PL145947B1 - Method of and apparatus for making glazed ceramic tiles - Google Patents
Method of and apparatus for making glazed ceramic tiles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- PL145947B1 PL145947B1 PL1986258041A PL25804186A PL145947B1 PL 145947 B1 PL145947 B1 PL 145947B1 PL 1986258041 A PL1986258041 A PL 1986258041A PL 25804186 A PL25804186 A PL 25804186A PL 145947 B1 PL145947 B1 PL 145947B1
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- glaze
- ceramic
- furnace
- temperature
- phase
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/24—Manufacture of porcelain or white ware
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
- B28B11/044—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with glaze or engobe or enamel or varnish
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
- B28B11/047—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers by pooring, e.g. curtain coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
- B28B11/049—Recycling of the coating material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
- B28B11/243—Setting, e.g. drying, dehydrating or firing ceramic articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/86—Glazes; Cold glazes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
- Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Claims (1)
1. Zastrzezenia patentowe 1. • Sposób wytwarzania glazurowanych plytek ceramicznych z surowych elementów ceramicz¬ nych, polegajaoy na umieszczeniu elementów ceramicznych w piecu 1 przeprowadzeniu pierw¬ szej fazy obróbki oleplnej, w wyniku której zasadniczo zakonczone zostaja reakcje wypala¬ nia materialu ceramicznego oraz na przeprowadzeniu drugiej fazy obróbki cieplnej, obejmu¬ jacej stopniowe ostateczne ochladzanie, znamienny tym, ze pomiedzy pierwsza a druga faza obróbki cieplnej na element ceramiczny, zasadniozo w koncowej temperaturze, Ja¬ ka element ten osiagnal w pierwszej fazie obróbki cieplnej, nanosi sie suche, sypkie szkli¬ wo, po czym element ceramiczny doprowadza sie we wstepnej ozesci drugiej fazy do tempera¬ tury wystarozajacej do zeszklenia szkliwa na skutek stopienia co najmniej jednego z jego skladników.1^5 9^7 92. * Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1, znam lenny tym, ze po zakonczeniu pierwszej fa¬ zy obróbki cieplnej rozzarzony element ceramiczny w stanie plastycznym przeprowadza sie do fazy nanoszenia szkliwa.3. « Sposób wedlug zastrz* 1, znamienny tym, ze faza nanoszenia szkliwa prze¬ prowadza sie w otoczeniu o temperaturze nizszej od temperatury zeszklenia szkliwa*4. * Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, ze nanoszenie szkliwa na ele¬ ment oeramlozny prowadzi sle w wyniku swobodnego opadania na element ceramiczny, który przesuwa sie w kierunku poziomym pod urzadzeniem dozujacym szkliwo*5. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, ze element ceramiczny wprowadza sie do fazy nanoszenia szkliwa w temperaturze wyzszej od temperatury zeszklenia szkliwa.6. Urzadzenie do wytwarzania glazurowanych plytek ceramicznych, stanowiace pleo lub ko¬ more do wypalania, do której wprowadza sie surowe elementy ceramiczne, skladajace sie z pierwszego segmentu urzadzenia stanowiacego piec do ogrzewania elementów ceramicznyoh az do zasadniozego zakonozenla reakcji wypalania oraz z drugiego segmentu pieca wyposazonego w urzadzenie do regulacji temperatury, pozwalajace utrzymywac plytki ceramiczne w kontro¬ lowanej i obnizajaoej sle temperaturze, zapewniajac stopniowe ich stygniecie oraz w urza¬ dzenie do przesuwania elementów kolejno wzdluz pierwszego i drugiego segmentu pieoa, znamienne tym, ze pomiedzy pierwszym i drugim segmentem pieca /11 1 17/ znaj¬ duje sie stanowisko szkliwienia /12/ wyposazone w urzadzenie /\h/ do przenoszenia plytek z wylotu pierwszego segmentu pieca do wlotu do drugiego segmentu pieoa oraz urzadzenie /20/ do rozprowadzania suchego sypkiego szkliwa na elementach ceramicznych przenoszonych za po¬ moca urzadzenia transportujacego*7. * Urzadzenie wedlug zastrz* 6, znamienne tym, ze urzadzenie do rozprowa¬ dzania szkliwa /20/ usytuowane jest w otoczeniu, w którym znajduja sie urzadzenia /15/ re- gulujaoe temperature, za pomoca których utrzymuje sie temperature tego otoozenia na pozio¬ mie nizszym od temperatury, w której szkliwo ulega zeszkleniu oraz zmianom fizyoznym i che¬ micznym •8. Urzadzenie wedlug zastrz. 6, znamienne tym, ze urzadzenie /20/ do roz¬ prowadzania szkliwa na elementaoh oeramloznyoh obejmuje urzadzenie dozujace /22/ szkliwo praoujaoe na calej szerokosci urzadzenia przesuwajacego plytki*9. * Urzadzenie wedlug zastrz* 6, znamienne tym, ze piec stanowi jednowarst¬ wowy piec typu rolkowego*10. * Urzadzenie wedlug zastrz. 6, znamienne tym, ze urzadzenie /l*l/ przesu¬ wajace plytki tworzy nieciagla powierzchnie podtrzymujaca plytki, które nie stykaja sie ze soba i sa podparte w kilku punktach oraz obejmuje urzadzenie dozujace /22/ rozprowadzaja¬ ce szkliwo na calej szerokosci urzadzenia przesuwajacego i kolektor /23/, zbierajacy szkli¬ wo opadajace w obszarach miedzy nie stykajacymi sie ze soba plytkami*1*l5 9**7 EjgJ „ Ir—-J- 12 U -£¦ 17 18 ^ T °C 1200 100Q 800 600 40Q 200 0 ^^^ EigJ ^^ n ^ y^ \ ^ \ X ,'fe) fe) fe)'® ®'0 W W'® ©'<• © «'@ ©'tfSS'0 ©'©S®* © ®' 0V23 ST© ® ©55® © (o) ®5T5) ® ^^iiiiiiiiiiiiii im^^Bt^i^oa Pracownia Poligraficzna UP PRL. Naklad 100 egz. Cena 220 zl PL PL PL PL
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT19589/85A IT1183389B (it) | 1985-02-21 | 1985-02-21 | Procedimento e immpianto per la produzione di piastrelle ceramiche smaltate, e piastrelle cosi'ottenute |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
PL258041A1 PL258041A1 (en) | 1987-06-01 |
PL145947B1 true PL145947B1 (en) | 1988-11-30 |
Family
ID=11159274
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PL1986258041A PL145947B1 (en) | 1985-02-21 | 1986-02-20 | Method of and apparatus for making glazed ceramic tiles |
Country Status (40)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4805551A (pl) |
JP (1) | JPS61197462A (pl) |
KR (1) | KR930012000B1 (pl) |
CN (1) | CN86100369A (pl) |
AT (1) | AT392266B (pl) |
AU (1) | AU595181B2 (pl) |
BE (1) | BE904106A (pl) |
BG (1) | BG47797A3 (pl) |
BR (1) | BR8600685A (pl) |
CA (1) | CA1274070A (pl) |
CH (1) | CH666652A5 (pl) |
CS (1) | CS262665B2 (pl) |
DD (1) | DD246536A5 (pl) |
DE (1) | DE3605127A1 (pl) |
DK (1) | DK166318C (pl) |
EG (1) | EG17474A (pl) |
ES (1) | ES8704437A1 (pl) |
FI (1) | FI84169C (pl) |
FR (1) | FR2577547B1 (pl) |
GB (1) | GB2171402B (pl) |
GR (1) | GR860289B (pl) |
HK (1) | HK78289A (pl) |
HU (1) | HU210044B (pl) |
IE (1) | IE57209B1 (pl) |
IN (1) | IN164647B (pl) |
IT (1) | IT1183389B (pl) |
LU (1) | LU86312A1 (pl) |
MA (1) | MA20634A1 (pl) |
MX (1) | MX170068B (pl) |
NL (1) | NL191934C (pl) |
NO (1) | NO169534C (pl) |
NZ (1) | NZ215207A (pl) |
PH (1) | PH23816A (pl) |
PL (1) | PL145947B1 (pl) |
PT (1) | PT81873B (pl) |
SE (1) | SE467096B (pl) |
SG (1) | SG26789G (pl) |
TN (1) | TNSN86030A1 (pl) |
YU (1) | YU45769B (pl) |
ZA (1) | ZA8671B (pl) |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2006499A6 (es) * | 1986-09-24 | 1989-05-01 | Azienda Srl | Metodo para la realizacion de una baldosa ceramica vitrificada o esmaltada |
DE8806156U1 (de) * | 1988-05-09 | 1989-09-07 | Michael Voit GmbH, 95163 Weißenstadt | Maschine zum Glasieren von Ton- und Porzellanwaren und Werkstückhalter hierfür |
IT1239945B (it) * | 1990-03-09 | 1993-11-27 | Marazzi Ceramica | Composizione vetrosa ceramizzabile ad elevata velocita' di cristallizzazione per il rivestimento di pezzi ceramici, in particolare piastrelle |
US5330939A (en) * | 1990-03-09 | 1994-07-19 | Ceramica Filippo Marazzi S.P.A. | Method of preparing vitreous ceramic composition suitable for coating ceramic articles |
IT1262626B (it) * | 1993-06-04 | 1996-07-04 | Lepido Caselli | Cabina perfezionata per la smaltatura di prodotti ceramici,in particolare piastrelle. |
IT1262646B (it) * | 1993-07-29 | 1996-07-04 | Simec S R L | Cabina di smaltatura di prodotti ceramici di tipo autopulente. |
US6066363A (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 2000-05-23 | Kabushiki Kaisha Ssc | Method for forming a coating of glass over a ceramic |
IT1294922B1 (it) * | 1997-09-19 | 1999-04-23 | Francesco Marchetti | Procedimento per la colorazione compenetrata dei decori nei supporti per la produzione di piastrelle ceramiche. |
EP0931773B1 (en) | 1997-11-27 | 2003-03-26 | Ferro (Italia) s.r.l. | Ceramic tile and glaze for use thereon |
DE19837842A1 (de) * | 1998-08-20 | 2000-02-24 | Jahn Karin Barbara | Verfahren zur farblichen Gestaltung von gebrannten Keramikkörpern, vorzugsweise von Fliesen und Sanitärkeramik |
US6288377B1 (en) * | 1999-09-22 | 2001-09-11 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Varnish oven for manufacturing process |
IT1319294B1 (it) * | 2001-03-05 | 2003-10-10 | Giovanni Ria | Tesserine in ceramica per mosaico facile. |
EP1281495A1 (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-05 | AIR POWER DIVISION GROUP S.r.l. | Method for decorating tiles and the like, and device for carrying out said method |
US6534427B1 (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2003-03-18 | Christian R. Quemere | Night glow glaze for ceramics |
KR100894718B1 (ko) * | 2008-02-15 | 2009-04-24 | 아이에스동서 주식회사 | 세라믹 숯 타일 및 이의 제조방법 |
EP2266769A1 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2010-12-29 | Iniziativa Otto S.r.l. | A process for manufacturing very slim ceramic tiles |
KR101687646B1 (ko) * | 2015-04-09 | 2016-12-19 | 강무창 | 유동성 유약이 시유된 도자기의 소성용 받침대 |
IT201600071139A1 (it) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-01-07 | Target S R L | Procedimento per l’ottenimento di lastre ceramiche smaltate di rivestimento aventi grandi dimensioni e ridotto spessore |
RU167972U1 (ru) * | 2016-07-11 | 2017-01-13 | Автономная некоммерческая организация высшего образования "Белгородский университет кооперации, экономики и права" | Устройство для глазурования керамической облицовочной плитки |
CN106495742B (zh) * | 2016-11-07 | 2019-09-24 | 美丽大道有限公司 | 抗蜡块粘结釉料、抗蜡块粘结陶瓷及其制备工艺 |
CN108556124B (zh) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-11-15 | 广东昌隆陶瓷股份有限公司 | 一种陶瓷上釉工艺 |
CN108394009A (zh) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-08-14 | 钦州学院 | 陶瓷制品喷釉装置 |
IT201900001911A1 (it) * | 2019-02-11 | 2020-08-11 | Graf S P A | Procedimento per la decorazione di piastrelle |
CN115368167B (zh) * | 2022-08-26 | 2023-05-30 | 佛山市东鹏陶瓷有限公司 | 一种耐磨抛釉砖及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1539833A (en) * | 1924-06-26 | 1925-06-02 | Frank A Fahrenwald | Conveyer roll for furnace use |
US2347535A (en) * | 1938-11-29 | 1944-04-25 | Norbert S Garbisch | Manufacture of glazed ceramic bodies |
US2962381A (en) * | 1957-07-02 | 1960-11-29 | Congoleum Nairn Inc | Segment wheel feeder |
US3014812A (en) * | 1958-11-21 | 1961-12-26 | Bird & Son | Method and apparatus for spreading particles |
DE1253136B (de) * | 1965-05-14 | 1967-10-26 | Villeroy & Boch | Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Brennen und Glasieren keramischer Wandfliesen |
GB1202766A (en) * | 1968-07-23 | 1970-08-19 | Golden Wonder Ltd | Apparatus for distributing powder |
DE2210066C3 (de) * | 1972-03-02 | 1974-10-24 | Intercooperation Kereskedelemfejlesztesi Rt, Budapest | Verfahren zur Oberflächenfärbung von Werkstücken aus keramischen Stoffen |
NL7315040A (pl) * | 1972-11-13 | 1974-05-15 | ||
GB1454263A (en) * | 1972-12-19 | 1976-11-03 | Hilton K W | Manufacture of ceramic articles |
US3908591A (en) * | 1974-04-29 | 1975-09-30 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for treating sheet material |
DE3319396C2 (de) * | 1983-05-28 | 1985-04-04 | VGT AG, 3432 Großalmerode | Ofenanlage mit einem Ofen und einer Fördereinrichtung |
US4550680A (en) * | 1984-11-19 | 1985-11-05 | Rca Corporation | Apparatus for applying a layer of powder to a surface |
-
1985
- 1985-02-21 IT IT19589/85A patent/IT1183389B/it active
- 1985-12-31 CH CH5570/85A patent/CH666652A5/it not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1986
- 1986-01-06 ZA ZA8671A patent/ZA8671B/xx unknown
- 1986-01-08 CA CA000499194A patent/CA1274070A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-01-09 GB GB08600437A patent/GB2171402B/en not_active Expired
- 1986-01-16 IE IE137/86A patent/IE57209B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-01-20 PT PT81873A patent/PT81873B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-01-23 FR FR868600931A patent/FR2577547B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-01-27 BE BE0/216177A patent/BE904106A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-01-30 GR GR860289A patent/GR860289B/el unknown
- 1986-02-04 PH PH33377A patent/PH23816A/en unknown
- 1986-02-06 IN IN84/CAL/86A patent/IN164647B/en unknown
- 1986-02-11 AT AT336/86A patent/AT392266B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-02-11 ES ES551829A patent/ES8704437A1/es not_active Expired
- 1986-02-12 FI FI860636A patent/FI84169C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-02-12 AU AU53474/86A patent/AU595181B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-02-14 JP JP61030619A patent/JPS61197462A/ja active Granted
- 1986-02-18 SE SE8600724A patent/SE467096B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-02-18 NZ NZ215207A patent/NZ215207A/xx unknown
- 1986-02-18 DE DE19863605127 patent/DE3605127A1/de active Granted
- 1986-02-18 EG EG78/86A patent/EG17474A/xx active
- 1986-02-18 CS CS861120A patent/CS262665B2/cs unknown
- 1986-02-18 BR BR8600685A patent/BR8600685A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-02-19 DD DD86287163A patent/DD246536A5/de unknown
- 1986-02-19 YU YU25486A patent/YU45769B/sh unknown
- 1986-02-19 MX MX001589A patent/MX170068B/es unknown
- 1986-02-19 LU LU86312A patent/LU86312A1/fr unknown
- 1986-02-20 DK DK078586A patent/DK166318C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-02-20 NO NO860639A patent/NO169534C/no unknown
- 1986-02-20 CN CN198686100369A patent/CN86100369A/zh active Pending
- 1986-02-20 PL PL1986258041A patent/PL145947B1/pl unknown
- 1986-02-20 MA MA20859A patent/MA20634A1/fr unknown
- 1986-02-20 HU HU86716A patent/HU210044B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-02-20 BG BG073685A patent/BG47797A3/xx unknown
- 1986-02-21 NL NL8600442A patent/NL191934C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-02-21 TN TNTNSN86030A patent/TNSN86030A1/fr unknown
- 1986-02-21 KR KR1019860001214A patent/KR930012000B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1987
- 1987-09-22 US US07/099,479 patent/US4805551A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-04-21 SG SG267/89A patent/SG26789G/en unknown
- 1989-10-05 HK HK782/89A patent/HK78289A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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