RU2011110388A - Способ и система для проходки ствола скважины с использованием лазера большой мощности - Google Patents
Способ и система для проходки ствола скважины с использованием лазера большой мощности Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract 23
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 14
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 6
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
- E21B7/15—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling of electrically generated heat
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/10—Valve arrangements in drilling-fluid circulation systems
- E21B21/103—Down-hole by-pass valve arrangements, i.e. between the inside of the drill string and the annulus
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
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Abstract
1. Система высокомощного лазерного бурения для использования совместно с буровой установкой, буровой платформой, буровой вышкой, платформой спуска труб в скважину под давлением или буровой установкой с гибкой насосно-компрессорной трубой для проходки ствола скважины в твердой горной породе, содержащая генератор энергии лазерного излучения большой мощности, способный создавать лазерный пучок, имеющий, мощность, по меньшей мере, 20 кВт, компоновку низа бурильной колонны, имеющую оптический блок, выполненный с возможностью создания заданного профиля энергетического воздействия на поверхность ствола скважины и с возможностью создания заданного рисунка пятен падения лазерного пучка, средство для перемещения компоновки низа бурильной колонны в стволе скважины, скважинный кабель для передачи лазерного пучка большой мощности, имеющий длину, по меньшей мере, около 1000 фут (305 м), оптически связанный с лазерным генератором и оптически связанный с компоновкой низа бурильной колонны. ! 2. Система по п.1, в которой скважинный кабель и компоновка низа бурильной колонны выполнены с возможностью облучения поверхности ствола скважины лазерным пучком, имеющим мощность, по меньшей мере, около 5 кВт. ! 3. Система по п.1, в которой скважинный кабель и компоновка низа бурильной колонны выполнены с возможностью облучения поверхности ствола скважины лазерным пучком, имеющим мощность, по меньшей мере, около 10 кВт на компоновке низа бурильной колонны. ! 4. Система по п.1, в которой скважинный кабель и компоновка низа бурильной колонны выполнены с возможностью облучения поверхности ствола скважины лазерным пучком, имеющим мощность, по
Claims (37)
1. Система высокомощного лазерного бурения для использования совместно с буровой установкой, буровой платформой, буровой вышкой, платформой спуска труб в скважину под давлением или буровой установкой с гибкой насосно-компрессорной трубой для проходки ствола скважины в твердой горной породе, содержащая генератор энергии лазерного излучения большой мощности, способный создавать лазерный пучок, имеющий, мощность, по меньшей мере, 20 кВт, компоновку низа бурильной колонны, имеющую оптический блок, выполненный с возможностью создания заданного профиля энергетического воздействия на поверхность ствола скважины и с возможностью создания заданного рисунка пятен падения лазерного пучка, средство для перемещения компоновки низа бурильной колонны в стволе скважины, скважинный кабель для передачи лазерного пучка большой мощности, имеющий длину, по меньшей мере, около 1000 фут (305 м), оптически связанный с лазерным генератором и оптически связанный с компоновкой низа бурильной колонны.
2. Система по п.1, в которой скважинный кабель и компоновка низа бурильной колонны выполнены с возможностью облучения поверхности ствола скважины лазерным пучком, имеющим мощность, по меньшей мере, около 5 кВт.
3. Система по п.1, в которой скважинный кабель и компоновка низа бурильной колонны выполнены с возможностью облучения поверхности ствола скважины лазерным пучком, имеющим мощность, по меньшей мере, около 10 кВт на компоновке низа бурильной колонны.
4. Система по п.1, в которой скважинный кабель и компоновка низа бурильной колонны выполнены с возможностью облучения поверхности ствола скважины лазерным пучком, имеющим мощность, по меньшей мере, около 15 кВт на компоновке низа бурильной колонны.
5. Система по п.1, в которой скважинный кабель и компоновка низа бурильной колонны выполнены с возможностью облучения поверхности ствола скважины лазерным пучком, имеющим мощность, по меньшей мере, около 18 кВт на компоновке низа бурильной колонны.
6. Система по п.1, в которой скважинный кабель имеет длину, по меньшей мере, 1500 фут (458 м).
7 Система по п.1, в которой скважинный кабель имеет длину, по меньшей мере, 2000 фут (610 м).
8. Система по п.1, в которой скважинный кабель имеет длину, по меньшей мере, 3000 фут (915 м).
9. Система высокомощного лазерного бурения для использования совместно с буровой установкой, буровой платформой, буровой вышкой, платформой спуска труб в скважину под давлением или буровой установкой с гибкой насосно-компрессорной трубой для проходки ствола скважины, содержащая генератор энергии лазерного излучения большой мощности, содержащий лазер и способный создавать лазерный пучок, имеющий, мощность, по меньшей мере, 10 кВт, компоновку низа бурильной колонны, выполненную с возможностью создания заданного профиля энергетического воздействия энергии лазерного излучения на поверхность ствола скважины и с возможностью создания заданного рисунка пятен падения лазерного пучка, и содержащую оптический блок, средство для механического удаления материала ствола скважины, средство для перемещения компоновки низа бурильной колонны в стволе скважины, источник текучей среды, используемый в проходке ствола скважины, скважинный кабель для передачи лазерного пучка большой мощности, имеющий длину, по меньшей мере, около 1000 фут (305 м), оптически связанный с лазерным генератором и оптически связанный с оптическим блоком, при этом компоновка низа бурильной колонны сообщена с источником текучей среды, и энергия лазера большой мощности может быть подана на поверхность ствола скважины с мест в стволе скважины, расположенных на расстоянии, по меньшей мере, 1000 футов (305 м) от устья ствола скважины.
10. Система подачи высокомощной энергии лазерного излучения на забой стволов глубоких скважин, содержащая генератор энергии большой мощности, выполненный с возможностью создания лазерного пучка большой мощности, средство передачи лазерного пучка от генератора на забой ствола глубокой скважины, имеющее средство для подавления вынужденного рассеяния Бриллюэна, при этом, по существу вся энергия лазерного излучения большой мощности подается на забой ствола скважины.
11. Система по п.10, в которой ствол глубокой скважины имеет глубину, по меньшей мере, 5000 фут (1525 м).
12. Система по п.10, в которой генератор имеет мощность, по меньшей мере, 10 кВт.
13. Компоновка барабана для вращающегося соединения кабелей передачи энергии лазера большой мощности для использования в проходке стволов скважин, содержащая основание, барабан, опирающийся на основание через несущие нагрузку подшипники, гибкую насосно-компрессорную трубу, имеющую первый конец и второй конец и содержащую средство для передачи лазерного пучка большой мощности, при этом барабан содержит ось, вокруг которой наматывается гибкая насосно-компрессорная труба, и которая опирается на несущие нагрузку подшипники, первый не поворотный оптический соединитель для оптического соединения генератора с осью; второй поворотный оптический соединитель, оптически связанный с первым оптическим соединителем, при этом лазерный пучок может передаваться от первого оптического соединителя на второй оптический соединитель, и третий поворотный оптический соединитель, оптически связанный со вторым соединителем, и оптически связанный со средством для передачи лазерного пучка и связанный с осью, при этом барабан выполнен с возможностью передачи лазерного пучка от первого оптического соединителя через второй оптический соединитель и в средство для передачи лазерного пучка во время наматывания насосно-компрессорной трубы на барабан и сматывания с него с поддержанием достаточной мощности для проходки ствола скважины.
14. Система подачи высокомощной энергии лазерного излучения на забой ствола глубоких скважин, содержащая:
лазерный генератор большой мощности, способный создавать лазерный пучок большой мощности, средство передачи лазерного пучка от лазерного генератора на забой ствола глубокой скважины, имеющее средство для подавления эффекта нелинейного рассеяния, при этом энергия лазерного излучения большой мощности подается на забой ствола скважины с достаточной мощностью для проходки ствола скважины.
15. Система подачи высокомощной энергии лазерного излучения на забой ствола глубоких скважин, содержащая лазер большой мощности, способный создавать лазерный пучок большой мощности, средство передачи лазерного пучка от лазера на забой ствола глубокой скважины, имеющее средство для увеличения максимальной передаваемой мощности, при этом энергия лазерного излучения большой мощности подается на забой ствола скважины с достаточной мощностью для проходки.
16. Система подачи высокомощной энергии лазерного излучения на забой ствола глубоких скважин, содержащая лазер большой мощности, способный создавать лазерный пучок большой мощности, средство передачи лазерного пучка от лазера на забой ствола глубокой скважины, имеющее средство для увеличения порога мощности, при этом энергия лазерного излучения большой мощности подается на забой ствола скважины с достаточной мощностью для проходки ствола скважины.
17. Способ проходки ствола скважины с использованием лазера, содержащий следующие стадии:
перемещение волоконного средства передачи лазерного пучка большой мощности в ствол скважины, имеющий поверхность забоя, отверстие на устье и расстояние между поверхностью забоя и отверстием на устье, составляющее, по меньшей мере, около 1000 фут (305 м), при этом волоконное средство для передачи лазерного пучка имеет дальний конец, ближний конец, и расстояние между дальним и ближним концами, причем дальний конец перемещается в стволе скважины и содержит средство для подавления эффекта нелинейного рассеяния;
подача лазерного пучка большой мощности на ближний конец волокна;
передача мощности лазерного пучка по длине волокна передачи так, что пучок выходит на его дальнем конце; и
направление лазерного пучка на поверхность забоя ствола скважины, при этом увеличивается длина ствола скважины, частично, на основе взаимодействия лазерного пучка с забоем ствола скважины.
18. Система высокомощного лазерного бурения для проходки ствола скважины, содержащая генератор энергии лазерного излучения большой мощности, способный создавать лазерный пучок, имеющий мощность, по меньшей мере, 5 кВт, компоновку насосно-компрессорной трубы, имеющую длину насосно-компрессорной трубы, по меньшей мере, 1000 фут (305 м), имеющую дальний конец и ближний конец, оптически связанный с генератором, при этом лазерный пучок может передаваться совместно с насосно-компрессорной трубой, насосно-компрессорная труба содержит кабель для передачи лазерного пучка большой мощности, имеющий дальний конец и ближний конец, оптически связанный с генератором, при этом лазерный пучок передается по кабелю от его ближнего конца на дальний для подачи энергии лазерного пучка в ствол скважины, и мощность энергии лазерного излучения на дальнем конце кабеля при его нахождении в стволе скважины составляет, по меньшей мере, около 2 кВт.
19. Лазерная компоновка низа бурильной колонны, содержащая первый поворотный кожух, второй закрепленный кожух, при этом первый кожух связан со вторым кожухом с возможностью вращения, кабель из оптического волокна для передачи лазерного пучка, имеющий ближний конец и дальний конец, при этом ближний конец выполнен с возможностью приема лазерного пучка от лазерного генератора, а дальний конец оптически связанный с оптическим блоком, по меньшей мере, участок оптического блока соединен с первым поворотным кожухом и способен вращаться совместно с первым кожухом, механическую компоновку, скрепленную с первым поворотным кожухом и способную вращаться совместно с первым кожухом и прилагать механические силы к поверхности ствола скважины при вращении, и канал текучей среды, связанный с первым и вторым кожухами и имеющий дальнее и ближнее отверстия, при этом дальнее отверстие предназначено для выброса текучей среды к поверхности ствола скважины, и текучая среда для удаления отходов передается по каналу текучей среды и выбрасывается из дальнего отверстия к поверхности ствола скважины для удаления отходов из ствола скважины.
20. Компоновка по п.19, в которой участок оптического блока, выполненный с возможностью вращения, содержит оптику придания формы пучку.
21. Компоновка по п.19, в которой участок оптического блока, выполненный с возможностью вращения, содержит сканнер.
22. Компоновка по п.19, в которой механическая компоновка содержит буровое долото.
23. Компоновка по п.19, в которой механическая компоновка содержит трехшарошечное буровое долото.
24. Компоновка по п.19, в которой механическая компоновка содержит долото с поликристаллическими алмазными вставками.
25. Система для создания ствола скважины в грунте, содержащая лазерный генератор большой мощности, компоновку низа бурильной колонны и,
соединение с помощью волоконной оптики лазерного генератора с компоновкой низа бурильной колонны, при этом лазерный пучок от лазерного генератора передается на компоновку низа бурильной колонны, при этом компоновка низа бурильной колонны содержит: средство для подачи лазерного пучка на поверхность забоя ствола скважины, содержащее оптику создания энергетического воздействия пучка и выполненное с возможностью создания заданного профиля энергетического воздействия, при этом лазерный пучок, подаваемый из компоновки низа бурильной колонны, облучает поверхность забоя ствола скважины с заданным профилем энергетического воздействия.
26. Система по п.25, в которой заданный профиль энергетического воздействия является смещенным к внешней области поверхности ствола скважины.
27. Система по п.25, в которой заданный профиль энергетического воздействия является смещенным к внутренней области поверхности ствола скважины.
28. Система по п.25, в которой заданный профиль энергетического воздействия содержит, по меньшей мере, две концентрические области, имеющие отличающиеся профили энергетического воздействия.
29. Система по п.25, в которой заданный профиль энергетического воздействия создан рядом рисунков пятен падения лазерного пучка.
30. Система по п.25, в которой заданный профиль энергетического воздействия создан рисунком рассеянных пятен падения лазерного пучка.
31. Система по п.25, содержащая механическое средство удаления.
32. Система по п.31, в которой заданный профиль энергетического воздействия основан на механических напряжениях, создаваемых механическим средством удаления.
33. Система по п.31, в которой заданный профиль энергетического воздействия имеет, по меньшей мере, две области различной энергии, и энергии в областях обратно пропорциональны механическим силам, прикладываемым механическим средством.
34. Способ проходки ствола скважины с использованием лазера, содержащий следующие стадии:
перемещение волоконного средства передачи лазерного пучка большой мощности в ствол скважины, имеющий поверхность забоя, отверстие на устье и расстояние между поверхностью забоя и отверстием на устье, составляющее, по меньшей мере, около 1000 фут (305 м), при этом волоконное средство передачи имеет дальний конец, ближний конец и расстояние между дальним и ближним концами, причем дальний конец перемещается в стволе скважины;
подача лазерного пучка большой мощности на ближний конец средства передачи лазерного пучка;
передача мощности лазерного пучка по длине волоконного средства передачи так, что пучок выходит на его дальнем конце и входит в лазерную компоновку низа бурильной колонны;
направление лазерного пучка на поверхность забоя ствола скважины с, по существу, одинаковым профилем энергетического воздействия, при этом увеличивается длина ствола скважины, частично, на основе взаимодействия лазерного пучка с забоем ствола скважины.
35. Способ удаления обломков породы из ствола скважины при лазерном бурении ствола скважины, содержащий следующие стадии:
направление лазерного пучка, имеющего длину волны и мощность, составляющую, по меньшей мере, около 10 кВт, в ствол скважины и к поверхности ствола скважины, расположенной на, по меньшей мере, глубине, составляющей 1000 фут (305 м) в ствол скважины, при этом лазерный пучок облучает область поверхности и перемещает материал с поверхности в области облучения;
направление текучей среды в ствол скважины и на поверхность ствола скважины, при этом текучая среда, по существу, пропускает длину волны лазера и имеет первый и второй путь потока;
прохождение текучей среды по первому пути потока и удаление перемещенного материала из зоны облучения со скоростью, достаточной для предотвращения создания препятствия лазерному облучению области облучения; и,
прохождение текучей среды по второму пути потока и удаление перемещенного материала из ствола скважины.
36. Способ удаления обломков породы из ствола скважины при лазерном бурении ствола скважины, содержащий следующие стадии:
направление лазерного пучка к поверхности ствола скважины;
облучение области поверхности ствола скважины;
перемещение материала из зоны облучения;
подача текучей среды;
направление текучей среды по первому пути потока к первой области в стволе скважины;
направление текучей среды по второму пути потока ко второй области;
увеличение потока текучей среды во втором пути потока;
удаление направленной текучей средой перемещенного материала из зоны облучения со скоростью, достаточной для предотвращения создания препятствия лазерному облучению материала; и
увеличенное удаление текучей средой перемещенного материала из ствола скважины.
37. Лазерная компоновка низа бурильной колонны для бурения ствола скважины в земле, содержащая кожух, оптику для придания формы лазерному пучку, отверстие для подачи лазерного пучка для облучения поверхности ствола скважины, первое отверстие для текучей среды в кожухе, второе отверстие для текучей среды в кожухе, содержащее усилитель потока текучей среды.
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