉由名:總傳輪時間,結腸傳輸時 i —監視器上顯示一圖形使用 29 201034617 者界面)。經由該PDA或膝上型電腦顯示予使用#之該圖形 係為顯示該胃之排空百分比隨時間變化的圖形。 本發明之該等方法可搭配複數之不同類型的醫療對象 使用,包括’’哺乳動物”、肉食性動物(諸如狗及貓)、嚷齒動 物(諸如小鼠、天竺鼠及大鼠),以及靈長類動物(諸如人、 黑猩猩及猴)。 ,丨1 —双默之+叫的應用 上,其中產生電子臟器造影,諸如腸電圖,如同一胃電圖 係為所需的。關注之應用包括使用本發明之腸電圖用以評 =胃腸功能_等應用。例如’本發明之胃電雜用在確 疋胃能動性、胃嬬動、胃腸傳輸時間、胃容積等。關注之 ^用包括於診斷及/或監控-醫療對象的胃腸狀況中使 =明之電子臟器造影。使用本發明之電子_造影可評估 胃腸異常庙包括’但非限定在胃能動性狀況, 動性狀況,其中該評估包括醫療療對象之-胃能 W縻對象出現胃能動性狀況之 =:監控對於醫療對象針對胃能動性狀況 的 狀況是否具麵㈣療仙)指對於關注之胃能動性 癱發日狀方法所評估的—胃能動性狀況係為胃輕 癱’㈣所熟知的延遲性胃部排空,係為由該胃 庳所構成的-醫療狀況’造成食物餘留於胃中持 正常狀況為長的時間。胃輕癱會在迷走神經受損 乂及月與腸之肌肉無法正常活動時發生。食物因而缓慢地 30 201034617 杯砸,止移動通過該消化道。與胃輕癱相關聯的徵兆包 ασ 、氣脹、腹部疼痛或不舒服以及過早飽足感。 _由關注之醫療對象至少包括疑似遭胃輕癱之苦者,諸如 、二,使用一或更多胃輕癱之徵兆。對個人的胃輕癱之評估 /乍業:,一識別器單元當其活化時放射一控制的電流特 徵虽该識別器單元進入該胃腸道時,可監測一接收器單 1的移動及位置隨著時間的變化。例如’藉由描繪位置隨 0 日令間的變化’可立即地確定在吞下該識別器單元之後該識 別益單元何時自胃通過進入小腸,從而確定胃部排空時 間。可任擇地’可使用一組之二或更多的識別器單元,其 中標記係對不同的環境狀況有所反應。例如,可管理—第 一識別器單元其係對酸性狀況有所反應,以及一第二識別 器單元其係對鹼性狀況有所反應。假若同時地管理該等標 記並接著記錄每一者之信號探測時間,藉由當獲得源自於 酸性PH及鹼性pH反應性標記之信號時加以比較,可立即 〇 地完成測量胃部排空時間。例如,為了完成測量胃部排空 時間’管理探測源自於該酸性PH反應性標記之信號的時間 可自管理探測源自於該鹼性pH反應性標記之信號的時間 中減除。於所需處,製備一已知參數(諸如位置、pH、壓力 等)隨著時間變化的圖表並與一適合的控制圖表比較(易言 之,參考),用以獲得該所需之胃部排空測量。 可立即地經修改使用本申請案中所說明之識別器單元 的評估胃輕癱之方法包括,但不限定在於美國公開申請案 第 20080287833 號;20080161643 號;20080064938 號及 31 201034617 20040162501號;以及美國專利第7,16〇,258號及7,i4i,〇i6 號中所說_該等方法,該等中魅之揭示内容於此併入 .本案以為參考資料。 一於需要處,本發明之方法可結合—或更多附加的梦斷 月輕癱之方法使用。例如,本發明之方法可使用作為首次 確疋或篩選一醫療對象是否遭受胃輕癱之苦。假若此首次 確定作業該結果係為陽性的,則可執行一或更多附加= 驗,用以確認罹患胃輕癱。本發明方法可結合使用之附2 的胃輕癱診斷檢驗包括,但非限定在:根據徵兆及身體柊 查的診斷檢驗;診斷檢驗其中吞下並監控同位素標記^ 分,上胃腸内視鏡檢驗;胃竇十二指腸能動性檢驗,測量 因胃及腸肌收縮所產生的壓力;胃電圖(EGG),其記錄行二 通過該胃肌並控制該肌肉收縮等的該等電信號。 於所需處,本發明之方法可進一步地包括當該等方法 識別該醫療對象遭胃輕癱所苦時,針對胃輕癱檢驗醫療斜 象。所關注的藥物治療在於藉由刺激胃較正常狀況更為吹 縮而治療胃輕癱。關注之具體藥物治療包括,但未限定在. 美多科拉醯胺(metoclopramide)、吐平(doinperidone)、紅徵 素(erythromy)、善得定(octreotide)等。於所需處,可使用 外科手術,該一手術於胃與小腸之間產生一較大開口,為 了有助於讓胃排空之過程。關注之附加的治療計畫包括: 但未限定在美國公開申請案第20060029614號; 20050164925 號;20050106167 號;20050090554 銳: 20030059374號及20020143030號中所揭示者;該等揭^内 32 201034617 容於此併入本案以為參考資料。 使用本發明之該等方法發現的其他胃能動性異常包 括’但未限定在:胃節律異常,諸如胃動過緩頻率比例及 胃動過速頻率比例’以及胃出口阻塞、骨盆底功能失調、 慢性便秘及顯示糖尿病及/或自律神經病變的胃腸狀況。於 其之評估中使用本發明之胃電圖所發現的其他類型之狀況 包括’但未限定在:其他的腸異常、膀胱異常、孩童安裘 〇 曼氏症候群(Children with Angelman syndrome),以及子宮 内膜異位症。於美國專利第5,704,368號及6,351,665號; 以及美國公開申請案第20050215917號中進一步檢閱使用 本發明之胃電圖的應用;該等揭示内容於此併入本案以為 參考資料。如以上說明’當使用本發明之方法用以評估該 等狀況時,該等方法可進一步包括利用一或更多附加的檢 驗確認診斷,及/或針對該診斷狀況以一或更多治療計晝治 療該醫療對象。 Q 此外,本發明之電子臟器造影可用以評估對不同刺激 的生理反應。於一些例子中,本發明之胃電圖可用以評估 個人對於不同類型之食物的反應。例如,觀察的胃電圖在 鬲熱量成分食物與低熱量成分食物之間變化。因而不同的 胃電圖可用以評估個人的飲食,例如,希望監測醫療對象 對於飲食調整的順從性。 使用本發明之方法的另一類型之胃腸狀況係為胃食道 逆流疾病(GERD),以及相關的狀況,諸如功能性消化不 良。對於該等應用關注之醫療對象至少應被懷疑罹患 33 201034617 GERD。就評估GERD而言’一或更多識別器單元可經管理 用於一醫療對象,其中該識別器單元係為pH敏感性的並係 經組構用以放射一信號,由之可確定一已知生理位置處該 PH。一經接收該(等)信號’即可完成GERD之評估。例如, 當一罹患GERD的病患接受一已知的治療計畫時,儘管病 患正接受該治療計畫,本發明之該等方法仍可用以識別低 胃部pH。此結果可以一些方式用以證明該治療計畫的改 變。可任擇地,可使用一識別器單元其經組構用以提供一 信號’可由之確定下食道pH。就該一環境反應性識別器單 兀而言,於該下食道中經探測的低pH可經使用作為GERD 的一診斷標記。 於所需處’本發明之該等方法可結合一或更多附加的 GERD診斷方法使用。關注之GERD診斷方法包括,但未 限疋在鋇劑吞°燕X光檢查、食道壓力機能檢查、24小時食 道pH監測及上消化道内視鏡檢查(EGD)。本發明之該等方 法可進一步包括在藉由本發明之方法評估GERD之後針對 GERD治療個別患者。關注之藥理方面的治療計畫包括, 仁未限疋在.質子幫浦抑制劑(諸如,omeprazole、 omeprazole、ians〇praz〇le、及灿啊㈣⑹;胃部受體阻滞 劑(諸如 ’ ranitidine、famotidine、及 cimetidine);制酸劑; ^ 酉夂’促咏胃螺動劑(諸如 ’ cisapride) ; sucralfate ; 5-HT4 受體致效劑’諸如mosapride citrate等。 應瞭解的是本發明並未限制在所說明的特定具體實施 例’而就其本身而論係可加以變化。亦應瞭解的是於此所 34 201034617 使用的專門用語係僅為了說明特定的具體實施例而不音欲 具限制性,因為本發明之範疇將僅由該等附加的申請^利 範圍所限定。
所提供的一數值範圍中,應瞭解的是每一居中值,除 非於上下文中清楚地另有說明外否則係至該下限之單位的 十分位’介於該範圍的上與下限之間,以及於讀陳述範圍 中任何其他的陳述或居中值係包含於本發明中。該等較】 範圍之該上限及下限可獨立地包括在該等較小範圍中並亦 係包含於本發明中,受該所陳述範圍中任何具體排除=限 制所規限。該陳述範圍包括該等限制之一或是二者'、 該等包括之限制的任一者或是二者的範圍亦包括於本 中。 除非另有定義,否則於此使用的所有技術及科與 語具有如熟知本發明所屬技藝之人士一般瞭解 = 義。儘管與於此說明者相似或㈣的任何方法及材 夠在實踐錄驗本發㈣㈣,但錢明的 ㈣: 方法及材料。 双注忒明 於此說明書中所引用的所有公開案及專利,於 入本案以為參考資料’如同每—個m利且 地及個別地指科人料參考㈣,並胁 其之揭不〜’並且残視為承認本 月 先前發明將該公開案提前曰期。再者,所 35 201034617 之日期可與該需獨立地確認之實際的公開案日期不同。 應注意的是’如於此及該等附加的申請專利範圍中所 使用者,除非於上下文中另有清楚地指示,否則該等單數 形式”a”、’’an”、及’’the”包括複數的指示物。應進_步注专 的是該等申請專利範圍可經擬寫成將任何可任擇元件^ 除。就其本身而論’此陳述係意欲使用作為與申請專利範 圍元件之詳述有關針對使用諸如”唯一地(solely ),,、”僅有 (only) ”及相似者’或是使用,,負面,,表示的先行詞基礎。 於此所提出的特定範圍係於該用語,,大約(ab〇ut),,之 前具有數值。於此使用的該用語,,大約(about) ”,針對其 之前的確切數字,以及接近或是大約為該用語之前的該^ 字的一數字提供字面上的支援。在確定一數字係接近或是 大約為一具體詳述的數字當中,該接近或是近似未詳述數 字,於提出的上下文中,可為一數字提供該具體詳述之 字之實質等同。 熟知此技藝之人士一經閱讀此揭示内容將為顯而易見 的是與此說明及圖示的每一個別觀點具有各別的構成成分 與特性,其可與任何的其他複數觀點之該等特性容易地^ 開或疋與之結合而不致背離本發明之範略及精神。任何詳 述的方法能夠在所詳述情況之順序,或是邏輯上可能的任 何其他順序下完成。 b 儘管該前述發明為了清楚地瞭解之目的已經由圖式及 實例稍微詳細地加以說明,但熟知此技藝之人士根據本發 明之4授内谷將容易地顯而易見,可對本發明作改變及$ 36 201034617 範圍之精神或範疇。 改而不至背離該等附加的申請專利 L圖式簡單說明】 圖1係為附裝至一醫療對象的—接 α 一 醫療對象吞下的-識別料元之—說雜實^兀以及由该 圖2A係為根據本發明之講授内容的圖 元的一橫截面側視圖。 ^識別盗早
圖2Β係為圖2Α之該識別 圖3係為圖2Α之該識別器 性組件方塊圖。 器單元的一俯視圖。 單元之該積體電路的一功能 圖4係為圖3之該積體電 組件方塊圖。 路的該探測單元的一功能性 圖5係為圖1之該接收器單元的一功能性組件方塊圖。 圖6係為圖1之該接收器單元的-方塊圖表示法。
圖7❻不-系統用於產生使用—接收器用以調整位置 的一識別器單元陣列。 【主要元件符號說明】 X 距離 20 接收器單元 22 識別器單元 24 體外數據處理 30 積體電路組件 37 201034617 32 上電極 34 下電極 36 信號放大元件 38 控制單元 39 連接器 40 探測單元 40a 電力線 40b 電力線 41 感應單元 42 背納二極體 44 電容器 46 電容器 48 電容器 50 電流路徑/放大器 52 帶通濾波器單元 54 峰值探測單元 56 圖案辨別單元 58 信號確認模組 60 IPG過濾器 62 生理參數過濾器 38 201034617
64 第二生理參數過濾器 70 處理單元 72 外殼 74 電極 76 線圈 80 放大器 84 解調器 85 記憶體單元 86 時鐘 87 電源 88 微處理器 89 傳達單元 92 識別器單元膠囊 92a 活性膠囊 94 胃腸道 96 接收器單元 98 體外數據處理器 39

Claims (1)

  1. 201034617 七、申請專利範圍: 〗.-種,測肌電活動的系統 器單元包含—傳於㈣⑶夠㈣電壓電位變化,其中該接收 及至少一 ^ ^ ^ Φ JLt- m , 、況至通位置以 -可ttr用以自—最近環境收集資訊;以及 了呑式識別器,其係與該接 別器包含: π态单几連通,其中該識 極; 外殼, 第一電極及一與之牢固的第二電 極,其中該控二變5 :::轉:至:f,第-及第二電 及 殳币/、弟—電極之間該傳導性,·以 1由“&測單7^ ’其與該第一及第二電極電性搞人, ,、中該探測單元讀取—周圍的環境用以收隼,° 模===該控制單元在廣播模式與探測 =申㈣1項之线,其巾於由該可吞式識別器 生的_有笔流特徵中加以編碼的該資訊係為識 訊’用以將該可吞式識別器之活化顯示至該接收器。 有電圍第1項之系統’其中於該可吞式識別器獨 集中加以編碼的該資訊代表於該探測階段崎 201034617 4. 如申請專利範園第1項之系統,其中該接收器單元進一步 包含一第二感應器電極,其係與該至少—感應器電極隔開1 5. 如申請專利範園® 4項之系、统,其中該接收器單元進一步 包含一探測模組其能夠探測由—電壓電位所產生的低頻率 電流信號,以及能夠探測由該可吞式識別器所產生的高頻率 電流信號。 6. 如申請專利範圍第1頊之系統,其中該可吞式識別器進— Ο 步包含一溫度感應單元能夠對周圍溫度有所反應並能夠記 錄。 。 7·如申請專利範圍第1頊之系統,其中該可吞式識別器包括 一感應器其能夠測量該碉圍溫度。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1頊之系統’其中該可吞式識別器包括 一感應器其能夠測量該周圍pH值水準。 9. 如申請專利範圍第1頊之系統,其進一步包含一第二可吞 式識別器,其中該第二<吞式識別器與該可吞式識別器通訊 Q 以致當該第二可吞式識別器通訊係處於廣播模式下時,該可 吞式識別器係處於探測模式從而容許該等可吞式識別器通 訊。 10.,申請專利範圍第9項之系統,其進一步包含一第二接收 斋單兀,包括至少三電極,其中該第二接收器單元之每一電 極傳輸一控制信號,其係由每一可吞式識別器單元加以探 測,用以在該醫療對象内產生一探測陣列,其中每广可吞式 識別益單元之該位置能夠被決定。 11.如申請專利範圍帛9項之系、统,其中該可吞式識別器測量 41 201034617 酸性狀況以及該第二可吞式識別器測量驗性狀況。 η.如申請專·圍第1項m其中該系統進-步包含一 體外數據處理器,其經組構用以接收源自 數據並由該純數據產生-電顿n造影。 13門如般申,專^範圍第1項之緒,其中該可吞式識別器包括 牢,該外殼’其中該圓盤係為非傳導性的,以 相顧式期㈣可吞式朗11靖與肌電活動 測模式期㈣ 於該廣播階段期間該可:/式識:植器=關= 的-獨有的電流特徵。 l亥數據加以編碼 ^一旦種療對象根據探測的肌電活動產生—電子臟 k衫的系統,該系統包含: 电于臟 接收益單元,其能夠探測與一 電位變化,其中該接收器單元包含:-療對象相關聯的· % 外殼,包括至少具有二電極盥 測與該醫療對象相關聯的電麗電位變化,/、之牛固,用於探 供-編碼訊息;以 =料接收趣探测的肌電資訊並提 一傳輸模組,其牢固至該外 性轉合’其中該傳輸模組自該處 接處理單元電 元的該經編魏息,· Μ 早70接收源自於該處理單 42 201034617 解碼糸統,其包含: 收器模組二=1輸模組通訊’其中該接 、、二傳輪、、扁碼的訊息並將該經傳輪編碼的讯 息解碼,用以產生一解碼訊息; ㈣ 電子臟器^示11模組,用於接收該經解魏息並產生該 Ο Ο Ij.如申請專利範圍第15項之系統,其進—步包含 早域該接收器單元通訊,其中該識別器單元包含識I 殼的;第二材料牢固至該外 傳導流體接觸時產料係經選定用以在與- 牢固她細n— 單元’其係電_合至該第—及第二材料’其中 ϋ由變該第—與第二材料之間的料路_以產生 此夠由_收!!單元所探測的—獨有的電流特徵。 專利乾圍第16項之系統’其中該識別器單元進- 單元,其電性耦合至該第—及第二材料,i令 ^才木測早凡碩取該周圍環境用以收集資訊。 如申請、專利範圍第17項之系統’其中該控制單元於廣播 杈式與探測模式之間切換該識別器單元。 、兴 如申明專利範15第丨8項之系統,其中該 :模收集與一植入式脈搏產生器相= ° 廣播模式期間該識別器單元產生包含與植入式脈 43 201034617 搏產生it㈣聯的資訊之該—财的電 爪如申請專利範固第18項之系統,发中兮職 環境相關的資訊係為肌電活動,以及其==周圍 一感應器探測—生理參數並將與該等生理參數相 數據與和肌電活動相_的數據結合,並,的遠 識別器單元產生包含該結合資訊之一獨有的;流期間該 44
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