LV10964B - Process for producing of water soluble anionically polymeric floculante - Google Patents

Process for producing of water soluble anionically polymeric floculante Download PDF

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Publication number
LV10964B
LV10964B LVP-93-1090A LV931090A LV10964B LV 10964 B LV10964 B LV 10964B LV 931090 A LV931090 A LV 931090A LV 10964 B LV10964 B LV 10964B
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LV
Latvia
Prior art keywords
polymer
flocculant
water
salt
double bond
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LVP-93-1090A
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English (en)
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LV10964A (lv
Inventor
Roger Edgar Neff
Joseph Jacinto Pellon
Roderick Glyn Ryles
Original Assignee
American Cyanamid Co
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Application filed by American Cyanamid Co filed Critical American Cyanamid Co
Publication of LV10964A publication Critical patent/LV10964A/lv
Publication of LV10964B publication Critical patent/LV10964B/lv

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/52—Amides or imides
    • C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/01—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation using flocculating agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/34—Esters containing nitrogen, e.g. N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)

Description

LV 10964
CnOCOB ΠΟΛΥΗΕΗΗϋ ΒΟβΟΡΑΟΤΒΟΡΗΜΟΓΟ ΑΗΗΟΗΗΟΓΟ nOJIHMEPHOrO ΦΛΟΛΚΥ/ΙΗΗΤΑ
OnncaHHe
HacToamee H3o6peTeHHe othochtch k cnoco6y nojiyHeHHH
HenoaBepraiOIIIHXCH C^BHrOBOH ,αεφορΜΒΡΗΗ BbICOKOMOJieKy^BpHbIX
BbICOKOpa3BeTBJieHHbIX BOaOpaCTBOpHMbIX nOJIHMepOB.
Oca^CaeHHe B BH/ļe XJIOIIbeB (φ-ΠΟΚ^ΛΗΙΙΗΛ) HBJIHeTCB ΟΛΗΟΗ H3 φορΜ pa3/ieJieHHH >κηλκοη h ΤΒβρ,αοΗ φΒ3, cnoco6cTByiomeH y/iajieHHio MejibHaftmHX HacTHii H3 jkh/ikocth nyTeM aivioMepamiH cycneH^HpoBaHHbix HacTHiļ c yBejiHHeHHeM hx pa3MepoB, h oHa HacTO Hcno;ib3yeTCH ο,λά npnaaHHB OTXoaHiiieMy noTOKy Tpe6yeMOH npo3paHHOCTH. Φλοκι^ιηιιηη ΜΟ>ΚβΤ 6bITb OCymeCTB^eHa C nOMOIUblO ΧΗΜΗΗβΟΚΗΧ Cpe^CTB, Hanp., B;o6aBJieHHeM Φλοκ^ληητβ. 1 CHHTeTHHecKHe opraHHHecKne nojiHMepHbie Φλοκκυλλητμ HauuiH npHMeHeHHe b npoMbiuiJieHHOCTH y>Ke b 50-Tbix roziax. CnennajiHCTaMH ΟΤΜβΗβΗΟ, MTO 0C000 nOJie3HbIMH B KaMeCTBe φΛΟΚΚγΛΗΗΤΟΒ flBJIfllOTCH BbicoKOMOJieKy^pHbie no^HMepbi, pacTBOpHMbie b Bo/ļe. CneiļHajiHCTaM H3BeCTHbI ΜΗΟΓΗε BO^OpaCTBOpHMbie BbICOKOMO/ieKyjIHpHhie ΠΟΛΗΜβρΗΜβ φΛΟΚ^ΛΗΗΤΜ.
C HeKOTOpbiM ycnexoM j\nn o6pa6oTKH η36μτοηηογο HJia b KanecTBe φ,/ΙΟΚΒ^ΛΗΗΤΟΒ HCn0JIb30Ba^HCb JIHHeHHbie BOflOpaCTBOpHMbie nOJIHMepbl. O^HaKO coBpeMeHHbift πολχολ κ oxpaHe oKpyxcajomeft cpe/ihi, cTOHMocTb cjKHraHHH h TpaHcnoprapoBKH H./ia HacTOHTejibHo Tpe6yioT y/tyHiueHHB 3φφβΚΤΗΒΗΟΟΤΗ 00bIHHbIX ΛΗΗβΗΗΜΧ φ JIOKKy JIHHTOB, o6ecneHHBaK)mHX o6pa30BaHHB Kexa c 6ολβιπημ cnmepjKaHHeM τΒβρΛΜχ Hacrau.
HacTOBiUHM Η3θ6ρβτβΗΗβΜ npezuīaraeTcn cnoco6 nojiyHeHHH ηοβογο BbICOKOpa3BeTBJieHHOrO BbICOKOMOJieKyjIflpHOrO BO^OpaCTBOpHMOrO φΛΟΚ^ΛίΙΙΠ^ ΠρΗΜβΗβΗΗβΜ ΠOΛHφyHK^HOHaZ^JIbHOΓO MOHOMepa, TaKOrO Kax: μθτη JieH0HcaKpH JiaMH/i, aHMeTaicpHJiaT ποληβτηλθηγληκολλ,
BHHHJiaKpH/iaMHZi η τ.π. b KanecTBe pa3BeTB^Hiomero cpe^dBa. PaHee OnHCaHO HeCKOJIbKO ΠΟΠΜΤΟΚ nOJiyMeHHH BbICOKOMO^eKy^HpHbIX pa3BeTBJieHHbix Bo^opacTBopHMbix ποΛΗΜβροΒ. B naTeHTe CI1IA 4059522 Ha hmh Zweigle onHcaHo npHMeHeHHe pa3BeTB./iinomero cpe^craa c nojiyHeHHeM nOJIHOCTbK» CIHHTOH CHCTeMbI, O^HaKO, nOJiyHeHHbie 3THM cnoco6oM φΛΟΚ^ΛΛΗΤΜ B ΒΟΛβ Ηβ paCTBOpHMbl, BCJieflCTBHe ΗβΓΟ Ηβ3φφβΚΤΗΒΗΜ. B naTeHTe CLUA 3698037 Ha hmh Moca η /tp. onncaHbi pa3BeTBJieHHbie KaTHOHHbie roMonojiHMepbi, nojiyHeHHbie BBeneHHeM nojn^yHKUHOHa./ibHorc> pa3BeTBJinjomero cpencTBa npn oTcyTCTBHH peryjmpoBaHHH MOJieKVJiHpHoro Beca hjih nepeHocHHKa KHHeTHHecKOH nenn. CnennajiHCTaM xopomo Η3ΒΘΟΤΗΟ, HTO MOJieKyJIHpHbIH BeC Τ3ΚΗΧ KaTHOHHbIX ΓΟΜΟΠΟΛΗΜβρΟΒ orpaHHHeH, ho o/tHoepeMeHHo MoryT o6pa30BaTbcn 6o;iee BbicoKOMO^eKyjwpHbie nojiHMepbi npn conojiHMepH3auHH κ3τηοηημχ 2 LV 10964 MOHOMepoB c aKpH^aMH/ūaMH. B BbimenpHBe^eHHbix naTeHTax HHMero He CKa3aHO o ΜΟΛεκγηίφΗΟΜ Bece προηγκτοΒ. B naTeme cīīpaHnHH 2589145 Ha hmh Pech onHcaH pa3BeTBneHHbiH COIIOJIHMep, ΠΟΛγΜβΗΗΜΗ nOJIHMepH3aiJHeH B paCTBOpe B npHCyTCBHH BbicoKoaKTHBHoro nepeHOCHHKa KHHeTHHecKOH uerai. OnHaico, onHcaHHbie b naTeHTe nojiHMepbi ΗΜβιοτ MOJieKyjiHpHbift Bec MeHee 1 MHJUiHOHa npH bh3kocth pacTBopa 2200-360 MĪIa npw KOHiļeHTpaiļHH nojiHMepa 20 %, mto yKa3braaeT Ha to, mto Ha caMOM nene ara nonHMepbi hbjijhotch HH3KOMOJieKy JlHpHbIM Η COnOJIHMepaMH. 00Jia^aiOmHH CaMHM ΗΗ3ΚΗΜ MOJieKyjIHpHbIM BēCOM ΠΟΛΗΜβρ HaCTOflmerO H3o6peTeHHH ΗΜβετ ropa3^o 6ojiee bmcokhh mo Jiexy JinpHbiH Bec (cBbirne 1 MHJMHOHa), o neM CBH/ieTejibCTByeT BH3KOCTb pacTBopa nojiHMepa. B npOHHX OnHCaHHHX naTeHTOB npHBOAHTCH Cnoeo6bI npHMeHeHHH ΟΛΒΗΓΟΒΟΗ ΛβφθρΜ3ΗΗΗ CIHHTbIX ΠΟΛΗΜβρΗΜΧ ΗΘΠβΗ C IieJIbK) nOCTUaceHHΛ
Heo6xo^HMOH pacTBopHMocra b Bone. B naTeHTe CIIIA 4705640 Ha hmh Whittaker onnoaHa caBHroBan .αεφορι^ηκΗ nojiHMepHoro re/w, HepacTBopHMoro b Bo/ļe, c ero φΗ3ΗΗβοκΗΜ pa3pyineHHeM no TaKofi CTeneHH, HTO OH CTaHOBHTCH BOAOpaCTBOpHMbIM. ΡθΚΟΜβΗηγεΜΜΗ CnOCo6 pa3pyineHHH OTHOCHTCH K MexaHHMeCKOMy THny npH BbICOKOH CTeneHH B03neHCTBHH pa3py6aiomero rana, κ npHMepy, neftcTBueM Ha pa36aBJieHHbie pacTBOpbi no^HMepa BpamaramHxcH co cKopocTbio no 20000 o6./mhh nonacTeft. Pa3pymeHHe, Kax 3aaBneHO, yjiyHiuaeT φηοκκγ,τίΗΐΐΗΟΗΗγιο cnocoČHocTb 3a CHeT nOBbimeHHH θφφβΚΤΗΒΗΟΗ HOHHOCTH ΠΟΛΗΜβρΒ. PoCT θφφεΚΤΗΒΗΟΗ hohhocth xapaKTepH3yioT KOJiHHecTBeHHO H3MepeHneM pocTa hohhocth (PH) )K PH = (ΗΠΡ - Η£Ρ)/ΗΠΡχ100, rne ΗΠΡ - HOHHocTb nocjie pa3pymeHHH H H/ļP - HOHHOCTb no pa3pymeHHH. HoHHOCTb ΜΟ>ΚβΤ 6bITb onpenejieHa κολλοηλημμ THTpoBaHHeM, onHcaHHbiM b tom >xe naTeHTe, a TaiOKe cornacHo naTeHTy CIIIA 4720346 Ha hmh Flesher η np, b κοτοροΜ onncaH cnoco6 φηοκκγ ληηηη βολημχ cycneHcnii TBepnbix BeinecTB Hcno/ib30BaHHeM nojiHMepHoro MaTepnana b BHne He6onbHiHX nacTnn, a He b 3 BH^e HCTHHHoro pacTBopa, B naīeHTe Ha hmh Flesher η Λρ. yica3aHO TaKace Ha Heo6xo,aHMOCTfa nonBepraTb c/ιβηγοβοη ηεφορΜΒηκΗ ciuhtmh noTiHMepHbifi MaTepnaji c TeM, MTo6bi 3HaMeHHe pocTa hohhocth no/iHMepa ^ocTHra/io 15 - 70 %, nocKOJibKo nojiHMepbi co cjihuikom hh3khm 3HaneHHeM PH He naiOT λοληοιογο BbiHrpbiuia. Flesher c coTp. onpe/iejinioT c£BHroByio /ΐβφορΜ3ΐίΗΚ) KaK ΛβφορΝ^ιΐΗΐο, co3^aBaeMyio npH aHajiHTHHecKOM npHaaHHH nojiHMepaM TaKHx cbohctb, Kax PH c nocjieayK)meH B03M0HCH0CTbK> ΠρΗΜβΗβΗΗΗ ΠΟΛΗΜβρΟΒ Β Λ3ΗΗΟΜ H3o6peTeHHH.Ha CTp. 11, οτροκΗ 3-10 Flesher c οοτρ. TaKace yKa3biBaioT Ha Heo6xo^HMOCTb 6ojiee bwcokhx KOHiļeHTpaiļHH HHorna 6o;iee HeM Ha 20 % Bbirne φJioKKyληητβ άλά AOCTH^CeHHH OnraaJIbHOH CTaČHJIbHOCTH φΛΟΚ^ΛΗρΟΒΒΗΗΟΓΟ OC^Ka ΠΟ cpaBHeHHK) C o6bIHHbIMH BO/ļOpaCTBOpHMblMH JIHHeHHbIMH nOJIHMepaMH.
Flesher yKa3biBaeT, hto pa3BeTBJieHHbie conojiHMepbi MoryT 6biTb nOJiyMeHbI npH HCn0Jlh30BaHHH nepeHOCHHKOB KHHeTHHeCKOH ΗβΠΗ, Τ3ΚΗΧ KaK: H3onponaHOJi h MepKanToaTaHOji b coHeTaHHH co cuiHBaioiHHMn cpezicTBaMH. O/iHaKO, ηηκβκηχ npHMepoB He npTBO^HTca, h KaaceTCH coBceM HeBepoHTHbiM, hto Flesher'oM οτκρκτΜ κομπο3Ηηηη, coTBeTCTByiomHe Κ0ΜΠ03ΗΗΗΗΜ, 3aHBJieHHbIM HaCTOHlIIHM H300peTeHHeM, KOTOpbie πρβΒοοχοΛΗΤ MaTepnajībi Flesher'a h 6o;iee npocTbi b ynoTpe6jieHHH. B naTeHTe CIIIA 4759856 Ha hmh Farrar Ha ετρ. 6, οτροκκ 1 - 6 TaKace yKa3aHO Ha Heo6xoAHMocTb noflBepraTb cabhioboh Λβφορι^ιΐΗΗ c uejibio npeBpameHHH, cuiHTbie nojiHMepbi ( κοτορκε β προτΗΒΗΟΜ caynae caeflOBaao 6bi oTKJioHHTb hjih λλη κοτορΜχ caeziyeT oncnnaTb cjia6bie φΛoκκyΛHpyIOI^He cBoftcTBa), b φορΜΜ, o6jia^aioiHHe oneHb χοροπίΗΜΗ φΛoκκyπHpyIOI^HMH cBOHCTBaMH. B naTeHTe yxa3aHa TaKan cflBHroBan ΛβφορΜΒίίΗΗ, npH κοτοροΗ nojiHMep nonynaeT 3HaHeHHe pocTa hohhocth no MeHbmen Mepe b 15 %, npeanoHTHTejibHO no MeHbiueH Mepe 30 %, o6whho no MeHbineH Mepe 50 % b pe3yjibTaTe aeHCTBHη ολβηγοβοη ηεφορΜΒΗΗΗ c UeJIblO npeBpameHHH B aeHCTBeHHblH nOJIHMepHblH φ,ΠΟΚ^ΛΗΗΤ. 4 LV 10964
HaMH HeojKH/iaHHO HaiiaoHo, hto BwcoKOMO^eKyjwpHbie BbICOKOpa3B8TBJI8HHbI8 BOAOpaCTBOpHMbie nOJIHMēpHbie φJIOKKyΛΧHTbl MOryT 6bITb I10JiyHeHbI 6e3 HCnoab30BaHHH ΟΛΒΗΓΟΒΟΗ ΛεφθρΜ3Ι1ΜΗ Ha noBbiiueHHOM ypoBHe, η ηθ 3ββηοητ ot 3HaMeHHii pocTa hohhocth. ĪTojiHMepHbie Φλοκ^λβητμ, no^yMeHHbie cnoco6oM HacTOBmero Η3θ6ρεΤβΗΗΛ, nO^BepraiOT TOJIbKO MHHHMajībHOH C/ΙΒΗΓΟΒΟΗ ΛεφορΜαίΙΗΗ, ZiocTaTOMHoft jiHmb λλη τογο, hto6m Bbi3BaTb cojno6HJiH3auHio nojiHMopa ΠρΗ OTCyTCTBHH HJIH H83HaHHT8JIbHOM 8ΓΟ pa3pyiII8HHH. ĪIOJIHMepHbie φ JIOKKy ΛΗΗΤΜ HaCTOBIUerO Η3θ6ρεΤ8ΗΗΛ ΠρβΒΟΟΧΟΛΒΤ φϋΟΚΚνΛΒΗΤΒΙ H3BecTHoro ypoBHH τβΧΗΗΚΗ, co3aaBaii b κεκε BbicoKoe co/iepx<aHHe ΤΒερΛΜΧ BemecTB MacTO πρκ 6onee ΗΗ3ΚΗΧ co6cTBeHHbix KOHixeHTpaiļHHX. ĪIomhmo 3ΤΟΓΟ ΠΟΛΗΜερΗΜε φ,/ΙΟΚΚγΛΗΗΤΜ HaCTOHmerO H3o6p8T8HHfl Η HX CM8CH 6ojiee yao6HW η 6ο;ιεε aeuieBbi b ynoTpe6aeHHH no cpaBH8HHio c φ.ΠΟΚΚγ.7ΙΗΗΤ3ΜΗ Η3ΒεεΤΗΟΓΟ ypOBHH Τ8ΧΗΗΚΗ, Tpe6yK»mHMH CO CTOpOHbl ποτρεόκτεΛΛ npHM8H8HHH nepea ynoTpe6jieHHeM o6opyaoBaHHB ūjia C03aaHHH CaBHrOBOH ΛβφθρΜ3ΙΙΗΗ C UeJIblO aOCTHJKCHHB Η8θ6χθΛΗΜΟΓΟ onraMaabHoro φ;ιοκκγ;ηφγιοιηεΓθ aencTBHB, hto noBbimaeT speMB h CTOHMOCTb OnepaiIHH.
HacTOHmeo Η3ο6ρετεΗΗε π03Β0ΛΗετ nojiynaTb HCTHHHbio BOaOpaCTBOpHMbK BbICOKOpa3BOTB.7I8HHbIO BbIC0K0M0JI8KyjIHpHbie nOJIHMOpbl, OKa3bIBaJOIIIH8CH ΟεοόεΗΗΟ ΠΟΛ83ΗΜΜΗ B KaH8CTB8 XHMHH8CKHX φ-ΤΙΟΚΚγ ΛΗΗΤΟΒ. Il0JIHM8pbI HaCTOHIIIBrO Η3θ6ρ8Τ8ΗΗΗ n0.7VHaK>T npHM8H8HH8M pa3B8TBaBK»m8rO Cp8/ĪCTBa B npHCyTCTBHH n8p8HOCBHKa KHH8THH8CK0H ΙΐεΠΗ C nOJiyH8HHOM BbICOKOpa3B8TBJIOHHOro H BOaopaCTBOpHMOrO npoayKTa. KpOM8 ΤΟΓΟ ΠΟΛΗΜερΗ H300p8T8HHH H8 Tp86yiOT npHM8H8HHH p8ryjIHpy8MOH ε^ΒΗΓΟΒΟΗ ηεφθρΜ3ΐηΐΗ ί\ΛΆ aOCTH)K8HHB OnTHMaJIbHOH 3φφεΚΤΗΒΗθεΤΗ, HTO CJiy>KHT CHH>K8HHK) HX CTOHMOCTH. HaCTOHm88 H3o6p8T8HH8, KaK HaftaOHO, 0C008HH0 ΠρΐΙΜ8ΗΗΜΟ B cayna8 Hcnoab30BamiH pa3B8TBji8HHbix εοποΛΗΜεροΒ, ΒΚ.ΉΟπαιοπίΗΧ 5 aKpmiaMH/i η no MeHbinen Mepe oahh aHHOHHbiii MOHOMep c abohhoh CBH3bK>.
KpaTKoe H3Jio>KeHHe cvuihocth H3o6peieHHH B cooTBeTCTBHH c HacTOHmnM Η3ο6ρβτβΗΗεΜ nojiyHaiOT He noflBepraBmnecH οαβηγοβοη /ιεφορΜηηΗΗ aHHOHHbie BOAOpacTBopHMbie pa3BeTBJieHHbie noAHMepHbie φΛοκκγηΗΗΤΜ. B onHcaHHH HacTOHiiļero H3o6peTeHHB, a TaiOKe b conyTCTByiomeH φopMyJIe H3o6peTeHHH TepMHH "He nonBepraBIHHHCB C/ΙΒΗΓΟΒΟΗ ΛθφορΜΒΗΗΗ" ΗΘ HCKJHOHaeT θ0ΜΗΗΟΓΟ nepeMeniHBaHHH, npHMeHHeMoro αλη AHcneprHpoBaHHH nojiHMepa. K npHMepy nepeMeuiHBaHHe c noMombio μβγηητηοη MemajiKH, onHcaHHoe HH»e, He πρΗΒΟΛΗΤ κ "nonBepraBineMycH cabhioboh ΑεφορΜΑΗΗΗ" nojiHMepy, ho nojiHMep na?Ke nocAe 2-x nacoBoro nepeMeuiHBaHHH 6yneT "He nO^BepraBIHHMCH CABHIOBOH ΑβφορΜΑΗΗΗ" nOJIHMepOM B o6ī>eMe npHTH3aHHH H3o6peTeHHH.
HacTonmHM Η3θ6ρετβΗΗβΜ npeanaraeTCH cnoco6 noiiyHeHHH He no,nBepraBineMycH cabhioboh ΑεφορΜΑΐΐΗΗ BOAopacTBOpHMoro pa3BeTBJieHHoro noAHMepHoro Φλοκ^ληητβ con/iacHO BbimenpHBeaeHHOMy onpe,neneHHK), 3aKAiOHaioiiiHHCH b nojiHMepH3auHH οαηογο hah HecKOJibkhx aHHOHHbIX MOHOMepOB C ABOHHOH CBH3bIO C ΠΟ MeHbUieH Mepe OAHHM pa3BeTBJunomHM cpencTBOM b KOJiHHecTBe 4-80 μοληρημχ nacTefi Ha mhjiahoh b nepecneTē HaHanaAbHoe coAepncaHHe MOHOMepa b npHcyTCTBHH no MeHbmeH Mepe οαηογο nepeHOCHHKa KHHeraHecKOH nenn.
PeKOMeH,ayeTCH, ητο6μ b tbkom cnoco6e pa3BeTBJinioinee cpencTBo Ao6aBAHAOcb b KOJinnecTBe 80 - 20 Μο/πφΗΜχ nacTen b nepecneTe Ha HanajībHoe conep>KaHHe MOHOMepa.
HacTonmHM H3o6peTeHHeM AaeTcn cnoco6 nonyHeHHH He
nOflBepraBmHXCH ΟΑΒΗΓΟΒΟίί ΑεφορΜΑΗΗΗ BOflOpaCTBOpHMbIX pa3BeTBneHHbIX aHHOHHbIX nOJIHMepHbIX φΑΟΚΪ^ΛΗΗΤΟΒ COrJiaCHO BbimenpHBeAeHHOMy OnpeZiejieHHIO, 3aKAK)HaiOmHHCH B nOAHMepH3aUHH ΟΑΗΟΓΟ HAH HeCKOAbKHX aHHOHHbIX MOHOMepOB C ABOHHOH CBA3bIO C ΠΟ MeHbHieH Mepe OAHHM 6 LV 10964 pa3BeTB;wiomHM cpencTBOM b KojiHHecTBe 4-80 μοληρημχ nacTeH Ha μηλληοη b nepecneTe Ha Hana^bHoe coflepacaHHe MOHOMepa b npHcyTCTBHH no MeHbineii Mepe οηηογο nepeHOCHHKa κΗΗβΤΜΗεοκοίί uenH. rionpo6Hoe onHcaHHe Η3θ6ρβτβΗΗΗ
BbicoKOMOJieKyjwpHbie He nonBepraBumecn ολβηγοβοη ηβφορΜ3ηΗΗ BbICOKOpa3BeTBJieHHbie BOAOpaCTBOpHMbie nOJIHMepHbie φΛΟΚΙψΛΗΗΤΗ nOJiyMaiOT nOJIHMepH3aiļHeH aHHOHHbIX MOHOMepOB C ΛΒΟΗΗΟΗ CBH3bK> B HHCTOM ΒΗββ HJIH C COMOHOMepaMH B IipHCyTCTBHH B OOTHMa;ibHbIX cooTHomeHHHX pa3BeTB./iHK)mero cpencTBa h nepeHOCHHKa κΗΗβτΗΗβοκοΗ Henn.
AHHOHHbie MOHOMepbl HaCTOHIUerO Η3θ6ρβΤβΗΗΗ Bbl0HpaiOT H3 BHHOHHbIX ΟΟβΛΗΗβΗΗΗ, ΗΜβΙΟΙΗΗΧ /lBOHHyK) CBH3b. KaK npaBHJIO, 3TH coe^HHeHHB BiononaioT: (MeT)aKpmioBbie κηολοτβι,
Cy ΛΒφθ3ΛΚΗΛ ( ΜβΤ ) aKpH JIOBbie KHCJIOTbl, CyJlbφHpOBaHHbIe CTHpOJIbI,
HeHacbimeHHbie ziHKap6oHOBbie khcjiotm, cyλβΦοβλκηji(Μβτ)aKpmiaMH/ibi, COJIH nepeHHCJieHHbIX KHCJIOT Η Τ.Π.
TaKHe co^ep^camne aBOHHyio cBH3b MOHOMepbl MoryT 6biTb TaicjKe C0n0JIHMepH30BaHbI C nOJiyHeHHeM aHHOHHbIX COnOJIHMepOB. AHHOHHbie COnOJIHMepbl, npHMeHHMbie B HaCTOHUieM H300peTeHHH, BKJIIOHaiOT 1 - 99 nacTefi no Macce, Hanp., ακρΗΛ3ΜΗΛΗ0Γ0 MOHOMepa h 99 - 1 nacTb no Macce aHHOHHoro coMOHOMepa. PeKOMeHnyeTCH, hto6w conojiHMep BKJiKm;i 10-99 nacTež no Macce aKpnnaMHnHoro MOHOMepa h 90 - 1 nacTb no Macce aHHOHHOrO COMOHOMepa. rio^HMepH3anHK) MOHOMepOB ηρΟΒΟΛΗΤ B npHCyTCTBHH ΠΟΛΗφνΗΚΙΙΗΟΗΒΛΒΗΟΓΟ pa3BeTBJIHK>mero CpeaCTBa C o6pa30BaHHeM pa3BeTBneHHoro roMono;iHMepa hjih conojiHMepa. ΠoΛHφyHK^HOHaΛbHoe pa3BeTBnHiomee cpe^cTBO BKJiiOHaeT coeflHHeHHH c no MeHbmefi Mepe nByMH JIBOHHblMH CBH3HMH, C ΛΒΟΗΗΟΗ CBfl3bIO II peaKIIHOHHOCnOCo6HOH TpynnOH ΗΛΗ ^BVMH peaKHHOHHOCnOC00HbIMH rpynnaMH. Πo.ΠHφyHK^HOHaJIbHbIe pa3BeTB.nmouiHe cpe/iCTBa hojdkhm o6;ia,aaTb no MeHbineH Mepe Ηεκοτοροίί 7 paCTBOpHMOCTbK) B BOfle. ΠρΗΜβρΜ ΤΒΚΗΧ COe/IHHeHHH, COflep)KamHX no MeHbineH Mepe ABejiBOHHbie cbh3h, BKJnonaiOT: MeTHneH6HcaKpHJiaMH^, MeTHJieH6HCMeTaKpn^aMH,a, .anaKpnjiaT ποληβτηλβηγληκολη, flHMeTaKpnjiaT ΠΟΛΗ3ΤΗΛβΗΓΛΗΚΟΛΒ, N-BHHHJiaKpH^aMHfl, /IHBHHHJl6eH30JI,
Tpna/uiHJiaMMOHHeBbie cojih, N-MeTHJiajuinjiaKpnjiaMim η τ.π. ΠoΛHφyHK^HOHaJIbHbIe pa3BeTBJiniomHe cpe^cTBa, co^epiKamne no MeHbinen Mepe oiwy ^BonHyio cBH3b h no MeHbmen Mepe o^Hy peaiciiHOHHOcnoc6Hyio rpynny, BKjnonaioT: rjiHUH^H^aKpnjiaT, aKpojieHH, rnapoKCHMeTHJiaKpH^aMHn η τ.π. ΠoJIHφyHK^HOHaJIbHbIe pa3BeTBJiinomHe cpe^CTBa c no MeHbmen Mepe ,AByMH peaKunoHHOcnocoČHbiMH rpynnaMH BK/noHaioT ajīb^ernAbi, Tanne xax rjinoKcajib, /m3noKcnnpoH3Bo,aHbie, 3ΠΗΧΛ0ρΓΗΛρΗΗ Η Τ.Π.
Pa3BeTBJiHK>mne cpe^cTBa cjie/iveT npnMeHHTb b KOJinnecTBe, aOCTaTOHHOM ΛΛΗ rapaHTHpOBaHHOTO nOJiyHeHHH BbICOKOpa3BeTBJieHHOrO npoayKTa. PeKOMeHayeMoe KOJinnecTBO pa3BeTBJiinoinero cpe^cTBa cocTaB/iHeT 4 - 80 MOJinpHbix nacTen Ha mhjijihoh b nepecneTe Ha HanaJībHoe coaepacaHne MOHOMepa, κοτορΜβ ^o6aBJimoT c uejibio Bbi3BaTb ziocTaTOHHoe pa3BeTBJieHne nojiHMepHOH nenn. Πρη ocyuxecTBJieHHH HacTonmero Η3θ6ρβτβΗΗίΐ cymecTBeHHyio pojib nrpaeT ao6aBJieHne b onTHMaūbHon KOHneHTpannn Mo/^HφH^HpyIOI^eΓo MOJieKVJinpHbiH Bec nepeHocHHKa KHHeTHHecKon nenn c nejibio peryjinpoBaHHB CTpoeHne n pacTBopHMOCTb nojiHMepa. B OTcyTCTBHe nepeHocHHKa KHHeTHHecKon nenn BBe/ieHne pa3BeTBJimomero cpe^CTBa ziajKe b 4pe3BbinaHHo Majiwx KOJiHMecTBax, Hanp. 5 nacTen Ha mhjijihoh MonceT Bbi3BaTb cmnBaHHe nojiHMepa h ero HepacTBopnMOCTb b Bojie. O/iHaKO, HacTOHiiiHM H3o6peTeHneM nojiyMaioT pacTBopHMbie BbicoKopa3BeTBJieHHbie conojniMepbi npH ncnojib30BaHHH b onTHMajibHbix KOjniHecTBax nepeHocHHKa KHHeTiiMecKOH nenn β οοηθτβηηη c pa3BeTBJimomHM cpeacTBOM.
Cnemia^HCTy H3BecTHbi MHorne Tanne nepeHocnnKn KHHeTHMecKon nenn, κοτορΜβ BKJiiOMaiOT: cnHpTbi, MepKanTaHbi, τηοκηολοτμ, φοοφκτΜ η 8 LV 10964 ΟγΛδφΗΤΜ, TaKHe KaK! Η30Πρ0ΠΗΛΟΒΜΗ CnHpT Η ΓΗΠοφοοφΗΤ HaTpHH, ΗΟ MOryT 6bITb HCri0JIb30BaHbI H flpyrHe nepeHOCMHKH KHHeTHMeCKOH IļenH.
ZlilH ĪIO/iyHeHHB BbICOKOpa3BeTBJieHHOro BO^OpaCTBOpHMOrO npO/iyKTa Hpe3BbiHaftHo Ba>KHO npHMeHeHHe nepeHocHHKa KHHeTHHecKoft nenn b OIlTHMaJIbHOH KOHlļeHTpaUHH. ΠρΗ no6aBJieHHH nepeHOCHHKa ΚΗΗΘΤΗΗβΟΚΟΗ UenH B OHeHb ΗβόοΛΒΙΙΙΗΧ KOJIHHeCTBaX o6pa3yeTCH HepaCTBOpHMblH ΠΟ/IHMepHbIH npOnyKT, a npn H30bITKe nepeHOCMHKa KHHeTHHeCKOH uenn o6pa3yeTcn nponyKT co cjihuikom hh3kom βα3κο(πί>κ> b pacTBope, Tioeio HH3KHM MOJieKyjIHpHbIM BeCOM. B cjiyHae βηηοηημχ ποΛΗΜβροΒ nepeHocHHK κηηθτηηθοκοη uenn ao6aB^HK)T B KOJIHHeCTBe, nOCTaTOHHOM nJIfl I10JiyHeHHH ΠΟΛΗΜβρΟΒ c BH3KocTbio b pacTBope cooTBeTCTBeHHO no MeHbinen Mepe 1,9 Mīla h no MeHhmeft Mepe 3 Mīla npn H3MepeHHH b BHcK03HMeTpe Bpy^n;izia c UL-nepexonHHKOM npn 25 °C, KOHueHTpaijHH nojiHMepa 0,1 % Macc, β 1 M NaCl, 60 06./μηη, h b pe3yjibTaTe nocraraioT Tpe6yeMyio BH3KOCTb. nojiHMepH3aiļHH Ha npaKTHKe Μ0)κβτ 6biTb ocymecTBJieHa no^HMepH3anneH b rene hjih no;iHMepH3auHeH b 3MyjibCHH (cycneH3Hn). 06a cnoco6a χοροπιο H3BecTHW cnennanncTaM.
Il0JIHMepH3anHH B 3MyjIbCHH ΒΚΛΙΟΗΒβΤ ΠρΗΓΟΤΟΒΛβΗΗβ flBVX φ33. Bo/iHaH φ333 conepJKHT MOHOMep(bi), pa3BeTB^niomee cpencTBo h nepeHocMHK KHHeTHHecKoft nenn b pacTBope neHOHH3HpoBaHHOH bokm, ea TaioKe h npyrne xopomo H3BecTHbie cnennajincTaM no6aBKH, TaKiie Kax: cTa6n^H3aT0pbi h pery;iBTopbi pH. Macjuman φa3a npeacTaBnneT co6oh HepacTBopHMbift b Bone pacTBop noBepxHocTHO-aKTHBHbix BemecTB(a) B yrneBonopone. Βοληυιο h MacjiHHyio φ33Η 3aTeM CMemuBaioT h roMoreHH3HpyiOT β ο6μηηομ o6opy,aoBaHHH no nonyMeHHa nacran pa3MepoM οκοηο 1 MHKpoHa η ηοοτηκεΗΗΗ Heo6xonHMoii bh3Kocth Bcefi Maccbi. 3aTeM 3Myjibcnio nepeHocBT b npneMneMbiH cocyn, β κοτοροΜ aMvnbcnio nepeMeuiHBaioT h nponyBaioT οκοηο TpHnnaTH MHHyT a30T0M. *lTo6bi HanaTb nonHMepH3auHio b pacTBop 3aTeM HenpepHBHO no6aBnniOT HHimnaTop 9 nojiHMepH3aiļHH, TaKoft KaK ΜβταόΗονΛΒφκτ HaTpHH. TeMnepaTypy nojiHMepH3auHH noBbimaiOT 3a cHeT co6cTBeHHoro Ten.na /io Heo6xo,aHMorc> ypoBHH h noAaep>KHBaiOT Ha stom ypoBHe nyTeM ox./iaxc,aeHHH λο MOMema, Kor^a oxjiajKaeHHH 6ojibine He Tpe6yeTcn. KoHeHHbiH 3My/[bCHOHHbiH προ/^κτ oxjiajK,iiaK)T λο 25 °C. Πο OČblHHOH ΜβΤΟΛΗΚβ nO^HMepH3aUHH B re^e MOHOMep(bl), pa3BeTB^Hiomee cpeacTBO h nepeHocHHK KHHeTHHecKoft iienn pacTBOpaiOT b aeHOHH3HpoBaHHOH Boae h ycTaHaBJiHBaioT Heo6xo^HMoe 3HaMeHHe pH. PacTBop noMemaioT b no;iHMepH3aiļHOHHbiH cocya η πρκ TeMnepaType okojio 6 °C pacTBOp npoflyBaiOT a30T0M. 3aTeM ,ao6aB;iinoT HHHiiHaTop c noBbimeHHeM TeMnepaTypbi 3a cneT Terma nojiHMepH3auHH ,αο
MaKCHMajībHoro 3HaHeHHH. īloc^e ziocTH^ceHHH MaKCHMajībHOH TeMnepaTypbi cMecb noMemaioT npHMepHO Ha 8 nacoB b nenb npH 70 °C. rio;iyHeHHbiH rejib pa3Me^bHaioT b rpaHy;ibi b BH/ie HepBHKOB, cymaT Ha B03,ayxe h pa3Me^bHaiOT b ποροπιοκ. /Ιλη CTa0HJiH3aiiHH βοληοη h MacjiHHoii φ33 MoryT 6biTb HCĪĪ0JIb30BaHbI JIK)6bie OČblHHbie ao6aBKHiO ripneMJieMbie ao6aBKH ΒΚΛίΟΗΖίοτ: cyJIbφaτ άμμοηηβ, 3THJieH/iHaMHHTeTpayKcycHyio kmcjioij (αΗΗΆΤρΗβΒΆΗ COJIb) Η ΖΙΗ3ΤΗΛβΗΤρΗ3ΜΗΗΟΠβΗΤ33ΗεΤ3Τ (πεΗΤ3Η3ΤρΗβΒ3Η cojib). Cm. CoBpeMeHHyK> SHUHKJione^Hio njiacTMacc /88, Mai<rpoy Xhji, oKTHČpb 1987, οτρ. 147-148. HTo6bi HanaTb nojiHMepH3auHio, MoryT 6biTb Hcnojib30BaHbi /iio6bie H3BecTHbie HHHiļHaTopbi. J\nsi HacTOimiero Η3θ6ρετεΗΗ« npneMJieMbi b KaneCTBe HHHUHaTOpOB a3o6HC^H6yTHpOHHTpHJI, CyJIbφHT HaTpHH,
MeTa6wcy;n^HT HaTpHH, 2,2'-a3o6HC-(2-MeTHJi-2-aMH^HHonponaH) ^HXJioprHapaT, nepcyj]^aT βμμοηηη, reiccantapaT xcejie30 (II) 3ΜΜ0ΗΗί^ΛΒφ3Τ Η Τ.Π. /ļjIH ΪΙ0ΛΗΜβρΗ33Ι1ΗΗ COAepXCaiUHX ^BOHHVK) CBH3b MOHOMepoB MoryT 6biTb npHMeHeHbi opraHHnecKHe nepeKHCH. B HacToameM Η3θ6ρβΤβΗΗΗ 0C00eHH0 ΠΟΛβ3ΗΟΗ OKa3bIBaeTCH THApOnepeKHCb TpeT-6yTH^a. 10 LV 10964
Cm. CoBpeMeHHyio aHimioione/iHK) njiacTMacc /88, MaKrpoy Xhji, oKTHČpb 1987, ctP. 165-168. ]TIojiytieHHbiH b pe3yjibTaTe npo,ayKT npeacTaBJiHeT co6oh He ΠΟ/iBepraBIIIHHCH C^BHrOBOH ββφορΜΒΗΗΗ BbICOKOMOJieKy7IBpHbIH BbICOKOpa3BeTB^eHHbIH BOAOpaCTBOpHMblH aHHOHHblH IIOJIHMep, OCo6eHHO ΠρΗΜβΗΗΜΜΗ B ΚΒΜβΟΤΒβ ΧΗΜΗΗβΟΚΟΓΟ φJIOKKyJIί^HTa Η Ηβ Tpe6yK)IHHH HCn0JIb30BaHHH peryJIHpyeMOH C/IBHrOBOH ΛβφθρΜ3ΙΙΗΗ JļJISl flOCTHHCeHHH OĪITHMajIbHOH 3φφβΚΤΗΒΗΟΟΤΗ. CTa/lHH φΛΟΚ^ΛΗΗΗΗ H 00e3B0MCHBaHHB HaCTOBmerO H3o6peTeHHB c ue.ibio 0T/iejieHHB βολμ ot flHcnepcHH cycneHflHpoBaHHbix τΒβρΛκχ BemecTB προΒο,αΗΤ zio6aBJieHHeM κ cycneHCHH pacTBopa He no^BepraBuierocH ΟΖΪΒΗΓΟΒΟΗ ΛβφορΜΒΙΙΗΗ BbICOKOMOJieKy^HpHOrO BbICOKOpa3BeTBJieHHOrO BOflOpaCTBOpHMOrO aHHOHHOrO ΠΟΛΗΜβρΗΟΓΟ φ JIOKKy-rtflHTa, nOCJie ΗβΓΟ B o6bIHHOM 00opyaOBaHHH iĻTIH ΟΤΛβΛβΗΗΗ BOflbl ΟΤΛβΛΗΙΟΤ BO^y OT CyCIieH3HH C nOJiyHeHHeM KpHCTaJIJIbHO np03paHHOrO ΟΤΧΟΛΗΙΗβΓΟ nOTOKa. IIpOflyKTbI HaCTOHmerO H300peTeHHH npHMeHHMbl B CaMbIX pa3JIHHHbIX OnepaiļHHX no pa3/ie^eHHIO ΤΒβρΛΜΧ BemeCTB H JKH/IKOCTH C ΟΠΤΗΜΗ33Ι1ΤεΗ τβκηχ onepanHH. riojiHMepHbie φJioKKyληητμ MoryT 6biTb npHMeHeHbi /yra 00e3B0X<HBaHHH CycneH^HpOBaHHbIX ΤΒβρΛΜΧ BemeCTB H apyrax npoMbiniJieHHbix oca/ucoB, α,ΛΆ ocymeHHH nejuiyjio3Hbix cycneH3HH, HanpHMep, no7iyHaeMbix b npoH3BO,gcTBe 6yMarH, a TaioKe ņ,na otctoh pa3J!HHHbIX HeopraHHHecKHX CycneH3HH. HHHce cjieayi0T npHMepbi, HJunocTpHpyiomHe H3o6peTeHHe. IIpHBeaeHHbie npHMepbi hh b κοβΗ Mepe He npe^Ha3HaHeHbi a/ih OrpaHHHeHHH H3o6peTeHHH. IIpHMepbi 1-3 rio/IHMepH3aiļHeH B 3My.lbCHH nOJiyHaiOT aHHOHHblH cono/iHMep aMMOHiinaKpHJiaT-aKpHJiaMHa. BoaHyio φa3y nojiyHaioT pacTBopeHHeM b 107 r ^enoHH3HpoBaHHOH βολμ 291,1 r npo^a>KHoro aKpH;iaMH/ia (50 %), 64 r anpuiioBOH κηολοτμ, 2,1 r H3onponHJioBoro cnHpTa b KanecTBe 11 nepeHocHHKa KHHeTHHecicoH uenH, 1,5 r 0,209 %-ro MeTmieH6HcaKpH.7iaMH,aa b KanecTBe pa3BeTBJiinomero cpeacTBa, 0,6 r /uiHaTpueBon cojih 3THJieHflHaMHHTeTpayKcycHoft κηολοτμ b KanecTBe xeaaTHoro cpeacTBa h 1,3 r 20 %-hoh rH^ponepeKMCH TpeT-6yTH^a b KanecTBe HHHUHaTopa nojiHMepH3aiiHH. /Io6aB^eHweM 4,49 r rMapOKcnaa aMMOHHH ycTaHaB./iHBaioT pH 6,5.
MacjiHHyio φa3y no/iyHaioT pacTBopeHHeM b 178,5 r He o6jiaaaioiiieM 3anaxoM πΒρΒφΗΗΟΒΟΜ Macae 17,5 r MOHooaeaTa cop0HTa.
BoaHyio h MacaimyK> φΒ3Μ cMeuiHBaiOT h roMor6HH3npyioT ao 00pa30BaHHH HaCTHIJ ΟΚΟΛΟ MHKpOHa. 3aTeM 3MyjibCHio nepeHocaT b JiHTpOByio Tpexropjiyio KpyrjioaoHHyio KO./i6y, cHa6x<eHHyio Mema^Kofl, Tpy6Koft απη npoayBKH a30T0M, ^HHHeH nO^aHH ΜΘΤ30*^ΛΒφΗΤ3 HaTpHH (aKTHBaTOp) η τερΜΟΜβτροΜ. 3My^bCHio nepeMeiiiHBaioT, npoayBatoT a30T0M h ycTaHaBJiHBaioT TeMnepaTypy 25 °C (+1 °C). Ilocjie npoayBaHHH b TeneHHe 30 MHHyT co CKOpocTbio 0,028 mji/mhh npHČaBJunoT 0,8 %-Hbift pacTBop ΜβτΒόι^ΛΒφι^ HaipHH (MBH). IIojiHMepH3aiiHH npoTeKaeT c BbiaejieHneM Tenjia, h TeMnepaiypy peaKUHH peryjiHpyiOT ox;iaxcAeHHeM Jie/tHHOH Boaoii. Koraa noTpe0HOCTb b oxjia>K/ieHHH oTnaaaeT, cKopocTb npH0aBjieHHH 0,8 %-ro pacTBopa MBH yBejiHHHBaioT η λάά no/mep)KaHHH TeMnepaTypbi Hcno;ib3yioT HarpeBaTejibHyio o6ojioMKy. Best nojmMepH3amra npoTeKaeT b τεΗβΗΗβ 4-5 nacoB. IlojiyMeHHbiH 3My;ibCHOHHbiH npoayKT 3aTeM oxjiaxeaaiOT 0.0 25 °C. OlIblT nOBTOpHIOT C H3MeHeHHeM KOJIHHeCTB Η30Πρ0ΠΗΛ0Β0Γ0 cnHpTa (HIIC) h MeTHaeHČHcaKpHJiaMHaa (MBA) no οτΗοιηβΗΗΐο κ 6a30B0My MOHOMepy. OnpeaejnnoT BH3KOCTb pacTBopa, no;iyMeHHbie pe3yjibTaTbi npHBeaeHbi b HHX<ecaeayiomeH Ta6iiHne 14. Ba3KocTb pacTBopa onpeaeaaiOT aaa npHroiOBaeHHoro 3MyabcnoHHoro pacTBopa. Βολημη 0,2 %-bift pacTBop 3My;ibCHOHHoro npoayKTa nojiyMaiOT ancneprHpoBaHHeM 1,7 r 34 %-ro 3MyabcnoHHoro npoayKTa b λητροβομ xHMHMecKOM cTaKaHe, coaepjKameM 298 r aenoHH3HpoBaHHoii Boaw n 0,2 r pa30HBaiomero 12 LV 10964 noBepxHocTHO-aKTHBHoro BemecTBa. /ĪHcnepcHio nepeMeuiHBaiOT co cKOpocTbio 250 o6./mhh Ha μβγηητηοη MeinajiKe c noMoiiļbio MarHHTHoro CTep)KH« ajihhoh 6 cm h zinaMeTpoM 1 cm. 3aTeM pacTBop pa36aBJifliOT βολοη no KOHueHTpauHH 0,1 %. Κλά cpaBHeHHH TaK^ce nojiyHaioT 0,1 %-ημη no^BepraBuiHHca c^BHroBOH /ιεφορΜ3ΐ1ΗΗ pacTBop. HenoflBepraBiuHiicfl c/ιβηγοβοη ΛβφορΜΒίΐΗΗ 0,1 %-Hbiž pacTBop, nojiyneHHbiH H3 0,2 %-ro pacTBOpa (cm. Bbirne) nepeHocHT b οτθκληηηηη cocya CMēCHTejin YapHHra Ha 30 yHimii (0,9 λ) c BHyTpeHHHM flHaMeTpOM OKOJIO 7 CM H MeTblpbMB BpamaiOmHMHCH JIOnaCTbHMH AHaMeTpOM OKOJIO 4 CM, npHHeM 2 JIOnaCTH HanpaBJieHbl ΠΟΛ yrjiOM 30° bhh3, a 2 Jionacra HanpaBJieHbl πολ yrjioM 30° ΒΒβρχ. TojimHHa jionacTen 1 mm, h ohh BpamaiOTca co CKopocTbK) 12100 o6./mhh b TeneHHe ^syx nacoB. B τβΗβΗΗβ Bcero ziByxMacoBoro nepno^a λθηοτβηλ ολβηγοβοη ΛβφορΜΒίΐΗΗ TeMnepaTypy pacTBOpa nozmepjKHBaiOT πρκ 25 °C hjih HHnce.
Onpe^ejiHiOT BH3KOCTb pacTBOpa, npHroTOBJieHHoro ao6aBJieHHeM 5,84 r x;iopHCToro HaTpHH κ 100 r 0,1 %-ro no/iBepraBmerocfl h He noflBepraBuierocH ο^βηγοβοη .z^opMaijHH pacTBOpa nojiHMepa h MefljieHHbiM nepeMeniHBaHHeM 15 MHHyT. 3aīeM onpe^ejiaiOT BH3K0CTb b BHCK03HMeTpe Epo^Hjma MOflejib LVT c UL-nepexoaHHKOM npH 25 °C (+ 0,1 °C) h 60 o6./mhh.
3aTeM HCnblTblBaiOT aHHOHHblH COnOJIHMep Ha CnOCOČHOCTb ocaxcaaTb rjiHHy no cjie/iyioin;eH ΜβτοΛΗΚΘ. B ηητροΒΟΜ rpa/jyHpoBaHHOM UHJiHH^pe 2 Haca BblMaHHBaiOT 20 Γ rJIHHbl (KaOJIHHHT) B 800 Γ /16ΗΟΗΗ3ΗρθΒ3ΗΗΟΗ BOflbI. Πο BbimenpHBe^eHHOŪ ΜβτοΛΗκβ nojiynaK>T 0,2 %-bift hcthmh pacTBop COnOJIHMepa HaTpHHaKpHJiaT-aKpHJiaMH/l. B 300 Γ ,aeHOHH3HpOBaHHOH BOflbl /!HcneprHpyiOT 1 r 0,2 %-ηογο βο/ιηογο pacTBOpa nojiHMepa h 3aTeM CMeiHHBaiOT C 800 Γ CycneH3HH rJIHHbl c nOMOIUblO ΠβρφορΗρΟΒΒΗΗΟΓΟ nopin hh npn B03BpaTHO-nocrynaTejibHOM ziBHnceHHH nopuiHH b TeneHHe 4 ceKyH/i. OTMenaioT BpeMn, Heo6xo^HMoe zijih onycKaHHH noBepxHocTH 13 pa3.ae.jia φαοκκγΛΗροΒ3ΗΗοϋ γληημ οτ οτμθτκη 1000 μλ rpaayHpoBaHHoro UHJIHH/lpa αο ΟΤΜβΤΚΗ 600 MJI (14,1 cm). CKopocTb oca>KaeHHB (cm/cck) paccHHTbiBaioT aeaeHHeM pacTOimna ocaaK^eHHH (14,1 cm) Ha 3aperHCTpHpoBaHHoe BpeMfl. IIojiyMeHHbie pe3yjibTaTbi, a TaioKe aaHHbie no cocīaBy npHBeneHbi b HH)KecaeayK)meH Ta6anne 1.
Ta6jmna 1
OaOKKVJIHUHH rJIHHbl C nOMOIUblO COnOJIHMepOB aMMOHHHaKpHJiaT-aKpHJiaMHJ MBA HnC B.P. B.P. CKopocTb oca^KiteHHfi (C) CM/ceK ΠρΗΜβρ m/mjih (Macc.) h/mjih (moji.) % ΜΠβ ΜΠβ Be3 c.ļB. Co C.HB. 1A 15 6,9 0 2,39 2,92 0,147 0,290 1B 15 6,9 1,0 3,09 — 0,979 — 1C 15 6,9 1,5 4,21 — 1,240 — 2A1 25 11,6 0 1,95 2,11 0,130 0,160 2B1 25 11,6 1,0 2,14 — 0,367 — 2C 25 11,6 1,5 3,55 — 0,691 — 3A1 50 23,2 0 1,64 1,51 0,112 0,111 3B1 50 23,2 1,0 1,53 — 0,152 — 3C1 50 23,2 1,5 1,91 — 0,224 — MBA - MeTH^eH6ncaKpH^aMHa η/μλη (Macc.) - nacTH Ha mhjuihoh no Macce ΡΙΠΟ - H3onponaHoa B.P. - BH3KOCTb paCTBOpa (C) - nOABepraBIUHHCH caBHrOBOH ΛβφθρΜ3ηΗΗ 14 1 - KOHTpoabHbin o6pa3eu LV 10964 η/μλη (moji.) - HaCTH Ha MHJIJIHOH B ΜΟΛΒΧ IĪ3 Ta0JIHUbI 1 ΒΗΛΗΟ, «ΠΌ paCTBOpHMbie aHHOHHbie BbICOKOpa3BeTBJieHHbie COnOJIHMepHbie φΛΟΚΚγΛΗΗΤΜ MOryT 6bITb no^yneHbI 6e3 ΠρΗΜβΗΘΗΗΗ Γρ0Μ03^Κ0Γ0 Η ΛΟρΟΓΟΟΤΟΗΙΒΘΓΟ o6opyaOBaHHH ΛΛΛ co3,aaHHfl οζιβηγοβοη /^eφopMa^Hn. Bo/iee τογο, Η3 Ta6;iHiibi πετκο c;ieziyeT, μτο He no/iBepraBiuHecH ολβηγοβοη ,z^eφopMa^HH aHHOHHbie BbICOKOpa3BeTBJieHHbie COnOJIHMepHbie φΛΟΚ^ΛΗΗΤΜ HaCTOHIlierO H3o6peTeHHH 3HaHHTeJIbHO ΠρβΒΟΟΧΟΛΒΤ nO^BepraBIUHeCH ΟΛΒΗΓΟΒΟΗ ΛβφορΝ^υΗΗ aHHOHHbie nOJIHMepbl Η3ΒβΟΤΗΟΓΟ ypOBHH ΤβΧΗΗΚΗ, yCKOpHH ocamnemie cycneH/iHpoBaHHbix TBep/ibix BemecTB πρκ 6onee ΗΗ3ΚΗΧ a03Hp0BKaX. npHMepbi 4-12
BocnpoH3Be^eHa MeTo^HKa npHMepa 1 c 3aMeHož aMOHHftaKpHJiaia apyrHMH MOHOMepaMH: 4) aKpHJioBaa KHCJioTa, 5) MeTaKpHJioBaa KHCjioTa, 6) HaτpHHcyJIbφo^THΛMeτaκpHΛaτ, 7) HaTpHHMeTaicpHJiaT, 8) HTaKOHOBan KHCjioTa, 9) HaTpHHHTaKOHaT, 10) HaTpneBaH cozib 2-aKpHJiaMH/io-2-MeτHJIΠpoπaHcyJIbφoHaτa, 11) HaTpHeBaa cojib cyΛbφoπpoπHJIaκpHJIaτa h 12) CMecb HaTpHfiaKpHJiaTa c aKpHJioBOH khcjiotoh πρκΜβΗΗΐοτ b KanecTBe aHHOHHbIX MOHOMepOB. IĪO;iyHeHbI He noaBepraBIHHeCH ΟΛΒΗΓΟΒΟΗ ΛβφορΜΒΡΗΗ BOflOpaCTBOpHMbie pa3BeTBJieHHbie aHHOHHbie nO^HMepHbie Φλοκι^ληητμ, aHajiorHHHbie Φλοκ^ληητβμ npHMepa 1. npHMepbi 13-18
BocnpoH3Be;ieHa MeTO^KKa npHMepa 1 c 3aMeHOH aKpn/iaMH/ia pa3JIHHHbIMH HeHOHHbIMH MOHOMepaMH. HcnOJIb3yiOT CJie,HyK>mHe HeHOHHbie MOHOMepbi: 13) MeTaicpHJiaMHZi, 14) N-BHHH;iMeTaKpH;iaMH,a, 15) Ν-ΒΗΗΗ/ΙΜβΤΗΛφθρΜ3ΜΗΛ, 16) BHHHJiaiieTaT, 17) Ν-ΒΗΗΗΛΠΗρρΟΛΗΛΟΗ H 18) CMecb aKpnjiaMH/ia c MeTaKpHJiaMHflOM. Ilo/iyHeHbi He no/iBepraBiiiHecH C/ΙΒΗΓΟΒΟΗ ΛεφθρΜ3ηΗΗ BOflOpaCTBOpHMbie pa3BeTBJieHHbie aHHOHHbie nojiHMepHbie Φλοκ^λλητμ, aHajiorHHHbie φϋοκκ7/πΐΗΤ3Μ npHMepa 1. 15 IIpHMepbi 19-21
BocnpoH3Be/ieHa MeTonHKa npHMepa 1 c npHMeHeHHeM ηοηημχ MOHOMepoB. Hcnojib3yiOT cjie,ayioinHe aHHOHHbie MOHOMepbi: 19) HaTpHiiaKpHJiaT, 20) aKpHJiOBan KHCJioTa h 21) cMecb HaTpHiiaKpHJiaTa c aKpHJioBoii khcjiotoh. E[oJiyMeHbi He no^BepraBiUHecH ολβηγοβοη fle(ļ>OpMaiIHH BOAOpaCTBOpHMbie pa3BeTBJieHHbie aHHOHHbie TOMOnOJIHMepHbie (ļ)JIOKKy./IilHTbI C 0Ί7ΙΗΗΗ0Η CTa6mibHOCTbIO. IIpHMepbi 22-28
BocnpoH3Be^eHa MeTO^HKanpHMepa 1 c BpbHpoBaHHeM pa3BeTBJWiomero cpe/icTBa. Βμθοτο MeTHJieH0HcaKpHjiaMHaa Hcnojib3yiOT cjieayioiiļHe coe/iHHeHHfl: 22) Mēra JieH0HCMeTaKpH JiaMH/i, 23) nnaKpHJiaT ΠΟΛΗΒΤΗΤίεΗΓ JIHKOJLH, 24) ) AHMeTaKpHJiaT IIOJIH3THJieHr JIHKOJIH, 25) N-BHHHJiaKpHJiaMH/ι, 26) rvmmmHJiaKpHJiaT, 27) r/tHOKcajib h 28) aKpojieHH. IIojiyHeHbi He no/iBepraBiiiHecii c/ιβηγοβοη ΛβφορΜ3ΗΗΗ BO^OpaCTBOpHMbie pa3BeTBJieHHbie aHHOHHbie nOJIHMepHbie φϋΟΚ^ΛΗΗΤΜ, aHajiorHHHbie φ;ιοκ^./ΐΗΗΤ3Μ npHMepa 1. IIpHMep 29
BocnpoH3Be/ieHa Μβτο/iHKa npHMepa 1 c πρΗΜβΗβΗΗβΜ b KanecTBe nepeHOCHHKa KHHeraHecKOH nenn BMecTo H3onponHJioBoro cnnpTa ΓΗΠΟφοοφΗΤΒ HaTpHH. Il0JiyHeH He nO/tBepraBIHHeCH ΟΛΒΗΓΟΒΟΗ ΛβφορΜΒΙΙΗΗ BO^OpaCTBOpHMblH pa3BeTBJieHHbIH nOJIHMepHblH aHHOHHblH φϋΟΚΙ^.ΠΗΗΤ. 16 LV 10964
ΦΟΡΜΥϋΑ H30BPETEHHH 1. Cnoco6 nojiVMeHHH He nonBepraBinerocn ολβηγοβοη jļecļjopMauHH BO^OpaCTBOpHMOrO pa3BeTBJieHHOrO KaTHOHHOrO ΠΟΛΗΜβρΗΟΓΟ φJIOKKV-IHHTa, xapaKTepH3yiomerocB ΒΗ3κοσπ>ιο b pacTBope no MeHbmen Mepe 1,8 MĪIa npn H3MepeHHH b BHCK03HMeTpe Bpy^HJina C UL-nepeXOnHHKOM npn 25 °C, KOHneHTpanHH nonnMepa 0,1 % Macc, β 1 M NaCl n 60 o6./mhh, OTnHHaiOmHHCH ΤΘΜ, HTO OCymeCTBJLHIOT nOJIHMepH3aUHIO ΟΛΗΟΓΟ ΗΛΗ HeCKOJIbKHX KaTHOHHbIX BOnOpaCTBOpHMbIX MOHOMepOB C ΛΒΟΗΗΟΗ CBfl3bIO, C no MeHbineH Mepe oahhm pa3BeTBJiHK>mnM cpencTBOM b KOjiHMecTBe 4 - 80 MOJinpHbix nacTefi Ha mhjuihoh b nepecneTe Ha HanajībHoe conepacamie MOHOMepa b npncyTCTBHH no MeHbmen Mepe οληογο nepeHocHHKa KHHeTHHecKoft nenn b KOJinnecTBe, nocTaTOHHOM j\j\n npnnaHHH pa3BeTBneHHOMy nojiHMepHOMy φ./ιοκιψ.ΓΐΗΉ7 κo^φφH^HeHτa pacTBOpHMOCTH Bbirne 30 %. 2. Cnoco6 no π. 1, OTJiHnaiomHHCH τβΜ, hto nonHMepHbin Φλοκ^ληητ npencTaBnneT co6on ποΛΗΜβρ, nonyHeHHbin 113 οληογο hjih
HeCKOJIbKHX MOHOMepOB C ΛΒΟΗΗΟΗ CBH3bK>, Bbl6paHHbIX H3: aKpH.iaMH.aa, 1
MeTaKpH^aMH/ia, N-ajiKHJiaKpHJiaMima, Ν,Ν-nHajiKHJiaKpHJiaMHjioB, N-BHHH^MeTH^aueTaMH^a, N-BHHHJIMeTHJ^OpMaMH/ia, BHHHJiaueTaTa, N-BHHHJinHppO^H^OHa, Ν,Ν-JIHajIKHJiaMHHOaJIKHJiaKpHJiaTOB HJIH -MeTaKpHJiaTOB H HX ΗβΤΒβρΤΗΗΗΗΧ COJieH HJIH COJieft C KHCJIOTaMH, N.N-ZIHaJIKHJiaMHHOaJIKHJiaKpHJiaMHflOB HJIH - MeTaKpHJiaMH/IOB H hx ΗβΤΒβρΤΗΗΗΜΧ COJieH HJIH COJieH C KHCJIOTaMH HJIH JIHaJIJIHJIJIHMeTHJiaMMOHHeBbIX COJieH C KHCJIOTaMH. 3. Cnoco6 no niol, OTJiHnaiomHHCH τθμ, hto nojiHMepHbiii φjioKKyjihht npencTaBJifleT co6oh nojiHMep, o6pa30BaHHbift aKpHJiaMHaoM b COHeTaHHH C ΠΟ MeHbineH Mepe ΟΛΗΗΜ KaTHOHHbIM ΜΟΗΟΜβρΟΜ. 4. Cnoco6 oTnejieHHH βολμ ot jiHcnepcHH cycneH/iHpoBaHHbix TBepnbix BemecTB, otjiHHaromHHCH TeM, hto ocyinecTBJiniOT (a) no6aBJieHHe κ /IHcnepcHH 0,1 - 50000 nacTen Ha mhjijihoh nacreH TBepnbix BemecTB /IHcnepcHH, He no/iBepraBinerocH c/ιβηγοβοη ,ηβφορΜΒίΐΗΗ pa3BeTBJieHHoro Bo^opacTBopHMoro KaTHOHHoro nojiHMepHoro φ.τοκ^ιΐΗΗΤ3, HMeiomero BH3KOCTb b pacTBope no MeHbmefi Mepe 1,8 MĪIa npn H3MepeHHH b BHCK03HMeTpe Bpy^HJina c UL-nepexo^HHKOM πρκ 25 °C, KOHiieHTpaiiHH nojiHMepa 0,1 % Macc, β 1 M NaCl h 60 o6./mhh, κοΒφφκιΐΗβΗΤ pacTBOpHMocTH okojio 30 % h conepncaHHe pa3BeTBJinioinero 4-80 MOJinpHbix nacTen Ha mhjijihoh b nepecneTe Ha HanajībHoe KOJinnecTBO MOHOMepa, h (b) o6e3Bo>KHBaHHe cMecn /IHcnepcHH cycneHjiHpoBaHHbix TBepnwx BemecTB h nojiHMepHoro φ.ποκ^.ΠΗΗΤ3. 5. Cnoco6 no n.2, oTJiHHaioinHHCH τβΜ, hto nojiHMepHbift φ.τοκ^./ΐΗΗΤ npencTaBJineT co6oh nojiHMep, o6pa30BaHHbiH οληημ hjih HecKOJibKHMH MOHOMepaMH C ΛΒΟΗΗΟΗ CBH3bIO, Bbl6paHHbIX H3! aKpHJiaMH^a, MeTaKpHJiaMHnoB, N-ajiKHJiaKpHJiaMHnoB, NT,N-j3HajiKHJiaKpHJiaMHZioB, N-BHHHJiMeTHJianeTaMiina, N-BHHHjiMeTHjnļjopMaMHjia, BHHHjianeTaTa, N-BHHHJinHppojiH/ļoHa, N,N-/iHajiKHJiaMHHoajiKHJiaKpHjiaTOB hjih -MeTaKpHJiaTOB h hx neTBepTHHHbix cojieii hjih cojieii c KHCJIOTaMH, Ν,Ν-nnajiKHJiaMHHoajiKHjiaKpHJiaMHnoB hjih - MeTaKpHJiaMHnoB h hx 2 LV 10964 ΗβΤΒθρΤΗΗΗΜΧ COJiefi HJIH COJiefi C KHCJIOTaMH HJIH nHajijiHJinHMeTHjiaMMOHHeBbix cojiefi c KHCJIOTaMH. 6. Cnoeo6 ΠΟΛγΗεΗΗΛ He nO/tBepraBinerOCH ΟΛΒΗΓΟΒΟΗ ηεφορΜΗΙΙΗΗ BOZIOpaCTBOpHMOrO pa3BeTBJieHHOro ΗεΗΟΗΗΟΓΟ nOJIHMepHOTO φΛΟΚΚγΛΛΗΤΒ, BKJiioHaiomero no MeHhineH Mepe οληη ηθηοηημη μοηομθρ c λβοηηοη cBH3bio h conepacamero pa3BeTBJunomee cpencTBo b KOJiHHecTBe 4-80 MOjmpHbix HacTeft Ha mhjijihoh b nepecneTe Ha HanajībHoe conepacaHHe MOHOMepa, OTJIHHalOmHHCB ΤΘΜ, HTO OCymeCTBJIiīIOT nojiHMepH3anHio ΟΛΗΟΓΟ hjih 6ojiee BonopacTBopHMoro, HenoHHoro MOHOMepa c abohhoh cBH3bio h no MeHbiiieH Mepe οληογο pa3BeTBJunomero cpencTBa b KOJiHHecTBe ot 4 no 80 MonHpHbix HacTen Ha mhjijihoh b nepecneTe Ha HanajībHoe conepJKaHHe MOHOMepa b npHcyTCTBHH no MeHbmefi Mepe οληογο nepeHocHHKa KHHeTHMecKoft nenn b KOJiHHecTBe, nocTaTOHHOM λλη npHjiaHHH pa3BeTBJieHHOMy noJiHMepHOMy φJIOκκyJraHτy bh3kocth b pacTBOpe no MeHbmeft Mepe 1,9 Mīla npH H3MepeHHH b ΒΗοκο3ΗΜβτρβ Bpy^HJina c UL-nepexoAHHKOM npH 25 °C, KOHiieHTpaiiHH noJiHMepa 0,1 % Macc, b 1 M NaCl h 60 o6./mhh. 7. Cnoco6 no n.6, OTJiHHaiomHHCH TeM, hto nojiHMepHbift φjioKKyjihht npencTaBJineT co6oh noJiHMep, o6pa30BaHHbift o/ιηημ hjih HecKOJibKHMH HeHOHHbIMH MOHOMepaMH C ΛΒΟΗΗΟΗ CBH3bK), Bbl6paHHbIMH H3: aKpHJiaMHJia,
MeTaKpHJiaMHnoB, ajncHJiaKpHJiaMHnoB, N, N-nHajiKHJiaKpHJiaMHnoB, N-BHHHJinHppojiHnoHa hjih hx CMeceft. 8. Cnoco6 φJIOKκyJIH^HH nncnepciiH cycneHnnpoBaHHbix TBepnbix BemecTB, oTJiHHaiomHHCH τβΜ, hto ocvmecTBJiHiOT (a) ao6aBJieHHe κ nncnepciiH 0,1 - 100 HacTeft Ha mhjijihoh He nonBepraBmerocii ολβηγοβοη ηβφορΜΒΗΗΗ BOnOpaCTBOpHMOTO pa3BeTBJieHHOTO nOJIHMepHOTO ΗβΗΟΗΗΟΓΟ φjioKKyjiHHTa, BKJiioHaiomero no MeHbmeii Mepe o/ihh ηθηοηημη MOHOMep c Λβοηηοη CBH3bK> h conepacamero pa3BeTBJiHioinee cpencTBO b KOJinnecTBe 4 -80 MOJinpHbix HacTeft Ha mhjijihoh b nepecneTe Ha HanajībHoe conepjKaHHe MOHOMepa, ΗΜββτ B«3KocTb b pacTBope no MeHbinen Mepe 1,9 Mīla npn 3 H3MepeHHH b BHCK03HMeTpe ΒργκφΗΛ/^ c UL-nepexo,AHHKOM πρκ 25 °C, KOHiļeHTpaiļHH nojiHMepa 0,1 % Macc, b 1 M NaCl h 60 o6./mhh, h (b) o6e3BO>KHBaHHe CMecn zmcnepcHH cycneH^HpoBaHHbix TBep/ibix BemecTB h ΠΟ/IHMepHOrO φΛΟΚΚγΛΗΗΤΒ. 4

Claims (8)

  1. LV 10964 Izgudrojuma formula 1. Paņēmiens bīdes deformācijai nepakļauta ūdenī šķīstoša sazarota katjonu polimēra flokulanta ar šķīduma viskozitāti ne mazāku par 1,8 mPa, mērot to Brukfīlda viskozimetrā ar UL pāreju pie 25 °C un 60 apgr/min, ar polimēra koncentrāciju 0,1 masas % 1M NaCI šķīdumā iegūšanai, kas atšķiras ar to, ka veic viena vai vairāku ūdenī šķīstošu katjonu monomēru ar divkāršo saiti polimerizāciju vismaz viena sazarošanas aģenta klātienē, ņemot to 4 - 80 mola miljonās daļas no sākotnējā monomēra daudzuma, pievienojot vismaz vienu kinētiskās ķēdes pāmesēju tādā daudzumā, kas ir pietiekošs, lai sazarotā polimērā flokulanta šķīdība ūdenī pārsniegtu 20 %.
  2. 2. Paņēmiens pēc 1. punkta, kas atšķiras ar to, ka polimērais flokulants ir polimērs, kas iegūts no viena vai vairākiem monomēriem ar divkāršo saiti, kuri ņemti no grupas: akrilamīds, metakrilamīds, N-alkilakrilamīds, N,N-dial-kilakrilamīds, N-vinilmetilacetamīds, N-vinilmetilformamīds, vinilacetāts, N-vinil-pirolidons, Ν,Ν-dialkilaminoalkilakrilāts vai metakrilāts un tā ceturtējās sālis vai sālis ar skābēm, Ν,Ν-dialkilaminoakrilamīds vai metakrilamīds un tā ceturtējās sālis vai sālis ar skābēm, diallildimetilamonija sālis ar skābēm. 1
  3. 3. Paņēmiens pēc 1. punkta, kas atšķiras ar to, ka polimērais flokulants ir polimērs, kas veidots no akrilamida un vismaz viena katjonu monomēra.
  4. 4. Paņēmiens ūdens atdalīšanai no cietu suspendētu daļiņu dispersijas, kas atšķiras ar to, ka: (a) dispersijai, kas satur 0,1 - 50 000 cieto disperģēto daļiņu uz miljonu, pievieno bīdes deformācijai nepakļauta ūdenī šķīstoša sazarota katjonu polimēra flokulanta ar šķīduma viskozitāti ne mazāku par 1,8 mPa, mērot to Brukfīlda viskozimetrā ar UL pāreju pie 25 °C un 60 apgr/min, ar polimēra koncentrāciju 0,1 masas % 1M NaCI šķīdumā, kura šķīdības koeficients ūdenī ir ap 30 % un sazarojošā aģenta saturs ir 4 - 80 mola miljono daļu, skaitot uz sākotnējo monomēra masu; (b) atūdeņo cieto suspendēto daļiņu dispersijas un polimērā flokulanta maisījumu.
  5. 5. Paņēmiens pēc 2. punkta, kas atšķiras ar to, ka polimērais flokulants ir polimērs, kas iegūts no viena vai vairākiem monomēriem ar divkāršo saiti, kuri ņemti no grupas: akrilamīds, metakrilamīds, N-alkilakrilamīds, N,N-dial-kilakrilamīds, N-vinilmetilacetamīds, N-vinilmetilformamīds, vinilacetāts, N-vinil-pirolidons, Ν,Ν-dialkilaminoalkilakrilāts vai metakrilāts un tā ceturtējās sālis vai sālis ar skābēm, Ν,Ν-dialkilaminoakrilamīds vai metakrilamīds un tā ceturtējās sālis vai sālis ar skābēm, diallildimetilamonija sālis ar skābēm.
  6. 6. Paņēmiens bīdes deformācijai nepakļauta ūdenī šķīstoša sazarota nejonu polimēra flokulanta, kurš satur vismaz vienu sazarošanas aģentu 4 -80 mola miljonās daļas no sākotnējās monomēra masas, iegūšanai kas atšķiras ar to, ka veic viena vai vairāku ūdenī šķīstošu nejonu monomēru ar divkāršo saiti polimerizāciju vismaz viena sazarošanas aģenta klātienē, ņemot to 4 - 80 mola miljonās daļas no sākotnējās monomēra masas, un pievienojot vienu kinētiskās ķēdes pārnesēju tādā daudzumā, kas ir pietiekošs, lai sazarotā polimērā flokulanta šķīduma viskozitāte būtu ne 2 LV 10964 mazāka par 1,8 mPa, mērot to Brukfīlda viskozimetra ar UL pāreju pie 25 °C un 60 apgr/min, ar polimēra koncentrāciju 0,1 masas % 1M NaCI šķīdumā.
  7. 7. Paņēmiens pēc 6. punkta, kas atšķiras ar to, ka polimērais flokulants ir polimērs, kas iegūts no viena vai vairākiem nejonu monomēriem ar divkāršo saiti, kas ņemti no grupas: akrilamīds, metakrilamīds, alkilakrilamīds, N,N-dial-kilakrilamīds, N-vinilpirolidons vai to maisījumi.
  8. 8. Paņēmiens ūdens atdalīšanai no cietu suspendētu daļiņu dispersijas, kas atšķiras ar to, ka : (a) dispersijai, kas satur 0,1 - 100 cieto disperģēto daļiņu uz miljonu, pievieno bīdes deformācijai nepakļauta ūdenī šķīstoša sazarota nejonu polimēra flokulanta, kurā izmantots vismaz viens nejonu monomērs ar divkāršo saiti un sazarojošā aģenta saturs ir 4 - 80 mola miljono daļu, skaitot uz sākotnējo monomēra masu, ar šķīduma viskozitāti ne mazāku par 1,8 mPa, mērot to Brukfīlda viskozimetrā ar UL pāreju pie 25 °C un 60 apgr/min, ar polimēra koncentrāciju 0,1 masas % 1M NaCI šķīdumā; (b) atūdeņo cieto suspendēto daļiņu dispersijas un polimērā flokulanta maisījumu. 3
LVP-93-1090A 1988-12-19 1993-09-24 Process for producing of water soluble anionically polymeric floculante LV10964B (en)

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