NO173212B - Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av et oftalmologisk preparat - Google Patents
Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av et oftalmologisk preparat Download PDFInfo
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- NO173212B NO173212B NO863916A NO863916A NO173212B NO 173212 B NO173212 B NO 173212B NO 863916 A NO863916 A NO 863916A NO 863916 A NO863916 A NO 863916A NO 173212 B NO173212 B NO 173212B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- active substance
- eye
- preparation
- liquid
- polysaccharide
- Prior art date
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- WKSAUQYGYAYLPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimethamine Chemical compound CCC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=C1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WKSAUQYGYAYLPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AZJPTIGZZTZIDR-UHFFFAOYSA-L rose bengal Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1C1=C2C=C(I)C(=O)C(I)=C2OC2=C(I)C([O-])=C(I)C=C21 AZJPTIGZZTZIDR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- URWAJWIAIPFPJE-YFMIWBNJSA-N sisomycin Chemical compound O1C[C@@](O)(C)[C@H](NC)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](CC=C(CN)O2)N)[C@@H](N)C[C@H]1N URWAJWIAIPFPJE-YFMIWBNJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVVRRDZBTZGGCT-WKSAPEMMSA-M sodium;[2-[(8s,9r,10s,11s,13s,14s,16r,17r)-9-fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-10,13,16-trimethyl-3-oxo-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-oxoethyl] sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)COS([O-])(=O)=O)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O DVVRRDZBTZGGCT-WKSAPEMMSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- VSQQQLOSPVPRAZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N trifluridine Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(C(F)(F)F)=C1 VSQQQLOSPVPRAZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N vancomycin Natural products O1C(C(=C2)Cl)=CC=C2C(O)C(C(NC(C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C=2C(O)=CC=C3C=2)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C3NC(=O)C2NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC)C(O)C(C=C3Cl)=CC=C3OC3=CC2=CC1=C3OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1OC1CC(C)(N)C(O)C(C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-O vancomycin(1+) Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=C2C=C3C=C1OC1=CC=C(C=C1Cl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](C3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C=3C(O)=CC=C1C=3)C([O-])=O)=O)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(C(=C1)Cl)O2)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)[NH2+]C)[C@H]1C[C@](C)([NH3+])[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-O 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/04—Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår fremstilling av farmasøytiske preparater inneholdende minst ett polysaccharid i vandig oppløsning, av den type som gjennomgår en væske-gelfase-omdannelse under virkning av en økning i ionestyrken.
De farmasøytiske preparater fremstilt ifølge oppfinnelsen er av den type som gjennomgår væske-gelfase-omdannelse under virkningen av en økning i ionestyrken.
De er i særdeleshet beregnet på å bringes i kontakt
med fysiologiske væsker. Således finner omdannelsen sted ved kontakten, etter som de fysiologiske væsker har en høyere tonisitet enn angitte preparater.
Preparatene fremstilt ifølge oppfinnelsen er anvend-bare for oftalmisk bruk, idet den dannede gel således har funksjon som en form med langsom frigivelse.
En stor prosent av legemidler administrert til øyet, tapes som et resultat av tåretømning, og dette gjelder spesielt i tilfelle av en væskeformig formulering. Som et resultat av denne tømning vil bare en liten fraksjon av den administrerte dose forbli i kontakt med cornea i noen få minutter, og en enda mindre fraksjon trenger inn i øyet.
For å overvinne denne ulempe er det kjent å anvende viskøse løsninger, geler, øyesalver eller faste øyeimplantater.
Fremskritt er blitt gjort når det gjelder utlever-
ing av legemidler ved anvendelse av disse galeniske former, spesielt ved anvendelse av faste implantater, ved hjelp av hvilke det er mulig å redusere i stor grad dosene av aktiv bestanddel i formuleringen, mens det opprettholdes en terapeutisk respons ekvivalent med den som ville bli fremkalt av en øye-lotion hvor den sistnevnte i tillegg måtte administreres mere hyppig.
Enkelte av disse implantater virker ved diffusjon.
Ved f .eks. "Ocuserr"0*'-systemet muliggjør en ukentlig administrering av en oval linse i bindehinnesekken at aktiv bestanddel kan utleveres ved diffusjon, men denne linse må fjernes etter, bruk, hvilket er en kilde til problemer for pasientene.
Andre virker ved oppløsning, og da implantatene i dette tilfelle enten er løselige eller autonedbrytbare ("Lacrisert(^r)"-s<y>steme<t>), er deres virkningsvarighet mye kortere.
I alle tilfelle utviser de faste implantater en hovedulempe ved at mange pasienter finner det vanskelig å tolerere innføring av den faste gjenstand representert ved dette implantat i bindehinnesekken.
For å løse dette problem kan galeniske former anvendes som er væskeformige ved romtemperatur og sikrer en halvfast form ved menneskelig kroppstemperatur. Slike utleverings-systemer er beskrevet i US patentskrift 4 188 373 som foreslår bruk av "Pluronic<®> polyoler".
Disse "Pluronic® polyoler" er termisk gelerende polymerer hvori polymerkonsentrasjonen er valgt i henhold til den ønskede væske-gel-omdannelsestemperatur.
Med de kommersielt tilgjengelige "Pluronic<®> polymerer" er det imidlertid vanskelig å oppnå en gel med egnet stivhet samtidig som omdannelsestemperaturen opprettholdes ved fysiologiske temperaturer som er i størrelsesorden 25-26°C.
På lignende måte beskriver kanadisk patentskrift 1.072.413 systemer inneholdende et terapeutisk eller annet middel (poloxamer) hvis geleringstemperatur gjøres høyere enn romtemperatur ved anvendelse av additiver.
De termisk gelerende systemer har mange ulemper, inn-befattende risiko for gelering før administrering ved en økning av omgivende temperatur under forpakning eller lagring.
US patentskrift 4 47 4 751 angår andre systemer for utlevering av legemidler basert på termogelering av geler, men disse systemer krever meget store mengder av polymerer, og dette tolereres ikke alltid godt av øyet.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår således en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et oftalmologisk preparat beregnet for administrering som en ikke-gelert vandig form og/eller for gelering in situ, og som er kjennetegnet ved at en bærer tilpasset for oftalmologisk bruk blandes med en vandig løsning inneholdende 0,1 til 2,0 vekt% av minst ett polysaccharid av den type som gjennomgår væske-gelfaseomdannelse-gelering in situ under virkningen av økt ionestyrke ved kontakt med tårevæsken som har som dets basis tetrasaccharidenhet ->3 ) -p-D-Glcp- (1-4) -p-D-GlcpA- (1-4) -p-D-Glcp- (l-»4) -a-L-Rhap- (1-» som eventuelt er delvis O-acetylert på dets p-D-glycopyran-osylrester.
Preparatet som har form av en væske før innføring i øyet, gjennomgår således en væske-gelfase-omdannelse, og forandres således fra væskefase til gelfase så snart det innføres i øyet, som et resultat av ionestyrken av den fysiologiske væske som i foreliggende tilfelle er tårevæsken.
Dette nye oftalmologiske preparat er en forbausende fordelaktig, form av flere grunner. Da nærvær av tårevæske er nødvendig for å fremkalle geldarinelse, vil ethvert tilfeldig spill av løsning utenfor øyet ikke føre til geldannelse. I motsetning til de termisk gelerende systemer kan enn videre en økning i den omgivende temperatur ikke føre til gelering av løsningen under lagring.
Den anvendte polymer kan enn videre også danne en
gel ved konsentrasjoner 10 til 100 ganger lavere enn de som anvendes i systemer som involverer termogelering. Den tolereres således meget bra av øyet.
Når. disse preparater inneholder en farmasøytisk
aktiv substans, vil et slikt utleveringssystem gjøre det mulig å oppnå stor biotilgjengelighet av produktet, og konsentrasjoner av den aktive bestanddel som er vedvarende med hensyn til tiden, som er fordeler ved et langsomt utleveringssystem.
Når det gjelder allerede gelerte eller halvfaste preparater, er det enn videre ikke mulig å administrere disse med volumetriske midler, spesielt når de kommer fra en fler-dosebeholder. For å administrere disse i reproduserbare mengder, er man tvunget til å anvende gravimetriske midler.
Preparatene fremstilt ifølge oppfinnelsen utviser derimot den fordel som er tilknyttet væskeformige, oftalmiske preparater, nemlig reproduserbar og nøyaktig dosering, ved volumetriske midler, av den aktive bestanddel, og utviser på den annen side de fordeler som er kjent for systemer i stiv eller halvfast gel-form, vedrørende utlevering av den aktive substans.
Preparatet har følgelig hverken de ulemper med tap
av aktiv bestanddel som er karakteristisk for enkle væskeformige preparater, heller ikke de utiltalende trekk ved faste implantatsysterner, og heller ikke de administrerings-vanskeligheter som er forbundet med gelerte eller halvfaste preparater.
Det er blitt vist at vandige polysaccharidløsninger av den type som gjennomgår væske-gelfase-omdannelse under virkningen av en økning i ionestyrken, og som er spesielt egnet i henhold til oppfinnelsen, er løsninger av et polysaccharid erholdt ved fermentering av en mikroorganisme.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen anvendes således fortrinnsvis et ekstracellulært, anionisk heteropolysaccharid utviklet av bakter-ien Pseudomonas elodea og som er kjent under navnet gellangummi.
Dette polysaccharid, fremstilt av Kelco & Co., er allerede blitt anvendt som et geleringsmiddel for dyrknings-medier og også i næringsmidler. Strukturen av dette polysaccharid består av følgende tetrasaccharidrepeterende enhet:
som kan, eller kan ikke, være delvis O-acetylert på dets )8-D-glucopyranose (/f-D-Glcp) -rester.
Fremstilling av slike polysaccharider i naturlig og deacetylert form er beskrevet i særdeleshet i US patentskrifter 4.326.053 og 4.326.052, og deres struktur er blitt beskrevet,
i særdeleshet av Jansson & Lindberg, Carbohydr. res. 124 (1983), 135-9.
Vandige løsninger inneholdende 0,1 til 2,0 vekt% gellangummi, og spesielt produktet kjent ved varemerket Gelrite®, som er en acetylfattig kvalitet av gellangummi, er viskøse ved lav ionestyrke, men gjennomgår en væskegelomdan-nelse når ionestyrken økes, og dette er tilfelle når denne vandige løsning innføres i øyet.
Stivheten av gelen kan modifiseres ved justering av polymerkonsentrasjonen.
Gellangummiproduktet har ikke bare den egenskap at det forandres fra væske til fast fase når det anbringes i et medium med høyere ionestyrke, men det utviser også to ytter-ligere fordelaktige egenskaper.
(r)
Gelrite^er i vandig løsning tixotrop (fig. 1) og termoplastisk (fig. 2).
Disse to egenskaper gjør det mulig at dets fluiditet kan økes ved risting eller forsiktig oppvarming av prøven før administrering til øyet. Fig. 1 viser rheologien av en 0,6% vandig løsning av Gelrite®ved 20°C (skjærespenning (Pa) mot skjærehastighet (sek<-1>)). Fig. 2 viser adferden av skjærespenning (Pa) mot temperatur (°C) (ved en konstant skjærehastighet på 86 sek-under"''") av en 0,6% Gelrite® løsning, etter en 30% fortynning: 1) i destillert vann;
2) i en simulert tårevæske.
Dette sistnevnte tilfelle i fig. 2 2) viser økningen i viskositet resulterende fra fortynning av Gelrite® i en simulert tårevæske.
Geldannelsen i en kanins øye etter drypping av 20^,ul av en løsning inneholdende 0,4 vekt% Gelrite® i avionisert vann, er således blitt demonstrert.
De oftalmiske preparater fremstilt ifølge oppfinnelsen kan anvendes som sådanne ved forskjellige anvendelsesområder, og f.eks. for å opprettholde riktig hydratisering av øyet (behandling av tørt øye-syndrom).
Enn videre fremgår det at de oftalmiske preparater fremstilt ifølge oppfinnelsen er spesielt egnet for administrering til øyet av enhver farmasøytisk aktiv substans som administreres for legende og/eller diagnostisk formål.
Med farmasøytisk aktiv substans skal forstås ett eller flere legemidler og/eller ett eller flere diagnostiske midler. Enhver aktiv substans kan utleveres ved preparatene fremstilt ifølge oppfinnelsen. Den aktive substans er fortrinnsvis løse-lig i vann, selv om enkelte aktive substanser utviser større løselighet enn andre i de vandige polysaccharidløsninger ifølge oppfinnelsen. Enn videre kan aktive substanser foreligge i sus-pensjon eller i emulsjon (f.eks. emulsjoner av oljedroplets, komplekse lipide materialer, liposomer) i de vandige poly-saccharidløsninger .
Den foretrukne farmasøytisk aktive substans er timolol eller et av dets derivater.
Timolol kan anvendes alene eller i kombinasjon med andre farmasøytisk aktive midler.
Mengdene vedrørende den vandige gellangummiløsning gjør det mulig å oppnå en egnet gelkonsistens og kompensere for tapet fremkalt ved steriliseringsprosedyrer anvendt under frem-gangsmåten for fremstilling av disse oftalmiske preparater.
Andre additiver kan også anvendes i de oftalmiske preparater. Disse er i særdeleshet andre polymerer egnet for topisk administrering til øyet, små mengder av syrer eller baser for justering av pH til verdier egnet for administrering til øyet, ikke-ioniske tonisitetsjusterende midler, overflate-aktive midler, midler for regulering av bakteriell forurens-ning, eller f.eks. andre additiver for oppløseliggjøring eller stabilisering av den aktive substans, eller et hvilket som helst annet additiv som medhjelper ved formuleringen.
Om nødvendig, kan en gelfremkallende effekt av ioni-serte aktive substanser, som f.eks. er innarbeidet i preparatene, nøytraliseres ved tilsetning til formuleringen av et egnet ionepar-dannende middel.
Eksempelvis kan den svakt gelerende effekt fremkalt ved tilsetning av 0,1 mg/ml benzalkoniumklorid i en Gelrité®-løsning elimineres ved tilsetning av en liten mengde eddik-syre. Det er i tillegg blitt demonstrert at Gelrite<®->løsninger er forenelige med andre formuleringsbestanddeler slik som forskjellige buffere og potensielle ionepar-dannende midler.
Som det vil fremgå fra eksemplene, kan mannitol anvendes i preparatene for å regulere tonisiteten på mediet uten å forandre de gelerende egenskaper.
Andre tonisitetsjusterende midler kan anvendes, f.eks. sorbitol eller et hvilket som helst sukker.
For administrering til øyet administreres de oftalmiske preparater fremstilt ifølge oppfinnelsen i væskeform med et hvilket som helst konvensjonelt middel for utlevering av dråper, slik som en øye-drypper eller f.eks. det såkalte "Ocumeter®'-system.
Preparatene kan administreres på vanlig måte for øyelotions i det indre av bindehinnesekken på utsiden av øyet.
Eksempelvis vil en dråpe av væskeformig preparat inneholdende 25 mg oftalmisk preparat, muliggjøre en administrering av aktiv substans på fra 0,0025 mg til 1,25 mg.
De aktive substanser eller legemidler, eller diagnostiske midler anvendt i de farmasøytiske preparater, er fortrinnsvis egnet for behandling av den sykdom pasienten lider av og/eller den diagnostiske metode som man ønsker å anvende.
Hvis f.eks. pasienten lider av glaucoma, er den aktive substans fortrinnsvis en betablokker slik som timolol eller et av dets derivater.
Toksikologiske studier har vist den gode tolererbar-het av gellangummier, idet akutte, orale toksisitetstester på rotter viser at den letale dose 50 (LD^q) er større enn 5000 mg pr. kg, og akutte toksisitetstester ved inhalering viser at en eksponering for rotter i 4 timer overfor en nominell konsen-trasjon på 6,09 mg/l ikke fremkaller dødsfall hos noe dyr i en gruppe på 10 dyr, hvilket indikerer at den letale konsent 50 (LC50) er større enn 6,09 mg/l.
Øyeirritasjonstester av Draize-type på kaniner viser at produktet ikke betraktes som et øyeirriterende produkt.
Når disse preparater inneholder en aktiv substans, er målet ved et slikt system for utlevering av den aktive substans å oppnå stor biotilgjengelighet av substansen og konsentrasjoner av denne substans som er vedvarende med tiden.
Legemidlene eller de diagnostiske midler som kan administreres ved hjelp av de oftalmiske preparater er f.eks.: antibakterielle substanser slik som beta-lactam-antibiotika, slik som cefoxitin, n-formamidoylthienamycin og andre thiena-mycinderivater, tetracykliner, kloramfenicol, neomycin, carbeni-cillin, colistin, penicillin G, polymyxin B, vancomycin, cefazolin, cefaloridin, chibrorifamycin, gramicidin, bacitracin og sulfonamider; aminoglycosid-antibiotika slik som gentamycin, kanamycin, amikacin, sisomicin og tobramycin; nalidixinsyre og dets analoger slik som norfloxacin og den anti-mikrobielle kombinasjon fluoralanin/pentizidon, nitrofurazoner og analoger derav; antihistaminer og dekongestante midler slik som pyrilamin, klorfeniramin, tetrahydrazolin, antazolin og analoger derav; antiinflammatoriske midler slik som cortison, hydrocortison, hydrocortisonacetat, betamethason, dexamethason, dexamethason-natriumfosfat, prednison, methylprednisolon, medryson, fluor-metholon, prednisolon, prednisolon-natriumfosfat, triamcinolon, indomethacin, sulindac, dets salter og tilsvarende sulfider, og analoger derav; miotiske og anticholinerge midler slik som echothiofat, pilocarpin, fysostigminsalicylat, diisopropylfluorfosfat, epinefrin, dipivaloylepinefrin, neostigmin, echothiopatjodid, demecarium-bromid, carbamoylcholinklorid, methacholin, bethanechol og analoger derav; mydriatiske midler slik som atropin, homatropin, scopolamin, hydroxyamfetamin, efedrin, cocain, tropicamid, fenylefrin, cyclopentolat, oxyfenonium, eucatropin, og analoger derav; andre legemidler anvendt ved behandling av tilstander og lesjoner i øyet slik som: antiglaucomalegemidler, f.eks. timolol, og spesielt dets malein-salt og R-timolol og en kombinasjon av timolol eller R-timolol med pilocarpin, såvel som mange andre adrenerge agonister og/eller antigonister; epinefrin og et epinefrinkompleks,
eller prolegemidler slik som bitartrat, borat, hydroklorid og dipivefrinderivater og hyperosmotiske midler slik som glycerol,
mannitol og urea; carbonsyreanhydraseinhibitorer slik som acetazolamid, diklorfenamid, 2-(p-hydroxyfenyl)-thio-5-thio-fensulfonamid, 6-hydroxy-2-benzothiazolsulfonamid og 6-pivaloyl-oxy-2-benzothiazolsulfonamid;
antiparasittiske forbindelser og/eller anti-protozoale forbindelser slik som ivermectin, pyrimethamin, trisulfapidimidin, clindamycin og corticosteroidpreparater;
forbindelser med antiviral aktivitet slik som acyclovir, 5-jod-2'-deoxyuridin (IDU), adenosin-arabinosid (Ara-A), tri-fluorthymidin, og interferon og interferon-fremkallende midler slik som poly I:C;
antifungale midler slik som amfotericin B, nystatin, flucytosin, natamycin og miconazol;
anestetiske midler slik som etidocaincocain, benoxinat, dibu-cain-hydroklorid, dyclonin-hydroklorid, naepain, fenacain-hydroklorid, piperocain, proparacain-hydroklorid, tetracain-hydroklorid, hexylcain, bupivacain, lidocain, mepivacain og prilocain;
oftalmiske, diagnostiske midler slik som:
a) de som anvendes for å undersøke netthinnen slik som natrium-fluorescein; b) de som anvendes for å undersøke bindehinnen, hornhinnen og tåreapparatet slik som fluorescein og bengalsk rose; og. c) de som anvendes for å undersøke abnormal pupillrespons slik som methacholin, cocain, adrenalin, atropin, hydroxyamfetamin
og pilocarpin;
oftalmiske midler anvendt som tilbehør ved kirurgi, slik som alfa-chymotrypsin og hyaluronidase;
chelaterende midler slik som ethylendiamintetraeddiksyre (EDTA) og deferoxamin;
immunoundertrykkende midler og anti-metabolitter slik som methotrexat, cyclofosfamid, 6-mercaptopurin og azathioprin;
og kombinasjoner av de ovenfor angitte forbindelser slik som antibiotika/antiinflammatoriske kombinasjoner slik som kombina-sjonen av neomycinsulfat og dexamethason-natriumsofat, og kombinasjoner for ledsagende behandling av glaucoma, f.eks. en kombinasjon av timololmaleat og aceclidin.
Generelt fortynner tårene dannet i øyet, den aktive substans og uttynner meget hurtig dosen av aktiv substans administrert med konvensjonelle væskeoppløsninger.
Preparatene inneholdende et polysaccharid i vandig løsning av den type som gjennomgår væskegelfaseomdannelse under virkningen av en økning i ionestyrken, fortynnes mindre hurtig og gjør det således mulig å oppnå en langvarig utlevering av den aktive substans oppløst eller suspendert i preparatet. (I denne hensikt må den totale ionestyrke av formuleringen holdes så lav som mulig). Denne forlengede opp-holdstid som muliggjøres ved preparatet, fører til mer effek-tive konsentrasjonsnivåer av aktiv substans i tårefilmen.
En test som demonstrerer det forlengede nærvær av den aktive substans etter drypping i øyet av et preparat fremstilt ifølge oppfinnelsen, og også andre karakteristiske trekk og fordeler ved foreliggende oppfinnelse, fremgår i de etter-følgende eksempler og figurer som illustrerer oppfinnelsen (prosentene er angitt i vekt%).
Eksempel 1
Eksempel 2 Eksempel 3
Eksempel 4
For å demonstrere det forlengde nærvær av aktiv substans i øyet, etter drypping av den aktive substans inkorporert i et preparat fremstilt ifølge oppfinnelsen, ble en sammen-lignende test utført.
Fjerning av fluorescein fra bindehinnesekken hos kaniner etter drypping av en fluoresceinløsning, enten i destillert vann eller i en bærer inneholdende 0,6% Gelrite<®>, ble observert ved UV-bestråling.
I øynene behandlet med den vandige løsning, var ikke noe fluorescein tilbake 3 timer etter dryppingen, mens det i øynene behandlet med bæreren inneholdende Gelrite<®>, var det fremdeles fluorescein til stede 5 timer etter dryppingen.
Eksempel 5
Preparat_for_utlevering av timolol
Studier ble utført in vivo for å oppnå data vedrør-ende timolol-biotilgjengeligheten fra løsning 1 i eksempel 2. Konsentrasjonen av timolol i vannvæsken på ikke bedøvede albino-kaniner ble bestemt. Enkelte 50^ul dryppinger av Gelrite®-formuleringer (eksempel 2, løsning 1) og kommersielle Timoptio0'-løsninger, hver inneholdende 0,25% timolol, ble utført av sammenligningsformål. Gelrite^-løsningene ble fremstilt med
(r")
tre forskjellige prøver av Gelrite^-polymerer.
De erholdte resultater er vist i etterfølgende tabell:
Claims (8)
1. Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et oftalmologisk preparat beregnet for administrering som en ikke-gelert vandig form og gelering in situ, karakterisert ved at en bærer tilpasset for oftalmologisk bruk blandes med en vandig løsning inneholdende 0,1 til 2,0 vekt% av minst ett polysaccharid av den type som gjennomgår væske-gelfaseomdannelse-gelering in situ under virkningen av økt ionestyrke ved kontakt med tårevæsken}som har som dets basis tetrasaccharidenhet -3 ) - p-D-Glcp- (1-4) - p-D-GlcpA- (1-4) - p-D-Glcp- (1-4) -a- L-Rhap- (1-som eventuelt er delvis O-acetylert på dets p-D-glycopyran-osylrester.
2. Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at polysaccharidet er erholdt ved fermentering av en mikroorganisme.
3. Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 2, karakterisert ved at mikroorganismen er Pseudomonas elodea.
4. Fremgangsmåte ifølge hvilket som helst av de foregå-ende krav,
karakterisert ved at et tonisitetsjusterende middel tilsettes.
5. Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 4, karakterisert ved at det tonisitetsjusterende middel er et sukker slik som mannitol elier sorbitol.
6. Fremgangsmåte ifølge hvilket som helst av de foregå-ende krav,
karakterisert ved at minst én farmasøytisk aktiv substans for helbredende eller diagnostiske formål tilsettes.
7. Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 6, karakterisert ved at den farmasøytisk aktive substans er timolol eller et derivat derav.
8. Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 6 eller 7, karakterisert ved at 0,001 til 5 vekt% av minst én farmasøytisk aktiv substans for helbredende eller diagnostiske formål tilsettes.
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FR8514689A FR2588189B1 (fr) | 1985-10-03 | 1985-10-03 | Composition pharmaceutique de type a transition de phase liquide-gel |
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NO863916D0 NO863916D0 (no) | 1986-10-02 |
NO863916L NO863916L (no) | 1987-04-06 |
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NO173212C NO173212C (no) | 1993-11-17 |
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NO863916A NO173212C (no) | 1985-10-03 | 1986-10-02 | Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av et oftalmologisk preparat |
NO1995003C NO1995003I1 (no) | 1985-10-03 | 1995-04-10 | Timololmaleat og gellangummi |
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NO1995003C NO1995003I1 (no) | 1985-10-03 | 1995-04-10 | Timololmaleat og gellangummi |
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US4326053A (en) * | 1978-12-04 | 1982-04-20 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Polysaccharide S-60 and bacterial fermentation process for its preparation |
KR830002802B1 (ko) * | 1978-12-04 | 1983-12-16 | 제임스 에프 · 너우톤 | 박테리아 발효에 의한 다당류 s-60의 제조방법 |
US4409205A (en) * | 1979-03-05 | 1983-10-11 | Cooper Laboratories, Inc. | Ophthalmic solution |
US4407792A (en) * | 1979-05-09 | 1983-10-04 | Alcon Laboratories, Inc. | Sustained release ophthalmic drug dosage |
US4474751A (en) * | 1983-05-16 | 1984-10-02 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Ophthalmic drug delivery system utilizing thermosetting gels |
US4563366A (en) * | 1983-05-31 | 1986-01-07 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Non-heated gellan gum gels |
US4503084A (en) * | 1983-05-31 | 1985-03-05 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Non-heated gellan gum gels |
GB8318403D0 (en) * | 1983-07-07 | 1983-08-10 | Sutherland I W | Gel-forming polysaccharides |
DE3335593A1 (de) * | 1983-09-30 | 1985-04-11 | Diamalt AG, 8000 München | Gelier- und verdickungsmittel auf der basis von cassia-galactomannanen |
US4717713A (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1988-01-05 | Research Corporation | Controlled release liquid pharmaceutical |
US4551456A (en) * | 1983-11-14 | 1985-11-05 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Ophthalmic use of norfloxacin and related antibiotics |
US4517216A (en) * | 1984-03-05 | 1985-05-14 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Gellan gum/gelatin blends |
GB8431699D0 (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1985-01-30 | Mars G B Ltd | Gel system |
-
1985
- 1985-10-03 FR FR8514689A patent/FR2588189B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-09-17 IE IE248186A patent/IE59464B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-09-23 NZ NZ217662A patent/NZ217662A/xx unknown
- 1986-09-25 IL IL80156A patent/IL80156A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-09-25 US US06/911,606 patent/US4861760A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-09-25 GR GR862444A patent/GR862444B/el unknown
- 1986-09-26 AU AU63189/86A patent/AU595240B2/en not_active Expired
- 1986-09-30 CN CN86106637A patent/CN1046094C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-09-30 ZA ZA867464A patent/ZA867464B/xx unknown
- 1986-10-01 PT PT83471A patent/PT83471B/pt unknown
- 1986-10-02 AT AT86402170T patent/ATE72990T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-02 JP JP61233369A patent/JPH0667853B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-10-02 KR KR1019860008277A patent/KR940000229B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-02 NO NO863916A patent/NO173212C/no unknown
- 1986-10-02 FI FI863990A patent/FI91217C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-02 LU LU88694C patent/LU88694I2/fr unknown
- 1986-10-02 ES ES8602366A patent/ES2002401A6/es not_active Expired
- 1986-10-02 DE DE198686402170T patent/DE227494T1/de active Pending
- 1986-10-02 DE DE8686402170T patent/DE3684121D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-10-02 EP EP86402170A patent/EP0227494B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-10-02 DK DK469886A patent/DK170500B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-10-03 CA CA000519753A patent/CA1280367C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-05-05 HK HK42594A patent/HK42594A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-04-10 NO NO1995003C patent/NO1995003I1/no unknown
- 1995-08-07 NL NL950012C patent/NL950012I1/nl unknown
- 1995-08-29 LV LV950262A patent/LV5725B4/xx unknown
- 1995-10-20 CY CY177995A patent/CY1779A/xx unknown
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