JPWO2017154653A1 - 希土類薄膜磁石及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
希土類薄膜磁石及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910017144 Fe—Si—O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 30
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 27
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004549 pulsed laser deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910007269 Si2P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910016006 MoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
1)Nd、Fe、Bを必須成分とする希土類薄膜磁石であって、表面に酸化膜が存在するSi基板上にNd下地膜を第1層として備え、前記第1層の上にNd−Fe−B膜を第2層として備えることを特徴とする希土類薄膜磁石。
2)前記第2層のNd−Fe−Bの組成(原子数比)が0.120≦Nd/(Nd+Fe)<0.150の条件式を満たすことを特徴とする上記1)記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
3)前記第1層の膜厚が0.2μm以上5.0μm以下であることを特徴とする上記1)又は2)に記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
4)前記第2層の膜厚が5μm以上50μm以下であることを特徴とする上記1)〜3)のいずれか一に記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
5)前記酸化膜が熱酸化膜であることを特徴とする上記1)〜4)のいずれか一に記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
6)前記Si基板と前記Nd下地膜の間にFe−Si−Oからなる層を備えることを特徴とする上記1)〜5)のいずれか一に記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
7)残留磁化が0.55T以上であること特徴とする上記1)〜6)のいずれか一に記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
8)保磁力が210kA/m以上であることを特徴とする上記1)〜7)のいずれか一に記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
9)最大エネルギー積(BH)maxが36kJ/m3以上であることを特徴とする上記1)〜8)のいずれか一に記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
10)Si基板上に酸化膜を形成し、次いで、パルスレーザーデポジション法により、前記Si基板上にNd下地膜の第1層を形成した後、Nd−Fe−B膜の第2層を形成し、その後、熱処理することを特徴とする希土類薄膜の製造方法。
11)前記熱処理は、500℃以上800℃以下で行うことを特徴とする上記10)に記載の希土類薄膜の製造方法。
まず、熱酸化膜が形成されたSi基板を用意する。次に、このSi基板をパルスレーザーデポジション装置内に設置すると共に、基板に対向させるようにしてNdターゲットとNd2Fe14B1ターゲットを設置する。次に、チャンバー内を真空度が(2〜8)×10−5Paとなるまで排気した後、まず、Ndターゲットに集光レンズを通してレーザーを照射して、Nd下地膜を形成する。
降温時に働く応力の影響の方が、昇温時に比べて大きいものと考えられる。
純度99.9%、相対密度99%のNd2.0Fe14Bターゲットと、純度99.9%、相対密度99%のNdターゲットを準備し、基板には、厚さ622μm、5mm角の表面を熱酸化処理した単結晶Si(100)を用いた。ここで、熱酸化膜はSi基板を酸素雰囲気中で800℃の温度で加熱することにより形成させた。酸化膜の厚さは、アルバック・ファイ株式会社製PHI5000 Versa Probe IIの装置を用い、イオン種がAr+、加速電圧3kV、SiO2換算で9.5nm/分のレートで表面からスパッタを行って、Si2PとO1Sの各スペクトルのピーク強度を深さ方向で分析することにより求めた。この結果を図2に示す。この図から熱酸化膜の膜厚は約515nmと判断した。
次に、これらをパルスレーザーデポジション装置の所定の位置に装着した後、チャンバー内を真空に排気して、10−5Paの真空度に到達したことを確認後、約11rpmで回転させたターゲットに繰り返し周波数30HzのNd:YAGレーザー(発振波長:355nm)を照射し、ターゲット物質をアブレーションして基板上に成膜した。このとき、ターゲットと基板との距離を10mmとして、ターゲット表面でのレーザー強度密度を4J/cm2程度とした。このようにして、熱酸化膜が形成されたSi基板上にNd膜を0.21μm成膜し、その上に連続して原子数比でNd/(Nd+Fe)=0.120のNd−Fe−Bアモルファス膜を18.6μm成膜した。
実施例2〜10は、実施例1と同様の条件で、熱酸化膜が形成されたSi基板上にNd下地膜を形成した後、組成が原子数比で0.120≦Nd/(Nd+Fe)<0.150の条件式を満たすNd−Fe−B膜を成膜し、その後、パルス熱処理を施して結晶化膜とした。このとき、実施例において、Nd下地膜とNd−Fe−B膜の膜厚をそれぞれ変化させた。
次に、それぞれの薄膜について、パルス着磁を施して、希土類薄膜磁石を作製した。得られた希土類薄膜磁石について、実施例1と同様、膜の剥離や磁気特性などを調べた。その結果を表1に示す。表1に示す通り、実施例2〜10はいずれも膜剥離や基板内破壊がなく、良好な磁気特性を示した。
参考までに、実施例8の希土類薄膜磁石の界面TEM写真を図3に示し、B−H特性を図4に示す。図3に示すようにFe−Si−O層がSi基板とNd下地膜の間(Si基板と熱酸化膜の界面近傍、熱酸化膜中、熱酸化膜とNd下地膜との界面近傍)に形成されている。これは、パルス熱処理による、Nd−Fe−B膜からNd下地膜を介してSi基板側へのFeの拡散によるものと考えられ、Si基板と積層膜との密着性の向上に寄与していると考えられる。
比較例1は、実施例1と同様の条件で、熱酸化膜が形成されたSi基板にNd下地膜を形成せず、厚さ18.2μmであって、原子数比でNd/(Nd+Fe)=0.125のNd−Fe−B膜を成膜し、その後、パルス熱処理を施して、結晶化膜とした。次に、この薄膜について、パルス着磁を施して、希土類薄膜磁石を作製した。このようにして得られた希土類薄膜磁石について、実施例1と同様の方法で、ダイシングにより5×5mm角の試料を、2.5×2.5mmへと四分割するように切削加工を行ったが、膜が剥離し、磁気特性を調べることができなかった。
比較例2は、実施例1と同様の条件で、熱酸化膜が形成されたSi基板上に膜厚0.5μmのNd下地膜を形成した後、厚さ13.5μmであって、原子数比でNd/(Nd+Fe)=0.118と、Nd組成が化学量論組成より不足した(Nd−poor)Nd−Fe−B膜を成膜し、その後、パルス熱処理を施して、結晶化膜とした。次に、この薄膜について、パルス着磁を施して、希土類薄膜磁石を作製した。このようにして得られた希土類薄膜磁石について、実施例1と同様、磁気特性などを調べた。その結果保磁力、残留磁化、(BH)maxは、それぞれ210kA/m、0.10T、15kJ/m3と磁気特性が著しく低下することが確認された。なお、ダイシングにより5×5mm角の試料を、2.5×2.5mmへと四分割するように切削加工を行ったが、膜の剥離や基板内破壊は認められなかった。
比較例3は、実施例1と同様の条件で、熱酸化膜が形成されたSi基板上に膜厚5.1μmのNd下地膜を形成した後、厚さ13.2μmであって、原子数比でNd/(Nd+Fe)=0.123のNd−Fe−B膜を成膜し、その後、パルス熱処理を施して、結晶化膜とした。次に、この薄膜について、パルス着磁を施して、希土類薄膜磁石を作製した。このようにして得られた希土類薄膜磁石について、実施例1と同様の方法で、ダイシングにより5×5mm角の試料を、2.5×2.5mmへと四分割するように切削加工を行ったが、膜の一部が剥離し、磁気特性を調べることができなかった。
なお、比較例3のようにNd下地膜を厚く堆積した場合には、Nd−Fe−B膜からSi基板側への、パルス熱処理によるFeの拡散が不十分となり、Si基板とNd下地膜の間にFe−Si−Oからなる密着層の十分に形成できなかったために、膜の一部に剥離が生じたものと考えられる。
比較例4は、実施例1と同様の条件で、熱酸化膜が形成されたSi基板上に膜厚1.1μmのNd下地膜を形成した後、厚さ52.0μmであって、原子数比でNd/(Nd+Fe)=0.135のNd−Fe−B膜を成膜し、その後、パルス熱処理を施して、結晶化膜とした。次に、この薄膜について、パルス着磁を施して、希土類薄膜磁石を作製した。このようにして得られた希土類薄膜磁石について、実施例1と同様の方法で、ダイシングにより5×5mm角の試料を、2.5×2.5mmへと四分割するように切削加工を行ったが、膜の一部が剥離し、磁気特性を調べることができなかった。
なお、比較例4のようにNd−Fe−B膜の膜厚が50μm超と厚い場合には、Nd下地膜があっても、上記Fe−Si−Oからなる密着層の厚さに対して、Nd−Fe−B膜の厚みの割合が大きくなり過ぎ、機械的強度の関係上、剥離や基板の破壊を抑制しきれなかったものと考えられる。
Claims (11)
- Nd、Fe、Bを必須成分とする希土類薄膜磁石であって、表面に酸化膜が存在するSi基板上にNd下地膜を第1層として備え、前記第1層の上にNd−Fe−B膜を第2層として備えることを特徴とする希土類薄膜磁石。
- 前記第2層のNd−Fe−Bの組成(原子数比)が0.120≦Nd/(Nd+Fe)<0.150の条件式を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
- 前記第1層の膜厚が0.2μm以上5.0μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
- 前記第2層の膜厚が5μm以上50μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
- 前記酸化膜が熱酸化膜であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
- 前記Si基板と前記Nd下地膜の間にFe−Si−Oからなる層を備えることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
- 残留磁化が0.55T以上であること特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
- 保磁力が210kA/m以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
- 最大エネルギー積(BH)maxが36kJ/m3以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
- Si基板上に酸化膜を形成し、次いで、レーザーパルスデポジション法により、前記Si基板上にNd下地膜の第1層を形成した後、Nd−Fe−B膜の第2層を形成し、その後、熱処理することを特徴とする希土類薄膜の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理は、500℃以上800℃以下で行うことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の希土類薄膜の製造方法。
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