NO344726B1 - Film eller flerlagssystem omfattende ß-krystallinske polypropylener - Google Patents
Film eller flerlagssystem omfattende ß-krystallinske polypropylener Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO344726B1 NO344726B1 NO20045482A NO20045482A NO344726B1 NO 344726 B1 NO344726 B1 NO 344726B1 NO 20045482 A NO20045482 A NO 20045482A NO 20045482 A NO20045482 A NO 20045482A NO 344726 B1 NO344726 B1 NO 344726B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- sub
- alkyl
- substituted
- hydroxy
- tert
- Prior art date
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- -1 polypropylenes Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 202
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000004210 cyclohexylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004736 wide-angle X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000006569 (C5-C6) heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000003884 phenylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 52
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005629 polypropylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002397 thermoplastic olefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004200 2-methoxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004951 trihalomethoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004953 trihalomethyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000027 (C1-C10) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- SDRZFSPCVYEJTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylcyclohexene Chemical compound C=CC1=CCCCC1 SDRZFSPCVYEJTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- LDLDYFCCDKENPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclohexane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCCC1 LDLDYFCCDKENPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005630 polypropylene random copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003518 norbornenyl group Chemical class C12(C=CC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- OJYGBLRPYBAHRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N alphachloralose Chemical compound O1C(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)OC2C(O)C(C(O)CO)OC21 OJYGBLRPYBAHRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 18
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 9
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 9
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 8
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-DYCDLGHISA-N trifluoroacetic acid-d1 Chemical compound [2H]OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-DYCDLGHISA-N 0.000 description 6
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl-ethylene Natural products C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-APPZFPTMSA-N (1S,4R)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C1C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-APPZFPTMSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BPXVHIRIPLPOPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound OCCN1C(=O)N(CCO)C(=O)N(CCO)C1=O BPXVHIRIPLPOPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-Nonanediol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCO ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-undecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC=C DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YEWBOZCFGXOUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-4-ylmethanol Chemical compound C1OP2OCC1(CO)CO2 YEWBOZCFGXOUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZPIRWAHWDCHWLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylsulfanylethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSCCO ZPIRWAHWDCHWLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CKPKHTKLLYPGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,6-dimethylheptane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CC(CCCCC(O)O)(C)C CKPKHTKLLYPGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC(C(Cl)=O)=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisoctrizole Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC=CC2=NN1C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C=2)C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)O)=C1O FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 4
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- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical group [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BHRZNVHARXXAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylamine Chemical compound CCC(C)N BHRZNVHARXXAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJRHDFLHUATAOS-DPMBMXLASA-M sodium ricinoleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O IJRHDFLHUATAOS-DPMBMXLASA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940074404 sodium succinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium succinate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000638 styrene acrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(N)=O)C=C1 MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZNAAUDJKMURFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CC(C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1)C(C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1)CC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 NZNAAUDJKMURFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000984 tocofersolan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AOBORMOPSGHCAX-DGHZZKTQSA-N tocofersolan Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C AOBORMOPSGHCAX-DGHZZKTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019149 tocopherols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCN ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INNSFNJTGFCSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl 2-[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylsulfanyl]acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CSCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 INNSFNJTGFCSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCC IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctadecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001862 ultra low molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001866 very low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011590 β-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007680 β-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002478 γ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical class OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002446 δ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- C08K5/18—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds with aromatically bound amino groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/20—Carboxylic acid amides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/46—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyolefins
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår monoaksialt orientert film eller biaksialt orientert film som er dannet ved strekking av en film inneholdende en sammensetning som inneholder en polykrystallinsk polypropylenharpiks og et eller flere trimesinsyrederivater som nukleeringsmiddel for dannelse av β-krystallformen og flerlagssystem fremstilt fra en polypropylenharpiks som inneholder β-formkrystallene.
Det er kjent ved krystallinsk polypropylen kan opptre i α, β, γ og δ krystallformer så vel som i smektisk krystallform som dannes ved bråkjøling av smeltet polypropylen.
β-krystallformen (heretter referert til som " β -form") er forskjellig fra den mer vanlige α-formen for eksempel finnes i vanlig naturlig pellets ved den har lavere smeltepunkt og tetthet, for ikke å snakke om forskjeller i krystalliseringsmodus og fraktur, og således er av interesse på grunn av anvendelsen.
β-formen av polypropylen er mindre stabil sammenlignet med den korresponderende α-formen under vanlige prosesseringsbetingelser. Når smelter av polypropylen ekstruderes og deretter avkjøles, tenderer α-formen av polypropylen å dominere.
Imidlertid kan polypropylen som inneholder høy mengde β-form fremstilles ved tilsetning av et passende nukleeringsmiddel som induserer dannelsen av β-formen når polypropylenet er smeltet og etterfølgende avkjølt.
US-B-6.235.823 beskriver anvendelsen av diamidforbindelser som β-nukleeringsmidler. EP-A-940.431 og JP-A-Hei 06/192.496 beskriver anvendelsen av flere trimesinsyrederivater som nukleeringsmidler generelt, imidlertid uten å differensiere mellom flere krystallformer. Ikke noe nukleeringsmiddel for polypropylenharpikser inkluderer nødvendigvis dannelsen av β-krystallformen.
EP-A-865.914 og EP-A-865.911 beskriver polyolefinfilmer. Polybuten-1 harpikssammensetninger er beskrevet i EP-A-776.933, og porøse strekkede artikler av polypropylenbaseharpiks er beskrevet i EP-A-632.095.
NO 20032514 ble inngitt tidligere enn foreliggende søknad, men dato for publisering var etter foreliggende søknads proiritetsdato, det kreves derfor kun nyhet overfor NO 20032514. NO 20032514 beskriver et krystalliserbart propylenpolymermateriale inneholdende et kjernedannende middel. Polypropylenblandingen inneholder komponentene: a) en krystalliserbar polypropylenhomopolymer, tilfeldig kopolymer, alternerende eller segmentert kopolymer, blokk-kopolymer eller en blanding av polypropylen med en annen syntetisk polymer, og b) 0,001 til 5% i forhold til vekten til komponent (a) , av et spesifikt trimesinsyrederivat.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår særlig en monoaksialt orientert film eller biaksialt orientert film som er dannet ved strekking av en film inneholdende en sammensetning som inneholder
(1) en krystallinsk polypropylenharpiks og
(2) et eller flere β-nukleeringsmidler med formel (I),
hvori
R1, R2og R3, uavhengig av hverandre, er
C1-C20alkyl,
C2-C20alkyl substituert med C1-C10alkylamino, di(C1-C10alkyl)amino, C1-C10alkyloksy eller hydroksy;
C3-C20alkenyl,
C5-C12cykloalkyl,
C5-C12cykloalkyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C10alkyl;
cykloheksylmetyl;
cykloheksylmetyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C10alkyl;
C5-C9cykloalkenyl,
C5-C9cykloalkenyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C10alkyl;
fenyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 radikaler utvalgt fra gruppen som består av
C1-C10alkyl, C1-C10alkyloksy, hydroksy, halogen, trihalogenmetyl, trihalogenmetoksy, benzoyl, fenylamino, acylamino og fenylazo;
C7-C9fenylalkyl,
C7-C9fenylalkyl som er substituert på fenylet med 1, 2 eller 3 radikaler utvalgt fra gruppen som består av C1-C10alkyl, C1-C10alkoksy og hydroksy;
naftyl,
naftyl substituert med C1-C10alkyl;
adamantyl, eller
en 5 til 6 leddet heterocyklisk gruppe;
kjennetegnet ved polypropylenharpiks har et innhold av β-formkrystaller på minst 10%, for eksempel minst 20% eller 30% eller 40% eller 50% eller 60% eller 70% eller 80% eller 90% eller 95%, beregnet ved følgende ligning
�
β-formkrystallinnhold (%) = 100 x P β 1/(P α 1 P α2+ P α3+ P β 1)
hvor P α 1� til P α3er respektive topphøyder (maxima) til α-formen og P β 1 er en topphøyde (maksimum) til β-formen bestemt med bredvinkel røntgenspredning.
P β 1 er en refleksjonsintensitet (høyde) på (300) plan av β-formkrystall.�
P α 1 er en refleksjonsintensitet (høyde) på (110) plan av α-formkrystall.�
P α 2 er en refleksjonsintensitet (høyde) på (040) plan av α-formkrystall.�
P α 3 er en refleksjonsintensitet (høyde) på (130) plan av α-formkrystall.�
β-form krystallinnholdet kan bestemmes som beskrevet av A. Turner Jones et al. i Makromol. Chem. 75, 134 (1964) eller som beskrevet i US-A-5.491.188.
I den krystallinske polypropylenharpiksen har 10 % eller mer av β-formkrystallinnholdet bestemt ved bredvinkel røntgenspredning blitt funnet i minst en retning.
Foretrukket er β-formkrystallene i polypropylenharpiksen faste og/eller herdet ved omgivelses-temperatur eller ved temperaturene (TS)
TS≤ Tcr+ 35°C
Tcrer rekrystallisasjonstemperaturen til polypropylenharpiks (komponent (1)) uten et βnukleringsmiddel som bestemmes ved differensiell skanningkalorimetri (DSC) ved avkjøling av den smeltede polypropylenharpiksen ved en avkjølingshastighet på 10 K/min.
Eksempler på egnede størknings- og/eller herdetemperaturer TSer:
(Tcrminus 120°C) til (Tcrpluss 35°C)
(Tcrminus 100°C) til (Tcrpluss 35°C)
(Tcrminus 80°C) til (Tcrpluss 35°C)
(Tcrminus 60°C) til (Tcrpluss 35°C)
(Tcrminus 40°C) til (Tcrpluss 35°C)
(Tcrminus 20°C) til (Tcrpluss 35°C)
Tcrtil (Tcrpluss 35°C)
(Tcrminus 150°C) til (Tcrminus 100°C)
(Tcrminus 120°C) til (Tcrminus 80°C)
(Tcrminus 120°C) til (Tcrminus 60°C)
(Tcrminus 120°C) til (Tcrminus 40°C)
(Tcrminus 120°C) til (Tcrminus 20°C)
(Tcrminus 120°C) til Tcr
(Tcrminus 90°C) til (Tcrminus 80°C)
(Tcrminus 90°C) til (Tcrminus 60°C)
(Tcrminus 90°C) til (Tcrminus 40°C)
(Tcrminus 90°C) til (Tcrminus 20°C)
(Tcrminus 90°C) til Tcr
Følgende størknings- og/eller herdetemperaturer TSer foretrukket:
(Tcrminus 80°C) til (Tcrminus 60°C)
(Tcrminus 80°C) til (Tcrminus 40°C)
(Tcrminus 80°C) til (Tcrminus 20°C)
Følgende størknings- og/eller herdetemperaturer TSer særlig foretrukket:
(Tcrminus 120°C) til (Tcrminus 100°C)
(Tcrminus 110°C) til (Tcrminus 80°C)
(Tcrminus 110°C) til (Tcrminus 90°C)
(Tcrminus 80°C) til (Tcrminus 60°C)
(Tcrminus 40°C) til (Tcrminus 20°C)
(Tcrminus 60°C) til (Tcrminus 40°C)
(Tcrminus 20°C) til (Tcrplus 10°C)
Tcrtil (Tcrplus 35°C)
Tcr
Også av interesse er:
(Tcrminus 70°C) til (Tcrpluss 20°C)
(Tcrminus 60°C) til (Tcrpluss 10°C)
Eksempler på C1-C20alkyl er metyl, etyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sek-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2-etylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-metylpentyl, 1,3-dimetylbutyl, n-heksyl, 1-metylheksyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1,3,3-tetrametylbutyl, 1-metylheptyl, 3-metylheptyl, n-oktyl, 2-etylheksyl, 1,1,3-trimetylheksyl, 1,1,3,3-tetrametylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, 1-metylundecyl, dodecyl, 1,1,3,3,5,5-heksametylheksyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, heksadecyl, heptadecyl, oktadecyl og eikosyl.
Foretrukne eksempler er butyl, oktyl og oktadecyl.
Eksempler på C2-C20alkyl substituert med C1-C10alkylamino , di(C1-C10alkyl)amino, C1-C10alkyloksy eller hydroksy er 3-metylaminopropyl, 2-dimetylaminoetyl, 2-dietylaminoetyl, 3-dimetylaminopropyl, 3-dietylaminopropyl, 2-metoksyetyl, 2-etoksyetyl, 2-metoksypropyl, 3-metoksypropyl, 2-etoksypropyl, 3-isopropoksypropyl og hydroksyetyl.
Foretrukne eksempler er 3-dimetylaminopropyl, 3-metoksypropyl og 2-metoksyetyl.
Eksempler på C3-C20alkenyl er allyl, 2-metallyl, butenyl, pentenyl, heksenyl og oleyl. Karbonatomet i posisjon 1 er foretrukket mettet. Særlig foretrukne eksempler er allyl og oleyl.
Eksempler på C5-C12cykloalkyl er cyklopentyl, cykloheksyl, cykloheptyl, cyklooktyl og cyklododecyl.
Foretrukne eksempler er cykloheksyl, cykloheptyl, cyklooktyl og cyklododecyl.
Foretrukne eksempler er C5-C12cykloalkyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C10alkyl er 3-metylcykloheksyl og 2,3-dimetylcykloheksyl.
Et eksempel på cykloheksylmetyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C10alkyl er 1-cykloheksyletyl.
Et eksempel på C5-C9cykloalkenyl er cykloheksenyl.
Et eksempel på C5-C9cykloalkenyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C10alkyl er metylcykloheksenyl.
Eksempler på fenyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 radikaler utvalgt fra gruppen som består av C1-C10alkyl, C1-C10alkyloksy, hydroksy, halogen, trihalogenmetyl, trihalogenmetoksy, benzoyl, fenylamino, acylamino og fenylazo er 4-metylfenyl, 2-etylfenyl, 4-etylfenyl, 4-isopropylfenyl, 4-tert-butylfenyl, 4-sek-butylfenyl, 4-isobutylfenyl, 3,5-dimetylfenyl, 3,4-dimetylfenyl, 2,4-dimetylfenyl, 2,6-dietylfenyl, 2-etyl-6-metylfenyl, 2,6-diisopropylfenyl, 4-metoksyfenyl, 4-etoksyfenyl, 4-hydroksyfenyl, 4-fluorofenyl, 3,5-difluorofenyl, 2-klorofenyl, 3-klorofenyl, 3-kloro-6-metylfenyl, 3,5-di(trifluorometyl)fenyl, 4-trifluoro-metoksyfenyl, 2-benzoylfenyl, 4-fenylaminofenyl, 4-acetamidofenyl og 4-(fenylazo)fenyl.
Et foretrukket eksempel er 3,4-Dimetylfenyl.
Eksempler på C7-C9fenylalkyl er benzyl og 2-fenyletyl. Benzyl er foretrukket.
Eksempler på C7-C9fenylalkyl som er substituert på fenylet med 1, 2 eller 3 radikaler utvalgt fra gruppen som består av C1-C10alkyl, C1-C10alkoksy og hydroksy er metylbenzyl, dimetylbenzyl, trimetylbenzyl, tert-butylbenzyl, metoksybenzyl og 3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl.
Et eksempel på naftyl substituert med C1-C10alkyl er metylnaftyl.
Eksempler på en 5- til 6-leddet heterocyklisk gruppe er 2-pikolyl, (2-furyl)metyl, (2-tetrahydrofuryl)metyl, 2-pyrimidyl, 6-metyl-2-pyridyl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl og
2-(1-piperazinyl)etyl.
Polypropylenharpiksen i komponent (1) har foretrukket et innhold av β -formkrystaller på 10 til 98%, særlig 15 til 80%.
Ytterligere eksempler på et egnet innhold av β-formkrystallene er, avhengig av ønsket anvendelse av polypropylenharpiksen, 10 til 95%, 10 til 90%, 10 til 85%, 10 til 80%, 10 til 75%, 10 til 70%, 10 til 65%, 10 til 60%, 10 til 55%, 10 til 50%, 10 til 45%, 10 til 40%, 10 til 35%, 10 til 30%, 20 til 95%, 20 til 90%, 20 til 85%, 20 til 80%, 20 til 75%, 20 til 70%, 20 til 65%, 20 til 60%, 20 til 55%, 20 til 50%, 20 til 45%, 20 til 40%, 20 til 35%, 20 til 30%, 30 til 95%, 30 til 90%, 30 til 85%, 30 til 80%, 30 til 75%, 30 til 70%, 30 til 65%, 30 til 60%, 30 til 55%, 30 til 50%, 30 til 45%, 30 til 40%, 35 til 95%, 35 til 90%, 35 til 85%, 35 til 80%, 35 til 75%, 35 til 70%, 35 til 65%, 35 til 60%, 35 til 55%, 35 til 50%, 35 til 45%, 40 til 95%, 40 til 90%, 40 til 85%, 40 til 80%, 40 til 75%, 40 til 70%, 40 til 65%, 40 til 60%, 40 til 55%, 40 til 50%, 45 til 95%, 45 til 90%, 45 til 85%, 45 til 80%, 45 til 75%, 45 til 70%, 45 til 65%, 45 til 60%, 45 til 55%, 50 til 95%, 50 til 90%, 50 til 85%, 50 til 80%, 50 til 75%, 50 til 70%, 50 til 65%, 50 til 60%, 55 til 90%, 55 til 85%, 55 til 80%, 55 til 75%, 55 til 70%, 55 til 65%, 60 til 95%, 60 til 90%, 60 til 85%, 60 til 80%, 60 til 75%, 60 til 70%, 65 til 95%, 65 til 90%, 65 til 85%, 65 til 80%, 70 til 95%, 70 til 90%, 70 til 85% og 70 til 80%.
Ifølge en foretrukket utførelsesform av foreliggende oppfinnelse har polypropyleneharpiksen en sløring som er større enn 62%, særlig større enn 70% eller 80%; sløringsverdien måles på en plate, foretrukket fremstilt ved injeksonsstøping, med 1,1 – 1,2 mm tykkelse. Sløringsverdien er i området fra 65 til 99%, særlig 70 til 99%, 75 til 99% eller 80 til 99% er særlig foretrukket.
Sløringen bestemmes i henhold til ASTM D 1003. Sløringen defineres som den prosentandelen transmittert lys som passerer gjennom en prøve (plate) avviker fra incidentstrålen med mer enn 2,5° gjennomsnittlig. Klarheten evalueres i vinkelområdet mindre enn 2,5°. Prøven skal ha i det vesentlige plan-parallelle overflater uten støv, fett, striper og skitt, og skal være uten adskilte interne hulrom og partikler.
Ifølge en foretrukket utførelsesform ifølge oppfinnelsen er polypropylenharpiksen polypropylenhomopolymer.
Polypropylenhomopolymer dekker også langkjedet polypropylen.
Polypropylen kan fremstilles ved forskjellige fremgangsmåter. Eksempler er beskrevet i det følgende:
Katalytisk polymerisering ved anvendelse av en katalysator som normalt inneholder et eller flere enn et metall fra gruppene IVb, Vb, VIb eller VIII i det Periodiske System. Disse metallene har vanligivs en eller flere enn en ligand, typisk oksider, halider, alkoholater, estere, etere, aminer, alkyler, alkenyler og/eller aryler som enten kan være π- eller σ-koordinert. Disse metallkompleksene kan være i fri form eller fiksert på substrater, typisk på aktivert magnesiumklorid, titan(III) klorid, alumina eller silisiumoksid. Disse katalysatorene kan være løselige eller uløselige i polymeriseringsmediet. Katalysatorene kan anvendes i seg selv ved polymerisasjonen eller ytterligere aktivatorer kan anvendes, typisk metallalkyler, metallhydrider, metallalkylhalider, metallalkyloksider eller metallalkyloksaner, nevnte metaller er elementer i gruppene Ia, IIa og/eller IIIa i det Periodiske System. Aktivatorene kan modifiseres hensiktsmessig med ytterligere ester, eter, amin eller silyletergrupper. Disse katalysatorsystemene er vanligvis angitt Phillips, Standard Oil Indiana, Ziegler (-Natta), TNZ (DuPont), metallocen eller enkeltsetekatalysatorer (SSC).
Ifølge en ytterligere foretrukket utførelsesform ifølge oppfinnelsen er polypropylenharpiksen en polypropylenrandomkopolymer, alternerende eller segmentert kopolymer eller blokk- kopolymer som inneholder en eller flere komonomerer utvalgt fra gruppen som består av etylen, C4-C20- α-olefin, vinylcykloheksan, vinylcykloheksen, C4-C20alkandien, C5-C12cykloalkandien og norbornenderivater; totalmengden av propylene og komonomerene er 100 %.
Polypropylenkopolymer dekker også langdkjedede forgrenede polypropylenkopolymer.
Eksempler på egnede C4-C20α-olefiner er 1-buten, 1-penten, 1-heksen, 1-hepten, 1-okten, 1-nonen, 1-decen, 1-undecen, 1-dodecen, 1-tetradecen, 1-heksadecen, 1-oktadecen, 1-eikosen og 4-metyl-1-penten.
Eksempler på egnede C4-C20alkandiener er heksadien og oktadien.
Eksempler på egnede C5-C12cykloalkandiener er cyklopentadien, cykloheksadien og cyklooktadien.
Eksempler på egnede norbornenderivater er 5-etyliden-2-norbornen (ENB), dicyklopentadien (DCP) og metylen-dometylen-heksahydronaftalin (MEN).
En propylen/etylenkopolymer inneholder for eksempel 50 til 99,9%, fortrinnsvis 80 til 99,9%, særlig 90 til 99,9%, i forhold til vekt av propylen.
En propylenekopolymer hvori komonomeren er et C9-C20α-olefin slik som for eksempel 1-nonen, 1-decen, 1-undecen, 1-dodecen, 1-tetradecen, 1-heksadecen, 1-oktadecen eller 1eikosen; C9-C20alkandien, C9-C12cykloalkandien eller et norbornenderivat slik som for eksempel 5-etyliden-2-norbornen (ENB) eller metylen-dometylen-heksahydronaftalin (MEN) inneholder foretrukker mer enn 90 mol-%, særlig 90 til 99,9 mol-% eller 90 til 99 mol- %, av propylen.
En propylenkopolymer hvori komonomeren er et C4-C8α-olefin slik som for eksempel 1-buten, 1-penten, 1-heksen, 1-hepten, 1-okten eller 4-metyl-1-penten; vinylcykloheksan, vinylcykloheksen, C4-C8alkandien eller C5-C8cykloalkandien inneholder foretrukker mer enn 80 mol-%, særllig 80 til 99,9 mol-% eller 80 til 99 mol-%, av propylen.
Ytterligere eksempler på polypropylenharpiksen er propylen/isobutylenkopolymer, propylen/-butadienkopolymer, propylen/cykloolefinkopolymer, terpolymerer av propylen med etylen og et dien slik som heksadien, dicyklopentadien eller etyliden-norbornen; propylen/1-olefinkopolymerer hvori 1-olefinet genereres in situ; og propylen/karbonmonoksid kopolymerer.
Ifølge en annen foretrukket utførelsesform ifølge oppfinnelsen er polypropylenharpiksen et termoplastisk polyolefin (TPO).
Termoplastisk polyolefin (TPO) betyr særlig elastomerer som fremviser gummikarakteristikker og er basert på polyolefiner. Disse er kopolymerer fra etylen og propylen (EPM) eller terpolymerer som innbefatter etylen, propylen og et ikkekonjugert diene (EPDM) og lignende.
Polypropylenharpiksen kan i tillegg inneholde en ytterligere polymer, særlig en syntetisk polymer, foretrukket EPDM eller EPM;
med den betingelsen at den ytterligere polymeren er forskjellig fra polypropylenharpiksen.
Eksempler på egnede polymerer er
1. polymerer av monoolefiner og diolefiner, for eksempel polyisobutylen, polybut-1-en, poly-4-metylpent-1-en, polyvinylcykloheksan, polyisopren eller polybutadien, så vel som polymerer av cykloolefiner, for eksempel cyklopenten eller norbornen, polyetylen (som eventuelt kan være tverrbundet), for eksempel høytetthets polyetylen (HDPE), høytetthets og høymolekylvekt polyetylen (HDPE-HMW), høytetthet og ultrahøy molekylvekt polyetylen (HDPE-UHMW), middelstetthet polyetylen (MDPE), lavtetthet polyetylen (LDPE), lineær lavtetthetspolyetylen (LLDPE), (VLDPE) og (ULDPE).
Polyolefiner, dvs. polymerer av monoolefiner eksemplifisert i foregående avsnitt, foretrukket polyetylen og polypropylen, kan fremstilles ved forskjellige, og særlig ved følgende fremgangsmåter:
a) radikal polymerisasjon (normalt under høyt trykk og ved hevet temperatur).
b) katalytisk polymerisering ved anvendelse av en katalysator som normalt inneholder et eller flere metall fra gruppene IVb, Vb, VIb eller VIII i det Periodiske System. Disse metallene har vanligvis en eller flere ligander, typisk oksider, halider, alkoholater, estere, ethere, aminer, alkyler, alkenyler og/eller aryler som enten kan være π- eller σ-koordinert. Disse metallkompleksene kan være i fri form eller fiksert på substrater, typisk på aktivert magnesiumklorid, titan(III) klorid, alumina eller silisiumoksid. Disse katalysatorene kan være løselige eller uløselige i polymeriseringssmediet. Katalysatorene kan anvendes i seg selv i polymerisasjonen eller ytterligere aktivatorer kan anvendes, typisk metallalkyler, metallhydrider, metallalkylhalider, metallalkyloksides eller metallalkyloksaner, nevnte metaller er elementer i grupper Ia, IIa og/eller IIIa i det Periodiske System. Aktivatorene kan modifiseres hensiktsmessig med ytterligere ester, eter, amin eller silyletergrupper. Disse katalysatorsystemene blir vanligvis navngitt Phillips, Standard Oil Indiana, Ziegler (-Natta), TNZ (DuPont), metallocen eller enkeltsetekatalysatorer (SSC).
2. Blandinger av polymerene nevnt under 1), for eksempel blandinger av polypropylen med polyisobutylen, polypropylen med polyetylen (for eksempel PP/HDPE, PP/LDPE) og blandinger av forskjellige typer polyetylen (for eksempel LDPE/HDPE).
3. Kopolymerer av monoolefiner og diolefiner med hverandre eller med andre vinylmonomerer, for eksempel etylen/propylenkopolymerer, lineær lavtetthets polyetylen (LLDPE) og blandinger derav med lavtetthets polyetylene (LDPE), propylen/but-1-en kopolymerer, propylen/isobutylenkopolymerer, etylen/but-1-enkopolymerer, etylen/heksenkopolymerer, etylen/metylpentenkopolymerer, etylen/heptenkopolymerer, etylen/oktenkopolymerer, etylen/vinylcykloheksankopolymerer, etylen/cykloolefinkopolymerer (for eksempel etylen/norbornen som COC), etylen/1-olefinkopolymerer, hvori 1-olefinet er generert in-situ; propylen/butadienkopolymerer, isobutylen/isopren kopolymerer, etylen/vinylcykloheksenkopolymerer, etylen/alkylakrylatkopolymerer, etylen/alkylmetakrylatkopolymerer, etylen/vinylacetatkopolymerer eller etylen/akrylsyrekopolymerer og deres salter (ionomerer) så vel som terpolymerer av etylen med propylen og et diene slik som heksadien, dicyklopentadien eller etyliden-norbornen; og blandinger av slike kopolymerer med hverandre og med polymerer nevnt i 1) ovenfor, for eksempel polypropylen/etylen-propylenkopolymerer, LDPE/etylen-vinylacetatkopolymerer (EVA), LDPE/etylen-akrylsyrekopolymerer (EAA), LLDPE/EVA, LLDPE/EAA og alternerende eller randomiserte polyalkylen/karbonmonoksidkopolymerer og blandinger derav med andre polymerer, for eksempel polyamider.
4. Hydrokarbonharpikser harpikser (for eksempel C5-C9) som inkluderer hydrogenerte modifikasjoner derav (for eksempel klebriggjørere) og blandinger av polyalkylener og stivelse.
Homopolymerer og kopolymerer fra 1.) - 4.) kan ha en hvilken som helst stereostruktur som inkluderer syndiotaktisk, isotaktisk, hemi-isotaktisk eller ataktisk; hvor ataktiske polymerer er foretrukket. Stereoblokkpolymerer er også inkludert.
5. Polystyren, poly(p-metylstyren), poly( α-metylstyren).
6. Aromatiske homopolymerer og kopolymerer avledet fra vinylaromatiske monomerer som inkluderer styren, α-metylstyren, alle isomerer av vinyltoluen, særlig p-vinyltoluen, alle isomerer av etylstyren, propylstyren, vinylbifenyl, vinylnaftalen, og vinylantracen og blandinger derav. Homopolymerer og kopolymerer kan ha en hvilken som helst stereostruktur som inkluderer syndiotaktisk, isotaktisk, hemi-isotaktisk eller ataktisk; hvor ataktiske polymerer er foretrukket. Stereoblokkpolymerer er også inkludert.
6a. Kopolymerer som inkluderer tidligere nevnte vinylaromatiske monomerer og komonomerer utvalgt fra etylen, propylen, diener, nitriler, syrer, maleinsyreanhydrider, maleimider, vinylacetat og vinylklorid eller akrylderivater og blandinger derav, for eksempel styren/butadien, styren/akrylonitril, styren/etylen (interpolymerer), styren/alkylmetakrylat, styren/butadien/alkylakrylat, styren/butadien/alkylmetakrylat, styren/maleinsyreanhydride, styren/akrylonitril/metylakrylat; blandinger av høystøtstyrke styrenkopolymerer og en annen polymer, for eksempel et polyakrylat, en dienpolymer eller en etylen/propylen/dienterpolymer; og blokkopolymerer av styrene slik som styren/butadien/styren, styren/isopren/styren, styren/etylen/butylen/styren eller styren/etylen/propylen/styren.
6b. Hydrogenerte aromatiske polymerer avledet fra hydrogenerte polymerer nevnt under 6.), som særlig inkluderer polycykloheksyletylen (PCHE) fremstilt ved å hydrogenere ataktisk polystyren, ofte refererert til som polyvinylcykloheksan (PVCH).
6c. Hydrogenerte aromatiske polymerer avledet fra hydrogenering av polymerer nevnt under 6a.).
Homopolymerer og kopolymerer kan ha en hvilken som helst stereostruktur som inkluderer syndiotaktisk, isotaktisk, hemi-isotaktisk eller ataktisk; hvor ataktiske polymerer er foretrukket. Stereoblokkpolymerer er også inkludert.
7. Podingskopolymerer av vinylaromatiske monomerer slik som styren eller αmetylstyren, for eksempel styren på polybutadien, styren på polybutadien-styren eller polybutadien-akrylonitrilkopolymerer; styren og akrylonitril (eller metakrylonitril) på polybutadien; styren, akrylonitril og metylmetakrylat på polybutadien; styren og maleinsyreanhydrid på polybutadien; styren, akrylonitril og maleinsyreanhydrid eller maleimid på polybutadien; styren og maleimid på polybutadien; styren og alkylakrylater eller metakrylater på polybutadien; styren og akrylonitril på etylen/propylen/dienterpolymerer; styren og akrylonitril på polyalkylakrylater eller polyalkylmetakrylater, styren og akrylonitril på akrylat/butadienkopolymerer, så vel som blandinger derav med kopolymerene listet under 6), for eksempel kopolymerblandinger kjente som ABS, MBS, ASA eller AES polymerer.
8. Halogeninneholdende polymerer slik som polykloropren, klorerte gummier, klorert og bromert kopolymer av isobutylen-isopren (halobutylgummi), klorert eller sulfoklorert polyetylene, kopolymerer av etylen og klorert etylen, epiklorohydrin homo- og kopolymerer, særlige polymerer av halogeninneholdende vinylforbindelser, for eksempel polyvinylklorid, polyvinylidenklorid, polyvinylfluorid, polyvinylidenfluorid, så vel som kopolymerer derav slik som vinylklorid/vinylidenklorid, vinylklorid/vinylacetat eller vinylidenklorid/vinylacetatkopolymerer.
9. Polymerer avledet fra α, β-umettede syrer og derivater derav slik som polyakrylater og polymetakrylater; polymetylmetakrylater, polyakrylamider og polyakrylonitriler, støtmodifisert med butylakrylat.
10. Kopolymerer av monomerene nevnt under 9) med hverandre eller med andre umettede monomerer, for eksempel akrylonitril/butadienkopolymerer, akrylonitril/alkylakrylatkopolymerer, akrylonitril/alkoksyalkylakrylat eller akrylonitril/vinylhalidkopolymerer eller akrylonitril/alkylmetakrylat/butadienterpolymerer.
11. Polymerer avledet fra umettede alkoholer og aminer eller acylderivater eller acetaler derav, for eksempel polyvinylalkohol, polyvinylacetat, polyvinylstearat, polyvinylbenzoat, polyvinylmaleat, polyvinylbutyral, polyallylftalat eller polyallylmelamin; så vel som deres kopolymerer med olefiner nevnt i 1) ovenfor.
12. Homopolymerer og kopolymers av cykliske etere slik som polyalkylenglykoler, polyetylenoksid, polypropylenoksid eller kopolymerer derav med bisglycidyletere.
13. Polyacetaler slike som polyoksymetylen og de polyoksymetylenene som inneholder etylenokside som en komonomer; polyacetaler modifisert med termoplastiske polyuretaner, akrylater eller MBS.
14. Polyfenylenoksider og sulfider, og blandinger av polyfenylenoksider med styrenpolymerer eller polyamider.
15. Polyuretaner avledet fra hydroksyl-terminerte polyetere, polyestere eller polybutadiener på den ene side og alifatiske eller aromatiske polyisocyanater på den andre, så vel som forløpere derav.
16. Polyamider og kopolyamider avledet fra diaminer og dikarboksylsyrer og/eller fra aminokarboksylsyrer eller de korresponderende laktamene, for eksempel polyamid 4, polyamid 6, polyamid 6/6, 6/10, 6/9, 6/12, 4/6, 12/12, polyamid 11, polyamid 12, aromatiske polyamider med utgangspunkt i m-xylendiamin og adipinsyre; polyamider fremstilt fra heksametylendiamin og isoftalsyre eller/og tereftalsyre og med eller uten en elastomer som modifiserer, for eksempel poly-2,4,4,-trimetylheksametylentereftalamid eller poly-m-fenylenisoftalamid; og også blokkopolymerer av de tidligere nevnte polyamider med polyolefiner, olefin kopolymerer, ionomerer eller kjemisk bundede eller podede elastomerer; eller med polyetere, for eksempel med polyetylenglykol, polypropylenglykol eller polytetrametylenglykol; så vel som polyamider eller kopolyamider modifisert med EPDM eller ABS; og polyamider kondensert i løpet av fremstillingen (RIM polyamidsystemer).
17. Polyureaforbindelser, polyimider, polyamid-imider, polyeterimider, polyesterimider, polyhydantoiner og polybenzimidazoler.
18. Polyestere avledet fra dikarboksylsyrer og dioler og/eller fra hydroksykarboksylsyrer eller de korresponderende laktonene, for eksempel polyetylentereftalat, polybutylenterefhalat, poly-1,4-dimetylolcykloheksantereftalat, polyalkylennaftalat (PAN) og polyhydroksybenzoater, så vel som blokkopolyeterestere avledet fra hydroksylterminerte polyetere; og også polyestere modifisert med polykarbonater eller MBS.
19. Polykarbonater og polyesterkarbonater.
20. Polyketoner.
21. Polysulfoner, polyetersulfoner og polyeterketoner.
22. Tverrbundede polymerer avledet fra aldehyder på den ene siden og fenoler, ureaforbindelser og melaminer på den andre, slik som fenol/formaldehydharpikser, urea/formaldehydharpikser og melamin/formaldehydharpikser.
23. Tørke og ikke-tørkealkydharpikser.
24. Umettede polyesterharpikser avledet fra kopolyestere av mettede og umettede dikarboksylsyrer med polyhydroksyalkoholer og vinylforbindelser som tverrbindingsmidler, og også halogeninneholdende modifikasjoner derav med lav flammeevne.
25. Tverrbindbare akrylharpikser avledet fra substituerte akrylater, for eksempel epoksyakrylater, uretanakrylater eller polyesterakrylater.
26. Alkydharpikser, polyesterharpikser og akrylatharpikser tverrbundet med melaminharpikser, ureaharpikser, isocyanater, isocyanurater, polyisocyanater eller epoksyharpikser.
27. Tverrbundede epoksyharpikser avledet fra alifatiske, cykloalifatiske, heterocykliske eller aromatiske glycidylforbindelser, for eksempel produkter av diglycidyletere av bisfenol A og bisfenol F, som er tverrbundet med passende herdestoffer slik som anhydrider eller aminer, med eller uten akseleratorer.
28. Naturlige polymerer slike som cellulose, gummi, gelatin og kjemisk modifiserte homologe derivater derav, for eksempel celluloseacetater, cellulosepropionater og cellulosebutyrater, eller celluloseetere slik som metylcellulose; så vel som kollofonium og deres derivater.
29. Blandinger av de tidligere nevnte polymerene (polyblandinger), for eksempel PP/EPDM, Polyamid/EPDM eller ABS, PVC/EVA, PVC/ABS, PVC/MBS, PC/ABS, PBTP/ABS, PC/ASA, PC/PBT, PVC/CPE, PVC/akrylater, POM/termoplastisk PUR, PC/termoplastisk PUR, POM/akrylat, POM/MBS, PPO/HIPS, PPO/PA 6.6 og kopolymerer, PA/HDPE, PA/PP, PA/PPO, PBT/PC/ABS eller PBT/PET/PC.
30. Vandige emulsjoner av naturlig eller syntetisk gummi, for eksempel naturlig lateks eller gitre av karboksylerte styren/butadienkopolymerer.
Foretrukne eksempler på en blanding av en polypropylenharpiks og en ytterligere polymer er blandinger av polypropylen med propylen/etylenkopolymerer, propylen/butylenkopolymerer, polyetylen, for eksempel HDPE eller LDPE; polybuten, polyisobutylen, poly-4-metylpenten eller alternerende eller randomiserte polyalkylen/karbonmonoksidkopolymerer.
Ifølge en foretrukket utførelsesform av foreliggende oppfinnelse, er
R1, R2og R3, uavhengig av hverandre,
C1-C20alkyl,
C2-C10alkyl substituert med C1-C4alkylamino, di(C1-C4alkyl)amino, C1-C4alkyloksy eller hydroksy;
C3-C20alkenyl,
C5-C12cycloalkyl,
C5-C12cycloalkyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C4alkyl;
cykloheksylmethyl;
cykloheksylmetyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C4alkyl;
fenyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 radikaler utvalgt fra gruppen som består av C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkyloksy eller hydroksy;
benzyl,
benzyl som er substituert på fenylet med 1, 2 eller 3 radikalrt utvalgt fra gruppen som består av C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoksy og hydroksy;
nafhyl, eller
naftyl substituert med C1-C4alkyl.
Ifølge en ytterligere foretrukket utførelsesform av foreliggende oppfinnelse er
R1, R2og R3, uavhengig av hverandre.
C1-C20alkyl,
C2-C6alkyl substituert med C1-C4alkylamino, di(C1-C4alkyl)amino eller C1-C4alkyloksy; C5-C12cykloalkyl,
C5-C12cykloalkyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C4alkyl;
cykloheksylmetyl;
cykloheksylmetyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C4alkyl;
fenyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C4alkyl;
benzyl,
benzyl som er substituert på fenylet med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C4alkyl; eller
nafyl.
Ifølge en særlig foretrukket utførelsesform ifølge oppfinnelsen er
R1, R2og R3, uavhengig av hverandre,
butyl, oktyl eller oktadecyl,
3-dimetylaminopropyl, 3-metoksypropyl eller 2-metoksyetyl,
cykloheksyl, cykloheptyl, cyklooktyl eller cyklododecyl,
3-metylcykloheksyl eller 2,3-dimetylcykloheksyl,
1-cykloheksyletyl,
3,4-dimetylfenyl,
benzyl, eller
naftyl.
R1, R2og R3er foretrukket identiske og er foretrukket 2,3-dimetylcykloheksyl, tertoktyl eller cyklooktyl.
Mengden av β-nukleeringsmidlet som tilsettes polypropylenharpiksen er ikke kritisk så lenge den ønskede effekten oppnås. Generelt anvendes det i en mengde effektiv til å øke innholdet av β-krystallformen. 0,0001 til 5%, særlig 0,001 til 2%, 0,05 til 1%, 0,1 til 1% eller 0,15 til 1%, relativt til vekten av polypropylenharpiksen, er egnet.
Således er β-nukleeringsmidlet i stand til å forårsake at en krystallinsk polypropylenharpiks gjennomgår overgang til β-krystallform ved et svært lavt addisjonsnivå og et smeltet produkt som har et β-formkrystallinnhold som indikert ovenfor kan oppnås under egnede smeltebetingelser.
Den ytterligere polymeren er foretrukket tilstede i polypropylenharpiksen i en mengde på fra 1 til 90%, for eksempel 2 til 80% eller 5 til 50%, relativt til vekten av polypropylenharpiksen.
En foretrukket utførelsesform av foreliggende oppfinnelse er en fremgangsmåte for å tilveiebringe en polypropylenharpiks med et innhold av β-formkrystaller på minst 10% beregnet ved hjelp av følgende ligning
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β-formkrystallinnhold (%) = 100 x P β 1/(P α 1 P α2+ P α3+ P β 1)
hvor P α1til P α3er respektive topphøyder (maxima) til α-formen og P β1er en topphøyde (maksimum) av β-form bestemt ved bredvinkel røntgenspredning,
som innbefatter inkorporering i polypropylenharpiksen av en eller flere β-nukleeringsmidler med formel (I).
Harpikssammensetningene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan fremstilles ved standard fremgangsmåter, kjente for fagmannen, med sammenblanding slik som miksing av de foreskrevne komponentene i en vanlig mikser for eksempel ved tørrblanding eller løsningsspraying og smelting og knaing av blandingen med en enkel- eller dobbelt-skruekstruder eller lignende.
β -nukleeringsmidlet med formel (I) kan tilsettes til polypropylenharpiksen på et valgfritt trinn, dvs. enten i løpet av polymerisasjonsreaksjon eller etter polymeren har blitt fremstilt.
Til harpikssammensetningene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan ytterligere materialer tilsettes i et konsentrasjonsområde som ikke på en uheldig måte påvirker de fordelaktige effektene ved oppfinnelsen. Disse materialene kan inkludere stabilisatorer, antioksidanter, antibakterielle midler, ultrafiolette absorberere, termostabilisatorer, lysstabilisatorer, nøytraliseringsmidler, antistatiske midler, antiblokkeringsmidler, tungmetallinaktiveringsmidler, flammeretardanter, smøremidler, peroksider, hydrotalcitt, skummemidler, elastomerer, prosesshjelpemidler, ytterligere nukleeringsmidler, forsterkningsmateriale, mykgjører og lignende og blandinger derav.
Mer detaljerte eksempler på disse vanlige additivene er listet nedenfor.
1. Antioksidanter
1.1. Alkylerte monofenoler, for eksempel 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-metylfenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimetylfenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-etylfenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylfenol, 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-isobutylfenol, 2,6-dicyklopentyl-4-metylfenol, 2-( α-metylcykloheksyl)-4,6-dimetylfenol, 2,6-dioktadecyl-4-metylfenol, 2,4,6-tricykloheksylfenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-metoksymetylfenol, nonylfenoler som er lineære eller forgrenede i sidekjedene, for eksempel 2,6-di-nonyl-4-metylfenol, 2,4-dimetyl-6-(1'-metylundec-1'-yl)fenol, 2,4-dimetyl-6-(1'-metylheptadec-1'-yl)fenol, 2,4-dimetyl-6-(1'-metyltridec-1'-yl)fenol og blandinger derav.
1.2. Alkyltiometylfenoler, for eksempel 2,4-dioktyltiometyl-6-tert-butylfenol, 2,4-dioktyltiometyl-6-metylfenol, 2,4-dioktyltiometyl-6-etylfenol, 2,6-di-dodecyltiometyl-4-nonylfenol.
1.3. Hydroquinoner og alkylerte hydroquinoner, for eksempel 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-metoksyfenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinon, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinon, 2,6-difenyl-4-oktadecyloksyfenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinon, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyanisol, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyanisol, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylstearat, bis(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl) adipat.
1.4. Tokoferoler, for eksempel α-tokoferol, β-tokoferol, γ-tokoferol, δ-tokoferol og blandinger derav (vitamin E).
1.5. Hydroksylerte tiodifenyletere, for eksempel 2,2'-tiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-metylenol), 2,2'-tiobis(4-oktylfenol), 4,4'-tiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-metylfenol), 4,4'-tiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-metylfenol), 4,4'-tiobis(3,6-di-sec-amylfenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimetyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)-disulfid.
1.6. Alkylidenbisfenoler, for eksempel 2,2'-metylenbis(6-tert-butyl-4-metylfenol), 2,2'-metylenbis(6-tert-butyl-4-etylfenol), 2,2'-metylenbis[4-metyl-6-( α-metylcykloheksyl)-fenol], 2,2'-metylenbis(4-metyl-6-cykloheksylfenol), 2,2'-metylenbis(6-nonyl-4-metylfenol), 2,2'-metylenbis(4,6-di-tert-butylfenol), 2,2'-etylidenbis(4,6-di-tert-butylfenol), 2,2'-etylidenbis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylfenol), 2,2'-metylenbis[6-( α-metylbenzyl)-4-nonylfenol], 2,2'-metylenbis[6-( α, α-dimetylbenzyl)-4-nonylfenol], 4,4'-metylenbis(2,6-di-tert-butylfenol), 4,4'-methylenbis(6-tert-butyl-2-metylfenol), 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-2-metylfenyl)butan, 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-metyl-2 hydroksybenzyl)-4-metylfenol, 1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-2-metylfenyl)butan, 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-2-metylfenyl)-3-n-dodecylmerkaptobutan, etylenglykol bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroksyfenyl)butyrat], bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-5-metylfenyl)dicyklo-pentadien, bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksy-5'-metylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-metylfenyl]-tereftalat, 1,1-bis-(3,5-dimetyl-2-hydroksyfenyl)butan, 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)propan, 2,2-bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-2-metylfenyl)-4-ndodecyl-merkaptobutan, 1,1,5,5-tetra(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-2-metylfenyl)pentan.
1.7. O-, N- og S-benzylforbindelser, for eksempel 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroksydibenzyleter, oktadecyl-4-hydroksy-3,5-dimetylbenzylmerkaptoacetat, tridecyl-4-hydroksy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylmerkaptoacetat, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)amin, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroksy-2,6-dimetylbenzyl)ditiotereftalat, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)sulfid, isooktyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzylmerkaptoacetat.
1.8. Hydroksybenzylerte malonater, for eksempel dioktadecyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroksybenzyl)malonat, di-oktadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-5-metylbenzyl)malonat, di-dodecylmerkaptoetyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)malonate, bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetrametylbutyl)fenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)-malonat.
1.9. Aromatiske hydroksybenzylforbindelser, for eksempel 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimetylbenzen, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrametylbenzen, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)fenol.
1.10. Triazinforbindelser, for eksempel 2,4-bis(oktylmerkapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-oktylmerkapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-oktylmerkapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenoksy)-1,3,5-triazin, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenoksy)-1,2,3-triazin, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)isocyanurat, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroksy-2,6-dimetylbenzyl)isocyanurat, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyletyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionyl)-heksahydro-1,3,5-triazin, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicykloheksyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)isocyanurat.
1.11. Benzylfosfonater, for eksempel dimetyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzylfosfonat, dietyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzylfosfonat, dioktadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4hydroksybenzylfosfonat, dioktadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-3-metylbenzylfosfonat, kalsiumsaltet av monoetylesteren av 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzylfosfonsyre.
1.12. Acylaminofenoler, for eksempel 4-hydroksylauranilid, 4-hydroksystearanilid, oktyl N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)karbamat.
1.13. Estere av β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)propionsyre med mono- eller polyhydroksyalkoholer, for eksempel med metanol, etanol, n-oktanol, i-oktanol, oktadekanol, 1,6-heksandiol, 1,9-nonandiol, etylenglykol, 1,2-propandiol, neopentylglykol, tiodietylenglykol, dietylenglykol, trietylenglykol, pentaerytritol, tris-(hydroksyetyl)isocyanurat, N,N'-bis(hydroksyetyl)oksamid, 3-tiaundekanol, 3-tiapentadekanol, trimetylheksandiol, trimetylolpropan, 4-hydroksymetyl-1-fosfa-2,6,7-trioksabicyklo[2.2.2]oktan.
1.14. Estere av β-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-3-metylfenyl)propionsyre med mono- eller polyhydroksyalkoholer, for eksempel med metanol, etanol, n-oktanol, i-oktanol, oktadekanol, 1,6-heksandiol, 1,9-nonandiol, etylenglykol, 1,2-propandiol, neopentylglykol, tiodietylenglykol, dietylenglykol, trietylenglykol, pentaerytritol, tris-(hydroksyetyl)isocyanurat, N,N'-bis(hydroksyetyl)oksamid, 3-tiaundekanol, 3-tiapentadekanol, trimetylheksandiol, trimetylolpropan, 4-hydroksymetyl-1-fosfa-2,6,7-trioksabicyklo[2.2.2]oktan; 3,9-bis[2-{3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-5-metylfenyl)-propionyloksy}-1,1-dimetyletyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoksaspiro[5.5]undekane.
1.15. Estere av β-(3,5-dicykloheksyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)propionsyre med mono- eller polyhydroksyalkoholer, for eksempel med metanol, etanol, oktanol, oktadekanol, 1,6-heksandiol, 1,9-nonandiol, etylenglykol, 1,2-propandiol, neopentylglykol, tiodietylenglykol, dietylenglykol, trietylenglykol, pentaerytritol, tris(hydroksyetyl)isocyanurat, N,N'-bis(hydroksyetyl)oksamid, 3-tiaundekanol, 3-tiapentadekanol, trimetylheksandiol, trimetylolpropan, 4-hydroksymetyl-1-fosfa-2,6,7-trioksabicyklo[2.2.2]oktan.
1.16. Estere av 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyleddiksyre med mono- eller polyhydroksyalkoholer, for eksempel med metanol, etanol, oktanol, oktadekanol, 1,6-heksandiol, 1,9-nonandiol, etylenglykol, 1,2-propandiol, neopentylglykol, tiodietylenglykol, dietylenglykol, trietylenglykol, pentaerytritol, tris(hydroksyetyl)isocyanurat, N,N'-bis(hydroksyetyl)oksamid, 3-tiaundekanol, 3-tiapentadekanol, trimetylheksandiol, trimetylolpropan, 4-hydroksymetyl-1-fosfa-2,6,7-trioksabicyklo[2.2.2]oktan.
1.17. Amider av β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)propionsyre for eksempel N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionyl)heksametylendiamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionyl)trimetylendiamid, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionyl)hydrazid, N,N'-bis[2-(3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl]-propionyloksy)etyl]oksamide (Naugard<®>XL-1, levert av Uniroyal).
1.18. Askorbinsyre (vitamin C)
1.19. Amin-antioksidanter, for eksempel N,N'-di-isopropyl-p-fenylendiamin, N,N'-disec-butyl-p-fenylendiamin, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimetylpentyl)-p-fenylendiamin, N,N'-bis(1-etyl-3-metylpentyl)-p-fenylendiamin, N,N'-bis(1-metylheptyl)-p-fenylendiamin, N,N'-dicykloheksyl-p-fenylendiamin, N,N'-difenyl-p-fenylendiamin, N,N'-bis(2-naftyl)-pfenylendiamin, N-isopropyl-N'-fenyl-p-fenylendiamin, N-(1,3-dimetylbutyl)-N'-fenyl-pfenylendiamin, N-(1-metylheptyl)-N'-fenyl-p-fenylendiamin, N-cykloheksyl-N'-fenyl-pfenylendiamin, 4-(p-toluensulfamoyl)difenylamin, N,N'-dimetyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-pfenylendiamin, difenylamin, N-allyldifenylamin, 4-isopropoksydifenylamin, N-fenyl-1-naftylamin, N-(4-tert-oktylfenyl)-1-naftylamin, N-fenyl-2-naftylamin, oktylert difenylamin, for eksempel p,p'-di-tert-oktyldifenylamin, 4-n-butylaminofenol, 4-butyrylaminofenol, 4-nonanoylaminofenol, 4-dodekanoylaminofenol, 4-oktadekanoylaminofenol, bis(4-metoksyfenyl)amin, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimetylaminometylfenol, 2,4'-diaminodifenylmetane, 4,4'-diaminodifenylmetan, N,N,N',N'-tetrametyl-4,4'-diaminodifenylmetan, 1,2-bis[(2-metylfenyl)amino]etan, 1,2-bis(fenylamino)propan, (o-tolyl)-biguanid, bis[4-(1',3'-dimetylbutyl)fenyl]amin, tert-oktylert N-fenyl-1-naftylamin, enblanding av mono- og dialkylerte tert-butyl/tert-oktyldifenylaminer, en blanding av mono- og dialkylerte nonyldifenylaminer, en blanding av mono- og dialkylerte dodecyldifenylaminer, en blanding av mono- og dialkylerte isopropyl/isoheksyldifenylaminer, en blanding av mono- og dialkylerte tert-butyldifenylaminer, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimetyl-4H-1,4-benzotiazin, fenotiazin, en blanding av mono- og dialkylerte tert-butyl/tert-oktylfenotiaziner, en blanding av mono- og dialkylerte tertoktylfenotiaziner, N-allylfenotiazin, N,N,N',N'-tetrafenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-en, N,N-bis(2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperid-4-yl-heksametylendiamin, bis(2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperid-4-yl)sebacat, 2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidin-4-on, 2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidin-4-ol.
2. UV absorbenter og lysstabilisatorer
2.1. 2-(2'-Hydroksyfenyl)benzotriazoler, for eksempel 2-(2'-hydroksy-5'-metylfenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksyfenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(5'-tert butyl-2'-hydroksyfenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(2'-hydroksy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetrametylbutyl)fenyl)-benzotriazol, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksyfenyl)-5-klorbenzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksy-5'-metylfenyl)-5-klorbenzotriazol, 2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksyfenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(2'-hydroksy-4'-oktyloksyfenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3',5'-ditert-amyl-2'-hydroksyfenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3',5'-bis( α, α-dimetylbenzyl)-2'-hydroksyfenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksy-5'-(2-oktyloksykarbonyletyl)fenyl)-5-klorbenzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-etylheksyloksy)karbonyletyl]-2'-hydroksyfenyl)-5-klorbenzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksy-5'-(2-metoksykarbonyletyl)-fenyl)-5-klorbenzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksy-5'-(2-metoksykarbonyletyl)-fenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksy-5'-(2-oktyloksykarbonyletyl)-fenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-etylheksyloksy)karbonyletyl]-2'-hydroksyfenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3'-dodecyl-2'-hydroksy-5'-metylfenyl)benzotriazol, 2-(3'-tertbutyl-2'-hydroksy-5'-(2-isooktyloksykarbonyletyl)fenylbenzotriazol, 2,2'-metylenbis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetrametylbutyl)-6-benzotriazol-2-ylfenol]; transforestringsproduktet av 2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-metoksykarbonyletyl)-2'-hydroksyfenyl]-2H-benzotriazol med
polyetylenglykol 300; R CH2CH2 COO CH2CH2 , hvor R = 3'-tert-butyl-4'-2
hydroksy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylfenyl, 2-[2'-hydroksy-3'-( α, α-dimetylbenzyl)-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetrametylbutyl)fenyl]benzotriazol; 2-[2'-hydroksy-3'-(1,1,3,3-tetrametylbutyl)-5'-( α, α-dimetylbenzyl)fenyl]benzotriazol.
2.2. 2-Hydroksybenzofenoner, for eksempel 4-hydroksy, 4-metoksy, 4-oktyloksy, 4-decyloksy, 4-dodecyloksy, 4-benzyloksy, 4,2',4'-trihydroksy og 2'-hydroksy-4,4'-dimetoksyderivater.
2.3. Estere av substituerte og usubstituerte benzosyrer, som for eksempel 4-tertbutylfenylsalicylat, fenylsalicylat, oktylfenylsalicylat, dibenzoylresorcinol, bis(4-tertbutylbenzoyl)resorcinol, benzoylresorcinol, 2,4-di-tert-butylfenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzoat, heksadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzoat, oktadecyl 3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroksybenzoat, 2-metyl-4,6-di-tert-butylfenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzoat.
2.4. Akrylater, for eksempel etyl α-cyano- β, β-difenylakrylat, isooktyl α-cyano- β, βdifenylakrylat, metyl α-karbometoksycinnamat, metyl α-cyano- β-metyl-pmetoksycinnamat, butyl α-cyano- β-metyl-p-metoksycinnamat, metyl α-karbometoksyp-metoksycinnamat og N-( β-karbometoksy- β-cyanovinyl)-2-metylindolin.
2.5. Nikkelforbindelser, for eksempel nikkelkomplekser av 2,2'-tiobis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetrametylbutyl)fenol], slik som 1:1 eller 1:2 komplekst, med eller uten ytterligere ligander slik som n-butylamin, trietanolamin eller N-cykloheksyldietanolamin, nikkeldibutylditiokarbamat, nikkelsalter av monoalkylestere, for eksempel metyl- eller etylester, av 4-hydroksy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylfosfonsyre, nikkelkomplekser av ketoksimer, for eksempel av 2-hydroksy-4-metylfenylundecylketoksim, nikkelkomplekser av 1-fenyl-4-lauroyl-5-hydroksypyrazol, med eller uten ytterligere ligander.
2.6. Sterisk hindrede aminer, for eksempel bis(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)sebacat, bis(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)succinat, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentametyl-4-piperidyl)-sebacat, bis(1-oktyloksy-2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)sebacat, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentametyl-4-piperidyl) n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzylmalonat, kondensatet av 1-(2-hydroksyetyl)-2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-hydroksypiperidin og ravsyre, lineær eller cykliske kondensater av N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)-heksametylendiamin og 4-tert-oktylamino-2,6-dikloro-1,3,5-triazin, tris(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)nitrilotriacetat, tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butantetrakarboksylat, 1,1'-(1,2-etanediyl)-bis(3,3,5,5-tetrametylpiperazinon), 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidin, 4-stearyloksy-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidin, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentametylpiperidyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroksy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl)-malonat, 3-n-oktyl-7,7,9,9-tetrametyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]dekan-2,4-dion, bis(1-oktyloksy-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidyl)sebacat, bis(1-oktyloksy-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidyl)-succinat, lineære eller cykliske kondensater av N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)heksametylendiamin og 4-morfolino-2,6-dikloro-1,3,5-triazin, kondensatet av 2-kloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazin og 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)etan, kondensatet av 2-kloro-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentametylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazin og 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)etan, 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetrametyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]dekan-2,4-dion, 3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dion, 3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentametyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dion, en blanding av 4-heksadecyloksy- og 4-stearyloksy-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidin, et kondensat av N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)heksametylendiamin og 4-cykloheksylamino-2,6-dikloro-1,3,5-triazin, et kondensat av 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)etan og 2,4,6-trikloro-1,3,5-triazin så vel som 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidin (CAS Reg. nr. [136504-96-6]); et kondensat av 1,6-heksandiamin og 2,4,6-trikloro-1,3,5-triazin så vel som N,N-dibutylamin og 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidin (CAS Reg. nr. [192268-64-7]); N-(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimid, N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentametyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimid, 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetrametyl-1-oksa-3,8-diaza-4-okso spiro[4,5]dekan, et reaksjonsprodukt av 7,7,9,9-tetrametyl-2-cykloundecyl-1-oksa-3,8-diaza-4-oksospiro[4,5]dekan og epiklorohydrin, 1,1-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyloksycarbonyl)-2-(4-metoksyfenyl)eten, N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)heksametylendiamin, en diester av 4-metoksymetylenmalonsyre med 1,2,2,6,6-pentametyl-4-hydroksypiperidin, poly[metylpropyl-3-oksy-4-(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)]siloksan, et reaksjonsprodukt av maleinsyreanhydrid- αolefinkopolymer med 2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-aminopiperidin eller 1,2,2,6,6-pentametyl-4-aminopiperidin.
2.7. Oksamider, for eksempel 4,4'-dioktyloksyoksanilid, 2,2'-dietoksyoksanilid, 2,2'-dioktyloksy-5,5'-di-tert-butoksanilid, 2,2'-didodecyloksy-5,5'-di-tert-butoksanilid, 2-etoksy-2'-etyloksanilid, N,N'-bis(3-dimetylaminopropyl)oksamid, 2-etoksy-5-tert-butyl-2'-etoksanilid og dens blanding med 2-etoksy-2'-etyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoksanilid, blandinger av o- og p-metoksy-disubstituerte oksanilider og blandinger av o- og petoksy-disubstituerte oksanilider.
2.8. 2-(2-Hydrokdygenyl)-1,3,5-triazinet, for eksempel 2,4,6-tris(2-hydroksy-4-oktylokdygenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-hydrokdy-4-oktylokdyfenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2,4-dihydroksyfenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2,4-bis(2-hydroksy-4-propyloksyfenyl)-6-(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-hydroksy-4-oktyloksyfenyl)-4,6-bis(4-metylfenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-hydroksy-4-dodecyloksyfenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-hydroksy-4-tridecyloksyfenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-[2-hydroksy-4-(2-hydroksy-3-butyloksypropoksy)fenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-[2-hydroksy-4-(2-hydroksy-3-oktyloksypropyloksy)fenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-[4-(dodecyloksy/tridecyloksy-2-hydroksypropoksy)-2-hydroksyfenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)1,3,5-triazin, 2-[2-hydroksy-4-(2-hydroksy-3-dodecyloksypropoksy)fenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-hydroksy-4-heksyl-oksy)fenyl-4,6-difenyl-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-hydroksy-4-metoksyfenyl)-4,6-difenyl-1,3,5-triazin, 2,4,6-tris[2-hydroksy-4-(3-butoksy-2-hydroksypropoksy)fenyl]-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-hydroksyfenyl)-4-(4-metoksyfenyl)-6-fenyl-1,3,5-triazin, 2-{2-hydroksy-4-[3-(2-etylheksyl-1-oksy)-2-hydroksypropyloksy]fenyl}-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-1,3,5-triazin.
3. Metalldeaktivatorer, for eksempel N,N'-difenyloksamid, N-salicylal-N'-salicyloyl hydrazin, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)hydrazin, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionyl)hydrazin, 3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazol, bis(benzyliden)oksalyldihydrazid, oksanilid, isoftaloyldihydrazid, sebacoylbisfenylhydrazid, N,N'-diacetyladipoyldihydrazid, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)oksalyldihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)tiopropionyldihydrazid.
4. Fosfitter og fosfonitter, for eksempel trifenylfosfitt, difenylalkylfosfitter, fenyldialkylfosfitter, tris(nonylfenyl)fosfitt, trilaurylfosfitt, trioktadecylfosfitt, distearylpentaerytritoldifosfitt, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylfenyl)fosfitt, diisodecylpentaerytritoldifosfitt, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylfenyl)pentaerytritoldifosfitt, bis(2,4-dikumylfenyl)pentaerytritoldifosfitt, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-metylfenyl)pentaerytritoldifosfitt, diisodecyloksypentaerytritoldifosfitt, bis(2,4-di-tertbutyl-6-metylenyl)pentaerytritol- difosfitt, bis(2,4,6-tris(tertbutylfenyl)pentaerytritoldifosfitt, tristearylsorbitol- trifosfitt, tetrakis(2,4-di-tertbutylfenyl) 4,4'-bifenylendifosfonitt, 6-isooktyloksy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenz[d,g]-1,3,2-dioksafosfocin, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-metylfenyl) metylfosfitt, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-metylenyl) etylfosfitt, 6-fluoro-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-metyldibenz[d,g]-1,3,2-dioksafosfocin, 2,2',2''-nitrilo[trietyltris(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-bifenyl-2,2'-diyl)fosfitt], 2-etylheksyl(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-bifenyl-2,2'-diyl)fosfitt, 5-butyl-5-etyl-2-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylfenoksy)-1,3,2-dioksafospiran.
Følgende fosfitter er foretrukket:
Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylfenyl) fosfitt (Irgafos<®>168, Ciba-Geigy), tris(nonylfenyl) fosfitt,
5. Hydroksylamine, for eksempel N,N-dibenzylhydroksylamin, N,N-dietylhydroksylamin, N,N-dioktylhydroksylamin, N,N-dilaurylhydroksylamin, N,N-ditetradecylhydroksylamin, N,N-diheksadecylhydroksylamin, N,N-dioktadecylhydroksylamin, N-heksadecyl-N-oktadecylhydroksylamin, N-heptadecyl-N-oktadecylhydroksylamin, N,N-dialkylhydroksylamin avledet fra hydrogenert talgamin.
6. Nitroner, for eksempel N-benzyl-alfa-fenylnitron, N-etyl-alfa-metylnitron, N-oktylalfa-heptylnitron, N-lauryl-alfa-undecylnitron, N-tetradecyl-alfa-trideylnitron, N-heksadecyl-alfa-pentadecylnitron, N-oktadecyl-alfa-heptadecylnitron, N-heksadecylalfa-heptadecylnitron, N-oktadecyl-alfa-pentadecylnitron, N-heptadecyl-alfa-heptadecylnitron, N-oktadecyl-alfa-heksadecylnitron, nitron avledet fra N,N-dialkylhydroksylamin avledet fra hydrogener talgamin.
7. Tiosynergister, for eksempel dilauryltiodipropionat eller distearyltiodipropionat.
8. Peroksidfangere, for eksempel estere av β-tiodipropionsyre, for eksempel lauryl, stearyl, myristyl eller tridecylestere, merkaptobenzimidazol eller sinksaltet av 2-merkaptobenzimidazol, sinkdibutylditiokarbamat, dioktadecyldisulfid, pentaerytritol tetrakis( β-dodecylmerkapto)propionat.
9. Polyamidstabilisatorer, for eksempel, kobbersalter i kombinasjon med jodider og/eller fosforforbindelser og salter av divalent mangan.
10. Basiske ko-stabilisatorer, for eksempel melamin, polyvinylpyrrolidon, dicyandiamid, triallylcyanurat, ureaderivater, hydrazinderivaters, amine, polyamider, polyuretaner, alkalimetallsalter og jordalkalimetallsalter av høyere fettsyrer, for eksempel kalsiumstearat, sinkstearat, magnesiumbehenat, magnesiumstearat, natriumricinoleat og kaliumpalmitat, antimonpyrokatekolat eller sinkpyrokatekolat.
11. Vanlige nukleeringsmidler, for eksempel, uorganiske substanser, slik som talkum, metal oksider, slik som titandioksid eller magnesiumoksid, fosfater, karbonater eller sulfater av, foretrukket, jordalkalimetaller; organiske forbindelser, slike som mono- eller polykarboksylsyrer og salter derav, for eksempel 4-tert-butylbenzosyre, adipinsyre, difenyleddiksyre, natriumsuccinat eller natiumbenzoat; polymere forbindelser, slike som ioniske kopolymerer (ionomerer). Særlig foretrukket er 1,3:2,4-bis(3’,4’-dimetylbenzyliden)sorbitol, 1,3:2,4-di(parametyldibenzyliden)sorbitol og 1,3:2,4-di(benzyliden)sorbitol.
12. Andre additiver, for eksempel mykgjørere, smøremidler, reologiadditiver, katalysatorer, strømningskontrollmidler, optiske lysemidler, flammebekjempende midler, antistatiske midler og blåsemidler.
13. Benzofuranoner og indolinoner, for eksempel de som er beskrevet i US-A-4.325.863; US-A-4.338.244; US-A-5.175.312; US-A-5.216.052; US-A-5.252.643; DE-A-4316611; DE-A-4316622; DE-A-4316876; EP-A-0589839 eller EP-A-0591102 eller 3-[4-(2-acetoksyetoksy)fenyl]-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-on, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-stearoyloksyetoksy)fenyl]benzofuran-2-on, 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-[2-hydroksyetoksy]fenyl)benzofuran-2-on], 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-etoksyfenyl)benzofuran-2-on, 3-(4-acetoksy-3,5-dimetylfenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-on, 3-(3,5-dimetyl-4-pivaloyloksyfenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-on, 3-(3,4-dimetylenyl)-5,7-di-tertbutylbenzofuran-2-on, 3-(2,3-dimetylfenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-on.
Vektforholdet mellom β-nukleeringsmidler og vanlig additiv er for eksempel 1:1000 til 100:1, foretrukket 1:100 til 100:1, 1:90 til 90:1, 1:80 til 80:1, 1:70 til 70:1, 1:60 til 60:1, 1:50 til 50:1, 1:40 til 40:1, 1:30 til 30:1, 1:20 til 20:1, 1:10 til 10:1, 1:5 til 5:1, 1:4 til 4:1, 1:3 til 3:1, 1:2 til 2:1 eller 1:1. Generelt er det vanlige additivet tilstede i sammensetningen ifølge oppfinnelsen i en mengde på foretrukket 0,0001 til 5% eller 0,001 til 3%, særlig 0,01 til 2% eller 0,01 til 0,25%, relativt til vekten av komponent (1).
Polypropylenharpiksen inneholder foretrukket en eller flere prosess- stabilisatorer, for eksempel i en mengde på 0,001 til 2%, relativt til vekten av polypropylenharpiksen.
Med harpikssammensetningene kan forholdet mellom α- og β-former i sluttproduktet kontrolleres hvis ønskelig ved egnede størkningsbetingelser. Det er mulig å kontrollere forholdet mellom α- og β-form ved passende utvelgelse av kjølebetingelser under de ovenfor nevnte støpebetingelsene. Denne karakteristikken er særlig fordelaktig ved overflateoppriving, for eksempel, av biaksialt orienterte filmer og fibrer. Film som har slik opprevet overflate, fremviser svært gode antiblokkerings-egenskaper, trykkbarhet og adhesjon etc. og har stor anvendelse innen feltene pakkefilm, trykkpapir, sporepapir, olje-immersjon type plastikk kondensatorer osv.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en monoaksial-orientert film eller en biaksial-orientert film som har blitt dannet ved strekking av en film som inneholder en sammensetning som beskrevet ovenfor.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår videre et flersjiktssystem hvori et eller flere sjikt inneholder en sammensetning som beskrevet ovenfor.
Forbindelsene med formel (I) kan fremstilles analogt med kjente fremgangsmåter, for eksempel ved å omsette et passende amin med 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyretriklorid som beskrevet for eksempel i standardarbeider slike som Houben-Weyl, “Methoden der Organischen Chemie”, publisert av Georg Thieme, Stuttgart), under reaksjonsbetingelser som er kjente. Ved utførelse av disse reaksjonene er det også mulig å ta fordel av varianter i og for seg kjente som ikke er spesifikt nevnt her. Utgangssubstansene kan, hvis ønskelig, også dannes in situ, men ikke isolere dem ut fra reaksjonsblandingen, men umiddelbart omsette dem videre forbindelsene med formel (I). Arbeidseksempler A til C beskriver en representativ fremgangsmåte for fremstillingen.
Eksempler på passende aminer er:
isopropylamin,
n-butylamin,
sec-butylamin
tert-butylamin,
n-pentylamin,
1,1-dimetylpropylamin,
1,2-dimetylpropylamin,
3-metylbutylamin,
n-heksylamin,
n-heptylamin,
n-oktylamin,
2-etylheksylamin,
tert-oktylamin (1,1,3,3-tetrametylbutylamin),
isononylamin,
n-dodecylamin,
tridecylamin,
talgamin,
2-dimetylaminoetylamin,
2-dietylaminoetylamin,
3-dimetylaminopropylamin,
3-dietylaminopropylamin,
3-metylaminopropylamin,
2-metoksyetylamin,
2-etoksyetylamin,
2-metoksypropylamin,
2-etoksypropylamin,
3-isopropoksypropylamin,
allylamin,
oleylamin,
cyklopentylamin,
cyksloheksylamin,
2-metylcykloheksylamin, cykloheksylmetylamin,
4-metylfenylamin (= 4-metylanilin),
2-etylfenylamin (= 2-etylanilin),
4-etylfenylamin (= 4-etylanilin),
4-isopropylfenylamin (= 4-isopropylanilin),
4-tert-butylfenylamin (= 4-tert-butylanilin),
4-sec-butylfenylamin (= 4-sec-butylanilin),
4-isobutylfenylamin (= 4-isobutylanilin),
3,5-dimetylfenylamin (= 3,5-dimetylanilin),
3,4-dimetylfenylamin (= 3,4-dimetylanilin),
2,4-dimetylfenylamin (= 2,4-dimetylanilin),
2,6-dietylfenylamin (= 2,6-dietylanilin),
2-etyl-6-metylfenylamin (= 2-etyl-6-metylanilin), 2,6-diisopropylfenylamin (= 2,6-diisopropylanilin), 4-metoksyfenylamin (= 4-metoksyanilin),
4-etoksyfenylamin (= 4-etoksyanilin),
4-hydroksyfenylamin (= 4-hydroksyanilin),
4-acetamidofenylamin (= 4-acetamidoanilin),
3-klorofenylamin (= 3-kloroanilin),
2-klorofenylamin (= 2-kloroanilin),
3-kloro-6-metylfenylamin,
2-benzoylfenylamin (= 2-benzoylanilin), 4-fenylaminofenylamin,
4-(fenylazo)fenylamin (= 4-aminoazobenzen),
benzylamin,
2-fenyletylamin,
1-naftylamin,
adamantylamin,
2-picolylamin,
(2-furyl)metylamin,
(2-tetrahydrofuryl)metylamin,
2-pyrimidylamin,
6-metyl-2-pyridylamin,
1,2,4-triazol-3-ylamin, og
2-(1-piperazinyl)etylamin.
Følgende eksempler beskriver foreliggende oppfinnelse mer i detalj.
Med mindre annet er angitt, tidligere eller i det følgende, er alle deler og prosentandeler i forhold til vekt og alle temperaturer er gitt i grader Celsius (°C). "Vanlig opparbeiding” betyr: tilsetting til vann, filtrering av presipitatet, ekstraksjon med organisk løsemiddel og/eller rensing av produktet ved krystallisasjon og/eller kromatografi og/eller sublimasjon.
Eksempel A: Fremstilling av forbindelsen med formel
Forbindelse A-10
4,20 g (33 mmol) av 2,3-dimetylcykloheksylamin (isomer blanding) og 0,1 g tørr LiCl tilsettes under inert atmosfære til 70 ml tørr N-metylpyrrolidinon (NMP) og 15 ml tørr pyridin og avkjøles til 5°C. Deretter blir 2,39 g (9 mmol) 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyre triklorid tilsatt. Reaksjonsblandingen varmes til 75°C og røres. Etter 2 timer blir reaksjonsblandingen tilsatt til 300 ml isvann. Presipitatet filtreres fra. Vanlig opparbeiding (rekrystallisasjon fra N,N-dimetylformamid) gir 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyre tris(2,3-dimetylcykloheksylamid).
Utbytte: 3,28 g (6,10 mmol) = 67,8 % av teoretisk.
Smeltepunkt: 418 °C (under simultan fordamping).
<1>H-NMR (CF3COOD/CDCl31:1): δ = 0,50–2,35 (m, 42H); 3,58-4,55 (m, 3H); 8,50-8,88 (m, 3H).
<13>C-NMR (CF3COOD/CDCl31:1): δ = 5,0-58,0 (alifatiske karbonatomer) 130,8; 134,3; 168,5.
IR (KBr, cm<-1>): 3232; 3065; 2928; 1637; 1550; 1290.
MS (70 eV), m/z: 537 (M<+>, 5 %).
Eksempel B: Fremstilling av forbindelsen med formel
Forbindelse A-9
4,20 g (33 mmol) cyklooktylamin og 0,1 g tørr LiCl tilsettes under inert atmosfære til 70 ml tørr NMP og 15 ml tørr pyridin og avkjøles til 5°C. Deretter blir 2,39 g (9 mmol) av 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyretriklorid tilsatt. Reaksjonsblandingn oppvarmes til 75°C og røres. Etter 2 timer blir reaksjonsblandingen tilsatt til 300 ml isvann. Vanlig opparbeiding (rekrystallisasjon fra N,N-dimetylformamid) gir 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyre tris(cyklooktylamid).
Utbytte: 4,02 g (7,48 mmol) = 83,1 % av teoretisk.
Smeltepunkt: 402°C (under simultan fordamping).
<1>H-NMR (CF3COOD/CDCl31:1): δ = 1,46-2,07 (m, 42H); 4,15-4,36 (m, 3H); 8,66 (s, 3H).
<13>C-NMR (CF3COOD/CDCl31:1): δ = 23,7; 25,5; 27,0; 31,9; 53,2; 130,9; 134,3; 167,9.
IR (KBr, cm<-1>): 3222; 3059; 2922; 1634; 1556; 1285.
MS (70 eV), m/z: 537 (M<+>, 42 %).
Eksempel C: Fremstilling av forbindelsen med formel
Forbindelse A-6
4,26 g (33 mmol) 1,1,3,3-tetrametylbutylamin (tert-oktylamin) og 0,1 g tørr LiCl tilsettes under inert atmosfære til 70 ml tørr NMP og 15 ml tørr pyridin og avkjøles til 5°C. Deretter blir 2,39 g (9 mmol) 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyretriklorid tilsatt. Reaksjonsblandingen varmes til 75°C og røres. Etter 2 timer blir reaksjonsblandingen tilsatt til 300 ml isvann. Presipitatet filtreres fra. Vanlig oppvarbeiding (rekrystallisasjon fra metanol) gir 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyre tris(1,1,3,3-tetrametylbutylamid).
Utbytte: 3,40 g (6,25 mmol) = 69,5 % av teoretisk.
Smeltepunkt: 315°C (under simultan fordamping).
<1>H-NMR (CF3COOD/CDCl31:1): δ = 1,03 (s, 27H); 1,58 (s, 18H); 1,95 (s, 6H); 8,49 (s, 3H).
<13>C-NMR (CF3COOD/CDCl31:1): δ = 28,8; 31,0; 31,8; 51,1; 58,8; 130,3; 135,4; 168,6. IR (KBr, cm<-1>): 3237; 3063; 2955; 1637; 1557; 1228.
MS (70 eV), m/z: 543 (M<+>, 46 %).
Følgende forbindelser A-1 til A-5, A-7 og A-8 som er kjennetegnet ved deres smeltepunkter ble fremstilt analogt. Smeltepunktet bestemmes i et DSC-instrument ved en oppvarmingshastighet på 10 K/min.
Foretrukne eksempler på forbindelser med formel (I) er:
Forbindelse A-1: 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyre tris(benzylamid); smp. = 243°C Forbindelse A-2: 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyre tris(cykloheptylamid); smp. = 394°C*<)>Forbindelse A-3: 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyre tris(3-metylcykloheksylamid);
smp. = 381°C*<)>
Forbindelse A-4: 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyre tris(3,4-dimetylfenylamid);
smp. = 340°C**<)>
Forbindelse A-5: 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyre tris(cyklododecylamid); smp. = 393°C*<)>Forbindelse A-6: 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyre tris(tert-oktylamid); smp. = 315°C*<)>Forbindelse A-7: 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyre tris(S(+)-1-cykloheksyletylamid);
smp. = 397°C*<)>
Forbindelse A-8: 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyre tris(R(-)-1-cykloheksyletylamid);
smp. = 392°C*<)>
Forbindelse A-9: 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyre tris(cyklooktylamid); smp. = 402°C*<)>Forbindelse A-10: 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyre tris(2,3-dimetylcykloheksylamid);
smp. = 418°C*<)>
Forbindelse A-11: 1,3,5-benzentrikarboksylsyre tris(n-butylamid); smp. = 239°C
*) Smelting under simultan fordamping.
**) Smelting under nedbryting.
Generelle fremgangsmåter anvendt i opparbeidingseksempel I er beskrevet nedenfor.
Blandefremgangsmåte:
Til 59,91 g pulverisert polypropylen (ELF-Atochem (RTM); Appryl 3030BN1(RTM)) 90 mg av et pulverisert additiv (0,15 vekt-%) eller en pulverisert blanding av additiver (totalt 0,15 vekt-%) tilsettes og trommelblandes i 24 timer i en glassbeholder. Generelt blir 4,5 g av denne blandingen sammenblandet ved 239°C i en liten skala, laboratorie dobbel-skrue, resirkuleres og koroterende ekstruder, for eksempel MicroCompounder til DACA Instruments (RTM), i en periode på ca.4 minutter med en skruhastighet på 40 rpm, og blir etterfølgende oppsamlet ved romtemperatur. Det rene polypropylenet blir tilsvarende behandlet for å gi en blindkontrollprøve.
Differentiell Skanningkalorimetri (DSC):
Et Perkin-Elmer DSC instrument (RTM) (Modell DSC 7), drevet i en tørr nitrogenatmosfære, ble anvendt for analyse av krystallinsk oppførsel til de forskjellige blandingene og kontrollprøvene, ifølge standardprosedyrer. Ca.5 til 10 mg prøve forsegles i en aluminumkopp, varmes opp fra 130°C til 230°C ved en hastighet på 10°C/min, holdes ved 230°C i 5 minutter, og blir deretter etterfølgende avkjølt ved en hastighet på 10°C/min. til 50°C. Data representert som krystallisasjonstemperaturer er topptemperaturene til eksotermene (dominerende toppminimum) i termogrammene som avleses etter avkjøling.
Injeksjonsstøping:
Injejsjonsstøping utføres med en MicroInjector (DACA Instruments (RTM)). Ca.3,0 g av pelletisert tråd plasseres under et nitrogenteppe i fat ved 260°C. Etter at granulater er fullstendig smeltet, blir smelten injisert inn en polert støpeform med et trykk på ca.8 bar. Smeltetemperaturen er 20°C. Oppsamlede testprøver har en diameter på 2,5 cm og en tykkelse på ca.1,1-1,2 mm.
Optisk karakterisering (transmisjon, klarhet, tåkethet):
Transmisjon, klarhet og tåkethet måles med et tåket-gard pluss instrument (BYK, Gardner (RTM), illumination CIE-C) ved romtemperatur. Tåkethet-gard pluss instrumentet er i overensstemmelse med ASTM D-1003. Transmisjon, klarhet og tåkethetsverdier måles mellom 12-24 timer etter prøvene har blitt oppnådd ved injeksjonsstøping.
Bestemmelse av β-formkrystallinnhold ved vidvinkel røntgenspredning (WAXS)
Et Bruker (RTM) vidvinkel røntgendiffraktometer (Modell D8 Advance) anvendes for analyse av β-modifikasjonsinnholdet til injeksjonstøpte prøver fremstilt som beskrevet ovenfor.
Testprøvene plasseres i en prøveholder i midten mellom kobber K α bestrålingskilde ( λ = 1,54178 Å) og detektorren. prøven plasseres i en posisjon slik at maskinretningen (MD) er parallell med den spalteformede strålen. Denne posisjonen anvendes for å bestemme β-form krystallinnholdet. Diffraksjonsmønsteret avleses fra 2 Θ = 8 – 30°. β-formkrystallinnholdet bestemmes som beskrevet av A. Turner Jones et al., Makromol. Chem.75, 134 (1964) og i US-A-5.491.188 i henhold til følgende ligning:
β-formkrystallinnholdet (%) = 100 x P β 1/(P α 1 P α2+ P α3+ P β 1)
hvor P α 1� til P α3betyr maksimaltopphøyder til α-formen og P β 1 betyr maksimaltopphøyde til β-formen bestemt med vidvinkel røntgenspredning.
P β 1 er en refleksjonsintensitet (høyde) på (300) planet til β-formkrystall.�
P α 1 er en refleksjonsintensitet (høyde) på (110) planet til α-form krystall.�
P α 2 er en refleksjonsintensitet (høyde) på (040) planet til α-form krystall.�
P α 3 er en refleksjonsintensitet (høyde) på (130) planet til α-form krystall.�
Eksempel I:
0,15 vekt-% av forbindelsen indikert i tabell 1 tilsettes til polypropylenharpiksen, bearbeides og karakteriseres i henhold til fremgangsmåtene ovenfor.
Transmisjon, tåkethet, klarhet, rekrystallisasjonstemperatur og β-formkrystallinnhold til polypropylensammensetningen ifølge oppfinnelsen er listet i tabell 1 så vel som tykkelsen til testprøven (platen).
Tabell 1:
Rekrystallisasjonstemperaturen (Tcr) til polypropylenharpiksen uten β-nukleeringsmiddel: 112,0°C
<1)>T*: Rekrystallisasjonstemperatur til polypropylenharpiksen som inneholder βnukleeringsmiddel.
Eksempel II:
2,5 kg polypropylenpulver (Moplen FL F 20 (RTM) til Montell (RTM)) blandes til homogen blanding i en høyhastighetsblander med 0,10% tris(2,4-di-tert-butylfenyl)-fosfitt, 0,05% pentaerytritoltetrakis 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)propionat, 0,10% kalsiumstearat og 0,20% av forbindelse A-10. Denne blandingen ekstruderes i en dobbel-skrue ekstruder fra Berstorff (RTM) ved en temperatur på maksimalt 240°C. Etter trekking av ekstrudatet gjennom et vannbad for avkjøling, blir det granulert.
Injeksjonsstøping (eksempel IIa):
90 mm x 85 mm x 2 mm testpaneler støpes fra disse granuler ved hjelp av en injeksjonsstøpemaskin (Arburg 320 S (RTM)) ved en temperatur på maksimalt 240<o>C (støpetemperatur 50°C).
Sammenpressingstøping (eksempler IIb til IIf):
140 mm x 240 mm x 2 mm tykke testpaneler blir sammenpressingsstøpt fra disse granulene. ̈
Eksempel IIb:
55 g av granuleene smeltes ved T1=240°C i 15 minutter i en smeltepresse Suter LP 322 (RTM). Deretter blir den smeltede polypropylenharpikssammensetningen tilsatt en andre smeltepresse (Suter LP 322 (RTM)) som har en temperatur på T2=60°C. Prøvene presses ved p=10 bar og herdes/krystalliseres i 5 minutter.
Eksempel IIc:
55 g av granulene smeltes ved T1=240°C i 15 minutter i en smeltepresse Suter LP 322 (RTM). Deretter blir den smeltede polypropylenharpikssammensetningen tilsatt en andre smeltepresse (Suter LP 322 (RTM)) som har en temperatur på T2=80°C. Prøvene presses ved p=10 bar og herdes/krystalliseres i 10 minutter.
Eksempel IId:
55 g av granulene smeltes ved T1=240°C i 15 minutter i en smeltepresse Suter LP 322 (RTM). Deretter blir den smeltede polypropylenharpikssammensetningen tilsatt en andre smeltepresse (Suter LP 322 (RTM)) som har en temperatur på T2=100°C. Prøvene presses ved p=10 bar og herdes/krystalliseres i 30 minutter.
Eksekmpel IIe:
55 g av granulene smeltes ved T1=240°C i 15 minutter i en smeltepresse Suter LP 322 (RTM). Deretter blir den smeltede polypropylenharpikssammensetningen tilsatt en andre smeltepresse (Suter LP 322 (RTM)) som har en temperatur på T2=110°C. Prøvene presses ved p=10 bar og herdes/krystalliseres i 60 minutter.
Eksempel IIf:
55 g av granulene smeltes ved T1=240°C i 15 minutter i en smeltepresse Suter LP 322 (RTM). Deretter blir den smeltede polypropylenharpikssammensetningen tilsatt en andre smeltepresse (Suter LP 322 (RTM)) som har en temperatur på T2=120°C. Prøvene presses ved p=10 bar og herdes/krystalliseres i 120 minutter.
β-formkrystallinnholdet til prøvene bestemmes med vidvinkel røntgenspredning (WAXS) og rekrystallisasjonstemperaturen bestemmes ved Differentiell Skanningkalorimetri (DSC) som beskrevet nedenfor. Resultatene er listet i tabell 2.
WAXS:
Et Siemens (RTM) vidvinkel røntgendiffraktometer (Modell D500) anvendes for analyse av β-modifikasjoninnholdet av prøven fremstilt som beskrevet ovenfor. Testprøven plasseres i en prøveholder i midten mellom kobber K α strålekilden ( λ = 1,54178 Å) og detektoren. Prøven roteres i løpet av avlesningen ved 2 rpm. Diffraksjonsmønsteret avleses fra 2 Θ = 5 – 35° ved et trinn på 0,025° og en avlesningstid på 1 sekund. β-formkrystallinnholdet bestemmes som beskrevet under eksempel I.�
DSC:
Et TA Instrument (RTM) DSC apparat (ModelL DSC 2920 Modulert DSC), drevet i en tørr nitrogenatmosfære, anvendes for analysen for krystallisasjonsoppførsel til de forskjellige blandingene og kontrollprøvene, i henhold til standard prosedyrer. Ca.5 til 10 mg av prøven forsegles i en aluminumkopp, varmes fra omgivelsestemperatur til 240°C ved en hastighet på 10 K/min, holdes ved 240°C i 5 minutter, og blir deretter avkjølt ved en hastighet på 10 K/min til omgivelsestemperatur. Data representert som krystallisasjonstemperaturer er topptemperaturene til eksotermene (dominerende toppminimum) i termogrammene som avleses etter avkjøling.
Tabell 2:
Rekrystallisasjonstemperatur (Tcr) til polypropylenharpiksen (komponent (1)) uten βnukleeringsmiddel: 109,0°C.
Rekrystallisasjonstemperatur (T*) til polypropylenharpiksen som inneholder 0,20 vekt-% forbindelse A-10: 124,1°C.
Eksempel III:
Sammenblanding:
5 kg av polypropylenhomopolymer (Moplen (RTM) PH 350 (RTM) fra Montell (RTM)) pulver blandes til homogen blanding i en høyhastighetsblander med 0,10% tris(2,4-di-tert-butylfenyl)fosfitt, 0,05% pentaerytritoltetrakis 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)propionat, 0,10% kalsiumstearat og forskjellige mengder forbindelse A-10 (0,025, 0,05 eller 0,1 vekt-%, relativt til vekten av polypropylenhomopolymer pulveret). Denne blandingen blir deretter ekstrudert i en dobbelt-skruekstruder fra Berstorff (RTM) (skrudiameter 25 mm, L/D forhold: 46) ved en temperatur på maksimalt 230°C. Etter trekking av ekstrudatet gjennom et vannbad for avkjøling, blir det granulert.
Castfilmfremstilling:
Castfilmer fremstilles ved anvendelse av en enkel skruekstruder (Dr. Collin, E 30M) utstyrt med en castfilmlinje (Dr. Collin CR136/350) ved temperaturer på 230°C (ekstruder) og 115°C (avkjølingsvalse). Castfilmer fremstilles ved en tykkelse på 0,2 mm og 1 mm.
Fremstilling av biaksialorienterte filmer:
Testprøvefremstilling: Testprøver kuttes i 85 mm x 85 mm stykker fra castfilmen. Strekking utføres i en biaksial strekkemaskin fra Brückner Karo IV ved en Hencky belastning på 0,1 s<-1>.
Initiell størrelse L0 (mm): MD x TD = 70 x 70 (clipsdistanse 70 mm) forhåndsoppvarmingstid: 40 sek /150°C
Settclipstemperatur: 95°C
Claims (12)
- Patentkrav 1. Monoaksialt orientert film eller biaksialt orientert film som er dannet ved strekking av en film inneholdende en sammensetning omfattende (1) en krystallinsk polypropylenharpiks og (2) et eller flere β-nukleerende midler av formel (I),hvori R1, R2og R3, uavhengig av hverandre, er C1-C20alkyl, C2-C20alkyl substituert med C1-C10alkylamino, di(C1-C10alkyl)amino, C1-C10alkyloksy eller hydroksy; C3-C20alkenyl, C5-C12cykloalkyl, C5-C12cykloalkyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C10alkyl; cykloheksylmetyl; cykloheksylmetyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C10alkyl; C5-C9cykloalkenyl, C5-C9cykloalkenyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C10alkyl; fenyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 radikaler utvalgt fra gruppen som består av C1-C10alkyl, C1-C10alkyloksy, hydroksy, halogen, trihalogenmetyl, trihalogenmetoksy, benzoyl, fenylamino, acylamino og fenylazo; C7-C9fenylalkyl, C7-C9fenylalkyl som er substituert på fenylet med 1, 2 eller 3 radikaler utvalgt fra gruppen som består av C1-C10alkyl, C1-C10alkoksy og hydroksy; naftyl, naftyl substituert med C1-C10alkyl; adamantyl, eller en 5 til 6 leddet heterocyklisk gruppe, k a r a k t e r i s e r t v e d at polypropylenharpiksen har et innhold av β-formkrystallerpå minst 10 %, beregnet ved hjelp av følgende ligning: � β-formkrystallinnhold (%) = 100 x P β 1/(P α 1 P α2+ P α3+ P β 1) hvor P α 1� til P α3er respektive topphøyder (maksima) til α-formen og P β 1 er en topphøyde (maksimum) til β-formen bestemt med vidvinkel røntgenspredning.
- 2. Film ifølge krav 1, hvor polypropylenharpiksen er en polypropylenhomopolymer.
- 3. Film ifølge krav 1, hvor polypropylenharpiksen er en polypropylenrandomkopolymer, alternerende eller segmentert kopolymer eller blokkopolymer som inneholder en eller flere komonomerer utvalgt fra gruppen som består av etylen, C4-C20α-olefin, vinylcykloheksan, vinylcykloheksen, C4-C20alkandien, C5-C12cykloalkandien og norbornenderivativer.
- 4. Film ifølge krav 1, hvor polypropylenharpiksen er et termoplastisk polyolefin (TPO).
- 5. Film ifølge krav 1, hvor polypropylenharpiksen i tillegg inneholder en ytterligere polymer som er forskjellig fra polypropylenharpiksen.
- 6. Film ifølge krav 1, hvor R1, R2og R3, uavhengig av hverandre, er C1-C20alkyl, C2-C10alkyl substituert med C1-C4alkylamino, di(C1-C4alkyl)amino, C1-C4alkyloksy eller hydroksy; C3-C20alkenyl, C5-C12cykloalkyl, C5-C12cykloalkyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C4alkyl; cykloheksylmetyl; cykloheksylmetyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C4alkyl; fenyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 radikaler utvalgt fra gruppen som består av C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkyloksy eller hydroksy, benzyl, benzyl som er substituert på fenylet med 1, 2 eller 3 radikaler utvalgt fra gruppen som består av C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoksy og hydroksy; naftyl, eller naftyl substituert med C1-C4alkyl.
- 7. Film ifølge krav 1, hvor R1, R2og R3, uavhengig av hverandre, er C1-C20alkyl, C2-C6alkyl substituert med C1-C4alkylamino, di(C1-C4alkyl)amino eller C1-C4alkyloksy; C5-C12cykloalkyl, C5-C12cykloalkyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C4alkyl; cykloheksylmetyl; cykloheksylmetyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C4alkyl; fenyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C4alkyl; benzyl, benzyl som er substituert på fenylet med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C4alkyl; eller naftyl.
- 8. Film ifølge krav 1, hvor R1, R2og R3, uavhengig av hverandre, er butyl, oktyl eller oktadecyl, 3-dimetylaminopropyl, 3-metoksypropyl eller 2-metoksyetyl, cykloheksyl, cykloheptyl, cyklooktyl eller cyklododecyl, 3-metylcykloheksyl eller 2,3-dimetylcykloheksyl, 1-cykloheksyletyl, 3,4-dimetylfenyl, benzyl, eller naftyl.
- 9. Film ifølge krav 1, hvor R1, R2og R3er identiske og er 2,3-dimetylcykloheksyl, tertoktyl eller cyklooktyl.
- 10. Film ifølge krav 1, hvor R1, R2og R3er identiske.
- 11. Film ifølge krav 1, hvor polypropylenharpiksen har et innhold av β-formkrystaller på minst 20 %.
- 12. Flerlagssystem, hvori ett eller flere lag inneholder en sammensetning omfattende (1) en krystallinsk polypropylenharpiks og (2) et eller flere β-nukleerende midler av formel (I),hvori R1, R2og R3, uavhengig av hverandre, er C1-C20alkyl, C2-C20alkyl substituert med C1-C10alkylamino, di(C1-C10alkyl)amino, C1-C10alkyloksy eller hydroksy; C3-C20alkenyl, C5-C12cykloalkyl, C5-C12cykloalkyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C10alkyl; cykloheksylmetyl; cykloheksylmetyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C10alkyl; C5-C9cykloalkenyl, C5-C9cykloalkenyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 C1-C10alkyl; fenyl substituert med 1, 2 eller 3 radikaler utvalgt fra gruppen som består av C1-C10alkyl, C1-C10alkyloksy, hydroksy, halogen, trihalogenmetyl, trihalogenmetoksy, benzoyl, fenylamino, acylamino og fenylazo; C7-C9fenylalkyl, C7-C9fenylalkyl som er substituert på fenylet med 1, 2 eller 3 radikaler utvalgt fra gruppen som består av C1-C10alkyl, C1-C10alkoksy og hydroksy; naftyl, naftyl substituert med C1-C10alkyl; adamantyl, eller en 5 til 6 leddet heterocyklisk gruppe, k a r a k t e r i s e r t v e d at polypropylenharpiksen har et innhold av β-formkrystallerpå minst 10 %, beregnet ved hjelp av følgende ligning: � β-formkrystallinnhold (%) = 100 x P β 1/(P α 1 P α2+ P α3+ P β 1) hvor P α 1� til P α3er respektive topphøyder (maksima) til α-formen og P β 1 er en topphøyde (maksimum) til β-formen bestemt med vidvinkel røntgenspredning.
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US8097221B2 (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2012-01-17 | Multisorb Technologies, Inc. | Lamp assembly |
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BR0311345A (pt) | 2005-02-22 |
DE60309863T2 (de) | 2007-10-18 |
JP2005528498A (ja) | 2005-09-22 |
TW200400974A (en) | 2004-01-16 |
MXPA04011840A (es) | 2005-03-31 |
IL165153A0 (en) | 2005-12-18 |
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RU2318841C2 (ru) | 2008-03-10 |
DE60309863D1 (de) | 2007-01-04 |
US7423088B2 (en) | 2008-09-09 |
CA2486940A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
US20050203226A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
ATE346111T1 (de) | 2006-12-15 |
EP1507825B1 (en) | 2006-11-22 |
NO20045482L (no) | 2004-12-16 |
BR0311345B1 (pt) | 2013-03-05 |
CN100338127C (zh) | 2007-09-19 |
PT1507825E (pt) | 2007-02-28 |
KR20050005482A (ko) | 2005-01-13 |
CN1656164A (zh) | 2005-08-17 |
TWI314568B (en) | 2009-09-11 |
IL165153A (en) | 2008-07-08 |
AU2003242561A1 (en) | 2003-12-19 |
AU2003242561B2 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
WO2003102069A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
EP1507825A1 (en) | 2005-02-23 |
RU2004139039A (ru) | 2005-08-10 |
CA2486940C (en) | 2011-03-08 |
KR100943687B1 (ko) | 2010-02-23 |
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