LV11330B - Method for producing of high-effective polymeric floculantes and process for separation of water from dispersion of suspended solid particles - Google Patents

Description

LV 11330

CnOCOBbl ΠΟΓΙΥΗΕΗΜΡ ΒΝΟΟΚΟΒΦΦΕΚΤΙ/ΙΒΗΗΧ ΠΟΠΜΜΕΡΗΒΙΧ ΦΠΟΚΚΥΠΗΗΤΟΒ H CnOCOBbl OTflEflEHUfļ BOJļbl OT JļMCnEPCMM CYCnEHflMPOBAHHblX TBEPflblX BEUļECTB

OnncaHue

HacTOJļiiļee μ3ο6ρ©τθημθ othochtca k HenoflBepraBiuMMCfl οαβμγοβομ ΑθφΟρΜβρΜΙΙ BblCOKOMOneKynflpHblM BblCOKOpa3BeTBneHHblM BOflOpaCTBOpMMbIM nonuMepaM, 6onee κοηκρθτηο, κ cnoco6y nonyH0Hi/in τ3κμχ ποπμμθρημχ Κ0ΜΠ03Μυ1Μίί M UX ΠρΜΜΘΗΘΗΙΊΙΟ B ΚβΗΘΟΤΒΘ φΠΟΚΙψΠηΗΤΟΒ. npeflnOCbinKU C03flaHMB Μ3θ6ρθΤΘΗΜΒ

Oca>KfleHMe b βμαθ xnonbeB (Φποκι^πβαμμ) αβπβθτοβ oahom H3 φορΜ pa3flerieHMB χμακομ μ τβθραομ φ83, cnoco6cTByiOLUMX yAaneHHK) MeribHaiiLiJHx nacTMiļ M3 χΜβκοοτΜ nyTeM arnoM0pai4MM cycneHflnpoBaHHbix nacu/iu c yBe/iMHeHneM H3 pa3MepoB, m OHa HacTO Mcnonb3y0Tcn απα πρμαβημβ OTxoAfliA0My noTOKy Tpe6yeivioti npo3paHHOCTH. Φποκκ^πηαμβ μοχθτ 6biTb ocyiAecTBneHa c noMoiAbio χμμμηθοκμχ cpeACTB, Hanp., AoāaBneHneM Φ/ιοκ^πβητθ. Ομητθτμηθοκμθ opraHunecKue nomiMepHbie Φποκκ^πηητβι Haiunu πρκμθηθηηθ b npoMbimneHHOCTM yxe b 50-bix roAax. CnapMamicTaMM οτμθηθηο, hto oco6o none3HbiMM b KanecTBe φποκι^πηΗΤΟΒ αβπακπόβ BbicoKOMoneKynapHbie nonuMepbi, pacTBopuMbie b βοαθ. CneiļnanncTaM M3BecTHbi μηογμθ BOAopacTBopuMbie BbicoKOMon0KynnpHbi0 nonuMepHbie φΓίοκιψ/ίΒΗΤΗ. C HeKOTOpbiM ycnexoM Afifl o6pa6oTKM μ36ντοηηογο una b ιοηθοτβθ φποκιψπηΗτοΒ ncnonb30Banncb πμηθμη^θ BOAopacTBopuMbie nonmviepbi. Οαηβκο οοβρθμθηηβιμ ποαχοα κ oxpaHe OKpyxaioiAeii cpeAbi, CTomviocTb cxnraHMB m TpaHcnopTMpoBKn una HacTonTenbHO Tpe6yeT ynyHUj0HMa θΦΦθκτιιβηοοτμ o6biHHbix nnHeiiHbix φποκιψπηΗΤΟΒ m co3AaHnn φποκιψπηΗΤΟΒ, o6ecneHMBaK)iuiix o6pa30BaHMB <exa c 6onbwm\/i coAepxaHn©M τβθραμχ nacTULļ.

HacTOBLAUM M3o6peTeHneM npepnaraeicn cnocoā nonyH0HMB ηοβογο BbicoKopa3BeTBneHHoro BbicoKOMoneKynnpHoro BOAopacTBopuMoro φηοκιψΠΒΗΤβ πρΜΜβΗΘΗΜθΜ nom^yHKi4MOHanbHoro MOHOMepa, TaKoro Kax: MeTuneHČMcaKpunaMUA, AHM0Ta«pnnaT ποπμθτμπθηγπμκοπβ, BMHunaKpunaMMA h t. n. b KanecTBe pa3B0TBnflioiA0ro cpepcTBa. PaHee onncaHO HecKonbKO nonbīTOK nony4eHM5:i BbicoKOMoneKynnpHbix pa3BeTBneHHbix BOAopacTBopnMbix nonuMepoB. B πθτθητθ CULiA 4059522 Ha mma Zweigle onucaHO πρι/ιμθηθημθ pa3BeTBnnK)UJiero cpepcTBa c nony40HneM nonHOCTbfO cmmroii ομοτθμη, οαηθκο, nonyH0HHbi0 stum CnOCOāOM φΠΟΚΙ^ΠΒΗΤΗ B ΒΟΑΘ ΗΘ paCTBOpUMbl, ΒΟΠΘΑΟΤΒΜΘ ΗΘΓΟ ΗΘΘφφθΚΤΜΒΗΜ. B naTBHT© ClilA 3698037 Ha mmb Morgan m ap. onncaHbi pa3B0TBn©HHbi0 KaTnOHHbie roMononuMepbi, nonyH©HHbi0 ββθαθημθμ nont^yHKAMOHanbHoro 2 pa3BeTBrmiomero cpeflCTBa npn οπγτοτΒΜΜ perynnpoBaHM« MoneKynnpHoro Beca μπμ nepeHOCHMKa κμηθτμηθοκομ Lienu. CnemnannciaM χοροιιιο μ3βθοτηο, hto MoneKynnpHbm Bec t3kmx KaTMOHHbix γομοποπμμθροβ orpaHMneH, ho οαηοβρθμθηηο MoryT o6pa30BaTbcn 6onee BbicoKOMoneKynnpHbie nonuMepbi npn cononnMepn3ai4MM KaTMOHHbix MOHOMepoB c aKpunaMMflaMM. B BbiwenpMBefleHHbix naieHTax ημηθγο ηθ cKa3aHO o MoneKynnpHOM Bece nponyKTOB. B naTeme cppaHLļMM 2589145 Ha mmb Pech onncaH pa3BeTBneHHbiii cononuMep, nonyneHHbiM nonnMepM3ai4nePi b pacTBope b npMcyTCTBMM BbICOKOaKTMBHOrO nepeHOCHMKa ΚΜΗβΤΜΗβΟΚΟΜ LļenM. OflHaKO, OnMCaHHbie B naieHTe nonMMepbi μμθιοτ MoneKynapHbiM Bec MeHee 1 μμπβμοη3 npM bh3koctm pacTBopa 2200-360 Mfla npM KOHijempauMM nonMMepa 20%, hto yKa3biBaeT Ha to, hto na caMOM nene stm nonMMepbi «BnatoTcn HM3KOMoneKynnpHbiMM cononMMepaMM. 06naAaioinMM caMbiM hm3kmm MoneKynnpHbiM BecoM nonMMep HacTOBiAero Μ3θδρβτβΗΜη ΜΜββτ ropa3flO 6onee BbicoKMti MoneKynnpHbiM Bec (cBbiuje 1 MMJifiMOHa), ο ηθμ CBMfleienbCTByeT BB3K0CTb pacTBopa nonMMepa. B προΗΜχ onMcaHMnx naTeHTOB πρμβοαβτοβ cnocočbi πρΜΜβΗβΗΜη CABMTOBOM fle0OpMai4MM CUJMTblX ΠΟΠΜΜβρΗΝΧ ΑβΠβΜ C LļenblO flOCTMXeHMn

Heo6xoflMMOM pacTBopMMOCTM b BOfle. B naieHTe CLLIA 4705640 Ha mmb Whittaker onMcaHa cflBMroBan flecļDopMauMn nonMMepHoro rēna, HepacTBopMMoro b BOfle, c ero φΜ3ΜΗβοκΜΜ pa3pyujeHMeM no TaKOM CTeneHM, hto οη οήηοβμτοη BOflopacTBopMMbiM. PeKOMeHflyeMbiM cnoco6 pa3pyineHnn othocmtcb k MexaHMnecKOMy TMny npM BbicoKoīi CTeneHM bo3a©mctbmh pa3py6aioiiļero TMna, κ npMMepy, αθμοτβμθμ Ha pa36aBneHHbie pacTBopbi nonMMepa BpamaiouuļMXC?i co cKopocTbto flo 20000 o6./mmh nonacTeM. Pa3pyweHMe, KaK 3anBneHO, ynyHinaeT $noKKynnuMOHHyio cnocoČHOCTb 3a cneT noBbiineHMn 3φφβκτΜΒΗθίί mohhoctm nonMMepa, Poct θΦΦθκτμβηομ mohhoctm xapaKTepM3yeT κοπΜΗβστΒβΗΗΟ M3MepeHMeM pocTa mohhoctm (Pl/I): PΛ = (ΜΠΡ-Ι/1/1Ρ)/ΜΠΡ x 100, rfle 1/1ΠΡ — MOHHOCTb nocne pa3pymeHMn m HflP — MOHHOCTb ao pa3pyuieHMfl. MoHHOCTb μοχθτ 6biTb onpefleneHa KonnoMflHbiM TMTpOBaHMeM, onMcaHHbiM b tom xe naTeHTe, a TaKxce cornacHO naTeHTy CLUA 4720346 Ha mmb Hesher m np., b κοτοροΜ onMcaH cnocoč φποκ^πηαΜΜ boahwx cycneH3MM TBepflbix BemecTB Mcnonb30BaHMeM nonMMepHoro MaTepnana b βμαθ He6onbLUMX nacTMU, a He b βμαθ mctmhhoio pacTBopa. B naTeHTe Ha mmh Hesker m AP- yKa3aH0 Tao<e Ha Heo6xoAMMOCTb noABepraTb cabmtobom αθΦορμθμμμ cujMTbm nonMMepHbiM MaTepnan c τβΜ, HToābi 3HaneHMe pocTa mohhoctm nonMMepa AOCTMrano 15-70%, nocKonbKy nonMMepbi co cnMLUKOM ΗΜ3ΚΜΜ 3Η3ΗβΗΜβΜ PV He AaiOT αοπχηογο BbiMrpbiiua. Hesker C COTp. οπρβΑβπηιοτ CABMroByto ΑθφορΜβρΜίο KaK ΑθφορΜ3ΐ4ΜΚ), C03AaBaeMyro npM aHanMTMnecKOM npMAaHMM nonMMepaM τβκμχ cbomctb κάκ Pl/1 c nocneAyiou4eM 3 LV 11330 B03M0XH0CTbl0 ΠρΜΜβΗβΗΜΗ ΠΟΠΜΜθρΟΒ B flaHHOM Μ3θ6ρβΤβΗΜΜ. Ha CTp. 11, οτροκΜ 3-10 Hesker c οοτρ. Taxxe yKa3biBatOT Ha Heo6xoflMMOCTb 6onee βμοοκμχ KOHueHTpaLļHM MHorfla 6onee ηθμ Ha 20% Bbiuie cļ}noKKynflHTa pj\a αοοτηχθημη OnTMManbHOM CTa6nnbHOCTM 0nOKKynflLļHOHHOrO OCaflKa no cpaBHeHMto c oSbNHbiMM BOflopacTBopuMbiMH πμηθμηβιμμ nonMMepaMM. Hesker yKa3bmaeT, hto pa3BeTBneHHbie conomiMepbi MoryT čbiTb nonyneHbi npn Mcnonb30BaHMM nepeHOCHMKOB km η βτι/ι h ecKO m qenM, τβκμχ Kax: M3onponaHon m MepKanT03TaHon b COMeTaHMM CO CUJMBaKDlUMMM CpeflCTBaMM.OflHaKO, ΗΜΚ3ΚΜΧ npMMepOB He npMBOflMTCii, m KaxeTcn coBceM HeBepo^THbiM, hto Hesker OTKpbiTbi κομπο3μι4ΜΜ, COOTBeTCTByiOlHMe Κ0ΜΠ03ΜΑΜΑΜ, 3aflBneHHblM HaCTOHLLļMM Μ3θ6ρβΤβΗΜβΜ, KOTopbie npeBOCxoflyiT MaTepManbi Hesker'a m 6onee npocTbi b ynoTpe6neHMM. B naieHTe CLLIA 4759856 Ha mma Farrar Ha οτρ. 6, οτροκΜ 1-6 Τ3κχβ yKa3aHO Ha Heo6xoAMMOCTb noflBepraTb οαβμγοβομ α®Φ0ΡΜ3αμμ c ueribto npeBpameHMa, cuiMTbie nonMMepbi (KOTopbie b προτμβηομ cnyHae cneflOBano 6bi OTKnoHMTb μπμ flnfi κοτορΗχ cneAyeT oxMflaTb cnaābie φnoκκyπMpy^oιi^^1e cBOMCTBa) b φορΜΒΐ, oānaflaKDLiļMe oneHb χοροιιίΜΜΜ φπoκκyπMpy^ou^MMM οβομοτββμμ. B naTeHTe yKa3aHa Ta<an CABMroBan ΑθφορΜβμΜΠ, πρπ κοτοροΡί nonMMep nonynaeT 3HaneHMe pocTa mohhoctm no MeHbmeM Mepe b 15%, npeflnoHTMTe/ibHO no MeHbiueM Mepe 30%, očbiHHO no MeHbuiePi Mepe 50% b pe3ynbTaie αθμοτβμη CflBMrOBOM ΑβφθρΜ3Ι-ΙΜΜ C LļeHbK) npeBpailļeHMfl B fleMCTBeHHblii nOnMMepHblM φησΚ^ΠΠΗΤ.

HaMM HeoxMflaHHO HaiiAeHO, hto BbicoKOMoneKynnpHbie BbicoKopa3BeTBneHHbie BOAopacTBopMMbie nonMMepHbie φηοκ^πηΗΤΒΐ MoryT 6biTb nonyHeHbi 6e3 Mcnonb30BaHMn οαβμγοβομ ΑβφορΜ3ΐ1ΜΜ Ha noBbiiueHHOM ypoBHe, m He 3aBMCJiT ot 3HaneHMM pocTa mohhoctm. nonMMepHbie φηοκι^πηΗ™, nonyneHHbie cnocoāoM HaoToniuiero Μ3θδρβτβΗΜη, noABepraiOT TonbKO MMHMManbHOM cabmtobom ΑβφθρΜ3Ι4ΜΜ, AOCTaTOHHOM HMUIb ΑΠΠ ΤΟΓΟ, HTOČbl Bbl3BaTb ΟΟΠΙθ6ΜΠΜ33ΑΜΚ) nonMMepa npM OTcyTCTBMM μπμ He3HaHMTenbHOM ero pa3pyweHMM. KpoMe toto HeMOHHbie m KaTMOHHbie nonMMepHbie φποκκνπηΗΤΝ HacTonmero Μ3θ6ρβτβΗΜη ΜΜβιοτ 3HaneHMn PV b MHTepBane ot 0 ao 70%, Tax hto ynyHLueHHan 3φφβΚΤΜΒΗ00ΤΒ 3ΤΜΧ ΠΟΠΜΜβρΟΒ Ηβ B03pacTaeT 3a ΟΗβΤ noBbiiueHMn 3φφβΚΤΜΒΗ00ΤΜ MOHHOCTM, HanpOTMB OHM ΠρΟΠΒΠΑΙΟΤ CeČJI TaiOKe ΧΟρΟΙΠΟ ΠρΜ 3HaneHMnx mohhoctm, oxBaTbmaeMbix μ3βθοτηνμ ypoBHeM τθχημκμ, a Taxxe m b OTCyTCTBMM MOHHOCTM. ΠΟΠΜΜβρΗΒΙβ φΗΟ^ΠΠΗΤΗ Η30Τ0ΠΙΑβΓ0 Μ3θ6ρβΤβΗΜΠ ηρβΒΟΟΧΟΑΛΤ φΠΟΚ^ΠΠΗΤΒΙ M3BeCTH0T0 ypOBHfl ΤβΧΗΜΚΜ, C03AaBan B ΚβΚβ BbICOKOe C0AepxaHMe TBepAbix BeiuecTB nacTO npM 6onee hm3kmx co6cTBeHHbix KOHL(eHTpaqMnx. Πομμμο stoto nonMMepHbie φηοκ^πηΗΤΒΐ HacToniAero Μ3οδρβτβΗΜΗ m mx cMecM āonee yAoāHbi m 6onee AeuueBbi b ynoTpe6neHMM no 4 cpaBHeHHK) c cļDriOKKynflHTaMM μ3βθοτηογο ypoBHH τθχημκμ, Tpe6yK)iiinMn co CTopoHbi ποτρβδΜΤβππ πρΜΜβΗβΗΜπ nepefl ynoipe6neHneM o6opyflOBaHna αππ C03flaHMfl CflBUTOBOii fle0OpMaLļMH C LļenblO flOCTMJKeHMfl ΗΘΟδΧΟΑΜΜΟΓΟ onTUManbHoro φπoκκyπ^1pyκ)l^eΓO fleiicTBMa, hto noBbiiuaeT βρθμπ m CTOUMOCTb onepapMM.

HacT05ļiqee M3o6peTeHMe πο3βοπηθτ nony4aTb μοτμηηοθ BOflopacTBopuMbie BbicoKopa3BeTBneHHbie BbicoKOMoneKynfipHbie nonuMepbi, 0Ka3biBaK>mnecfl ocoāeHHO none3HbiMM b KanecTBe χμμμηθοκμχ φποκιψππΗΤΟΒ. Ποπμμθρη HacTOiiiuiero M3o6peieHMn nonyHaiOT πρμμθηθημθμ pa3BeTBnaiomero cpepļCTBa b npncyTCTBW/i nepeHOCHMKa κμηθτμηθοκομ μβπΜ c πογψηθημθμ BbicoKopa3BeTBneHHoro n BOflopacTBopuMoro npoflyKTa. KpoMe τογο nonuMepbi Μ3θ6ρβΤβΗΜΠ ΗΘ Tpe6yK)T ΠρΜΜβΗβΗΜΑ perynMpyeMOM ΟΑΒΜΓΟΒΟΜ 11ΘφθρΜ3Ι4ΜΙ/Ι flfm ΑΟΟΤΜΧΘΗΜΠ OnTUManbHOM θφφΘΚΤΜΒΗΟΟΤΙ/Ι, WTO CHy>KMT ΟΗΜΧβΗΜΙΟ HX CTOHMOCTH. HacTOiiinee Μ3θδρβτβΗΜβ, KaK HaMAeHO, οοο6θηηο πρμμθημμο b cny4ae MCn0nb30BaHHa pa3B0TBJieHHblX COnOHUMepOB, BKJlK)4aiOlHHX aKpunaMMfl Μ no MeHbUjeii Mepe oamh aHMOHHbiM, KaTMOHHbm μπμ ηθμοηηημ μοηομθρ cabomhom CBH3bK). KPATKOE H3flO>KEHI/IE CVLUHOCTM M30EPETEHMS1 B οοοτβθτοτβμμ c HaoToamnM Μ3θ6ρΘτθΗΜβΜ nony4aioT ΗΘ noflBepraBiuniica ΟΑΒΜΓΟΒΟΜ ΑθφθρΜ3ί1Μ1/Ι KaTMOHHbie BOAOpaCTBOpMMbie pa3BeTBneHHbie nOAUMepHbie φΠΟΚΙψΠΠΗπ>Ι, ΠρΜΗβΜ Bfl3K0CTb paCTBOpOB ΠΟΠΜΜβρΗΗΧ φποκ^ηΡΗΤΟΒ no MeHbUjeii Mepe 1,8 Mīla npn M3MepeHMM b ΒΜ0«03ΜΜβτρβ Epyi^MnAa c VL -- nepexoflHMKOM npn 25 °C, «OHueHTpaLļMM nomiMepa 0,1% Macc b 1 M NaCI, 60 o6./mmh, κοβφφΜΑΜβΗτβ pacTBopuMOCTM Bbiiue 30% m coflepxaHmi pa3BeTBnjiK)iMero cpeflCTBa 4-80 μοπηρηνχ nacTeti Ha μμππμοη b nepecneTe Ha Ha4anbHoe coflepxaHne MOHOMepa. PeKOMeHAyeTcn, 4To6bi KaTMOHHbie ΠΟΠΜΜθρΗΗβ φΠΟΚΙψΠίΙΗΤΒΙ ΜΜβΠΜ Κ03φφΜΙ4ΜβΗΤ paCTBOpMMOCTM Bblllie 4βΜ 40%, coflepxaHne pa3BeTBnatomero cpeACTBa οοοτθβπππο 80-20 MonnpHbix 4acTeii Ha μμππμοη b nepecneTe Ha HananbHoe coAepxaHMe MOHOMepa m BH3K0CTb b pacTBope cocTaBnnna no MeHbiueM Mepe 2,4 Mila npM M3MepeHMM b BMCK03MMeTpe Epyi^MnAa c VI_-nepexoflHMKOM npM 25°C , KOHuem-pauMM nonMMepa 0,1% b 1 M NaCI m 60 o6./mmh. B οπμοβημμ HacTonmero M3o6peieHMn, a Taxxe b conyTCTByiomeM φopMyπe μ3ο6ρθτθημπ τβρΜΜΗ ”ηθ noflBepraBUJMMcn οαβμγοβομ ΑθφθρΜ311ΜΜ” He MCKniOHaeT OāblHHOrO nepeMeLUMBaHMH, ΠρΜΜΘΗΠβΜΟΓΟ flnn AMcneprMpoBaHMB nonMMepa. K npMMepy nepeMeujMBaHMe c noMOiAbK) μ3γημτηομ MemanKM, onMcaHHoe ημχθ, ηθ πρμβοαμτ k ”noABepraBiijeMycn οαβμγοβομ ΑθφορΜ3ρΜΜ” nonMMepy, HO ποπμμθρ Aaxe nocne 2-χ 4acoBoro nepeMeaiMBaHMfl 5yAet ”ηθ noABepraBiuMMcn οαβμγοβομ α©Φορμ3αμμ” ποπμμθρομ β o6teMe 5 LV 11330 npmfl3ai-inii M3o6peTeHH5i.

HacTOfliumvi ΐ/ΐ3θ6ρΘτβΗΜθΜ npeAnaraeTCB cnoco6 no/iyHeHMa ηθ noflBepraBiueMyc?i cabmtobom fle0opMaqnn BOflopacTBopuMoro pa3BeTBneHHoro nonuMepHoro $noKKynBHTa cornacHO BbiiuenpMBeAeHHOMy onpefleneHmo, 3aKntOHaKDiAnficB b nonnMepn3aunn οαηογο μπμ HecKonbKi/ιχ aHMOHHbix, ηθμοηηηχ Mfll/I KaTMOHHblX MOHOMepOB C flBOMHOM CBA3bK> C ΠΟ MeHbLUeM Mepe OflHMM Ρ33Βθτβπβ(0ιαμμ cpeACTBOM b icanecTBe 4-80 MonapHbix MacTeti Ha μμππμοη b nepecneTe Ha HaHanbHoe coflepxaHne MOHOMepa b npncyTCTBMM no MeHbUjeii Mepe οαηογο nepeHOCHMKa κΜΗβτΜΗβοκοίί LļenM. Πριι ncnonb30BaHmi ιοτμοηηογο MOHOMepa nepenamnK κμηθϊμηθοκομ uenu πρμμθηβκ>τ β κοπι/mecTBe, AOCTaTOHHOM απ« npHAāHHB nonynaeMOMy 0noKKyn«HTy «ΟΘφφΜΑΜβΗτβ paCTBOpMMOCTM Bbliue 30%.

PeKOMeHAysTCjļ, mo6bi β τβκομ cnocoāe pa3BeTBfi5iioiAee cpeACTBO AoOaBABnocb β KonunecTBe 80-20 MO/iBpHbix nacTeii b nepecneie Ha HaHanbHoe coAepa<aHMe MOHOMepa. Pa3BeTBneHHbiii (οτμοηηημ nonuMepHbiPi Φποκι^πβητ ΜΜββτ κοΘφφΜΑΜβΗΤ pacTBopMMOCTM Bbiiue 40% m BB3K0CTb b pacTBope no MeHbiueH Mepe 2,4 Mīla npw M3MepeHMM b BMCK03MMeTpe Bpy^tuiAa c VL-nepexoAHMKOM npH 25°C , KOHLļeHTpaLtmi nonMMepa 0,1% Macc, β 1 M NaCI, 60 o6./mhh npH nonyMeHnn nonMMepa ncnonb30BaHneM yxa3aHHoro pexoMeHAyeMoro KOnHHeCTBa ρ33ΒβΤΒΠΗΚ)ΙΑβΓ0 epeACTBa.

HaCTOBLAHM Μ3θ6ρβΤβΗΜβΜ ΤβΙΟΚβ ΠρβΑΠ8Γ3Κ)Τ0Β ΗβΗΟΗΗΗβ BOAopacTBopHMbie BbicoKopa3BeTBJieHHbie noriMMepHbie Φποκι^πηητβι, οοοτοβιαμθ H3 ΟΑΗΟΓΟ Hfll/1 HeCKOJ1bKMX HeHOHHblX ΜΟΗΟΜβρΟΒ C ABOMHOM CBB3blO, Πρί/ΙΗβΜ nonuMepHbie Φποκ*ο/πηη™ BB3K0CTb b pacTBope no MeHbiueii Mepe 1,9 Mīla, npeAnoHTHTenbHO no MeHbiueM Mepe 2,4 Mīla πρκ M3MepeHMM β ΒΜ0Κ03ΜΜβτρβ BpyκφnπAa c VL-nepexoAHMKOM npw 25°C , KOHLļeHTpai4MM nonMMepa 0,1% Macc. b 1 M NaCI, 60 o6./mmh, coAepxaHMM pa3BeTBnatoLAero epeACTBa 4-80 MOAJipHbix HacTeii Ha μκππκοη b nepecneTe Ha HaHanbHoe coAepxaHne MOHOMepa, a TaioKe cnocoč nonyHeHMB TaKOBoro noriMMepHoro φποκιψπΒΗΤ3.

KpoMe τογο HacTOBLLļHM Μ3θδρβτβΗΜβΜ AaeTca cnocoč nonyHeHnn He nOABepraBLUHXCB CABHTOBOti ΑθφθρΜ3Ι4ΚΜ BOAOpaCTBOpHMblX ρ33ΒβΤΒΠβΗΗΝΧ aHHOHHblX nonHMepHblX φΠΟΚΙψΠΒΗΤΟΒ COmaCHO BblliienpHBeAeHHOMy onpeAeneHHK), 3aKmoHaioiAMiicB b nonnMepn3aiļMn οαηογο mv\ HecKonbKHx aHH0HHbix MOHOMepOB c αβοηηομ CBB3bfO c no MeHbiijePi Mepe OAHHM pa3BeTBnBK)LiļMM cpeACTBOM b KonunecTBe 4-80 μοπαρηνχ nācieni Ha μμππκοη β nepecneie Ha HaHanbHoe coAepxaHne MOHOMepa b npncyTCTBHM no MeHbiuePi Mepe οαηογο nepeHOCHHKa κμηθιμηθοκοη uenH.

HacTOBiAHM n3o6peieHneM npeAnaraiOTCH cnocoābi φποκκνπΗυ,κΜ 6 flucnepcneii cycneHflnpoBaHHbix TBeppbix BeinecTB, τάκιλχ xax Heo6pa6oTaHHbm ocaflOK, 3aKnK)Haiomiiiiic5i b: (a) fločaBneHnn Kflncnepcm/ι ηθ noflBepraBUjeroca CflBMrOBOVi ΑθφορΜβψΙΜ BOflOpaCTBOpMMOrO ρ33ΒΘΤΒΠΘΗΗ0Γ0 ΠΟΠΜΜβρΗΟΓΟ 3ΗΙΊΟΗΗΟΓΟ, KaTMOHHOrO ΜΠΜ ΗΘΜΟΗΗΟΓΟ Cļ)J10KKyJ1flHTa B ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΘ 0,1-50000 nacTePi Ha muhjihoh h (b) o6e3BO>KHBaHmi flucnepcnn cycneHflnpoBaHHbix TBeppbix BemecTB m nofiMMepHoro φποκκ^πηΗΤθ. lloflpoāHoe onncaHue Μ3θδρβτβΗna BbicoKOMoneKynapHbie He noflBepraBmnecji cabhtobom ΑβφορΜβΑΜΜ BbicoKopa3BeTBneHHbie BOflopacTBOpUMbie nonMMepHbie φποκιψπηΗΤΜ nojiyHaK)T nonnMepn3auneM aHMOHHbix, ιοτμοηηνχ vi/nnn ηθμοηημχ μοηομθροβ c abomhom CBfl3blO B HHCTOM BHfle MJ1H C COMOHOMepaMM B npHCyTCTBMM B OriTMManbHblX cooTHomeHHflx pa3BeTBrmtoLMero cpeflCTBa n nepeHocHmo κμηθτμηθοκομ Lienu. npUMeHfieMbie B HaCTOflllļeM Μ3θ6ρβΤβΗΜΜ KaTUOHHbie MOHOMepbl Βκηκ3Η3ΐοτ: fluannunflMMeTMnaMMOHM^nopMfl, 3ΚΡμποκομ3τμπτρμμθτμπ-aMMOHniixnopMfl, (MeT)aKpnnaTbi N,N-flnanKnnaMHHoanKMnbHbix οοθαμηθημμ, a τθκχθ neTBepTMHHbie οοθαμηθημβ m hx conu, TaKne xax MeTnnxnopnflHafl conb N,N-flMM0TMnaMi/iHO3TMnaKpnnaTa, MOHOMepbl Tuna Ν,Ν-flnanKMnaMMHoanKMn (MeT)aKpnnaMMflOB, nx conu n neTBepTMHHbie coeflMHeHna, TaKne KaK: N,N-AManKunaMUHOSTunaKpiinaMMAbi, MeTaKpunaMMflonponunTpMMeTMn 3ΜΜΟΗΜΜΧΠ0ρΜΑ, 1-ΜΘΤ3ΠΚρΜΠ0ΜΠ-4-ΜΘΤΜΠΠΜΠθρ33ΜΗ Μ T. Π. KaTUOHHbie MOHOMepbl MoryT 6biTb npeflCTaBJieHbi cneflyioiiļMMM ο6ιφιμμ φopMyπaM^1: I1 I ?2 + CH2 = C - C - X - A - N - R3 Z , Γββ Rļ BOflOpOfl M/IH ΜβΤΜΠ, R2 " BOflOpOfl MBH HM3LUHM Cļ-C^-aHKMn, R3 n/nnn R4 -- BOflopofl, Cļ-C^-anKMn, apm mv\ rnflpoKCM3Tnn, R2 m R3 μπμ R2 m R4 MoryT coBMecTHO o6pa30BaTb ρκκη c oahhm mjim HecKonbKMMM reiepoaTOMaMH, Z npeflCTaBnneT conpnxeHHoe κ KMcnoie ocHOBaHHe, X — KMcnopon μπμ - NRļ rfle Rļ npMHHMaeT BbiiiieyKa3aHHbie 3HaHeHMa, h A — Ci-C12-anKnneH, μπμ 7LV 11330

6 Γ nqe Rs m R6 -- BOflOpojļ μπμ μθτμπ, R7 -- Bonopofl, Cļ-C^-anKnn μπμ 6θη3μπ m R0 -- BOflopojņ, Ο,-Ο^-θπκμπ, 6θη3ΜΠ μπμ γμαροκομθτμπ m Z npMHMMaeT BbiujeyKa3aHHoe 3HaHeHne. npUMeHMMbie B HaCTOBlUeM Μ3θ6ρβΤΘΗΜΜ HeMOHHbie MOHOMepbl, KaK npaBuno, BKntOHatOT: aKpunaMMfl, MeTaKpMnaMMA, N-aBKunaKpunaMMflbi, τθκμθ KaK N-MeTMJiaKpuBaMMfl, Ν,Ν-flnanKMnaKpnnaMMflbi, τθκμθ KaK Ν,Ν-flMMeTnnaKpnnaMHfl, MeTunaKpunaT, μθτμπMeiaKpiinaT, θκρμποημτρμπ, N-BMnMnaueTaMMA μπμ —φορΜ3ΜΜρ, N-BMHMnaueraT μπμ βμημππμρροπμαοη μ τ. π. AHMOHHbie MOHOMepbl ΗΘΟΤΟΠίμθΓΟ Μ3θ6ρθΤΘΗΜΠ BblČMpatOT Μ3 aHMOHHblX ΟΟΘβΜΗΘΗΜΜ, ΜΜΘΚ)ΙΙ(ΜΧ flBOMHyK) CBH3b. KaK ΠρβΒΜΠΟ, ΘΤΜ ΟΟΘβΜΗΘΗΜΠ BKHlOHaiOT: (Mei)aKpMnoBbie KMcnoTbi, cyπbφoaπκMπ(MΘτ)-aκpMΠOBbιe κμοποτν, cyπbφMpoBaHHbιe CTMponbi, HeHacbimeHHbie AMKapāOHOBbie κμοποτν, cyπbφoaπκMπ(Meτ)aκpMπaMMflbl, οοπμ nepeHMcneHHbix κμοποτ m t. n.

TaKMe coflepxaii4Me flBOMHyio CBH3b MOHOMepbl MoryT 6biTb τθκχθ COnonMMepM30BaHbl C nOnyneHMeM aHMOHHblX, KaTMOHHblX ΜΠΜ ΗΘΜΟΗΗΗΧ οοποπΜΜβροΒ. PeKOMeHflyeTcn ηθμοηηβιμ μοηομθρ, τθκομ KaK aKpnnaMMA C0n0nMMepM30BaTb C aHMOHHbIM, HeMOHHbIM ΜΠΜ KaTMOHHbIM ΟΟΜΟΗΟΜβρΟΜ C o6pa30BaHMeM cononMMepa. KaTMOHHbie, aHMOHHbie μ/μπμ ηθμοηηνθ cononMMepbi, npMMeHMMbie b HacTOHiijieM μ306ρθτθημμ, βκπιοηθιοτ 1-99 nacTePi no Macce, Hanp., aKpMnaMMflHoro MOHOMepa m 99-1 sacTb no Macce βημοηηογο, ηθμοηηογο μπμ κθτμοηηογο coMOHOMepa. PeKOMeHflyeicn, ητο6η cononMMep BKniOHan 10-99 nacTePi no Macce 3κρμπθμμαηογο MOHOMepa m 90-1 nacTb no Macce βημοηηογο, ηθμοηηογο μπμ κθτμοηηογο COMOHOMepa. ΠθΠΜΜθρΜ3311ΜΚ3 MOHOMepa npOBOflHT B npMCyTCTBMM ΠOΠMφyHK^MOHaΠbHOΓO Ρ33ΒΘΤΒΠΠΚ3114ΘΓ0 CpepCTBa C 0Čpa30BaHMeM Ρ33βθτβπθηηογο roMononMMepa μπμ cononMMepa. ΠοπΜφνΗκρΜΟΗΒΠΒΗΟΘ pa3BeTBnnioinee cpepcTBO βκπιοηθθτ θοθαμηθημθ c no MeHbmePi Mepe flByMH ABoPiHbiMM CBH3HMM, c αβοΡιηοΡι CBH3bio m peaKUMOHOcnocoāHOPi rpynnoPi ΜΠΜ AByMn peaKLļMOHoenocoāHbiMM rpynnaMM. ΠoπMφyHK^MOHaπbHbιe Ρ33βθτβππιοιαμθ 8 cpeflCTBa αοπχηη oānaflaTb no MeHbiueM Mepe Ηβκοτοροίί pacTBopuMOCTbto b βοαθ. ripuMepbi t3khx coeflUHeHniĪ, coAepxaLAnx no MeHbLueii Mepe flBe flBotiHbie CBA3M, BKfiKDMaiOT: MeTnneH6ncaKpnnaMMA, MeTUJieHānoMeiaKpunaMMfl, nnaKpunaT nonneTMneHmuKorm, flUMeTaKpunaT nonneTMneHmnKonn, N-BMHunaKpunaMMfl, flMBHHnn6eH3on, TpnannunaMMOHneBbie conu, Ν-MeTnnannnnaKpnnaMHfl n t. n. nonn$yHKunoHanbHbie pa3BeTBnfltomne cpeACTBa, coAepxaiiļne no MeHbLueii Mepe 0flHy flBOMHyK) CB5i3b n no MeHbmePi Mepe OflHy peaKLļMOHOcnoco6HyK) rpynny, BKfitOMaiOT: rnHLļHAnnaKpunaT, aKponenH, rnflpoKCMMeTunaKpunaMMA, m t. n. nonncļDyHKi4MOHanbHbie pa3BeTBnnK)LLļne cpeACTBa c no MeHbiueii Mepe AsyMn peaKLļMOHoenocoSHbiMM rpynnaMH βκγηοη3Κ)τ anbAernAbi, TaKne xax mnoKcanb, AM3noKCnnpon3BOAHbie, ennxnoprnAPMH i/i t. n.

Pa3BeTBnflioiAne cpeACTBa cneAyeT npuMenaTb b KonunecTBe, αοοτ3τοηηομ Ann rapaHTupoBaHHoro nonyHeHnn BbicoKopa3BeTBneHHoro npoAyKTa. PeKOMeHAyeTCJļ κοπμηθοτβο pa3BeTBnnioLiļerO cpeACTBa cocTaBnneT 4-80 MonnpHbix HacTeii Ha μμππμοη b nepecneTe Ha HananbHoe coAepxaHne MOHOMepa, KOTopbie Ao6aBnaK)T c uenbīo BbisBaTb AocTaTOHHoe pa3BeTBJieHne nonuMepHOM peņu. ripu ocyiAecTBneHMM HacTomiļero M3o6peTeHMfl cyuļecTBeHHyK) ponb nrpaeT AoSaBneHne b onTMManbHoii KOHpeHTpaLļmi MOAi#mļnpyK>LLļero MoneKynnpHbiii sec nepeHOCHUKa κμηθτμηθοκομ Lļenu c iļenbīo perynnpoBaHnn CTpoeHiie 1/1 pacTBopuMOCTb nonuMepa. B oTcyTCTBi/tn nepeHOCHUKa κΜΗβτΜΗβοκοίί Lļenu BBeAeHHe pa3BeTBnnK)Uļero cpeACTBa α^>κθ b Hpe3BbiHaiiH0 Manbix KonMHecTBax, Hanp. 5 nacTeiŽi Ha μμππηοη μοχθτ Bbi3BaTb ciunBanMe nonuMepa m ero HepacTBopHMOCTb b βοαθ. Οαη3κο, HacTonuļHM Μ3θδρβτβΗΜβΜ nonynaK)T pacTBopMMbie BbicoKopa3BeTBneHHbie cononMMepbi πρκ ncnonb30BaHMM b onTHManbHbix KonnHecTBax nepeHOCHUKa KMHeTMHecKOPi Lļenu b coneTaHHM c pa3BeTBnnKDUļHM cpeACTBOM. CneLļnanncTy H3BecTHbi μηογμθ Taxne nepeHOCHHKH KHHeTMHecKOH Lļenu, KOTopbie βκγποη3Κ)τ; cnnpTbi, MepKanTaHbi, τμοκμοιοτη, φΟΟφΜΤΝ H CyΠbφMTbl, T3KHe KaK! H30np0nnn0Bblfi CHHpT H ΓΜΠΟφΟΟφίΊΤ Η3ΤρΜη, HO MoryT 6biTb ncnonb30BaHbi m Apyrne nepeHOCHHKM κμηθτμηθοκοη Lļenu. flnn nonyHeHnn BbicoKopa3BeTBneHHoro BOAOpacTBopuMoro npoAyKTa Hpe3BbmaPiH0 BaxHO npHMeHeHne nepeHOCHUKa KHHeTHnecKoii Lļenu b onTMManbHoiŪ KOHLļeHTpaLļMM. ripu AoSaBneHMM nepeHOCHUKa KHHeTMHecKOM Lļenu b oneHb He6onbwnx KonnnecTBax o6pa3yeTcn HepacTBopHMbiii noriMMepHbm npoAyKT, a npH M36biTKe nepeHOCHUKa κΜΗβτκΗβοκοΰ Lļenu o6pa3yeTcn npoAyKT co cjihujkom hh3koh Biļ3KOCTbio b pacTBope, T. e. HH3KMM MoneKynnpHbiM ΒβΟΟΜ.

B cnynae KaTH0HHbix nonMMepoB onTHManbHoe C0AepxaHne nepeHOCHUKa KHHeTMHecKOH Lļenu οπρβΑβπηιοτ H3MepeHneM κοθφφΜΑΜβΗΤθ pacTBopi/iMOCTH. B 9 LV 11330

HaCTOflLLļeM Μ3θ6ρβΤΘΗΜΜ Κ03φφΚΙ_1ΗβΗΤ paCTBOpMMOCTM ΟΠρβΑΘΠΠβΤΟΠ ΚβΚ θ6ΐΧ1Μίί MonbHbiii % KaTMOHHOCTM nonmviepa, onpefleneHHbiM cnocoāoM CBfl3biBaHnn aHHOHa (CEQ), Hanp. κοππομαηνμ TUTpoBaHueM, αθπθηηνμ Ha o6LAyto

KaTMOHHOCTb, OnpeAeneHHyKD aHa/lMTMHeCKUM CnOCOČOM, ΗΘ 3aBMCflU4MM OT cBa3biBaHMa aHnOHa, Hanp. c noMoiAbio παβρηογο μ3γημτηογο pe30HaHca, HHcfjpaKpacHOM cnsKTpocKonm/i v\m χμμμηθοκμμ aHann30M, HacTHoe οτ αθπθημβ yMHoxaK)T Ha 100. KaTHOHHocTb οπρβΑθππιοτ μ3μθρθημθμ CEQ TaK, KaK onncaHO b Journal of Chemical Educatin, t. 62, T 7, οτρ. 627 — 629, Hionb 1985 r., npn stom ΟΠρθΑΘΠΑΙΟΤ KaTUOHHOCTb paCTBOpa C nOMOLAbK) KOnnOMAHOrO THTpOBaHMJR c uenbK) onpeAeneHna pacTBopuMOCTM b βοαθ. Πρμμθηθημθ nepeHoesuKa κμηθτμηθοκομ Lļenn B KOHAeHTpaLļMH, npH ΚΟΤΟρΟΗ ΚΟβφφΜψΙβΗΤ paCTBOpMMOCTH MeHbLUe 30%, npuBOAUT κ HepacTBopmvibiM προΑγκτΒΜ. ToribKO b cnynae ncnonb30BaHnn onTHManbHbix KOHLļeHTpaAMPi, o6ecneHHBaioiAMX κοβφφκΑκβΗΤ pacTBopuMOCTM Bbiiue 30%, nonmviepbi oānaAaiOT TpeāyeMbiMn noKa3aienaMM pacTBopuMOCTM. TaKMM oāpa30M, pacTBopmvibie Kan/ioHHbie nonuMepbi M3o6peTeHwn bo Bcex cnyHaax μμθιοτ MMHmvianbHbM κοθΦΦμαμθητ Bbiiue 30%, npeAnoHTme/ibHO Bbiiue 40% h Han6onee npeAnoHTHTenbHO Bbiiue 50%. Μηογμθ nonmviepbi μμθιοτ Κ03φφΜί1ΜΘΗΤ pacTBopuMOCTM BblLUe 90%. B cnynae HenoHHbix m aHMOHHbix nonmviepoB nepeHOCHHK κμηθτμηθοκομ ΑΘπμ AoāaBnatOT β κοπμηθοτβθ, αοοτθτοηηομ pna ηοπγΗβΗΜΠ nonmviepoB c BH3KOCTbK) b pacTBope οοοτβθτοτβθηηο no MeHbUieti Mepe 1,9 Mīla m no MeHbiueti Mepe 3 KlIa npw M3MepeHHi/i β βμοκο3Μμθτρθ ΕργκφΜΠΑΒ c VL-πθρθχοαημκομ npw 25°C , KOHmeHTpauMM nonuMepa 0,1% Macc b 1 M NaCI, 60 o6./mmh, μ b pe3ynbTaTe AOduratOT Tpe6yeMyio Bfl3K0CTb. ΠοπΜΜθρΜ33ΐ1ΜΗ Ha npaKTMKe μοχθτ 6biTb ocyu4ecTBneHa nonnMepM3aiļneM b rene mv\ nonnMepn3aLineM b 3MynbCnn (cycneH3nn). 06a cnocoāa xopomo M3BecTHbi cneLļMamiCTaM. nonnMepn3aAM5ļ β 3Mynbcnn BKmonaeT npnroTOBneHne AByx φ33. BoAHan φ33β coAepxm MOHOMep-(bi), pa3BeTBnntOLuee cpeACTBO m nepeHOCHHK KHHeTHnecKoii αθπμ b pacTBope AnoHM3MpoBaHHoii BOAbi, a Taxxe m APyrne χοροιυο M3BecTHbie cnemiamicTaM Ao6aBKM, TaKMe xax: CTa6nnn3aTopbi m perynnTopbi pH. MacnnHan φβ33 npeACTaenneT co6oii HepacTBopMMbiM β βοαθ pacTBop noBepxHOCTHO—aKTHBHbix BeuļecTB-(a) b ymeBOAopoAe. BoAHyio h MacnnHyio (pa3b\ 3aTeM CMeiunBaKDT w roMoreHM3npyioT b o6biHHOM o6opyAOBaHMM ao ηοπγΗβΗΜΠ HaCTMU pa3MepOM ΟΚΟΠΟ 1 MMKpOHa M AOCTMXeHMn ΗβοδχΟΑΜΜΟίί BH3K0CTM BCeti Maccbi. 3aieM 3Mynbcmo nepeHoesur b npneivmeMbiū cocyA, β κοτοροΜ 3Mynbcmo nepeMeujMBaioT μ προΑγΒβιοτ οκοπο - 9a -

TpMflLļaTM MMHyT a30T0M. HTOČbl HaMaTb n0miMepM3aL|MK) B paCTBOp 3aTeM HenpepbiBHO po6aBnnK)T MHUMnaTop nonnMepM3apnii, TaKofi KaK ΜβτθδΜογπΒφΜΤ HaTpmi. TeMnepaTypy nonMMepn3aqnM noBbiujaioT 3a οηθτ οο6οτβθηηογο Tennapo ΗΘΟβχορΜΜΟΓΟ ypOBH5R M nOflflep>KMBa(OT Ha 3T0M γρΟΒΗΘ ΠγΤΘΜ OXJia>KfleHMfl flO MOMema, Korpa oxnaxpeHMfl 6onbiue He τρθδγθτοπ. Κοηθηηνμ 3MynbCM0HHbi£i προργκτ oxna>KflaiOT po 25°C. ΓΙο o6biMHoii μθτορμκθ nonHMepn3ai4MM b rene μοηομθρ- (bi), pa3BeTBnjļK3ipee cpepcTBO m πθρθηοοημκ κμηθτμηθοκομ penu, pacTBOpjuoT b penoHM3MpoBaHHofi Bope m ycTaHaBnMBatOT Heo6xopnMoe 3HaneHMe pH. PacTBop noMemaKJT b nonMMepM3ai4MOHHbiii cocyp m ripu TeMnepaiype οκοπο 6°C pacTBop npopyBatoT a30T0M. 3aTeM po6aBnflfOT MHMLļnaTop c noBbimeHneM TeMnepaTypbi 3a οηθτ Tenna nonnMepn3ai4nn po MaKcmvianbHoro θηθηθημπ. Ποοπθ ροοτμχθημπ MaKCUManbHOM TeMnepaiypbi cMecb noMemaioT npuMepHO Ha 8 nacoB b nenb npw 70°C. Ποπυηθηηνμ renb pa3MenbHa(OT b rpaHynbi b βμρθ ηθρβπκοβ, cyiuaT Ha B03pyxe m pa3MenbHaK)T b ποροιυοκ. flnn CTa6nnn3amin borhom m MacnnHOM φθ3 Μοτγτ 6biTb ncnonb30BaHbi nra6bie o6biHHbie počaBKM. Πρμθμπθμνθ počaBKM βκπιοηθιοτ: cynb0aT βμμοημπ, 3TMneHpnaMMH0TeipayKcycHyio κκοποτγ (pnHaTpneByK5 conb) h PM3TnneHTpnaMMHoneHTaai4eTaT (πθητθηθτρμθβθα conb). Cm. Οοβρθμθηηυκ> sHLļMKnonepmo nnacTMacc / 88, MaKfpoy Xnn, oicračpb 1987, οτρ. 147-148. Hīo6bi HanaTb nonnMepM3aLļwo Μοτγτ 6biTb ncnonb30BaHbi n»o6bie Μ3βθοτημθ MHHpi/iaTopbi. flnn HaoTonipero Μ3ο6ρθτθημπ πρμθμπθμη b κθηθοτβθ MHULļnaTopoB a306n 6yTMpOHMTpnn, ΟγΠΒφΜΤ HaTpun, ΜΘΤΒδΜΟγΠΒφΜΤ HaTpHfl, 2,2' - a306nc (2-MeTHn-2-aMMpMHO- 10 LV 11330 riponaH) flMxnoprnflpaT, nepcynb<ļ)aT θμμοημα, reKcaruppaT xene3o(ll)-aMMOHMiicynb0aT m t. n. flna nonnMepn3ai4MM copep>KainMX flBoiiHyK) CBH3b μοηομθροβ MoryT 6biTb npuMeHeHbi opraHunecKue nepeKMCn. B HacToaoļeM Μ3θ6ρβτθΗΜΜ ποπθ3ηομ 0Ka3biBaeTCB π/iAponepeKncb TpeT-6yTnna. Cm. CoBpeMGHHyK) 3HLļMKnoneflMKD nnacTMacc/88, MaKfpoy Xm, OKTa6pb 1987, οτρ. 165-8. riony4eHHbiM b pe3ynbTaie nponyKT npeACTaBnaeT coāoPi He nOflBepraBlilMMCa ΟΑΒΜΓΟΒΟΜ ΑθφΟρΜθρΜΜ BblCOKOMOfiei<yjliļpHblM BblC0K0pa3BeTBJieHHblti BOflOpaCTBOpMMbIM aHMOHHblti, KaTMOHHbIM ΜΠΜ HeMOHHbIM nonuMep, οοο6θηηο πρμμθημμμμ β ιομθοτβθ χμμμηθοκογο $noKKynBHTa μ ηθ Tpe6yiomMM Mcnonb30BaHMii perynnpyeMOi/ļ cabi/ιγοβομ pecpopMapHM pna ΑΟΟΤΜΧΘΗΜίΙ OnTMManbHOŪ θφφθΚΤΜΒΗΟΟΤΙΊ. CTaflMM φΠΟΚΙψΠΗΑΜΜ M 06e3B0X01BaHMfl HaCTOflll^erO Μ3θ6ρΘΤΘΗΜΒ C LļenbK) οταθπθημα BOflbi OTflucnepcnn cycneHflnpoBaHHbix TBepflbix βθιαθοτβ npoBOAflT flo6aBnem/ieM κ cycneH3HM pacTBopa ηθ noABepraBiiierocfl οαβμγοβομ ΑθφορΜθφΐΜ BblCOKOMOneKyn5ipHOrO BOflOpaCTBOpMMOrO aHMOHHOro, KaTMOHHOrO ΜΠΜ ΗΘΜΟΗΗΟΓΟ ΠΟΠΜΜθρΗΟΓΟ φ/ΊΟΚΙψΠΗΗΤΒ, ΠΟΟΠΘ 4ΘΓ0 Β OČblHHOM 060pyfl0BaHMM βΠΒ ΟΤΑΘΠΘΗΜΗ BOflbi οταθπβιοτ Bopy οτ cycneH3MM c nonyseHneM KpMCTanbHO npo3pa4Horo οτχοα^ιαθγο nOTOKa. ripoflyKTbi HacTOfliiļero μ3ο5ρθτθημβ npMMeHMMbi b caMbix pa3/iM4Hbix onepai4HBX no pa3fleneHMto TBepflbix βθιαθοτβ h χμακοοτμ c οπτμμμθθαμθμ τθκμχ onepapMM. Ποπμμθρηηθ φποκιψπΑΗΤΒΐ ΜΟΓγτ 6biTb πρμμθηθηβι ρμη 06e3B0>KMBaHHB CyeneHAHpOBaHHblX TBepflblX BeLLieCTB H flpyrnx npOMbllUneHHblX ocapKOB, απβ ocyiueHMa penniono3Hbix cycneH3HH, HanpuMep, nony4aeMbix b npon3BOflCTBe 6yMarn, a TaiOKe απβ otctob pa3nu4Hbix HeopraHU4eci<nx cycneH3Mūi.

OnncaHue npeAno4TMTenbHbix BapnaHTOB ocyiAecTBneHMfl M3o6peieHHB Ημχθ cneAyKDT npHMepbi, nnmocTpnpyioiAne H3o6peTeHne. Πρμβθαθηηβιθ npHMepbl HH Β ΚΟΘίί ΜθρΘ ΗΘ ΠρθΑΗΘΘΗΘΗΘΗΗ β,Π9\ ΟφθΗΙ/ΗΘΗΚΒ Κ3θ6ρΘΤΘΗΜΒ.

KaTHOHHblii aKpnnaMHAHblii ΠΟΠΜΜθρ nony4aH3T nonHMepM3aLJ,Heii 3Myj"lbCMH. BoAHyio φθ3ν γοτοββτ pacTBopeHMeM 87 r npopa^Horo KpncTannn4ecKoro MOHOMspa aKpunaMupa, 210,7 r75%-ro θκρμποκοι/ιθτμπτρι/ιμθτμπθμμοημ-xnopnAa, 4,1 r cyr^aTa aMMOHHB, 4,9 r 5%—hoPi 3TnneHAuaMUH0TeTpayxcycH0ii KucnoTbi (AMHaipneBaB conb), 3,68 r 1,5%-ro 2-nponaHona β κθηθοτβθ nepeHOC4MKa κμηθτι/ιηθοκομ peņu, 1 r0,245%-ro (104/mjih) MeinneH6ncaKpnn-aMHAa β KanecTee ρ33βθτβπβιοιαθγο cpepcTBa (npHMep 5B) h 2,56 r rnAponepeKncn TpeT-6yTnna β ιοηθοτβθ HHHUHaTopa nonnMepn3aunn β 189,3 r 11 fleH0HM3Hp0BaHH0ii BOflbl. βΟδθΒΠΘΗΜΘΜ CepHOH KMCJlOTbl yCTaHaBflHBaKDT pH 3,5 (+0,1).

MacnjļHyfo φa3y nonyHaraT pacTBopeHneM b 173,4 r ηθμμθκηρθμ 3anaxa Β33θπμηοβομ Macne 12 r MOHOoneaia copāma.

BoflHyto $a3y m MacnaHyK) 0a3y CMemuBatOT m roMoreHM3npyK)T po nonyHeHMfl nacTMui pa3MepoM οκοπο 1 MMKpoHa. 3Mynbcmo nepeHociiT b TpexropnyKD KpyrnopoHHyto Kon6y Ha opmh nmp, CHa6>KeHHyK) MeuianKoii, nopBopnipeii a30T Tpy6Koii, πμημθμ nopani/i Meia6ncynb0ma HaTpun (aKTMBaTop) μ τβρΜΟΜβτροΜ.

3aieM 3MynbcnK5 nepeMeiuMBaioT, npopyBaioT a30T0M m ycTaHaBnnBaiOT TeMnepaTypy 25°C ( ΓΟ ). Ποοπθ npopyBaHM5i a30T0M b τθηθημθ 30 MMHyT co CKopocTbfo 0,028 μπ/μμη po6aBnniOT 0,8%-biii pacTBop MeTaāncynb0MTa HaTpun (MBH). nonm\/iepM3auiifl npoieKaeT c BbipeneHneM Tenna, m TeMnepaTypy perynnpyK)T πθρπηομ Βοροιί. Ποοπθ τογο xax Heo6xopnMOCTb b oxnaxpeHwn pnn noppepxaHi/in HyxHoii TeMnepaTypy omapaeT CKopocTb npn6aBneHnn 0,8%-ro pacTBopa MBH yBennHMBaiOT m pnn noppepxaHnn ΗβοδχορΜΜοίί TeMnepaiypbi πρΜΜΘΗίΐιοτ o6orpeBaTenbHyto py6aiiiKy. Ποπηοθ βρθμπ nonnMepn3aunM 4-5 nacoB. nonyHeHHbiii 3MynbCMOHHbM npopyKT 3aTeM oxnaxpatOT po 25°C. OnbīT ΠΟΒΤΟρΠΙΟΤ C Κ3ΜΘΗΘΗΗΘΜ KOmtHeCTBa Μ30Πρ0ΠΜΠ0Β0Γ0 ΟΠΜρΤΘ (ΜΠΟ) Μ ΜΘΤΙ/ΙΠΘΗ-6ncaKpnnaMnpa (MBA) πο οτηοιπθηκκ) k 6a30B0My MOHOMepy. OnpepennioT BH3KOCTb pacTBopa μ κοθΦΦμρκθητ pacTBopuMOCTM, pe3ynbTaTbi onpepeneHMii npuBepeHbi b HMxecnepyioLueii Taānupe 1. Ba3K0CTb pacTBopa n κοβφφκρΜΘΗτ pacTBopuMOCTH (CEQ %) onpepennfOT Ha οοηοβθ πρμγοτοβπθηηβιχ βορηνχ 3MynbCM0HHbix pacTBopoB. BopHbiii 0,2%-biii pacTBop 3MynbCMOHHoro npopyKTa nonynaiOT pncneprnpoBaHneM b nmpoBOM χμμμηθοκομ CTaKaHe 1,7 r 34%-ro 3MynbcnoHHoro npopyKTa b 298 rpenoHH3npoBaHHoPi Bopbi m 0,2 r pe3Mynbrnpyiomero ποβθρχηοοτηο—θκτμβηογο BeipecTBa. flucnepcrno nepeMeujHBatOT co cKopocTbto 250 o6./mmh 2 naca Ha MarHHTHoii MemanKe c nOMOīpbHD MarHUTHOTO ΟΤΘρΧΗΠ ΡΠΙ/ΙΗΟΜ 6 CM Μ ΡΜ3ΜΘΤρ0Μ 1 CM. 3aTeM paCTBOp pa36aBnnfOT po KOHueHTpapm/i 0,1%, npw κοτοροίί onpepennioT BB3KocTb pacTBopa H 3Η8ΗΘΗΜΘ CEQ B OTCyTCTBHM CPBHTOBOH ρθφθρΜ3ρΜΜ. flnn cpaBHeHHH Taxxe nonyHaK)T 0,1%-biii pacTBop, nopBepmyTbiii CpBHrOBOM ΡΘφΟρΜβρΜΜ. nonyHeHHblM B OTCyTCTBMM ΟρΒΜΓΟΒΟίί ρθφθρΜ3ρΐ4Μ 0,1%-biii pacTBop (pa36aBneHMeM 0,2%-ro pacTBopa, cm. Bbirne) nepeHoenT b CMecmenb YapnHra Ha 30 yHiļMM (0,9n) c BHyTpeHHMM pnaM©TpoM οκοπο 7 cm m HeTbipbMB BpaipatOīpHMMCn nonaCTBMM ΡΜΘΜΘΤρΟΜ ΟΚΟΠΟ 4 CM, ηρΜΗΘΜ ρΒΘ nonacTH HanpaBneHbi ΒΒθρχ nop yrnoM οκοπο 30°C , a pee nonāc™ HanpaBneHbi BHM3 nop yrnoM 30°C. TompMHa nonacTeii 1 mm, m ohh BpaipatOTcn 2 naca co 12 LV 11330 CKopocTbio 1100 o6./mmh. B τθηθημθ θτμχ flByx nacoB αθμθτβμβ cabmtobom ΑβφορΜβι^ΜΜ TeMnepaTypy pacTBopa nc>AAepxMBaiOT npn 25°C μπμ ημχθ.

Bii3K0CTb pacTBopa onpeflenatOT nocne flOāaBneHUfl b ποαβθργθβιιιμμθη μπμ ηθ noflBepraBUJMiicfl cabmtobom fle$opMaiļmi 0,1 %—biti pacTBop nonuMepa (100 r) 5,84 rxnopncToro Haipna μ μθαπθηηογο πθρθμθιπμβθημπ b τθηθημθ 15 MMHyT. Bfi3K0CTb onpeflenfltoT b βμοκο3μμθτρθ Bpyi^MnAa, MOflenb LVT c VL-πθρθχοαημκομ npM 25°C (0,1°C ) m 60 o6./mmh. ΚΟθφφΜΑΜΘΗΤ paCTBOpMMOCTM (CEQ % ) OnpeflenBtOT Μ3ΜΘΡΘΗΜΘΜ KaTMOHHOCTM paCTBOpa C nOMOliļbK) ΚΟΠΠΟΜΑΗΟΓΟ TMTpOBaHMil ΠΟ ΜΘΤΟβΜΚΘ, πρμβθαθηηομ ΑΠΒ onpefleneHMJī CEQ b Journal oi Chem. Ed. t. 62, N 7, Mionb 1985, οτρ. 627-629. Πρμμθηθηηβιθ κομπο3μαμμ m nonyHeHHbie pe3ynbTaTbi πρΜΒθΑβΗω b TačnMLļe 1. TABJII/ILļA 1. PaCTBOpMMOCTb M BB3K0CTb paCTBOpOB KaTMOHHblX ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜθρΟΒ 3ΚρΜΠ3ΜΜΑ/ Q'9 ΠρΜΜθρ Q-9 %ΜΟΠ. unc % 1A* 40 0 1B* 40 0 1C* 40 0 1D* 40 0 1E* 40 0 1F* 40 0 2A* 40 0,125 2B* 40 0,25 3A* 40 0,5 3A 40 0,5 3B 40 0,5 3C 40 0,5 3D 40 0,5 > * 40 1,0 4A 40 1,0 4B 40 1,0 4C 40 1,0 4D 40 1,0 4B* 40 1,0

Mfla h/mjih h/mjih (Macc.) (ΜΟΠ.) 5 3,9 1,81 10 7,8 1,71 20 15,6 1,55 30 23,4 1,39 50 39,0 1,41 100 78,0 1,26 20 15,6 1,49 20 15,6 1,78 0 0 3,67 5 3,9 1,98 10 7,8 3,53 15 11,7 2,75 25 19,5 1,80 0 0 2,94 5 3,9 3,19 10 7,8 3,34 15 11,7 2,71 25 19,5 1,92 50 39,0 1,48 MBA B.P. CEQ CEQ(C) PM % % 18,0 76,8 76,6 16,0 66,0 75,8 16,2 69,0 76,5 11,8 42,9 72,5 6,5 25,6 97,0 4,1 12,6 67,5 13,7 56,1 75,6 29,5 96,9 69,6 85,6 94,3 9,2 79,9 98,5 18,9 66,4 97,0 31,5 54,6 92,2 40,8 30,6 93,7 67,3 90,0 93,7 3,9 84,1 92,5 8,4 87,1 94,0 7,3 53,7 95,2 4,4 31,5 94,0 62,5 16,3 76,5 78,7 13 5A* 40 1,5 0 0 2,12 95,8 97,0 1,2 5A 40 1,5 5 3,9 2,76 93,4 94,6 1,3 5B 40 1,5 10 7,8 2,74 91,6 95,2 3,8 5C 40 1,5 20 15,4 3,01 92,8 94,3 1,6 5B* 40 1,5 50 39,0 1,74 27,0 90,4 70,1 5C* 40 1,5 100 78,0 1,46 14,1 72,9 80,7 6A* 40 2,0 0 0 2,24 97,5 98,8 1,3 6A 40 2,0 5 3,9 2,36 97,6 97,6 0 6D 40 2,0 10 7,8 2,45 92,8 94,3 1,6 6C 40 2,0 15 11,7 2,44 96,4 97,3 0,9 6D 40 2,0 25 19,5 2,50 97,6 97,6 0 6E 40 2,0 50 39,0 2,81 92,8 94,3 1,6 7A 40 4,0 25 19,5 1,90 96,9 97,6 0,7 7B 40 4,0 50 39,0 2,18 92,7 94,6 2,0 7C 40 4,0 100 78,0 1,92 54,0 95,5 43,5 8A* 20 0 10 6,2 2,01 21,4 73,8 71,0 8B* 20 0 25 15,5 1,43 10,3 37,3 72,4 8A 20 1,5 10 6,2 2,69 79,8 83,2 4,1 8B 20 1,5 25 15,5 3,20 65,0 70,7 19,4 co > * 60 0 10 9,4 1,89 15,5 79,1 80,4 9B* 60 0 25 23,5 2,46 8,8 62,2 85,9 9A 60 1,5 10 9,4 2,49 83,5 88,3 5,4 9B 60 1,5 25 23,5 2,46 82,7 85,3 3,0 * -- KoHTponbHbiti o6pa38u (C) — noflBeprHyTbiiŪ οαβμγοβορ fle0opMaunn pacTBop nonuMepa

Q-9 -- aKpnnoKCM3TnnTpnMeTnnaMMOHMPixnopMA l/inc — n3onponnnoBbiM cnupT (nepeHocHMK κμηθτρηθοκομ peņu) MBA — MeTuneHSucaKpunaMMfl (pa3BeTBrmioLnee cpeflCTBo) B. P. — Bfl3KOCTb pacTBopa PH — /CEQ(C) - CEQ/:CEQ(C) H/MnH(Macc.) — HacTM Ha μμππμοη no Macce η/μπη(μοπ.)-HaCTM Ha ΜΜΠΠΜΟΗ B ΜΟΠΠΧ I/I3 Ta6nnubi 1 BUflHO, οκομ orpoMHbiPi BbiMrpbiLUHbiM οφφθκτ Ha pacTBopuMocTb b pacTBope κ3τμοηηογο ρ83Βθτβπθηηογο cononHMepa 0Ka3biBaeT Ao6aBneHne nepeHOCHMKa ΚΜΗβΤΜΗβοκοίί peņu npn ποπγπθΗΜΜ cononHMepa c ββθαθημθμ 6nφyHκ^noHaπbHOΓO MOHOMepa b nonnMepHyio penb. HaānKDflaeMaH KaTnoHHOCTb (CEQ) ηβπηθτολ HenocpeflCTBeHHoii Mepoii pacTBopuMOCTn 14 LV 11330 cononuMepa. PacTBopuMbie cononuMepbi μμθιοτ κοθΦΦμρμθητ Bbime 30%, COnOnUMepbl, y KOTOpblX ΚΟθφφΜρΜΘΗΤ paCTBOpMMOCTM ΗΜΧΘ 30%, HepaCTBOpUMbl. Bjļ3K0CTb b pacTBope aBnaeTca Mepoū Mone«yrmpHOro eeca cononmviepa, m OHa noKa3biBaeT, hto Bce pacTBopuMbie cononuMepbi μμθιοτ oneHb BbicoKne MoneKynapHbie Beca, npeBbiLuaioiAMe 1 μμππμοη. llpuMep 1 hcho noKa3biBaeT, hto ββθαθημθ Aaxe oneHb He6onbWMx KonunecTB (5 η/μπη (Macc.) ρθθβθτβπηιοιαθγο cpepcTBa ηβπηθτοη πρμημηομ HepacTBopuMOCTn cononuMepa b OTcyTCTBMM nepeHOCHMKa κμηθτμηθοκομ peņu. OflHaKO, pacTBopuMbie BbicoKopa3BeTBneHHbie npoflyKTbi c βμοοκμμ MoneKynapHbiM βθοομ MoryT 6biTb πθγκο nonyHeHbi npn floāaBneHnn b onTHManbHbix KonvmecTBax nepeHOCHMKa κμηθτμηθοκομ penu (ΜΠΟ). npuMepbi 2A n 2B noKa3biBatoT, hto nonuMepbi, BbinanatOLpne M3 oāteMa HacToamero M3o6peTeHna, očpa3yiOT npn Mcnonb30BaHMM μθτοαμκ, peKOMeHflyioiAHX πρμμθηθημθ He6oribLUMX κοπμηθοτβ nepeHOCHMKa κμηθτμηθοκομ penn. Ηθο6χοαμμο OTMeTUTb, hto ncnonb30BaHne cabmiobom Α©φορΜ3ρΜΜ ηθ ΒΠΜΗΘΤ CyiiļeCTBeHHO Ha paCTBOpMMOCTb ΠΟΠΜΜΘρΟΒ ripu OriTMManbHOpi KOHpeHTpaunu nepeHOCHMKa κμηθτμηθοκομ peņu (cm. Hanp., o5pa3pbi 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 5C, 6A, 6B, 6C, 6fl, 6E, 7A, 7B, 8A, 9A μ 9B). OflHaKO, flaHHbie fl/ia CEQ(C) M3 Tačnupbi 1 comacyiOTca c μ3βθοτημμ yTBepxfleHneM o tom, hto CflBMroBaa ΑΘφορΜ8ρΜ« μοχθτ npeBpaTMTb HepacTBopuMbie normMepbi b pacTBopuMbie, o ηθμ mna penb Bbiiue. Ηθο6χοαμμο OTMeTMTb, hto b TaOnnue 1 PM = [CEQ(C) -CEQ]:CEQ(C) μ πβππθτοπ Mepoii pocTa mohhoctm. nonuMepbi c BbicoKUM 3HaneHneM PΜ ηθ o6n3aTenbHO ηθ pacTBopMMbi, KaK yTBep>KAanocb paHee, t. e. PM He aBnaiOTCa Mepoū pacTBopMMOCTM, a aenaioTca προοτο Mepoii mohhoctm, βμηβπθηηομ b χοαθ HanoxeHMA cabmtobom ΑθφορΜθρΜΜ. rionyHeHHbie B COOTBeTCTBMM C HaCTOflLlļMM Μ3θ6ρβΤΘΗΜΘΜ nOHMMepbl ΜΜΘΙΟΤ PM B UJMpOKOM MHTepBane 3Η3ΗΘΗΜΜ, HO MX paCTBOpMMOCTb He HBnaeTCH φyHK^MeM 3Η3ΗΘΗΜΜ PM. TaKMe noriMMepbi, KaK npeACTaBneHHbie o6pa3paMM 6A μ 6E, μμθιοτ PM = 0, a mx Κ03φφΜρΜθΗΤ pacTBopMMOCTM paeeH 97,6%.

OnbīTbi 10, 11

Pa3BeTBneHHbie nonMMepbi nonynaioT no μθτοαμκθ npMMepa 1 3a μοκπιοηθημθμ τογο, hto b KanecTBe pa3BeTBnaioLLļero cpeACTBa ΒΜΘΟΤΟ MBA ΠρΜΜΘΗΠΙΟΤ ΑΜΜΘΤ3ΚρΜΠ3Τ Π0ΠΜ3ΤΜΠΘΗΓΠΜΚ0ΠΠ (MB=600). ΟπρβΑΘΠΘΗΒΙ BA3K0CTM B pacTBope m pacTBopMMOCTM noABepraBLUMxca μ ηθ noABepraBWMXca οαβμγοβομ ΑθφΟρΜΘΑΜΜ ΠΟΠΜΜΘρΟΒ Μ ΠΟ/ψΗΘΗΗΝΘ pe3ynbTaTbl ΠρΜΒΘΑΘΗΜ Β ΗΜΧΘ- cneAyfoiAeū TaānMpe 2. 15

Tačnnua 2

Bji3koctii pacTBopoB m pacTBopuMOCTM cononi/ΐΜθροΒ Q9-AMfl(40:60) nonyHeHHbix ripu ynacTM ΑΜΑΠ3Γ ΠρΜΜβρ Ι/ΙΠΑ % ΑΜΑΠ3Γ Β. Ρ. Mīla CEQ % CEQ(C) % PM % η/μπη η/μπη (Macc.) (μοπ.) 10 1,5 49,4 7,8 2,93 76,5 89,5 14,5 11 1,5 132,4 19,5 1,88 45,0 90,4 50,2 AMfl — aKpunaMMfl

Cm. npuMeHaHue KTaGnuue 1

Taāmma 2 noKa3biBaeT, ητο ηθ nojņBepraBLUMecji cflBuroBoii fle$opMaLļnn BbicoKopa3BeTBneHHbie BbicoKOMoneKynnpHbie nonuMepbi b οοοτβθτοτβμμ c HaCTOfllUMM Μ3θδρθΤΘΗΜΘΜ MOryT 6blTb nonyHeHbl H ripu MCfl0Jlb30BaHMM anbTepHaTMBHbix pa3BeTBniuomnx cpepcTB.

KaTMOHHbiiĪ aKpunaMMflHbiiĪ οοποπμμθρ nonyHaiOT nonMMepM3aLļneti b rene (cyxoM nopomoK). B 412,33 rflenoHM3npoBaHHOM BOflbi pacTBopniOT 89,98 r aKpunaMMfla, 218,2 Γ 75%-rO 3ΚρΜΠΟΚΟΜ3ΤΜΠΤρΜΜβΤΜΠ3ΜΜΟΗΜίίΧΠθρΜΠ3, 0,2 Γ 10%-ro flueTMneHTpuaMUHneHTaaLļeTaTa (neHTaHaTpueBan conb), 15 raflmļMHOBOM KucnoTbi, 1,1 μπ 20%-hom cepHoPi κμοποτν, 2,54 r 1%-ro rnno$oc0MTa HaTpMn (100 η/μπη Ha MOHOMep) m 1 r0,254%-ro MeTuneHāncaKpunaMMfla. npuroTOBneHHbiti pacTBop MOHOMepa noMemaiOT b nonnMepi/i3aLinoHHbiM cocy/ļ Ha oflHy KBapTy (0,95 n), CHa6>KeHHyio Tpy6<OM flnn npoflyBaHnn a30T0M, τβρΜΟΜβτροΜ h οτΒβροτΜβΜ μ αππ noflaHH aKTMBaTopa. PacTBop npoflyBatoT 30 MHHyT a30T0M ripu TeMnepaType 6°C ( 1°C ). ilocne npoflyBaHnn flo6aBnniOT 10 μπ 2%-ro flnxnoprnflpaTa 2,2-a3o6nc(2-MeTMn-2-aMHflMHonponaHa), 0,8 μπ 0,25%-ro πepcyπbφaτa aMMOHnn h 0,8 μπ 0,25%-ro reKcaruppaia χβπβ30(ΙΙ)3ΜΜ0ΗΜί^ΠΒφ3Τ3 (aKTHBaTopbi). ilocne 3arycTeBaHun MOHOMepHoro pacTBopa Tpy6xy ρππ npopyBaHnn a30Ta noflHHMaiOT β ΒβρχΗίοιο nacTb nonnMepM3apnoHHoro cocyfla. TeMnepaiypa CMecM noBbiujaeTcn 3a cneTTenna n0nMMepM3aLļHM flO MaKCHManbHOrO ypOBHfl (TennOH30nnpytOlMMH ΚΟΗΤβίίΗβρ), nocne nero cocyfl noMeinaiOT Ha 8 nacoB b Harpeiyio po 70°C nenb. rionyHeHHbiii ΒΠ3ΚΜίί renb pa3MenbHaiOT b BMpe ηθρβπηκοβ ao pa3Mepa 1/8 flioPiMa (0,33 cm), cyinaT 2 naca Ha B03Ayxe npH 65°C n 3aieM pa3MenbnaiOT β ποροιυοκ c pa3MepoM nacTHu 9-20 Mem. PacTBopuMOCTn h bb3koctm b pacTBope onpenenniOT no MeTOflMKe npHMepa 1, nonyneHHbie pe3ynbTaTbi npHBefleHbi β HnxecnenyK)iueii Ta6nnue 3. 16 LV 11330 Q-9AMfl (40:60), cononnMepn3aLļM5i b rene ΠρΜΜθρ ΓΙ/ΙΠ h/mjih MBA Β. P. Mna CEQ % CEQ(C) % PM % η/μπη (Macc.) ll 12A* 0 5 3.9 (i) - - - 12B* 0 25 19.5 0) - - - 12C* 75 25 19.5 (i) - - - 12A 100 5 3.9 2.83 84.6 87.7 1.2 12B 100 10 7.8 2.88 87.0 92.5 1.1 12C 100 25 19.5 2.98 86.8 89.8 1.1 * - κοΗτρο/ibHbiii o6pa3eq ΓΙ/ΙΠ-ΓΜΠΟφΟΟφΜΤ Harpija

η/μπη(μοπ.) — MacTM Ha μμππμοη b μοπλχ (i) - ηθ pacTBopuM H3 Ta6nmļbi 3 bmaho, hto HacToamee μ3ο6ρθτθημθ μοχθτ 6biTb MCnOJlb30BaHO flJ15ļ ΠΟΠγΗΘΗΜΛ Β ΓΘΠΘ ΗΘ ΠΟΒθρΓΘΒωΜΧΟΗ CABMIOBOM ΑθφορΜβΜΜΜ paCTBOpMMblX BblC0K0pa3BeTBJieHHblX BblCOKOMOneKy/15ipHblX COnOnHMepOB M HTO μο>κθτ 6biTb ncnonb30BaH ηκ)6οϊί nepeHOCHHK κμηθτμηθοκομ peņu, ec/iM το/ibKO oh ΠρΜΜΘΗΑΘΤΟΗ B OnTMManbHOM KOHLļeHTpaMMM. npHMepbi 13-17 Ι/lcnbiTaHbi pa3nnHHbie nonHMepHbie npoflyKTbi b KanecTBe cpepcTB nn* οταθπθημα BOflbi ot Heo6pa6oTaHHoro (cbiporo) ocaflKa npw HecKO/ibKMX pa3nnHHbix fl03npoBKax c qenbK) nonyHeHMJi β κθκθ onTMMa/ibHoro coflepx<aHM5i TBeppbix BemecTB. Β χμμμηθοκομ CTaKaHe Ha 400 mji CMeiuMBaraT 3aflaHHbie KominecTBa 2%-ro pacTBopa cononmviepa b eope c 200 r Heo6pa6oTaHHoro ocaflKa m nepeMeuji/iBatOT c noMombto TpexnonacTHoii τγρβΜΗΗοίί MeiuanKH 3 MHHyTbi npM 750 o6./mmh. BbinaBiuMM xnonbHMM ocaflOK οστβΒΠίΐιοτ Ha 3 MMHyTbi fl/ia cBofioflHoro o6e3BO>KMBaHMfl b Tpy6xe pa3MepoM 8 cm, coflep^aifleM φ^lJ^bτpyκ)ι^y^o cpefly. 3aTeM noBepx xexa noMematOT eifle oamh «ycoK φnπbτpyκ3ιne^ί cpeflbi m ΠρΜΜΘΗΘΗΜΘΜ ΠΟρίυΗΘΒΟΓΟ npeCCa B oāinefi CJ"IO>KHOCTM Ha 6 MMHyT C03flaK)T flaBneHHe no cneflyK3iiļeMy φ3φΜ^: 0,1 mmh npM 10 psi (0,7 ai), 0,1-2 mhh npw 20 psi (1,4 aT), 2-3 mmh npM 30 psi (2,1 aī) m 3-6 mmh npM 40 psi (2,8 ai). Κθκ OTflenaHDT ot φMΠbτpy^ou^eM cpeflbi, β3βθιιιμβ&κ)τ, cyiuaT 16 nacoB npM 95 °C, ΠβρθΒ3ΒΘ1±1ΜΒ3Η0Τ Μ ΟΠρθ/1ΘΠ51ΚΪΤ Πρθί|ΘΗΤΗΟΘ COflep>KaHMe Β ΚΘΚΘ TBepflblX BeiiļecTB. C penbro cpaBHeHMfi nonyHeHbi TaK>Ke noflBepraBLUMecji οαβμγοβομ 17 flecpopMaLļHM nonMMepbi, KOTopbie McnbīTaHbi b κθηθοτβθ cpeflCTB flna οταθπθημα BOflbi ot Heo6pa6oTaHHoro ocaflKa. noflBepraBLUneca οαβμγοβομ fle0opMaL(MM nonMMepbi nonyHaiOT αθμοτβμθμ b CMecmene CunbBepcoHa 12P οαβμγοβομ flec{jopMai4MM Ha 0,1% Macc. pacTBopbi paanMHHbix ηθ noABepraBuiMxcn οαβμγοβομ ΑΘφΟρΜΘΜΜΜ ΠΟΠΜΜΘρΟΒ. CMeCMTe/lb CMilbBepCOHa ΜΜΘΘΤ KBaflpaTHOe ΟΤΒβρΟΤΜΘ, C03flaKDLHHii BblCOKyK5 CflBMrOByKD fle0OpMaLļMKD 3KpaH Μ ροτορ flMaMeTpOM 3 MM, BpauļaK)Liļniic5i co CKopocTbio 3000 o6./mmh β τθηθημθ 15 MMHyr. flnH noflflep>KaHM5i TeMnepaTypbi pacTBopa b npeflenax 22°C b χοαθ Bcex 15 MMHyT HanoxeHMfl οαβμγοβομ ΑθφορΜ3ΜΜΜ Mcnonb3yioT oxjiaxflaK>myKī 6aHio. TaKoii cnoco6 ΗΘΠΟΧΘΗΜη ΟΑΒΜΓΟΒΟΜ ΑθφΟρΜβρΜΜ ΗΒηηΘΤΟΑ TMnMHHbIM Μ3ΒΘ0ΤΗ0Γ0 ypOBHH ΤΘΧΗΜΚΜ M OnilCaH Β ΕβρΟΠΘΜΟΚΟΜ ΠβΤΘΗΤΘ 0201237 Ha CTp. 11, CTpOKM 17-19. l1onyHeHHbie pe3ynbTaTbi πρμβθαθηη b HMxecneAyiomeM Ta6nmļe 4. V\3 Ta6nnubl 4 flCHO BHflHO, HTO ΠΟ/lHMepbl HaCTO^l^erO Μ3θ6ρθΤΘΗΜΑ ycTOHHMBO patOT κθκμ c 6onee bucokhm coAepacaHMeM TBepflbix BemecTB no CpaBHeHMKJ nOnMMepaMM ηρΟΤΟΤΜΠΟΒ H fleilCTByiOT npH 3HaHMTej1bH0 ΗΜ3ΚΜΧ fl03npoBKax ηθχθπη noABepraBUJMecn οαβμγοβομ ΑΒφορΜΘΑΜΜ HepacTBopMMbie pa3BeTBneHHbie nonMMepbi. Bonee τογο, χοτη μ ποατβθρχαθηο, ητο οαβμγοβθη ΑθφθρΜaLļM5ļ nOBblUiaeT 3φφΘΚΤΜΒΗ00^ HepaCTBOpMMblX ΠΟΠΜΜΘρΟΒ, ΤΘΜ ΗΘ ΜΘΗΘΘ ΜΧ ΑΘΜΟΤΒΜΘ yCTynaeT ΑΘΜΟΤΒΜΚ) HenOflBepraBlUMXCJl ΟΑΒΜΓΟΒΟΜ ΑΘφΟρΜΘΜΜΜ ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜΘρΟΒ Μ3θ6ρΘΤΘΗΜΑ. PpyrOe npeMMymeCTBO ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜθρΟΒ HacTO?unero Μ3ο6ρθτθημα 3aKniOHaeTCji b o6pa30BaHMM Kexa ο βηοοκμμ 00ρβρ>Κ3ΗΜΘΜ TBepAblX ΒΘΙΑΘΟΤΒ B UUMpOKOM ΜΗΤΘρΒΘΠΘ ΠρΜΜΘΗΑΘΜΝΧ A03Mp0B0K cononMMepa. npMMepbi 18-21

BocnpoM3BeAeHa μθτοαμκβ npMMepa 13 c πρμμθηθημθμ oobakob paariMHHoro TMna. B npMMepax 18 m 19 πρμμθηαιοτ anbTepHaTMBHbiM cnoco6 CMeiUMBaHMJI. BMeCTO MCn0nb30BaHM5ļ ΤρθΧΑΟΠΑΟΤΗΟΜ Typ6MHHOM MGLUanKM nonMMGp m HGo6pa6oTaHHbiM ocaAOK BCTp?iXMBaK3T b cocyAG Ha 1 KBapTy (0,95 η) b TGHGHMG 3 MMHyT Μ npM 45 θβ./MMH. ΟπρΘΑβΠΗΙΟΤ ΠρΟΜΘΗΤΗΟΘ COAGp>KaHMG ΒΘΙΑΘΟΤΒ Β ΚΘΚΘ, nOJiyHGHHblG pG3yAbTaTbl npMBGAGHbl B HM)KGCnGAytOlHGM Ta6nMLlG 5. I/I β 3T0M cnynae nonMMepbi HacTonmero Μ3ο6ρθτθημα πρΘΒΟΟΧΟΑητ HepacTBopMMbie ρθ3βθτβαθηημθ nonMMepbi m noABepraBLUMecn οαβμγοβομ ΑθφορΜΒρΜΜ nonMMepbi npM 6onee hm3kmx A03MpoBKax. Kax οηθβμαηο, οποοοδ CMeLUMBaHMn ηθ oxa3biBaeT cymecTBeHHoro BnnnHMn Ha 3φφεκτΜΒΗ00^ nonMMepHbix φηοκι^ηηΗΤΟΒ HacTonmero μ3ο6ρθτθημη. LV 11330

^Q- (O E, co

Cflco cn

®§°oS

I I I 05 co

< LO o ^J· co *o °oQS°- φ ·^ ° O co o o CO ^ CO CM I - I _T "Ο·

CM CO

< CO co o co 0 0o0^-CO ° CM ^ cn cm in co

Taānuua 4. 06e3B05KKBaHMe oca/ļKa (fpnHBMH.CT 172°) < Tt· o , _ COoo«o"-<o -m- _ cm cn co '-i 1 cm CO 05 oco co * Ū0 o o co O «> o co 1 σΓ CQ co < co o. 05

o. C 00

CO o o CO -M- Ο O CO O 00

T- o I oo"

<9. I

CM 05 COdC i Ss fcl 5 co 1 ioioo g LU ujej cd cd ο o LV 11330

o_ cn o_ c\ļ o’ cm T- in CM CM CO CM

CM Tt ^ T- CO’ CO 00 i—' CM CM CM CM

OO'i 0(0 < < co’ cn σΓ cm" σΓ CM CM CM CO CM

00 C0_<<<<<!-" 1 co’ CM CM

CTJ CM CO 1- <33 rC σ> ο’ T-" K CM CM CO CO CM

M- O) N ω < < n ο" σ>" o" CM CM CM CO

00. N 00_ < < < cm" in oo" CM CM CM

CO CO_ CO_ o_ oo’ ο" ο" ο" σ>" CM CO CO CO CM c c c o o o ^ O JO o

Eccccccc -Hooooooo -Rooooooo

^ . r- cn X < CM CM

X < CM K CM CM

LO CO oo" oo’ CM CM on s 2 CO x s o. co s X o c >s o x o ΖΓ X x3 0 Ι Ο CO 1 cn X X 0) -QΈ 0 x 1 0) o. o s s X o c cr COΈΩ. O θ α) a. >x o ω o i_ scorc o o; o Ω χ ω 1 >s o VO o o H 2 x x co CO ίο X 0) ΟΧ 3 LO 'ί ο II h- I Θ-

co ā o O x s CL o E, co zr <u co cū o. co o s I 0 Έ cū x1 o CL I- x

KeKa N OO Ocb σ>

T- CJ ω Ο) T- co CO OD O T- ΙΟ Γ'»" o" cm’ 't" co’ τ-τ-1-i-OJCMCdCM S>, g a Q.o 3 0) < α Έ -o o s —1 O. Q_ c o < o o -Ω _l _l —1 co ^ o co’ io cm co C C CO CO T- -T- 3 co co Ι Ο. 0) co X o c co CO o X * s o CL 5 cū CL cū cn ll | i >5 a. _a ^ CO CŪ gS s VO X X O O a. x cc s Oco O £ o X X 0 I- CŪ X CŪ Ω. 0) 5 X1SLI o o

Q- O 0) ω I Ū) X X ο < ο: o i c ω ^ 1 ca_i < LV 11330 sg o 0" 0 0 <n ί ο o 3 ω m o X s 0 0 TA5J1HUA 5. 06e3BO>KMBaHMe ocapica (ΟτβΗφορΑ, CT 1 °/2°), βπμαημθ nepeMemuBaHua < La ocz s s 1 0 (Ū Cl m 0 x C 3 JX x 3 CL >. 0 S 5 x x n o. n. o. 0 5 x CL Π. 23,8 21,6 22,8 26,3 22,8 21,6 27,6 19,5 21,9 25,4 24,9 24,0 * * CQ T- LO co oo co co l'- CM CM in Tt CO io LO LO LO LO CVI CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM * * y— CO CO O 03 CO CM CO b- LO I CO O t— h- CO 00 co co co r— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM * * LO 00 N- <33 co 00 LO io T— I I I in ^ί* LO t— CO CM CM CM C\J CM CM CM CM CM CM * CO o <33 LO 03 CM •r-T cm" < < Tf < < < < oo" CM CM CM CM CM CM * «33 C3 CM CO < < cm" CO CM CM i ¥ 00 OO 00 CO CO CO 00 00 OO CO CD_ co_ 11 N." K b»" LO" io“ in" K K I-'·" LO" LO LO" O o o O o o o o o o O o S CŪ CM CM CM CM CM CM LO o o LO o o LO o o LO_ O O t— 1- I- I- H H H L. H- L_ 1- L- L. H L. H· Tr co Cū Cū Cū CO CŪ O o CQ co o o LO Cū LO t— O LO Cū LO y~“ o < cū cū < Cū Cū < CŪ Cū < Cū Cū 00 00 O 03 03 O o o o i— 1— O T— T— 00 T“ t— 03 CM CM o CM CM CM CM lo o" t- x 8- 0 O c 0 3 o o o ί- Ο& o > X X o I- 0 X 0 CL 0 o X X X J“ o X X 0 I- X>. θ α: 0 v: m o o. X m o n =r 0 co 0 o. VO o JX X X X X o o. I- X o ^:

nepeMeujMBaHMe c noMOLUbto ποριυι-m - nepeMeujMBaHue c noMombto aonacTHOM τγρδΜΗΗοίί MemanKU KeKa He o6pa3yeT h- H < LV 11330

M" crT CM * * CM co' CM

co O h»“ o' CM CO 00 CO CD UO" CM CM

0 0 0 α i— o 0 3 0 CD o 0 cr o. ω CQ

CO co co' CVI

CM OJ CM~ CM x h- co co'

o r» co cm' T-" co" CM CM CM

CO O T- CM_ t-~ cm’ CM CM CM

CM

CM

CO X 0 X CO m Ι Ο 0 3 0 m 0 3 ā 0 CQ H CM * * o_ CM~

CO O

OD o' CO

CD (θ' CM < <

CM CO 03 * X X oo x X N X X CO cd'

CO

O CO 00 σ>" CM CM r7 CM un "M"

0 \yo S

ce CO CO

CŪ 0 O X > -Θ-

ΤΑΕΠΜ4Α 6. 06e3BO>KMBaHMe ocaflKa ( 172°) βπμηημθ KaTMOHHocTH 03 x σ § < lo o d >X x 3 > et o. 0 0 P d c O. d CL 0

O O O CM CM CM σ> Iσ xo o co

o o CD CO 1 2

X o x 2II 0 0 0 irf co' co'

LO LO CO CM CM CM

CO

O O m * ω S cd r 00 00 CQ 00

< CQ O CM CM CM CM CM CM M- σΓ 03 0) < L0 o“ d i x o o o un o o >x x 3 >, S Qj 0 0 a: 5 Q- o. d c < 03 x co < ir 03 < 03 o. 0 o. d

< CO CM

CQ C0 CO CO CM CM x 0 0 0 O. «3 O >X 0 X 0 Xo o. I- X o

s 5 ooo L_o £ o >s X Xo H 0 X 0 Ω. 0 2 x Xo X o X X X ί ο x X 0 H X > β ω 0 0 Ο ο. χ m Ο cc Ο H-- Ο a a.o -B- 2 0 l·— Oo

X X X X

G O

A — KeKa ηθ o6pa3yeT(S) — Π0/1ΒθρΓ3ΒΐυΜΜ0ί) CflBMIOBOM flOCļJOpMaLļMM LV 11330 TABilULļA 7. 06e3BoxnBaHMe ocaflKa (ΟτβΗφορο, CT 172°), βπμαημθ pa3BeTBJiflioinero cpeflCTBa

m ^t- cf II H X > θ α 0 o o 2 o £

O

X X o V— «J X α. 0

Ctf CL CD X c: o X o o X X x H O s n. c

X CO

X •θ

-O X c 0 I- s X 0 0 D. O εά cū CŪ o o. X co o Ct * * MBA — MeTuneHčMcaKpunaMMfl ΠΜΑΠ3Γ — flMMeiaKpnaaT nonn3TnneHmm<ojifl

?M Oāo 8- X CO Ι Οco CC CŪ oo 0x Xco ω X *o CŪ co 0co o od < ΖΓ S CD LD < I-

σ' CŪ 0 CO m ί ο <D 3 CD m o -0 3. CD ω H

< LD O l= o. 0 Έ s o. C. *ο cm"co * 00 oo" •M- n·. cm" Tf * «q toco * LO θ'co

* rt l''·" CM

* «t CM

CO CM * COco' CM LO" CM cm" LV 11330 ā f 5 O ? O Ē o 5 03 > 2 co co co cm" co co °0_ co M-" cm" co co <q CM CD co LO CM~ cn co" T“ CO co CM co co 1“ CM LO LO LO * LO N-_ cm" 1 cm" 1 1 CD cd" co" CM CO co co CM CM CM co o> CD o °o co_ co co co * co o LO cm" co" T— o" < o" Τ-Γ o cd" cd" K LO co cm" M·" co co co co co co co co CM CM CM co co co o CM co * CM M- co_ co CM~ t co" co" cm" 1 1 o" τ-Γ co" co co co co co co co co r--_ CJ co co o CM co * 00 00 T—' J—' < j-S 1— cm" o" T— cd" CD CM cm" Τ-Γ o“ co co co co co co co CM CO co co co * co τ CM t 1 T— 1 CM CM ο" 1 σ>" co co CM σ> 1_ CD ¥ co o_ CD < < < < cd" co" < IS^ cd" o" < co CM CM CM co co r-_ LO cn oo LO co 00 r^_ LO_ o LO o_ o |C - CD co” K - cd“ Γ-: r-~ - cd" 1— cd" co cd" cd" co oo" o m LO LO o LO LO o o LO LO o LO o o t— CM CM T“ CM co CM LO lo LO LO o o_ o o_ ΙΩ o o o_ o_ o CD o_ o o" o" 1— cm" cm" cm" cm" ^ ω O Q < ω o Ω CŪ CŪ Ω o LU < Gū o co co co st M· M" M" LO co co co co N- < CD o < CM CD CM o CM Q CM 33 < sf co "M- o sf Ω M- < LO ω LO o LO co co co co co co co co co co 00 co co co LO θ' c; o c

{- X

CŪ3 uooι- Ο £ o >> X Xo H CŪ X cū o. 0 o X X X Ι Ο X X CŪ H X Β ω 0 0Q O CL X COo a

0 >, co CŪ CL too 0 X $ <D 18 LV 11330

Bocnpon3BefleHa MeTOflMKa npUMepa 13 c μ3μθηθημθμ 3HaHeHHki KaTUOHHOCTM Μ ΠρΜΜΘΗΘΗΜβΜ OCaflKOB flByX ΤΜΠΟΒ. ilonyHeHHbie pe3ynbTaTbl npuBefleHbi b HM>xecneflyK3Lneii Taenmje 6.

He noflBepraBUJUMCsi cpBuroBoii ρβφορΜ3ί(ΜΜ pa3BeTBneHHbiii pacTBopMMbiii cononuMep HacToamero H3o6peTeHnn npeBocxopnT xax HepacTBopMMbie, Tax m nopBepraBLiineca οαβμγοβομ ρβφορΜΒΜΜΜ cononmviepbi, c o6pa30BaHneM Kexa c 6onee BbicoKUM npoqeHTHbiM copepxaHMeM TBepflbix BeujecTB npn 6onee hm3Kmx fl03Mp0BKaX. npuMepbi 24-30

Bocnpon3BefleHa MeiopuKa npMMepa 13, ho c μ3μθηθημθμ KOHiļeHTpaunu m Tuna pa3BeTB/i5iK5inero cpepcTBa. rionyMeHHbie pe3ynbTaTbi npuBefleHbi b HnxecneflyKDU4efi Ta6nniļe 7. Μ3 Ta6nnqbi 7 nerKO BMfleTb ynyHineHne o6e3B0XMBaiomee peficTBMe HacTo^unero Μ3θ6ρβτθΗΜη m ripu ncnojib30BaHnn a/ibTepHaTMBHoro pa3BeTBnaK)inero cpe/ļCTBa. rionyHeHHbiii κβκ coflepxm 6onbiuee κοπμμθοτβο TBepflblX npn MCnonb30BaHMM 6onee ΗΜ3ΚΜΧ fl03Mp0B0K. npuMepbi 31-35

Bocnpon3BefleHa MeTOflMKa npMMepa 13 c πρμμθηθημθμ pa3miHHbix KOHLļeHTpaLļufi MIC M MBA. nonyMeHHbie pe3ynbTaTbi npMBefleHbi b HMxecnefly(oineii TaānMLie 8. flpMMep 36 C LļenbK) cpaBHeHMJi πρμβθαθη aHanM3 oānaflaiomero caMbiM hh3KMM Mone«ynyipHbiM βθοομ cononuMep HacTonmero M3o6peTeHnn c onpefleneHMeM B33K0CTM B MaCCe npi/1 ΗΜ3Κθίί KOHLļeHTpaLIMM M HM3K0M0neKynnpHblX pa3BeTBneHHbix cononMMepoB no naīeHTy OpaHLimi 2589145 (Pech). nonyqeHHbie pe3ynbTaTbi npMBefleHbi b HMxecneflyiomeii Ta6nmļe 9.

TABilHUA 9. Bfl3KocTb nonuMepa b Macce flpuMep 7C ΓΙρΜΜθρ flpeflbi- flyinnfi npMMep Q-9 Mon.% nnc,% MBA Kohm. nonuMe-pa, % Bfl3K0CTb B Macce1, Mīla H/MnH (Macc) μ/μπη (μοπ) 36A 7C 40 4,0 100 78,0 1,00 1,168 36 B 7C 40 4,0 100 78,0 1,66 2,240 36C 7C 40 4,0 100 78,0 2,32 5,570

Βμοκο3Μμθτρ Εργκφκπηβ (N2 BepeTeHHbiū) 30 06/ muh, 25°C 19 ilonuMepbi HacTOJimero Μ3ο6ρθτθημπ μμθιοτ ropa3flo 6onee BbicoKMM MoneKynnpHbiM eec no cpaBHGHiito c nonMMepaMM, onncaHHbiMM b naTeHTe Pech’a, oānaflaraiUMMM Bfl3K0CTbK) 2200-3600 Mīla npn KOHueHTpaLļMM 20% Macc. nonuMepbi HacTonmero μ3ο6ρθτθημπ μμθκϊτ BH3K0CTb 5570 npM 3HawMTenbH0 6onee hm3kom KOHLļeHTpauMM (2,3% Macc.), t. e. MoneKynnpHbiM eec stmx ποτίΜΜθροΒ ropa3flO Bbime. flnji cpaBHeHMii no μθτοαμκθ npMMepa 13 nonyneHbi noflBepraBUiMecn μ ηθ noflBepraBiuMecfi οαβμγοβομ pecpopMaLļMM πο/iMMepHbie φποκ^ππΗΤΒΐ, 06naflaK3UļMe no CymeCTBy OflMHaKOBbIMM paCTBOpMMOCTflMM M BJ13K0CTHblMM noKa3aTenaMM. noflBepraBLUMMcn οαβμγοβομ ΑβφορΜ8ΜΜΜ nonMMepHbiii pacTBop (37B*) nony4aiOT b ομθομτθπθ CM/ibBepcoHa αθμοτβμθμ οαβμγοβομ fle0opMaiļMM b τθηθημθ 60 MMHyT npM 5 000 o6./mmh. 06θ3βοχμβθημθ npoBOflflT cnoco6oM BCTpaXMBaHM5ļ o6pa3L(OB OCaflKOB (ΓρΜΗΒΜΜ, CT. 172°). XapaKTepMCTMKM paCTBOpa nonMMepa m pe3ynbTaTbi ο6θ3βοχμβθημπ πρμβθαθηη b HMxecneflyfomeM Ta6nMqe 10.

Bbixop b Ta6nMLļe 10 πβππθτοπ Mepoii Bbixopa cyxoro ocaflKa nocne o6pa6oTKM Ha πθητοηηομ npecce. OpeHKa xexa npeflocTaBnneT co6om KaHecTBeHHy»o xapaKTepMCTMKy Φμθμηθοκμχ cbomctb Kexa, rpe oqeHKa 5 cooTBeTCTByeT caMOMy xyfliueMy BapMamy, t. e. Ka« oneHb πμποκ m c TpypoM οταθπηθτοπ ot MaTepMana φΜ/ibTp-npecca, ητο πρμβοαμτ κ 3arpH3HeHMio φΜΠΒτρ8. OqeHKa 0 cooTB8TCTByeT HaMnywiueMy BapMaHTy, npM κοτοροΜ xax πθγκο οταθπηθτοπ ot MaTepMana npecca, ocTatomerocn hmcthm 6e3 ocTaTOHHbix nacTMq ocaflKa. V\3 Ta6nMflbi 10 βμαηο, ητο χοτη noflBepraBUJMMcn οαβμγοβομ βθφορΜ3ΜΜΜ ΠΟΠΜΜθρ, OenaflaKDUļMM OflMHaKOBOM paCTBOpMMOCTbKD M Bfl3KOCTHblMM noKa3aTennMM c nonMMepoM HacTonmero μ3ο6ρθτθημπ, flaeT npM 0flMHaK0Bbix fl03MpoBKax xax c οαημμ μ τθμ xe npoqeHTHbiM coflepxaHMeM TBepflbix BemecTB, Bbixofl ocaflKa m KanecTBeHHbie noKa3aTenM Kexa ηθ cpaBHMMbi. BbicoKMM Bbixofl cyxoro ocaflKa xenaTeneH c βκοηομμηθοκομ tohkm 3peHMn, a HeHanMnaioinMM, ηβτκο yflan?ieMbiM κθκ xenaTeneH c tohkm 3peHM?i npocTOTbi ohmctkm φΜΠΒτρθ, cneflOBaTenbHO m npoflneHMfl cpoKa ero cnyx6bi. B npMMepax 37A μ 37B npeflCTaBneHbi ποπμμθρν, μμθιοιιιμθ oflMHaKOBbie Bfl3K0CTHbie noKa3aTenM b pacTBope c noflBepraBiueMCfl οαβμγοβομ ΑθφορΜΒΐ4ΜΜ ποπμμθρομ (37B*), πρμηθμ ποπμμθρ npMMepa 37Α μμθθτ HecKonbKO 6onee HM3Koe 3HaneHMe CEQ%, a ποηΜΜθρ npMMepa 37B μμθθτ HecKonbKO 6onee BbicoKoe 3HaneHMe CEQ. Taxxe BMflHO, ΗΤΟ CflBMrOBan fleφopMa^Mί^ ΗΘ npMBOflMT K 3aMeTH0My nOBblUieHMKD βπθκοοτμ nonMMepa. 06pa3eq npMMepa 37B* noflsepraioT οαβμγοβομ ΑθφορΜ3ί|ΜΜ b τθηθημθ naca npM 5000 o6./mmh, hto cooTBeTCTByeT ο6νηηομ npaKTMKe μ3βθοτηογο ypoBH« τθχημκμ. KaK yxe yKa3biBanocb, 3Ta floporocTonman m OTHMMaKDiiļan BpeMfl cTaflMn ηθ πβππθτοπ ηθο6χοαμμομ flnn nonMMepHbix Φποκ^ππητοβ HacTonmero μ3ο6ρθτθημn, KOTopbie nonyHaioT b γοτοβομ k ynoTpe6neHMK3 βμαθ. LV 11330 σ>σ m ο ο. 03 χ ο X ο ο X X υ CŪ Σ θ α Β ω α; =χ ο οα ο 05 σ ω 5 χ ο X χ 3 ω 2 ο. ο ω α ο χ ω χ X ο X X 3 CQ CŪ Ι Ο. ω ω α: ο X V ο 3 ο ο X I- CŪ ω X * ο ω C0 φ νο ο X (— ο ο X νο ο ο ο X ο < II LD <

CŪ 00 Ι Ο JX ο ω Ο Ο CO ο τ}· X _ Ε0 03 03 X X X Φ Ο * 1 CM CM M- CM -cf CM CM - CM o co X ο to CO 03 CM, o CM, CM M- CM o CM X ^ < co" o“ 'ί to" co' cm" Ύ— co" co" 03 ίο" O) 03 CO 03 co 03 03 03 03 03 03 ω 03 1 οβ 3· « χ χ ω ° 0 CL J _Γ νν /η 3 (ϋ * ζ £ «η Η °3 to -r- CM in co. CM, 00 CO M-, !·»._ < *j-" co" in tF to" 'i co" co" -vF co" CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM co -t: S χ ρ 03 co CO 03 03 co 03 03, 00 03 03 CO, CO C0 X T-Γ 03~ K Τ-Γ m" N-" r~ co“ K T-T LO ā Ω.# co CO CM co co CM co co CM co CO Ο ο ο ro CO O LU 5¾ οο" LO o" M-" Ο ’ co in CL £ CO o CM f^_ 00 co. 03, C0 5 χ -— X £ co co. LT3 O 11 Ν h*" 03' co" < LQ Έ 11 ο o CC3 o Τ CM 1— > 3 ϋ 0 LO <3 1= Ο o o“ S >? Ω. 3 )Χ 03 δ o Α S Σ CQ * CŪ 2?! 1= c CŪ CO K X Ο- * < * CQ < CD Ω. 2 ī^. 1"- h- C 2 co co co CO Ω χ X ο Ο < Π. ĻQ 03 >, m CŪ α νο ο ω ο ο CŪ

ο X X ο ϊ I 00 S x Σ ^ ζ, X (0 . X * δ ΤΓ « X 3" ιη I ^ _ ο" I- X > Β

ο ο CŪ X X

X ο χ· >Χ ο X ο ο X X <ΰ X X X X X X ο ο X ο Ω. ο X

X C0 ο X X X ο Ω χ ο C0 X ω ω I— ο ο 3 ο £0 Ο Ο 3 2 σ; χ £0 Ι Ο ω 03 «ο Ω ς CŪ X X Ω χ (0 υ X νο X «D X X ί α) C0 X et C0 ο ο ο ΙΟ £ ϋ X X οi ι C0 .· ω. Ο- φ Σ ω 03 Ω. Ο ω h- Ο 03 Ω. Ο8 03 X ω

χ ο X ο X X X Η Ο X X C0 t— X >. Θ ΕΟ 03 X ω ο Ω Χ m Ο οχ Ω. Ο )Χ X X ο Σ Σ 03 X X Η- 03 Ω. I- X X Ι Ο X ο X ο X X Ω. X 03 KOHTponbHbiii o6pa3eu, h/mjih (μο/ι) — nactn Ha μμπ/ιμοη β μοπηχ 20 LV 11330 llpuMepbi 38-40

Pa3BeTBJieHHbie roMononuMepbi aKpmiaMMfla nonywatoT b npncyTCTBnn nepeHocHMKa κμηθτμηθοκομ μθπμ cnocoOoM 3MynbCM0HH0ii no/iMMepM3aL|MM, onMcaHHbiM b npuMepe 1. flnji cpaBHeHMfl Taoce nonynaK5T noflBepraBiuneca μ He noflBepraBiuMeca οαβμγοβομ ne0opMai4Mn roMononuMepbi aKpunaMMfla 6e3 flo6aBneHMa nepeHocHMKa κμηθτμηθοκομ Lienu. CflBiiroByK> Αθφοριν^ΜΜίο npOflonxaioT 15 MMHyT πριι 3000 o6./mmh. nonynaeMbie nonMMepbi 3aTeM ncnbīTbiBaioT b KaMecTBe φποκκνπΗΗτοΒ Ha npuMepe ocaxfleHMa okmcm κρβΜΗΜΑ. MeTOflUKa ocaxfleHnn okmcm κρβΜΗΜΑ 3aKiiioHaeTC5i b o6pa6oTKe boahom CMecM 150 r okmcm KpeMHMA (-200 Metu), flMcneprMpoBaHHbix b oahom JiMTpe BOflbi c 0,027 c|īyHTa/r (0,0123 κγ/τ) nonMMepa. rionyHeHHbie pe3ynbTaTbi m MH0opMauMji o cociaBe πρμβθαθην b HMxecneflytoineM Taā/iMue 11.

Ta6nML|a 11

OnoK«yn$H4M$) okmcm KpeMHMa c noMouļbKD roMononMaKpMJiaMMfla npMMep V\UC% MBA B. P. Mīla CKopocTb ocaxfleHMfl CM/ceK η/μπη h/mjih (Macc)' (moji.) 38 1.0 7.5 3.5 3.28 0.618 38A* 0 7.5 3.5 1.85 0.452 38A(S)* 0 7.5 3.5 1.66 N.F. 39 1.0 15 7.0 2.88 0.511 39A* 0 15 7.0 1.55 0.382 39A(S)* 0 15 7.0 1.51 N.F. 40 1.0 25 11.5 2.02 0.470 40A* 0 25 11.5 1.29 N.F. 40A(S)* 0 25 11.5 1.28 N.F. * —KoHTponbHbiii o6pa3eL| (S) - nOflBepraBllIMMCJI CflBMIOBOM ρβφορΜΗίΙΜΜ ΠΟ/ΙΜΜΘρ B. P. — B?i3K0CTb pacTBopa

l/inc-l/l30np0nMJ10BblM CnMpT MBA — MeTMneHČMcaKpMnaMMfl N.F. -- Xnonba He o6pa3y>oTca.

KaK μοχηο BMfleTb M3 npMBepeHHOM TaānMUbi 11, He noflBepraBiuMMCH CflBMrOBOM pecpopMauMM roMononnaKpunaMMfl HacToaaiero Μ3θβρβτβΗΜ5ΐ o6napaeT xapaKTepMCTMKaMM, nepeHMcneHHbiMM b npunaraeMoii φοριν^ηθ Μ3θβρβτΘΗΜ?ι, m npeBocxoflm roMononMaKpMnaMMflbi, nonyHeHHbie 6e3 flodaBKM nepeHocHMKa KMHeTMHecKoii μθπμ. OčpauiaeM βημμβημθ Ha to, hto noflBepraBUJMecfl chbmtobom 21 ΠβφορΜβΜΜΜ rOMOnonMaKpmiaMMflbl Ηθ npurOflHbl flHfl φ/ΙΟΚΚγΠίΙΜΜΜ OKI/ICM ΚρθΜΗΜΑ. npMMepbi 41-43 nonnMepii3aL|iieii β 3Mynbcwn no μθτοαιικθ npuMepa 1 nonyHeHbi b npncyTCTBnn nepeHOCHMKa κμηθτμηθοκομ μθπμ paannHHbie pa3BeTB/ieHHbie KaTMOHHbie cononnMepbi aKpi/maMMfla. flnn cpaBHeHnn KainoHHbie cononnMepbi aKpunaMiifla nonyHeHbi m 6e3 nepeHOCMnKa κιιηθτμηθοκομ peņu. ilonyHeHHbie pe3ynbTaTbi npMBefleHbi b HM>KecneflyK)inen Ta6miqe 12.

Ta6miLļa 12

nonyHeHiie pa3BeTBneHHbix KaTMOHHbix cononi/iMepoB ripHMep KaTMOH- HblM ΜΟΗΟΜθρ Mon.% unc % MBA Β. P. Mfla h/mjih (Macc.) h/mjih (moji.) 41 A 40 1.5 25 25.4 2.10 41* A 40 0 25 25.4 1.80 42 B 10 1.5 25 14.2 2.24 42* B 10 0 25 14.2 1.45 43 C 10 1.5 25 13.0 2.17 43* C 10 0 25 13.0 1.50 H3 TačnnLļbi 12 bmaho, hto MoryT 6biTb nonyHeHbi m ppyrne cononnMepbi c noKa3aTenflMM, onpepeneHHbiMM b npunaraeMoii tpopMyne μ306ρθτθημ51. ΠριίΜθρ 44 nonnMepn3aMneii b 3Mynbcm/i no μθτοαμκθ npMMepa 1 nonyHatoT b npncyTCTBMM nepeHOCHMKa κμηθτμηθοκομ Lļenu pa3BeTBneHHbin KaTMOHHbiii roMononuMep conn flHMeTMnaMMHoaKpnnaTMeTnnxjiopnfla. fļrm cpaBHeHnn TaioKe nonyneHbi 6e3 yHacTnn nepeHOCHMKa κμηθτμηθοκομ qenn noflBepraBiunecn μ ηθ noflBepraBiiiMeca οαβμγοβομ ηθφορΜθΜΜΜ pa3BeTBneHHbie roMononHMepbi aKpnnoKCM3TnnTpnMeTMnaMMOHMiixnopMfla (0-9). CflBnroByio fle0opMaL4nra ocymecTBnnK)T β τθηθημμ 15 MMHyT npw 3000 o6./mmh. Πο BbiiuenpMBefleHHoii μθτοαμκθ προΒοηητ o6e3BO>KMBaHMe ocajļKa. l1onyHeHHbie pe3ynbTaTbi, a TaioKe paHHbie no cocTaBy πρι/ΐΒθβθΗΗ b HM>KecneflyKDmeii Ta6mme 13. TABJlMLļA 13. 06e3BO>KMBaHiie Heo6pa6oTaHHoro ocaflKa (Γρμηβμη, CT *) C nOMOLLļbtO ΓΟΜΟΠΟΠΜΜθρΟΒ Q-9 22 LV 11330 Πρί/ι- i/inc, MBA P. B. CEQ, fl03M- Bbixop Teep- Mep % Mfla % poBKa cpyHTbi/T 0/ , /o flbie Beuļec τ-Ba KeKa, % η/μπη η/μπη (Macc) (μοπ) 44 1,0 35 44,1 2,0 39.1 21,9 84,3 21,8 25,5 89,0 23,6 29,2 98,0 24,0 32,8 93,2 23,2 441 0 25 31,5 1,84 26,5 21,9 A 25,5 A A 29,2 81,0 22,2 32,8 89,7 23,5 44(S)1 0 25 31,5 - - 21,9 85,9 22,6 25,5 86,1 22,1 29,2 81,6 34,4 32,8 95,2 21,9 1 -- KoHTponbHbiii o6pa3eq cfiyHTbi/T — 0yHTbi μοτμηηογο nonuN/iepa Ha τοηηυ cyxoro Heo6pa6oTaHHoro ocaflKa (1 0yHT = 0,45 κγ) A — TBepfloro Kexa He o6pa3yeTca (S) - noflBepraBUJHMca οαβμγοβομ ΑθφορΜ3ΜΜΜ no/irnviep ]/\3 BbiiiienpMBefleHHoii Ta6nMMbi 13 bmaho, hto KaTMOHHbie roMononuMepbi Q-9 HMeraT noKa3aTenn, onpefleneHHbie b npi/maraeMoii φopMyne M3o6peTeHMsi, m o6naflaraT nywujeM o6meii 0noKKynyipyKīmeii cnocoāHocTbio no cpaBHeHMK) c noflBepraBLUMMHCjR n ηθ noflBepraBUJMMuca ορβμγοβοη ρθφορΜβΜΜΜ γομο-nonuMepaMM 0-9, noiiyHeHHbiMM 6e3 floāaBJieHMfl nepeHOCHMKa κμηθτμηθοκομ Lļenn. flpuMepbi 45-47 ΓΙο ΜθτορΜκβ npuMepa 44 TaioKe nonyHeHbi roMononi/iMepbi M3: 45) MeTaKpmioKCMTpMMeTM/iaMMOHMMxnopnfla, 46) MeTaKpunaMMAonponmiTpu-Meτ^1πaMMOH^l^ίMeτacyπbφaτa i/i 47) flMaannnflMMeTMnaMMOHMiixnopMfla. B pe3ynbTaTe nonyneHbi BbicoKOMoneKyrmpHbie pa3BeTBneHHbie BopopacTBopuMbie no/imviepbi. flpuMepbi 48-51 ΓΙο μθτοαμκθ npMMepa 28 ηθμοηηηθ pa3BeTBneHHbie BOflopacTBopuMbie BbicoKOMoneKyn?ipHbie roMononuMepbi nonyneHbi M3: 48) N-MeTMJiaKpwiaMMfla, 49) Ν,Ν-flMMeTMnaKpnnaMMfla, 50) N-BMHunnMppomiflOHa n 51) N-BHHMJiMeTWi- 23 aLieTaMMfla. Bo Bcex cnyna5ix nonyHeHbi npeKpacHbie pe3ynbTaTbi. llpuMepbi 52-55 Πο μθτοαμκθ npuMepa 1, ho npn 38μθηθ aKpunaMMfla 52) N-MeTunaKpun-aMMflOM m 53) N-BMHMnMeTMn$opMaMMflOM nonyHeHbi aHanorMHHbie COnonMMepbl.

BbnueumupoBaHHbie naTeHTbi m ny6nnKaLļmi ββθαθηη b AaHHoe onncaHMe b BUfle ccbinoK. B οβθτθ BbiiuenpMBefleHHoro onncaHMfl cneLļnanncTa oneBMAHbi μηογμθ βμαομ3Μθηθημ51 HacTOfluiero M3o6peTeHMfl. HanpMMep, b KanecTBe pa3BeTBn?iK)Liļero cpepcTBa βμθοτο MeTMneH6ncaKpnnaMMfla μο>κθτ 6biTb Mcnonb30BaHO nročoe nonycpyHKL4MOHanbHoe μοηομθρηοθ οοθαμηθημθ, b tom HMcne: rjiMLļMflmiaKpnnaT, fluanbAernflbi, lame KaK mnoKca/ib μ t. π. Βμθοτο Μ30Πρ0ΠΜΠ0Β0Γ0 CnupTa ΜΟ)ΚΘΤ 6blTb MCn0Jlb30BaH LUMPOKMM οπβκτρ nepeHOCHMKOB κμηθτμηθοκομ Lienu, τθκμχ κάκ: ΓΜΠΟφοοφΜτ HaTpMsi, MepKanTaHbi, cyr^MTbi m t. n. rīpMMepbl MOHOMepOB MOryT BKJllOMaTb mo6bie ΜΜΘΚΪΙΑΜΘ ABOMHyiO CB513b aKpunoBbie nnn βι/ιημποβηθ MOHOMepbi. ripuMepbi APymx πρΜΜθΗΜΜωχ μοηομθροβ BKJiKDHaraT: aKpunai HaTpmi, 2-aKpMnaMMAOMeTMnnponaHcy/^OHaT, BMHiinaLļeTaT n t. n. Taoce B03M0>KHbi βμαομ3μθηθημη cnocočoB nonnMepn3aLinn M 06e3B0>KMBaHMfl.

Bce TaKne οηθβμαηηθ μοαμΦμκθαμμ o6xBaTbiBatoTC& βοθμ o6beMOM npnnaraeMOM φορΜνη^ μ3ο6ρθτθημη. ΓΙρΜΜθρ 46 l1onyHeHMe BbicoKOMoneKyrmpHoro pa3BeTB/ieHHoro pacTBopuMoro AMMeTMnaMMHOMeTMnnonnaKpMnaMMAa m ero ηθτβθρτμηηογο προμ3βοαηογο Κ 378 HacTHM 6a30Boro πο/ιμθκρμπθμμαθ npMMepa 39 αο6θβ/ιηιοτ κ ομθομ He MMerauiero 3anaxa πθρ3φΜΗ0Β0Γ0 pacTBopnTena (106 nacTeii) m MOHOoneTa cop6ma (9 ηθοτθμ). 3aieM npn TeMnepaiype 30°C m nepeMeujMBaHMM β τθηθημμ 0,5 naca npMSaBrmiOT npeABapmenbHO nonyHeHHyio CMecb 60%-ro βοαηογο AMMeTMnaMMHa (39 ηθοτθμ) μ 37%-γο βοαηογο φορΜβΠΒΑθΓΜΑθ. 3θτθμ απη 3aBepiueHMJļ peaKLiMM CMecb HarpeBaiOT 204 naca npM 40°C. ilocne 3τογο npn6aBnjiK5T 5,2%-biii HmpaT ryaHMAMHa (30 nacTefi) c nonyMeHneM AMMeTMnaMMHOMeTmiMpoBaHHoro nonnaKpnnaMMAa c C0Aep>KaHMeM τβθραογο noriMMepa 22,7% h 3Η3ηθημθμ CEQ CBbiiue 30%. B BbiAep>KMBaK3innM AaBneHMe peaKTop β τθηθημθ 2-x ηθοοβ κ 238 nacTAM BbiLueonMcaHHoro AHMeTMnaMMHOMeTnnnnpoBaHHoro nonnaKpnnaMMAa Ao6aBnyiiOT ΜθΤΜηχηορΜΑ (54 nacTM), noc/ie nero CMecb HarpeBatOT 3 naca npM 38°C ao ποπηογο 3aBepiueHM?i o6pa30BaHna ηθτβθρτμηηογο οοθαμηθημη. Πογ^ηθηηοθ ΗΘΤΒβρΤΜΗΗΟΘ Πρ0Μ3Β0ΑΗ0θ ΑΗΜΘΤΜΠΒΜΜΗΟΜΘΤΜΠΜρΟΒΒΗΗΟΓΟ nODMaKpMnaMMAa μμθθτ 3HaneHMe CEQ Bbiuue 30%. 24 LV 11330

BbicoKOMone«ynflpHbie Bbicopa3BeTB/ieHHbie pacTBopuMbie flMMeTMnaMMHOMeTMnupoBaHHbie nonnaKpn/iaMMflbi μ μχ ηθτβθρτμηηνθ npoM3BOflHbie nBnatoicn tJinoKKynjiHTaMM m o6e3BOXMBaiOLHMMM floāaBKaMM. flpuMepbi 57-59 nonnMepn3ai4neii b 3My/ibcm nonyHa»OT aHMOHHbiii cononuMep aMMOHMMaKpunaT-aKpunaMiifl. PoflHyio0a3y nonynaK3T pacTBopemieM b 107 r flenoHM3iipoBaHHoii BOflbi 291,1 r npofla>KHoro MOHOMepHoro aKpnaaMiifla (50%), 64 r aKpi/moBoft κι/icnoTbi, 2,1 r M3onponnnoBoro cnupTa b «anecTBe nepeHocHMKa κμηθτμηθοκομ qenn, 1,5 r 0,209%-ro MeTMneH6ncaKpnnaMiifla b «anecTBe pa3BeTB^?itomero cpeflCTBa, 0,6 r flUHaTpueBOM conu 3TMneHfli/iaMMHTeTpayKcycHoiĪ KMcnoTbi b KanecTBe xenaTHoro cpeflCTBa m 1,3 r 20%-ro rnflponepeKucn TpeT-6yTnna b KanecTBe MHMLiMaTopa nonMMepn3aLļMM. fločaBneHiieM 4,49 r rnflpoKCMfla aMMOHna ycTaHaBmiBatOT pH 6,5.

MacnflHy(o (pa3y nonyHaraT pacTBopeHneM b 178,5 r ηθ o6/iaflarameM 3anaxoM napacpMHOBOM Macne 17,5 r MOHOoneaia copČMTa.

BoflHyKD m MacnflHyra φa3bι CMeiunBaraT m γομογθημθ^κϊτ flo o6pa30BaHM5i nacTULļ pa3MepoM οκοηο MMKpoHa. 3aTeM 3Mynbcmo b nmpoByra Tpexrop/iyro KpyrnoflOHHyK) Kon6y, CHa6>KeHHyK5 MeiuariKofi, Tpy6Koii flna npoflyBaHHii a30T0M, nv\ημθμ nopanii MeTa6ncynb0MTa HaTpm (aKTMBaTop) μ τθρμομθτρομ.

3Mynbcmo nepeMeiuMBaraT, npoflyBaraT a30T0M m ycTaHaBJiiiBaiOT TeMnepaTypy 25°C ( 1°C ). Ilocne npoflyBaHMii b τθηθημθ 30 MMHyT co cKopocTbio 0,028 mji/mmh npn6aBn?iK3T 0,8%-biti pacTBop MeTa6Mcyjibcpma HaTpmi (M5H). nonnMepn3aMMJi προτθκββτ c BbifleneHneM Tenna, m TeMnepaiypy peaKflmi perynnpyK5T oxna>KfleHMeM neflflHOM boaom. Korpa noTpe6HOCTb b oxna>KfleHMM OTnapaeT, cKopocTb npn6aBneHna 0,8%-ro pacTBopa MBH yBeniiMMBaiOT m flna noflflep>KaHMa TeMnepaTypbi ncnonb3yiOT HarpeBaTenbHyio o6o/ioHicy. Bca nonwviepM3aMMfl npoTeKaeT β τθηθημθ 4-5 nacoB. nonyHeHHbiii 3MynbCM0HHbiM npopyKT 3aieM oxnax<flaiOT flo 25°C. OnbīT ποΒΤορίΐιοτ c μ3μθηθημθμ κο/iMnecTBa n3onponnnoBoro cnupia (W1C) h MeTM/ieHāMcaKpmiaMMfla (MB) no οτηοιιιθημιο k 6a30BOMy MOHOMepy. OnpeflenatOT B*i3K0CTb pacTBopa, nonyHem-ibie pe3ynbTaTbi npMBefleHbi b HM>KecneflyK3ineii Ta6nnLļe 14. Ba3K0CTb pacTBopa onpeflenflfOT flrm πρΜΓΟΎΟΒΠθΗΗΟΓΟ 3MynbCMOHHoro pacTBopa. BoflHbiii 0,2%-biii pacTBop 3MynbCMOHHoro npoflyicra nonyMaKJT flucneprupOBaHueM 1,7 r 34%-ro 3MynbCMOHHoro npopyKTa β πμτροβομ χμμμηθοκομ CTaKaHe, coflepx<aiflMM 298 r fleM0HH3Hp0BaHH0M BOflbl H 0,2 Γ pa36MBatOmerO ΠΟΒθρΧΗΟΟΤΗΟ—3ΚΤΜΒΗ0Γ0 BemecTBa. flucnepcura nepeMeLUMBaraT co CKOpocTbfo 250 o6./mmh Ha MamnTHoii MeiuanKe c noMOiUbto MarHMTHoro ciep>KHyi fl/ΐΜΗθίί 6 cm m fluaMeipoM 1 cm. 3aieM 25 paCTBOp pa36aBnfl(OT BOAOM flO KOHLļeHTpaLļMM 0,1%. fl/ifl cpaBHeHna τβκ>κθ noayHaioT 0,1%-biti noABepraBiUMMCfl οαβμγοβομ Α6φορΜΒΐ4ΐ/ΐΜ pacTBop. HenoABepraBLUMMca οαβμγοβομ fle0opMai4MM 0,1%-biii pacTBop, nonyHeHHbiii M3 0,2%-ro pacTBopa (cm. Bbiuie) nepeHoc?rr b οτθκπληηνμ cocyfl ομθομτθπη YapnHra Ha 30 yHMMM (0,9 n) c BHyTpeHHMM pnaMeTpoM okojio 7 cm m neTbipbMa BpamaramuMMca nonacTAMM fluaMeTpoM okojio 4 cm, πρμηθμ 2 nonacTM HanpaBJieHbi noflymoM 30° bhm3, a 2 nonacTM HanpaB/ieHbi noflyrnoM 30° ΒΒβρχ. TonmuHa nonacieM 1 mm, m ohm BpamafOTca co CKopocTbio 12100 o6./mmh b τθηθημθ flByx nacoB. B τθηθημθ Bcero flByxnacoBoro nepiiofla neiicTBMa οαβμγοβομ AeφopMa^^1^1 TeMnepaTypy pacTBopa noflflepxMBaKDT npn 25°C μπμ ημ>κθ.

Onpeflena»OT B^3K0CTb pacTBopa, πρμγοτοβ/ιθηηογο αο6θβ/ιθημθμ 5,84 r xjiopncToro Haipnfi κ 100 r 0,1%-ro noABepraBuieroca μ ηθ noABepraBUjeroca cabmtobom α^Φορμθμμμ pacTBopa nonuMepa m MepneHHbiM nepeMeujMBaHueM 15 MMHyr. 3aieM onpepenaioT BA3K0CTb b βμοκο3μμθτρθ Bpy^MJiAa MOfle/ib LVT c VL-nepexoflHMKOM npn 25°C ( 1°C) m 60 o6./mmh. 3aTeM McnbīTbiBatOT aHMOHHbii/i cononuMep Ha cnoco6HOCTb ocajKflaTb mnHy no cneflyK>me£i μθτοαμκθ. B πμτροβομ rpafiynpoBaHHOM μμπμηαρθ 2 naca BbIMaHHBaKDT 20 Γ mMHbl (KaOnHHMT) B 800 Γ AeM0HM3Mp0BaHH0M BOflbl. Πο BbimenpMBefleHHoii μθτοαμκθ nonyHatoT 0,2%-biii MCTMHHbiM pacTBop cononMMepa HaipMMaKpMJiaT—aKpMnaMMA· B 300 r α@μοημ3μροββηηομ boah AMcneprMpyK)T 1 r 0,2%-ro βοαηογο pacTBopa nonMMepa m 3aTeM ομθιαμβαιοτ c 800 r cycneH3MM mMHbl C nOMOLlļbK) ΠΘρφορΜρΟΒΘΗΗΟΓΟ nOpLUHfl ΠρΜ B03BpaTH0-n0CTynaTeJlbH0M ΑΒΜΧΘΗΜΜ nopiUHfl B ΤΘΗΘΗΜΜ ΗΘΤΝρΘΧ CeKyHA· ΟΤΜΘΗβΙΟΤ ΒρβΜΗ, ΗΘΟβχΟΑΜΜΟΘ Απη onycKaHMn noBepxHOCTM pa3Aena φηοκ^ηΜροΒΑΗΗΟΜ rnMHbi οτ οτμθτκμ 1000 MJ1 rpaAyMpOBaHHOrO LļMJIMHApa A° ΟΤΜΘΤΚΜ 600 MJ1 (14,1 cm). CKOpOCTb OCaXAeHMJ1 (CM/ceK) paCCHMTblBaiOT ΑβΠΘΗΜΘΜ paCCTOflHMfl ocax<AeHM5i (14,1 cm) Ha 3aperMCTpMpoBaHHoe βρθμα. rionyHeHHbie pe3ynbTaTbi, a TaK>Ke AaHHbie no cocTaBy πρμβθαθην b HM>KecjieAyK)ineii TačnMpe 14.

Ta6nMLļa 14

<DnoKKynnL4Mfl rnMHbi c noMombK3 cononMMepa βμμοημμ—aKpMnaT—aKpM/iaMMA ΠρΜΜΘρ MBA m ne % B. P. Mfla B. P. (C) Mfla CKOpOCTb oca>KAeHMfl, CM/ceK h/mjih η/μπη Bes Co cab. (Macc.) (μοπ.) cab. 26 LV 11330 57A 15 6.9 0 2.39 2.92 0.147 0.290 57 B 15 6.9 1.0 3.09 — 0.979 — 57C 15 6.9 1.5 4.21 — 1.240 — 58A* 25 11.6 0 1.95 2.11 0.130 0.160 58 B* 25 11.6 1.0 2.14 — 0.376 — 58B 25 11.6 1.5 3.55 — 0.691 — 59A* 50 23.2 0 1.64 1.51 0.112 0.111 59B* 50 23.2 1.0 1.53 — 0.152 — 59C* 50 23.2 1.5 1.91 — 0.224 —

MBA — MeTHJieH6ncaKpnnaMMA H/MnH(Macc) — nāc™ Ha mm/ijimoh no Macce 1AUC — M3onponaHon B. P. — B5i3KOCTb pacTBopa

(C) — noflBepraBLUMiicfl οαβμγοβομ flecpopMaLiMM * — κθΗτρο/ibHbiii o6pa3eLļ μ/μ/ιη.(μοπ) — nacTM Ha μμππμοη b μοπαχ V\3 Taānmļbi 14 bmaho, hto pacTBopMMbie aHMOHHbie BbicoKopa3BeTBneHHbie cononMMepbi φηοκκγπ^Ητω MoryT 6biTb nonyneHbi 6e3 πρμμθηθημα rpoM03flKoro m floporocToauļero o6opyflOBaHna ρμη C03AaHMn οαβμγοβομ fle0opMaMHM. Bonee τογο, M3 Ta6nmļbi μθτκο cneAyeT, hto ηθ noABepraBLUMecn οαβμγοβομ fle0opMaqnn aHMOHHbie BbicoKopa3BeTBneHHbie cononMMepHbie φποκκγη^ΗΤΜ HacTonmero Μ3θ6ρΘΤΘΗΜΑ ΠρθΒΟΟΧΟΑΑΤ nOABepraBlllMeCfl ΟΑΒΜΓΟΒΟΜ Α6φθρΜΒΙ4ΜΜ aHMOHHbie nonMMepbi M3BecTHoro ypoBHn τθχημκμ, ycKopnn ocax<A6HMe cycneHAMpoBaHHbix TBepAbix BeujecTB npM 6onee hm3kmx A03npoBKax. npMMepbi 60-68

BocnpoM3BeAeHa μθτοαμκβ npMMepa 57 c 33μθηομ βμμοημμβκρμπβτβ ApyrMMM MOHOMepaMM: 60) aKpMnoBan KMcnoTa, 61) ΜβτβκρΜΠΟΒευι KMcnoTa, 62) HaTpMMcyni^03TMnMeTaKpMnaT, 63) HaTpMMMeTaKpM/iar, 64) μτθκοηοβθη KMcnoTa, 65) HaTpMiiMTaKOHaT, 66) HaipneBaji conb 2-aKpMnaMMAO-2-MeTMnnponaH cyni^0HaTa, 67) HaTpMeBan conb cynbφoπpoπMπaκpMnaτa m 68) CMecb HaTpMMaKpMnaTa c axpMnoBOM κμοποτομ πρμμθηαιοτ b KanecTBe βημοηημχ MOHOMepoB. nonyHeHHbie ηθ noABepraBUJMecn οαβμγοβομ α^Φορμβαμμ BOAopacTBopMMbie pa3BeTBneHHbie aHMOHHbie nonMMepHbie φποκι^ηηΗΤΜ, aHanorMHHbi φηοκι^ηηκι^Μ npMMepa 57. npMMepbi 69-74

BocnpoM3BeAeHa MeTOAMKa npMMepa 57 c 3Θμθηομ a«pMnaMMAa paanMHHbiMM HeMOHHbiMM MOHOMepaMM. Hcnonb3yioT cneAyiomMe HeMOHHbie MOHOMepbi: 69)0 MeTaKpMnaMMA, 70) N-BMHMHMeTaKpMnaMMA, 71) N- 27 BMHMJīTeMMJicpopMaMMfl, 72) BMHnnaueTaT,73) Ν-βμημππμρροπμαοη m 74) CMecb aKpiinaMMfla c μθτθκρμπθμμαομ. rionyHeHbi ηθ nopBepraBiiiMeca οαβμγοβομ fle0opMaLļmi BopopacTBopMMbie pa3BeTBneHHbie aHHOHHbie nonMMepHbie cpnoKKymiHTbi, aHanomHHbie φποκιψπηΗΤθΜ npMMepa 57. flpHMepbi 75-77

Bocnpon3BefleHa MeTOflMKa npMMepa 57 c πρμμθηθημθμ μοηηβιχ MOHOMepoB. l/Icnonb3yroT cneflyK>mne aHMOHHbie MOHOMepbi: 75) HaTpMMaKpMnaT, 76) aKpunoBaji κμοποτθ m 77) CMecb HaTpuMaKpunaTa c θκρμποβομ kmchotom. nonyneHbi ηθ noflBepraBiunec?i οαβμγοβομ fle<ļ>opMaLļnn BOflopacTBopMMbie pa3BeTBneHHbie aHMOHHbie roMononMMepHbie φποκ^ηηΗΤΜ c οτπμηηομ CTa6nnbHOCTbK>. npMMepbi 78-84

Bocnpon3BefleHa MeTOflMKa npMMepa 57 c BapbHpoBaHMeM pa3BeTBn5nomero cpefldBa. Βμθοτο MeTnneH6ncaKpnnaMHfla Mcnonb3yiOT cneflyramne οοθαμηθημη: 78) MeTMneH6ncMeTaKpnnaMMfl, 79) flMaKpMnaT ποπμθτμπθηγπμκοπη, 80) AMMeaKpMnaT ποπμθτμπθηγπμκοππ, 81) Ν-BMHnnaKpnnaMMfl, 82) mm4MflnnaKpnnaT, 83) rnnoKcanb m 84) aKponeMH. l1onyHeHbi ηθ noflBepraBUJMecn οαβμγοβομ flecpopiviauHM BOflopacTBopHMbie pa3BeTBneHHbie θημοηηνθ nonHMepHbie Φποκ^πλητη, aHanomHHbie φποκιψπηΗΤθΜ npHMepa 57. npMMep 85

Bocnpon3BefleHa MeTOflHKa npMMepa 57 c πρμμθηθημθμ b κθηθοτβθ nepeHOCHMKa ΚΜΗΘΤΜΗΘΟΚΟΜ LļenM ΒΜΘΟΤΟ Μ30Πρ0ΠΜΠ0ΒΟΓ0 CnMpTa ΓΜΠΟφΟΟφΜΤΘ ΗΘΤρΜΠ. ΠοηγΗΘΗ Ηθ ΠΟβΒθρΓΒΒΙϋΜΜΟΠ CflBMrOBOM βθφθρΜ3Ι4ΜΜ BOflOpaCTBOpMMbIM pa3BeTBJieHHblM nOnMMepHblii aHMOHHbIM φΠΟΚ^ΠΠΗΤ. 28 LV 11330 ΦΟΡΜΥΠΑ M305PETEHM51 1. Cnoco6 ποπγπβΗΜΛ He nojļBepraBLuerocfl cflBnroBon f^opMaunn BOflopacTBopmvioro pa3BeTBneHHoro κ3τμοηηογο nonnMepHoro φποκκγηηΗΤ3, xapaKTepn3ytomerocn BH3KOCTbto b pacTBOpe no MeHbmen Mepe 1,9 Mīla npn M3MepeHMM b BMCK03MMeTpe Εργκφηηηβ c nepexoflHHKOM npn 25°C, KOHLļeHTpaLļnn nonnMepa 0,1 % Macc. b 1 M NaCI n 60 o6./MnH, oTnnHaiomHHCfl τθμ, hto ocymecTBnn»OT nonnMepH3aiļHK> oflHoro nnn HecKonbKnx KamoHHbix BOflO-pacTBopnMbix μοηομθροβ c abohhoh cen3bio, c no MeHbiuen Mepe oahhm pa3BeTB/inK)innM cpeflCTBOM b KonnnecTBe 4-80 MonnpHbix nacTen Ha MnnnnoH b nepecneTe Ha HaHanbHoe coflepxaHne MOHOMepa b npncyTCTBnn no MeHbmeii Mepe οαηογο nepeHoennKa ΚΗΗβτηΗβοκοη flenn b KonnnecTBe, flocTaTOHHOM jņnn npnflaHMH pa3BeTB/ieHHOMy nonnMepHOMy φποκκγηηΗτγ κο3φφηΐ1ηβΗΤ3 pacTBopnMOCTM Bbioie 30%. 2. Cnoco6 non. 1,oT/iHHaiou|Miic5i τθμ, hto nonnMepHbiii φηοκκγηηΗτ npeflCTaBnneT co6on nonnMep, nonyHeHHbin m oflHoro nnn HecKonbKnx MOHOMepoe c abohhoh cB5i3bK3, Bbi6paHHbix H3i aKpnnaMHfla, MeTaKpnnaMHfla, N-anKnn-aKpnnaMnfla, N, N-flnaKnKnnaKpnnaMHfla, N-BHHnnMeTannaueTaMHfla, N-ΒηΗηπΜετηηφορΜΒΜηΑΒ, BMHnnaLļeTaTa, N-BHHnnnnpponnflOHa, Ν,Ν-flnaKpnn-aMUHoajiKnjiaKpnnaTOB nnn -MeTaxpnnaTOB η ηχ ΗβτΒβρτηΗΗωχ coneii nnn conen c KncnoTaMn, N,N-flnanKnnaMMHoanKnnaKpnnaMnflOB nnn -MeTaKpnnaMnflOB n nx HeTBepmHHbix conen nnn coneii c KncnoTaMH nnn flnanKnnflHMeTHnaMMOHneBbix conen c KncnoTaMn. 3. Cnoco6 non. 1, OTnnHaiomnncn τθμ, hto nonnMepHbin φποκκγηηΗτ npeflCTaenneT co6on nonnMep, o6pa30BaHHbin axpnnaMnflOM b coneTaHnn c no MeHbiuen Mepe oahhm KaTnoHHbiM MOHOMepoM. 4. Cnoco6 oTfleneHnn BOflbi ot flncnepcnn cycneHflnpoBaHHbix TBepflbix BeuiecTB, OTnnnaioiunncn τθμ, hto ocyLnecTBnn»OT (a) flo6aeneHne κ flncnepcnn 0,1-50000 nacTen Ha MnnnnoH nacTen TBepflbix BeuiecTB flncnepcnn, He noflBepraBiuerocn CflBnroBon ΑβφορΜΑμηη pa3BeTBneHHoro BOflopacTBopnMoro KaTnoHHoro nonnMepHoro φηοκκγηηΗΤ3, nMetomero BH3K0CTb b pacTBope no MeHbinen Mepe 1,8 Mīla npn H3MepeHnn b BncK03nMeTpe Epy^nnfla c Mfl-nepexoflHnKOM npn 25°C, KOHneHTpaiļnn nonnMepa 0,1%Macc, b 1 M NaCI n 60 o6./mhh, κοοφφηΜηθΗΤ pacTBopnMOCTn οκοηο 30% n coflepacaHne pa3BeTBnniomero cpeflCTBa 4-80 MonnpHbix nacTen Ha MnnnnoH b nepecneTe Ha HananbHoe KonnnecTBO MOHOMepa, n (b) o6e3BO>KHBaHHe CMecn flncnepcnn cycneHflnpoBaHHbix TBepflbix BeiiļecTB n nonnMepHoro φηοκκγηηΗΤ^ 5. Cnoco6 non. 2, OTnnnaiomnncn τβΜ, hto nonnMepHbin 29 φποκ^ππΗτ npeflCTaBnaeT co6om nonMMep, o6pa30BaHHbiM οαημμ μπμ HecKonbKMMM MOHOMepaMM c αβομηομ CB5i3bK3, BbičpaHHbiMM M3: aKpMnaMMfla, MeTaKpnaaMMflOB, N-ajiKunaKpunaMMflOB, Ν,Ν-flManKMnaKpMnaMMflOB, N-BMHmiMeTaMnaLļeTaMUfla, N-BMHMnMeTMn0opMaMMfla, BMHMnaueTaTa, N-BMHMnnupponuflOHa, Ν,Ν-flMaKpnn-aMMHoajiKMnaKpnnaTOB μπμ —MBTaKpunaTOB m mx ΜΘΤΒθρΤΜΜΗΜΧ ΟΟΠβΜ ΜΠΜ ΟΟΠβΜ C KMCHOTaMM, Ν,Ν- fluanKMnaMMHoanKMnaKpunaMMflOB μπμ -MeiaKpunaMMflOB μ μχ ηθτβθρτμηηηχ coneii μπμ conefi c KMcnoTaMM μπμ AMannMflMMeTMnaMMOHMeBbix coneii c KMCHOTaMM. 6. Cnoco6 πο/ψΗθΗΜΑ ηθ noflBepraBLuerocn οαβμγοβομ fle0opMauMM BOflopacTBopuMoro pa3BeTBneHHoro ηθμοηηογο nonMMepHoro φποκ^ππΗΤθ, BKTUOHaiOLlļerO no MeHbLUeM Mepe OflHM HeMOHHbIM MOHOMep C flBOMHOM CBH3blO M conepxamero pa3BeTBnjHOUJiero cpepcTBa b κοπμηθοτβθ 4-80 MonnpHbix nacTefi Ha μμππμοη b nepecneTe Ha HananbHoe κοπμηθοτβο MOHOMepa, ο τ π μη a lo m μ m c η τθμ, mto ocymecTBnaiOT nonnMepn3aLļmo οαηογο, μπμ 6onee BOflopacTBopMMoro, ΗΘΜΟΗΗΟΓΟ MOHOMepa C flBOMHOM CB33bKD Μ ΠΟ MeHbLUeM Mepe oflHopa3BeTB/iHK)mero cpeflCTBa b κοπΜΗβστΒβ οτ 4 flo 80 MormpHbix nacTefi Ha μμππμοη b nepecneTe Ha HanaiibHoe κοπμηθοτβο MOHOMepa b πρΜογτοτΒΜΜ no MeHbLiieM Mepe οαηογο nepeHOCHMKa κμηθτμηθοκομ uenM μ κοπμηθοτβθ, flOCTaTOHHOM flnn npMflaHMH pa3BeTBneHH0My nOHMMepHOMy φΠΟΚΙ^ΠΠΗΤγ BH3K0CTM B paCTBOpe ΠΟ MeHbLUeM Mepe 1,9 Mīla npM M3MepeHMM B ΒΜ0Κ03ΜΜΘΤρβ 5pyK0Mnfla c VL-nepexoflHMKOM npM 25°C, KOHLjeHTpaLļMM nonMMepa 0,1% Macc. b 1 M NaCI m 60 o6./mmh. 7. Cnoco6 non. 6, οτπμηθιοιαμμοπ τθμ, mto nonMMepHbiii φποκ^ππΗΤ npeflCTaBnneT co6om ποπμμθρ, o6pa30BaHHbiM οαημμ μπμ

HeCKOHbKMMM HeMOHHbIMM MOHOMepaMM C flBOMHOM CBH3bLO, Bbl6paHHblMM M3I aKpMnaMMfla, MeTaKpMnaMMflOB, anKMnaKpMnaMMflOB, N,N-AMaKnKMnaKpMnaMMflOB, N-BMHMnnMppOHMflOHa ΜΠΜ ΜΧ ΟΜβΟβίί. 8. Cnoco6 φποκι^ππΑΜΜ flMcnepcMM cycneHflMpoBaHHbix TBepflbix BemecTB, OTnMHatoiflMMcn τθμ, HTo ocymecTBnneT (a) flo6aBneHMe κ flMcnepcMM 0,1-100 HacTeii Ha μμππμοη ηθ noflBepraBiuerocn οαβμγοβομ ΑθφορΜβΜΜΜ BOflOpaCTBOpMMOTO pa3BeTBneHH0r0 ΠΟΠΜΜθρΗΟΓΟ ΗΘΜΟΗΗΟΓΟ φΠΟΚΙ^ΠΠΗΤ3, BKnKDHaKJUļerO ΠΟ MeHbLUeM Mepe OflMH HeMOHHbIM MOHOMep C flBOMHOM CBH3blO M coflep^amero pa3BeTBnsuoLuee cpeflCTBO β κοπμηθοτβθ 4-80 nacTeti Ha μμππμοη b nepecneTe Ha HananbHoe κοπμηθοτβο MOHOMepa, μμθθτ BH3K0CTb b pacTBope no MeHbiiieM Mepe 1,8 Mīla npM M3MepeHMM β ΒΜ0Κ03ΜΜβτρβ BpyκφMΠfla c VL-nepexoflHMKOM npM 25°C, KOHLļempauMM nonMMepa 0,1% Macc. β 1 M NaCI m 60 o6./mmh. m (b) o6e3Bo>KMBaHMe cMecM flMcnepcMM cycneHflMpoBaHHbix TBepflbix 30 LV 11330

BeilļeCTB Μ ΠΟΗΜΜβρΗΟΓΟ 0nOKKyn?IHTa. 9. Cnocoā ΠΟ Π. 4 ΜΠΜ 18, OTHMHaiOllļMMCfl ΤβΜ, HTO flMCnepCMa 6μοπογμηθοκμ o6pa6oTaHHbiM mh. 10. Cnoco6 ποπγΗθΗΜΑ ηθ noABepraBiuerocn οαβμγοβομ ΑβφορΜβμΜΜ BOflOpaCTBOpMMOrO aHMOHHOrO ρβ3ΒβΤΒΠβΗΗ0Γ0 ΠΟΗΜΜβρΗΟΓΟ 0nOKKynilHTa, MMeramero BH3K0CTb b pacTBope no MeHbLueii Mepe 3 Mfla npn M3MepeHMM b BncK03MMeTpe BpyK0nnfla c VL-nepexoflHMKOM npn 25°C, KOHLieHTpaiļMM nonuMepa 0,1 % Macc. b 1 M NaCI m 60 o6./mmh, OTHMHatouļMMcn τθμ, hto ocymecTBn5iK)T nonnMepn3aiļMK) οαηογο mhm HecKO/ibKMX BOflopacTBopnMbix aHMOHHblX MOHOMepOB C flBOĪĪHOM CBH3bK> C ΠΟ MeHbLJjeM Μβρβ OflHMM pa3B6TBJi?uou4i/iM cpepcTBOM b κοπμηθοτβθ 4-80 MOH5ipHbix nacTeii Ha ΜΜΠΠΜΟΗ B nepecneTe Ha HananbHoe coflep>KaHiie MOHOMepa, b npMcyTCTBMM no MeHbmeii Mepe οαηογο nepeHOCHMKa κΜΗβτΜΗβοκοΜ Lienu. 11. Cnoco6 non. 10, OTHMnaioiiļMMcn τθμ, hto nonMMepHbiM φηοκκγπ5ΐΗτ npeflciaBnjieT co6om nonMMep, o6pa30BaHHbiii oahmm mhm HeCKOflbKHMM MOHOMepaMM C ABOMHOM CB513bK3, Bbl6paHHblMM M3: (MeT)-aKpMnOBblX KMCHOT, CyΠbφOaΠKHΠ(Meτ)aκpHΠOBblX KMCHOT, (^ΠίφΜρΟΒΒΗΗΜΧ CTl/ΐρΟΠΟΒ,

HeHacbiLqeHHbix flMKap6oHOBbix kmchot, cyπbφoaπκMπ(Meτ)aκpMπaMMAOB, coneii yKa3aHHbix κμοποτ m t. n. 12. Cnoco6 non. 11, oTHMHaioiiļMMCH τθμ, hto nonMMepHbiM Φποκ^ππητ npeflCTaBnjieT co6om nonMMep, o6pa30BaHHbiii oahmm mhm HeCKOJIbKMMM HeMOHHbIMM MOHOMepaMM, Bbl6paHHblMM M3I aKpMJiaMMfla, N-anKMnaKpM/iaMMflOB, Ν,Ν-flManKMnaKpMnaMMflOB, MeTaKpMnaMMflOB, BMHM/iaueTaTOB, anKMn(MeT)aKpMnaTOB, aKpMnoHMTpM/ia, N-bmηm MeTMnaueTaMMfla μ N-BMHMnnMppOilMflOHa. 13. Cnoco6 οταθπθημπ Bopbi ot flMcnepcMM cycneHflMpoBaHHbix TBepflbix BemecTB, oTHMHaioiiļMMCH TeM, hto ocymecTBnneTcn (a) Ao6aBneHMe κ cycneH3MM 0,1-50000 nacTeii Ha μμππμοη nacTeii TBeppbix BemecTB cycneH3MM He noflBepraBiuerocH οαβμγοβομ Α©φορΜ3ΜΜΜ BOAopacTBopMMoro pa3BeTBneHHoro aHMOHHOrO ΠΟΗΜΜβρΗΟΓΟ φΠΟΚ^ΗΗΗΤβ, ΜΜβΚ3111βΓΟ B?13K0CTb B pacTBope no MeHbiueM Mepe 3 Mīla npM M3MepeHMM b bmcko3mMeTpe 5py^MHAa c VL-nepexopHMKOM npM 25°C, KOHueHTpaiļMM nonMMepa 0,1% Macc. m 1 M NaCI m 60 o6./mmh m copep>Kamero pa3BeTBHHK)mee cpepcTBO b KOHMnecTBe 4-80 nacTeii Ha ΜΜΠΠΜΟΗ b nepecneTe Ha HananbHoe κοπμηθοτβο MOHOMepa, m (b) o6e3BO>KMBaHMe cMecM flMcnepcMM cycneHflMpoBaHHbix TBeppbix BemecTB μ 3ητμοηηογο ΠΟΗΜΜβρΗΟΓΟ φΠΟΚ^ΗΗΗΤβ. 14. Cnoco6 non. 13, OTHMHaiomerocii τθμ, hto nonMMepHbiM Φποκι^ππητ npeACTaBnneT co6om aHMOHHbiii nonMMep, nonyneHHbiM M3 οαηογο μπμ 31

HecKOHbKMX μοηομθροβ c abomhom CB^3bK3, Bbi6paHHbix M3! (MeT)aKpnnoBbix KucnoT, cynb(poanKMn(MeT)aKptinoBbix kmchot, cynb(pMpoBaHHbix CTuponoe, HeHacbimeHHbfx flMKap6oHOBbix kmchot, cynbcļx>anKMn(MeT)aKpMnaMMflOB, coneii yKa3aHHbix kmchot m t. n. 15. Cnoco6 non. 13, OTnunaioiiļUMCii τθμ, hto nonMMepHbiM cpnoKKynHHT npepcTaBHHeT co6om aHMOHHbiM noHMMep, nony4eHHbiM M3: aKpMnaMMfla, Ν-βπκμπβκρμπβμμηοβ, Ν,Ν-flnanKMHaKpnHaMMflOB, μοτβκρμπβμμροβ, BMHMnaueTaTOB, anKMH(MeT)aKpMnaTOB, aKpMHOHMTpMna, N-BMHMnMeTunaLļeTaMMfla M N-BMHMHnMppOHMflOHa. 32 LV 11330

ΡΕΦ E PAT

BoflopacTBopuMbie pa3BeTBneHHbie BbicoKOMoneKynsipHbie nonmviepHbie 0JlOKKyn51HTbl, CnOCOāHbie npO?IBMTb nOJIHOCTbfO CBOM nOTeHLļHari 6e3 CflBMrOBOii fle0opMaLļmi, nonyHa(OT nonnMepn3ai4iieii μοηομθροβ c abomhom CBH3bto n Ρ33ΒΘΤΒΠ51Κ3111ΘΓ0 CpeflCTBa B npMCyTCTBI/!M nepeHOCHMKa ΚΜΗΘΤΜΜΘΟΚΟίί Lļenn. rionuMepbi npuMeHMMbi flrm οταθ/ιθημη BOflbi ot nncnepcnii cycneHflnpoBaHHbix TBepflbix BemecTB.

Claims (15)

1. LV 11330 IZGUDROJUMA FORMULA 1. Ūdenī šķīstoša, sazarota katjonā polimērā flokulanta, kurš nav bijis pakļauts bīdes deformācijai un šķīdumā raksturojas ar viskozitāti ne zemāku kā 1,8 mPa, mērot ar Brukfilda viskozimetru ar VL-pāreju pie 25°C, pie polimēra koncentrācijas 0,1 masas % 1 M NaCI un 60 apgr./min., iegūšanas paņēmiens, kas atšķiras ar to, ka veic viena vai vairāku katjonu ūdenī šķīstošo monomēru ar divkāršo saiti polimerizāciju, ar vismaz vienu sazarojošo līdzekli, ņemot 4-80 tā molu daļas uz miljonu, rēķinot uz monomēra sākotnējo saturu, vismaz viena kinētiskās ķēdes pārnesēja klātbūtnē, tādā daudzumā, kurš ir pietiekams, lai sazarotajam polimērajam flokulantam veidotu šķīdības koeficientu lielāku par 30%.
2. 2. Paņēmiens, saskaņā ar 1. punktu, kas atšķiras ar to, ka polimērais flokulants ir polimērs, kuru iegūst no viena vai vairākiem monomēriem ar divkāršo saiti, kurus izvēlas no tādiem kā akrilamīds, metakrilamīds, N-alkilakrilamīds, N,N-dialkilakrilamīdi, N-vinilmetilacetamīds, N-vinilmetilformamīds, vinilacetāts, N-vinil-pirolidons, N,N-dialki!aminoalkilakri!āti vai -metakrilāti un to ceturtējie sāļi vai sāļi ar skābēm, Ν,Ν-dialkilaminoalkilakrilamīdi vai -metakrilamīdi un to ceturtējie sāļi vai sāļi ar skābēm, vai dialkildimetilamonija sāļi ar skābēm.
3. 3. Paņēmiens, saskaņā ar 1. punktu, kas a t š ķ i r a s ar to, ka polimērais flokulants ir polimērs, kuru veido akrilamīds kopā ar vismaz vienu katjono monomēru.
4. 4. Ūdens atdalīšanas paņēmiens no suspendēto cieto daļiņu dispersijas, kas atšķiras ar to, ka (a) dispersijai pieliek uz miljons dispersijas cieto vielu daļām 0,1-50000 daļas sazarotā, ūdenī šķīstošā, katjonā, polimērā flokulanta, kurš nav bijis pakļauts bīdes deformācijai un kuram šķīdumā viskozitāte ne zemāka kā 1,8 mPa, mērot ar Brukfilda viskozimetru ar VL-pāreju pie 25°C, pie polimēra koncentrācijas 0,1 masas % 1 M NaCI un 60 apgr./min., šķīdības koeficienta ap 30% un sazarojošā līdzekļa satura 4-80 molu daļas uz miljonu, rēķinot uz monomēra sākotnējo daudzumu, un (b) atūdeņo suspendēto cieto daļiņu dispersijas un polimērā flokulanta maisījumu.
5. 5. Paņēmiens, saskaņā ar 2. punktu, kas atšķiras ar to, ka polimērais flokulants ir polimērs, kuru veido viens vai vairāki monomēri ar divkāršo saiti, kurus izvēlas no tādiem kā akrilamīds, metakrilamīdi, N-alkilakrilamīdi, N,N-dialkilakrilamīdi, N-vinilmetilacetamīds, N-vinilmetilformamīds, vinilacetāts, N-vinilpirolidons, N,N-dialkilaminoalkilakrilāti vai -metakrilāti un to ceturtējie sāļi, vai sāļi ar skābēm, N,N- 2 dialkilaminoalkilakrilamīdi vai -metakrilamidi un to ceturtējie sāļi vai sali ar skābēm, vai dialkildimetilamonija sāļi ar skābēm.
6. 6. Ūdeni šķīstoša sazarota nejonu polimērā flokulanta, kurš nav bijis pakļauts bīdes deformācijai, kurā ietilpst vismaz viens nejonu monomērs ar divkāršo saiti un kurš satur sazarojošo līdzekli 4-80 molu daļas uz miljonu, rēķinot uz monomēra sākotnējo daudzumu, iegūšanas paņēmiens, kas a t š ķ i r a s ar to, ka vienu vai vairākus ūdeni šķīstošus nejonu monomērus ar divkāršo saiti polimerizē ar vismaz vienu sazarojošo līdzekli, ņemot 4-80 tā molu daļas uz miljonu, rēķinot uz monomēra sākotnējo daudzumu, vismaz viena kinētiskās ķēdes pārnesēja klātbūtnē, tādā daudzumā, kurš ir pietiekams, lai sazarotajam polimērajam flokulantam šķīdumā veidotos vismaz 1,9 mPa liela viskozitāte, mērot ar Brukfilda viskozimetru ar VL-pāreju pie 25°C, pie polimēra koncentrācijas 0,1 masas % I M NaCI un 60 apgr./min..
7. 7. Paņēmiens, saskaņā ar 6. punktu, kas atšķiras ar to, ka polimērais flokulants ir polimērs, kurš veidojas no viena vai vairākiem nejonu monomēriem ar divkāršo saiti, kurus izvēlas no tādiem kā akrilamīds, metakrilamidi, alkilakrilamīdi, Ν,Ν-dialkilakrilamīdi, N-vinilpirolidons vai to maisījumi.
8. 8. Suspendēto cieto daļiņu dispersijas flokulācijas paņēmiens, kas atšķiras ar to, ka (a) dispersijai pieliek 0,1-100 daļas uz miljonu ūdenī šķīstoša sazarotā, polimērā nejonu flokulanta, kurš nav bijis pakļauts bīdes deformācijai, kurā ietilpst vismaz viens nejonu monomērs ar divkāršo saiti, kurš satur sazarojošo līdzekli 4-80 daļas uz miljonu, rēķinot uz monomēra sākotnējo daudzumu, un kura viskozitāte šķīdumā ir vismaz 1,8 mPa, mērot ar Brukfilda viskozimetru ar VL-pāreju pie 25°C, pie polimēra koncentrācijas 0,1 masas % 1 M NaCI un 60 apgr./min. un (b) atūdeņo suspendēto cieto daļiņu dispersijas un polimērā flokulanta maisījumu.
9. 9. Paņēmiens, saskaņā ar 4. vai 8. punktu, kas atšķiras ar to, ka dispersija satur bioloģiski apstrādātas dūņas.
10. 10. Ūdenī šķīstoša anjonā, sazarotā, polimērā flokulanta, kurš nav bijis pakļauts bīdes deformācijai un kuram šķīdumā viskozitāte ir vismaz 3 mPa, mērot ar Brukfilda viskozimetru ar VL-pāreju pie 25°C, pie polimēra koncentrācijas 0,1 masas % 1 M NaCI un 60 apgr./min., iegūšanas paņēmiens, kas atšķiras ar to, ka vienu vai vairākus ūdenī šķīstošus anjonos polimērus ar divkāršo saiti polimerizē ar vismaz vienu sazarojošo līdzekli, ņemot 4-80 tā molu daļas uz miljonu, rēķinot uz monomēra sākotnējo saturu, vismaz viena kinētiskās ķēdes pārnesēja klātbūtnē. 3 LV 11330
11. 11. Paņēmiens, sakaņā ar 10. punktu, kas atšķiras ar to, ka polimērais flokulants ir polimērs, kuru veido viens vai vairāki monomēri ar divkāršo saiti, kurus izvēlas no tādiem, kā (met)akrilskābes, sulfoalkil(met)akrilskābes, sulfurēti stiroli, nepiesātinātas dikarbonskābes, sulfoalkil(met)akrilamīdi, norādīto skābju sāļi un tamlīdzīgi.
12. 12. Paņēmiens, saskaņā ar 11. punktu, kas atšķiras ar to, ka polimērais flokulants ir polimērs, kurš veidojas no viena vai vairākiem nejonu monomēriem, kurus izvēlas no tādiem kā akrilamīds, N-alkilakrilamīdi, Ν,Ν-dialkilakrilamīdi, metakrilamīdi, vinilacetāts, alkil(met)akrilāti, akrilnitrils, N-vinilmetilacetāmīds un N-vinilpirolidons.
13. 13. Ūdens atdalīšanas paņēmiens no suspendēto cieto vielu dispersijas, kas atšķiras ar to, ka (a) suspensijai pieliek uz miljons suspensijas cieto vielu daļām 0,1-50000 daļas ūdenī šķīstošā sazarotā anjonā polimērā flokulanta, kurš nav bijis pakļauts bīdes deformācijai un kuram šķīdumā viskozitāte ir vismaz 3 mPa, mērot ar Brukfilda viskozimetru ar VL-pāreju pie 25°C, pie polimēra koncentrācijas 0,1 masas % 1 M NaCI un 60 apgr./min., kurš satur 4-80 daļas sazarojošo līdzekli uz miljonu, rēķinot uz monomēra sākotnējo daudzumu, un (b) atūdeņo suspendēto cieto daļiņu dispersijas un anjonā polimērā flokulanta maisījumu.
14. 14. Paņēmiens, saskaņā ar 13. punktu, kas atšķiras ar to, ka polimērais flokulants ir anjonais polimērs, kuru iegūst no viena vai vairākiem monomēriem ar divkāršo saiti, kurus izvēlas no tādiem kā (met)akrilskābes, sulfoalkil(met)akril-skābes, sulfurēti stiroli, nepiesātinātas dikarbonskābes, sulfoalkil(met)akrilamīdi, norādīto skābju sāļi un tamlīdzīgi.
15. 15. Paņēmiens, saskaņā ar 13. punktu, kas atšķiras ar to, ka polimērais flokulants ir anjonais polimērs, kuru iegūst no tādiem kā akrilamīds, N-alkilakrilamīdi, Ν,Ν-dialkilakrilamīdi, metakrilamīdi, vinilacetāts, alkil(met)akrilāti, akrilnitrils, N-vinilmetilacetamīds un N-vinilpirolidons.