WO2015186389A1 - 希土類薄膜磁石及びその製造方法並びに希土類薄膜磁石形成用ターゲット - Google Patents
希土類薄膜磁石及びその製造方法並びに希土類薄膜磁石形成用ターゲット Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rare earth thin film magnet formed by a pulse laser deposition method (PLD method), a method for manufacturing the same, and a target for producing the rare earth thin film magnet.
- PLD method pulse laser deposition method
- Nd-Fe-B magnets have the highest maximum energy product among existing magnets, so MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) and energy harvesting (energy harvesting), etc. Applications to the energy field and medical device field are expected.
- Non-Patent Literature Physical Vapor Deposition
- Patent Document 2 has an excellent composition transfer property between a target and a film by a laser ablation method using a pulsed YAG laser, and Nd is higher in film formation speed by one digit or more than a sputtering method. It is described that an Nd—Fe—B-based thin film mainly composed of 2 Fe 14 B phase can be obtained.
- Non-Patent Document 4 It has been reported that a magnet of a rare-earth thin film manufactured by such a method has values of coercive force: about 1000 kA / m, remanent magnetization: 0.6 T, and maximum energy product (BH) max : 60 kJ / m 3 .
- Non-Patent Document 4 the remanent magnetization and the maximum energy product are still not practical magnetic properties, and are not sufficient to drive small motors, for example, so there is a strong demand for further improvement of magnetic properties. ing.
- a nanocomposite structure in which an ⁇ -Fe soft magnetic phase and an Nd 2 Fe 14 B hard magnetic phase are combined is effective.
- the thin-film magnet of this structure has a soft magnetic phase and a hard magnetic phase each having crystal grains of several nanometers to several tens of nanometers in the thin film structure, and exchange-couples the magnetic properties of both phases. Magnetization reversal of the soft magnetic phase in a low magnetic field is prevented, and it can behave as if it is a single hard magnetic phase.
- the types of nanocomposite films include what are called multi-layered nanocomposite films, in which ⁇ -Fe soft magnetic phases and Nd 2 Fe 14 B hard magnetic phases are alternately stacked two-dimensionally, There are two types of dispersion nano-composite films in which an ⁇ -Fe soft magnetic phase and an Nd 2 Fe 14 B hard magnetic phase are randomly dispersed three-dimensionally.
- 800 layers of Nd 2 Fe 14 B / ⁇ -Fe are periodically laminated by the pulse laser deposition method to form a multilayer film having a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m, and the maximum energy product is thereby increased. It has been disclosed that 90 kJ / m 3 has been achieved (Non-patent Document 5).
- the nanocomposite film produced by this method deposits droplets peculiar to pulsed laser deposition on the film surface, resulting in unevenness. Therefore, as the number of layers increases, the interface between the soft magnetic phase and the hard magnetic phase increases. The steepness of the composition change gradually decreases, and as a result, there is a concern about deterioration of the magnetic properties of the thin film.
- Non-Patent Document 6 describes that a dispersed nanocomposite film of Nd 2 Fe 14 B / ⁇ -Fe is formed and heat-treated by magnetron sputtering (Non-Patent Document 6).
- the dispersed nanocomposite film produced by this method has not yet obtained sufficient magnetic properties.
- the present invention relates to a rare earth thin film magnet having a nanocomposite structure in which ⁇ -Fe phases and Nd 2 Fe 14 B phases are alternately arranged three-dimensionally, having good magnetic properties and excellent mass productivity and reproducibility, and It is an object of the present invention to provide a production method and a target for producing a rare earth thin film magnet.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research, and as a result, by optimizing the composition of the target and the pulse laser intensity density used in film formation by the pulse laser deposition method, From this single target, it was found that a rare earth thin film having a nanocomposite structure in which ⁇ -Fe phases and Nd 2 Fe 14 B phases are alternately arranged three-dimensionally can be formed.
- the nanocomposite structure means that the ⁇ -Fe phase, which is a soft magnetic phase with high magnetization, and the Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase, which is a hard magnetic phase that exhibits coercive force, have an average crystal grain size on the order of several tens of nanometers. This means a three-dimensionally arranged structure.
- a schematic diagram of the structure is shown in FIG.
- a rare-earth thin film magnet containing Nd, Fe, and B as essential components having a structure in which ⁇ -Fe phases and Nd 2 Fe 14 B phases are alternately arranged three-dimensionally, and an average crystal grain size of each phase
- a target for forming a rare earth thin film magnet characterized by comprising Nd x Fe 14 B (where X is a number satisfying 1.8 to 2.7).
- a step of depositing a rare earth thin film by a pulse laser deposition method using the target described in 3) or 4) above, a step of heat-treating the deposited rare earth thin film to crystallize, and attaching a crystallized rare earth thin film A method of producing a rare earth thin film magnet by magnetizing the rare earth thin film magnet.
- a rare-earth thin film magnet having a nanocomposite structure in which ⁇ -Fe phases and Nd 2 Fe 14 B phases are alternately arranged three-dimensionally can be produced by a pulse laser deposition method. And the obtained rare earth thin film magnet has the outstanding effect that a favorable magnetic characteristic is shown.
- the present invention can stably form the nanocomposite rare earth thin-film magnet from a single target composed of a single phase, so that it is possible to improve productivity from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost.
- FIG. 4 is an MH characteristic diagram of the rare-earth thin film magnet of Example 1.
- 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a rare-earth thin film magnet before and after heat treatment in Example 1.
- FIG. It is a SAD (Selected area area difference) figure corresponding to the TEM bright field image of the structure
- FIG. 4 is a distribution diagram of ⁇ -Fe crystal grains and Nd 2 Fe 14 B crystal grains in the rare-earth thin film magnet of Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is an MH characteristic diagram of the rare-earth thin film magnet of Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is an MH characteristic diagram of the rare-earth thin film magnet of Example 3.
- the rare earth thin film magnet of the present invention contains Nd (neodymium), Fe (iron) and B (boron) as essential components, and as shown in FIG. 1, an ⁇ -Fe phase (black portion in FIG. 1) and Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase (gray part in FIG. 1) has a nanocomposite structure with a three-dimensionally alternating structure, and the average crystal grain size of ⁇ -Fe phase and Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase is 10-30 nm It is characterized by being.
- the ⁇ -Fe phase approaches the superparamagnetic state when it is less than 10 nm.
- the average crystal grain size exceeds 30 nm, the exchange coupling with the Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase is lowered, and the grain boundary between ⁇ -Fe crystal grains of the soft magnetic phase that plays a role of pinning effect of magnetization reversal
- the coercive force decreases because of the decrease and the abundance ratio of the grain boundary between the ⁇ -Fe crystal grains and the Nd 2 Fe 14 B crystal grains. Therefore, the average crystal grain size of the ⁇ -Fe phase is within the above numerical range.
- the single-domain crystal grain size of the Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase is about 240 nm, it is assumed that the single-domain crystal grain size is equal to or smaller than the single-domain crystal grain size. Since the diameter is 10 to 30 nm, when the average crystal grain size is larger than this, an irregularity occurs with the ⁇ -Fe phase and the exchange coupling is lowered. Therefore, the average crystal grain size of the Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase is set to the above numerical range.
- the average crystal grain size of each phase is determined for the structure in which the ⁇ -Fe phase and the Nd 2 Fe 14 B amorphous phase are prepared by the pulse laser deposition method, and then the Nd 2 Fe 14 B amorphous phase is crystallized by heat treatment. Observation is performed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the short axis diameter of the dark field image of the streak structure obtained by the TEM observation is taken as the short axis diameter to obtain a distribution. The length of the shaft diameter is calculated and obtained as the arithmetic average diameter (number average diameter).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the rare-earth thin film magnet of the present invention is characterized in that the film thickness is 5 ⁇ m or more and the maximum energy product (BH) max is 90 kJ / m 3 or more.
- the reason why the film thickness is 5 ⁇ m or more is because (1) it is necessary to generate a magnetic field in a certain area when applied to a small electronic device, and (2) the in-plane direction length and the perpendicular direction length (film thickness) This is because it becomes difficult to extract a sufficient magnetic field from the film surface to the outside in the vertical direction due to the influence of the demagnetizing field. It is known that an ideal dimension ratio (aspect ratio) is about 1: 1.
- the maximum energy product (BH) max can be 90 kJ / m 3 or more.
- the target for forming a rare earth thin film magnet of the present invention is characterized by being made of NdxFe 14 B (where X is a number satisfying 1.8 to 2.7). If the X is less than 1.8, the residual magnetization value always shows a high value exceeding 1.0 T, but the volume fraction of the Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase decreases, so that exchange coupling with the ⁇ -Fe phase occurs. Decreases, and the coercive force decreases to less than 200 kA / m. On the other hand, when X exceeds 2.7, the volume fraction of the Fe phase decreases, and Nd, which is a surplus nonmagnetic component, remains, resulting in a decrease in residual magnetization or a deterioration in exchange coupling properties. Arise. Therefore, the X is in the above numerical range.
- the rare earth thin film magnet of the present invention can be produced, for example, as follows.
- a target having an Nd 2.4 Fe 14 B composition is mounted on a pulse laser deposition apparatus.
- the target is irradiated with laser through a condenser lens.
- an Nd: YAG laser oscillation wavelength: 355 nm, repetition frequency 30 Hz
- the intensity density of the laser is 1 to 1000 J / cm 2 .
- the laser intensity density is less than 1 J / cm 2 , a large amount of droplets are generated when the laser irradiates the target, resulting in a decrease in density and a deterioration in magnetic properties.
- it exceeds 1000 J / cm 2 etching of the target due to laser irradiation occurs remarkably, and an undesirable phenomenon such as the ablation phenomenon stopping occurs.
- a thin film having a nanocomposite structure in which the ⁇ -Fe phase and the Nd—Fe—B amorphous phase are three-dimensionally dispersed and alternately arranged can be formed.
- the substrate Ta, Ti, W, Mo, Zr, or Nb having a high melting point can be used.
- Ta and Ti having a high oxygen getter effect are effective, and the above elements can be used as a buffer layer in a Si substrate, a quartz glass substrate, or the like.
- metal substrates with high magnetic permeability such as Fe, Co, Ni, and alloys thereof in view of application to a millimeter size motor can be used.
- the thin film thus formed is in a state in which ⁇ -Fe fine crystal grains are three-dimensionally dispersed and arranged in the Nd—Fe—B amorphous matrix. Therefore, it is necessary to crystallize the Nd—Fe—B amorphous matrix by performing heat treatment under conditions of an output of 7 to 9 kW and a time of 1 to 5 seconds after film formation.
- the heat treatment with an output of less than 7 kW and a time of less than 1 second, it becomes difficult to crystallize the Nd—Fe—B amorphous phase in the film, or a large amount of the amorphous phase remains.
- the heat treatment conditions are such that the output is 7 to 9 kW and the time is 1 to 5 seconds.
- a rare earth thin film magnet can be produced by subjecting this thin film to pulse magnetization with a magnetic field of 7T, for example.
- the magnetizing method is not particularly limited, and a known magnetizing method can be used.
- a rare earth thin film magnet having a nanocomposite structure of the ⁇ -Fe phase and the Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase of the present invention can be manufactured.
- Example 1 A Nd 2.4 Fe 14 B target having a purity of 99.9% (3N) and a relative density of 99% was mounted on a pulse laser deposition apparatus, and the inside of the chamber was evacuated to a vacuum. Next, after confirming that the vacuum degree of 10 ⁇ 5 Pa was reached, a target rotated at about 6.5 rpm was repeatedly irradiated with an Nd: YAG laser (oscillation wavelength: 355 nm) with a frequency of 30 Hz, Ablation was performed to form a composite film composed of a streaky ⁇ -Fe crystal phase and a Nd—Fe—B amorphous matrix on a Ta substrate with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more.
- Nd YAG laser
- the distance between the target and the substrate was 10 mm
- the laser intensity was 4 W
- the laser beam was condensed on the target surface through a condenser lens, so that the laser intensity density on the target surface was about 10 J / cm 2 .
- a pulse annealing treatment heat treatment temperature of about 500 to 800 ° C.
- pulse magnetization was applied with a magnetic field of 7T to produce a rare-earth thin film magnet.
- a micrometer was used for the film thickness evaluation, and EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) was used for the composition analysis.
- FIG. 2 shows the MH characteristics of the rare earth thin film magnet of Example 1. As shown in FIG. 1, good results were obtained with a residual magnetization of 1.04 T, a coercive force of 426 kA / m, and (BH) max of 108 kJ / m 3 .
- X-ray diffraction patterns of the rare earth thin film before and after the heat treatment are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the ⁇ -Fe phase after film formation is crystallized, but the Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase is an amorphous phase. Further, it was confirmed that the Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase was crystallized by the heat treatment.
- FIG. 5 shows the distribution of ⁇ -Fe crystal grains and Nd 2 Fe 12 B crystal grains.
- the former is a measurement result with an N number of 1044
- the latter is a measurement result with an N number of 339. From this figure, the average crystal grain size of the ⁇ -Fe phase was about 17 nm, and the average crystal grain size of the Nd 2 Fe 12 B phase was about 14 nm.
- Example 2 An Nd 1.8 Fe 14 B target having a purity of 99.9% (3N) and a relative density of 99% was mounted on a pulse laser deposition apparatus, and the inside of the chamber was evacuated to a vacuum. Next, after confirming that the vacuum degree of 10 ⁇ 5 Pa was reached, a target rotated at about 6.5 rpm was repeatedly irradiated with an Nd: YAG laser (oscillation wavelength: 355 nm) with a frequency of 30 Hz, Ablation was performed to form an Nd—Fe—B-based amorphous film with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more on the Ta substrate.
- Nd YAG laser
- the distance between the target and the substrate was 10 mm
- the laser intensity was 4 W
- the laser beam was condensed on the target surface through a condenser lens, so that the laser intensity density on the target surface was 10 J / cm 2 .
- a pulse annealing treatment heat treatment temperature of about 500 to 800 ° C.
- pulse magnetization was applied with a magnetic field of 7T to produce a rare-earth thin film magnet.
- a micrometer was used for the film thickness evaluation, and EDX was used for the composition analysis.
- the magnetic properties of the rare earth thin film magnet thus produced were evaluated using VSM.
- Example 6 shows the MH characteristics of the rare-earth thin film magnet of Example 2. As shown in FIG. 6, good results were obtained with a residual magnetization of about 0.99 T, a coercive force of 386 kA / m, and (BH) max of 91 kJ / m 3 . Next, the structure of the rare earth thin film after heat treatment was observed using TEM. As a result of measuring the crystal grain size using the same method as in Example 1, the average crystal grain size of the ⁇ -Fe phase was about 16 nm, and the average crystal grain size of the Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase was about 14 nm.
- Example 3 An Nd 2.6 Fe 14 B target having a purity of 99.9% (3N) and a relative density of 99% was mounted on a pulse laser deposition apparatus, and the inside of the chamber was evacuated to a vacuum. Next, after confirming that the vacuum degree of 10 ⁇ 5 Pa was reached, a target rotated at about 6.5 rpm was repeatedly irradiated with an Nd: YAG laser (oscillation wavelength: 355 nm) with a frequency of 30 Hz, Ablation was performed to form an Nd—Fe—B-based amorphous film with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more on the Ta substrate.
- Nd YAG laser (oscillation wavelength: 355 nm) with a frequency of 30 Hz
- the distance between the target and the substrate was 10 mm
- the laser intensity was 4 W
- the laser beam was condensed on the target surface through a condenser lens, so that the laser intensity density on the target surface was 10 J / cm 2 .
- a pulse annealing treatment heat treatment temperature of about 500 to 800 ° C.
- pulse magnetization was applied with a magnetic field of 7T to produce a rare-earth thin film magnet.
- a micrometer was used for the film thickness evaluation, and EDX was used for the composition analysis.
- the magnetic properties of the rare earth thin film magnet thus produced were evaluated using VSM.
- Example 7 shows the MH characteristics of the rare-earth thin film magnet of Example 3.
- the remanent magnetization was about 1.05 T
- the coercive force was 446 kA / m
- (BH) max was 128 kJ / m 3 .
- the structure of the rare earth thin film after heat treatment was observed using TEM.
- the average crystal grain size of the ⁇ -Fe phase was about 18 nm
- the average crystal grain size of the Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase was about 15 nm.
- the distance between the target and the substrate was 10 mm
- the laser intensity was 4 W
- the laser beam was condensed on the target surface through a condenser lens, so that the laser intensity density on the target surface was 1 J / cm 2 .
- a pulse annealing treatment heat treatment temperature of about 500 to 800 ° C.
- pulse magnetization was applied with a magnetic field of 7T to produce a rare-earth thin film magnet.
- a micrometer was used for the film thickness evaluation, and EDX was used for the composition analysis.
- the magnetic properties of the rare earth thin film magnet thus produced were evaluated using VSM.
- the residual magnetization was about 0.8 T
- the coercive force was 300 kA / m
- (BH) max was 60 kJ / m 3 at the maximum, which was inferior to the examples.
- the structure of the rare earth thin film after heat treatment was observed using TEM. As a result, it was confirmed that the ⁇ -Fe phase and the Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase exist in a dispersed state in a range exceeding several tens nm to 100 nm.
- the droplets released from the target were remarkably large, resulting in surface smoothness and density deterioration.
- the distance between the target and the substrate was 10 mm
- the laser intensity was 4 W
- the laser beam was condensed on the target surface through a condenser lens, so that the laser intensity density on the target surface was about 1 J / cm 2 .
- a pulse annealing treatment heat treatment temperature of about 500 to 800 ° C.
- pulse magnetization was applied with a magnetic field of 7T to produce a rare-earth thin film magnet.
- a micrometer was used for the film thickness evaluation, and EDX was used for the composition analysis.
- the magnetic properties of the rare earth thin film magnet thus produced were evaluated using VSM.
- the residual magnetization is 0.9 T
- the coercive force is 400 kA / m
- (BH) max is 100 kJ / m 3 which is similar to that of the first embodiment, but its squareness is significantly inferior to that of the first embodiment. I confirmed that. In addition, it was confirmed that the amount of droplets released from the target was remarkably larger than that of the Examples, resulting in surface smoothness and deterioration of density.
- the rare earth thin film magnet having a nanocomposite structure in which ⁇ -Fe phase and Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase are alternately arranged three-dimensionally produced by the pulse laser deposition method of the present invention has good magnetic properties. (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems), Energy Harvest (Energy Generation) and other magnetic devices that are applied in the field of energy and medical equipment.
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Abstract
Description
1)Nd、Fe、Bを必須成分とする希土類薄膜磁石であって、α-Fe相とNd2Fe14B相とが三次元的に交互配列した組織からなり、各相の平均結晶粒径が10~30nmであることを特徴とする希土類薄膜磁石。
2)膜厚が5μm以上であり、最大エネルギー積(BH)maxが90kJ/m3以上、130kJ/m3以下であることを特徴とする上記1)記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
3)NdxFe14B(但し、Xは1.8~2.7を満たす数)からなることを特徴とする希土類薄膜磁石形成用ターゲット。
4)Nd、Fe、Bを必須成分とし、α-Fe相とNd2Fe14B相とが三次元的に交互配列した組織からなり、各相の平均結晶粒径が10~30nmである希土類薄膜磁石を、パルスレーザーデポジション法によって形成するための上記3)記載の希土類薄膜磁石形成用ターゲット。
5)上記3)又は4)に記載のターゲットを用いてパルスレーザーデポジション法により希土類薄膜を成膜する工程、成膜した希土類薄膜を熱処理して結晶化させる工程、結晶化した希土類薄膜を着磁して希土類薄膜磁石を作製する工程、とからなることを特徴とする希土類薄膜磁石の製造方法。
6)希土類薄膜を成膜する工程において、パルスレーザー強度密度を1~1000J/cm2とすることを特徴とする上記5)記載の希土類薄膜磁石の製造方法。
7)希土類薄膜を結晶化させる工程において、7~9kW、時間が1~5秒の条件で熱処理することを特徴とする上記5)又は6)に記載の希土類薄膜磁石の製造方法。
また、Nd2Fe14B相の単磁区結晶粒サイズが240nm程度であるため、単磁区結晶粒サイズ以下であることが前提であると共に、前述の通り、隣り合うα-Fe相の平均結晶粒径が10~30nmであるため、これ以上の大きさの平均結晶粒径では、α-Fe相と不揃いが発生して交換結合が低下する。したがって、Nd2Fe14B相の平均結晶粒径は上記の数値範囲とする。
Nd2.4Fe14B組成のターゲットをパルスレーザーデポジション装置に装着する。次に、チャンバー内を真空度が10-5Paとなるまで排気した後、前記ターゲットに集光レンズを通してレーザーを照射する。レーザーには、Nd:YAGレーザー(発振波長:355nm、繰り返し周波数30Hz)を使用することができる。レーザーの強度密度は1~1000 J/cm2とする。レーザー強度密度が1J/cm2未満であると、レーザーがターゲットに照射した際、ドロプレットが大量発生して、密度の低下、ひいては磁気特性の劣化が生じる。一方、1000 J/cm2を超えると、レーザー照射によるターゲットのエッチングが著しく生じ,アブレーション現象が停止するなどの好ましくない現象が生じる。
純度が99.9%(3N)、相対密度が99%のNd2.4Fe14Bターゲットをパルスレーザーデポジション装置に装着し、チャンバー内を真空に排気した。次に、10-5Paの真空度に到達したことを確認した後、約6.5rpmで回転させたターゲットに繰り返し周波数30HzのNd:YAGレーザー(発振波長:355nm)を照射し、ターゲット物質をアブレーションして、Ta基板上に筋状のα-Fe結晶相とNd-Fe-B系アモルファス母相とからなるコンポジット膜を厚さ10μm以上とし成膜した。このときターゲットと基板との距離を10mm、レーザー強度を4Wとし、レーザービームを集光レンズを通してターゲット表面に集光させることで、ターゲット表面でのレーザー強度密度を10 J/cm2程度とした。次に、出力8kW、約2秒間パルスアニーリング処理(熱処理温度500~800 ℃程度)を行って、Nd-Fe-B系アモルファス相を結晶化させた。その後、磁界7Tでパルス着磁を施して、希土類薄膜磁石を作製した。なお、膜厚評価にはマイクロメーターを使用し、組成分析にはEDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy)を用いた。
純度が99.9%(3N)、相対密度が99%のNd1.8Fe14Bターゲットをパルスレーザーデポジション装置に装着し、チャンバー内を真空に排気した。次に、10-5Paの真空度に到達したことを確認した後、約6.5rpmで回転させたターゲットに繰り返し周波数30HzのNd:YAGレーザー(発振波長:355nm)を照射し、ターゲット物質をアブレーションして、Ta基板上にNd-Fe-B系アモルファス膜を厚さ10μm以上で成膜した。このときターゲットと基板との距離を10mm、レーザー強度を4Wとし、レーザービームを集光レンズを通してターゲット表面に集光させることで、ターゲット表面でのレーザー強度密度を10J/cm2とした。次に、出力8kW、約2秒間パルスアニーリング処理(熱処理温度500~800 ℃程度)を行って、Nd-Fe-B系アモルファス相を結晶化させた。その後、磁界7Tでパルス着磁を施して、希土類薄膜磁石を作製した。なお、膜厚評価にはマイクロメーターを使用し、組成分析にはEDXを用いた。
このようにして作製した希土類薄膜磁石について、VSMを用いて、磁気特性を評価した。図6に実施例2の希土類薄膜磁石のM-H特性を示す。図6に示す通り、残留磁化は0.99T程度、保磁力は386kA/m、(BH)maxは91 kJ/m3と良好な結果が得られた。次に、熱処理後の希土類薄膜についてTEMを用いて組織を観察した。実施例1と同様の方法を用いて結晶粒径を測定した結果、α-Fe相の平均結晶粒径は約16nm、Nd2Fe14B相の平均結晶粒径は約14nmであった。
純度が99.9%(3N)、相対密度が99%のNd2.6Fe14Bターゲットをパルスレーザーデポジション装置に装着し、チャンバー内を真空に排気した。次に、10-5Paの真空度に到達したことを確認した後、約6.5rpmで回転させたターゲットに繰り返し周波数30HzのNd:YAGレーザー(発振波長:355nm)を照射し、ターゲット物質をアブレーションして、Ta基板上にNd-Fe-B系アモルファス膜を厚さ10μm以上で成膜した。このときターゲットと基板との距離を10mm、レーザー強度を4Wとし、レーザービームを集光レンズを通してターゲット表面に集光させることで、ターゲット表面でのレーザー強度密度を10J/cm2とした。次に、出力8kW、約2秒間パルスアニーリング処理(熱処理温度500~800 ℃程度)を行って、Nd-Fe-B系アモルファス相を結晶化させた。その後、磁界7Tでパルス着磁を施して、希土類薄膜磁石を作製した。なお、膜厚評価にはマイクロメーターを使用し、組成分析にはEDXを用いた。
このようにして作製した希土類薄膜磁石について、VSMを用いて、磁気特性を評価した。図7に実施例3の希土類薄膜磁石のM-H特性を示す。図7に示す通り、残留磁化は1.05T程度、保磁力は446kA/m、(BH)maxは128 kJ/m3と良好な結果が得られた。次に、熱処理後の希土類薄膜についてTEMを用いて組織を観察した。実施例1と同様の方法を用いて結晶粒径を測定した結果、α-Fe相の平均結晶粒径は約18nm、Nd2Fe14B相の平均結晶粒径は約15nmであった。
純度が99.9%(3N)、相対密度が99%のNd1.4Fe14Bターゲットをパルスレーザーデポジション装置に装着し、チャンバー内を真空に排気した。次に、10-5Paの真空度に到達したことを確認した後、約6.5rpmで回転させたターゲットに繰り返し周波数30HzのNd:YAGレーザー(発振波長:355nm)を照射し、ターゲット物質をアブレーションして、Ta基板上にNd-Fe-B系アモルファス膜を厚さ10μm以上で成膜した。このときターゲットと基板との距離を10mm、レーザー強度を4Wとし、レーザービームを集光レンズを通してターゲット表面に集光させることで、ターゲット表面でのレーザー強度密度を1J/cm2とした。次に、出力8kW、約2秒間パルスアニーリング処理(熱処理温度500~800 ℃程度)を行って、Nd-Fe-B系アモルファス相を結晶化させた。その後、磁界7Tでパルス着磁を施して、希土類薄膜磁石を作製した。なお、膜厚評価にはマイクロメーターを使用し、組成分析にはEDXを用いた。
このようにして作製した希土類薄膜磁石について、VSMを用いて、磁気特性を評価した。その結果、残留磁化は0.8T程度、保磁力は300kA/m、(BH)maxは最大60 kJ/m3と実施例と比べて劣る結果となった。次に、熱処理後の希土類薄膜についてTEMを用いて組織を観察した。その結果、α-Fe相とNd2Fe14B相が数10 nm~100nmを超える範囲で分散した状態で存在する事を確認した。加えて、実施例1に比べ、ターゲットより放出されるドロプレットが著しく多く、表面平滑性ならびに密度の劣化などが生じる事も確認された。
純度が99.9%(3N)、相対密度が99%のNd2.6Fe14Bとα-Feを組み合わせた1枚のターゲットをパルスレーザーデポジション装置に装着し、チャンバー内を真空に排気した。次に、10-5Paの真空度に到達したことを確認した後、約6.5rpmで回転させたターゲットに繰り返し周波数30HzのNd:YAGレーザー(発振波長:355nm)を照射し、ターゲット物質をアブレーションして、Ta基板上にα-Fe相とNd-Fe-B系アモルファス相とからなるコンポジット膜を厚さ10μm以上で成膜した。このときターゲットと基板との距離を10mm、レーザー強度を4Wとし、レーザービームを集光レンズを通してターゲット表面に集光させることで、ターゲット表面でのレーザー強度密度を1J/cm2程度とした。次に、出力8kW、約2秒間パルスアニーリング処理(熱処理温度500~800 ℃程度)を行って、Nd-Fe-B系アモルファス相を結晶化させた。その後、磁界7Tでパルス着磁を施して、希土類薄膜磁石を作製した。なお、膜厚評価にはマイクロメーターを使用し、組成分析にはEDXを用いた。
このようにして作製した希土類薄膜磁石について、VSMを用いて、磁気特性を評価した。その結果、残留磁化は0.9T、保磁力は400kA/m、(BH)maxは100kJ/m3と実施例1と比べ同程度であるものの、その角型性は実施例1に比べ著しく劣る事を確認した。加えて、実施例に比べ、ターゲットより放出されるドロプレットが著しく多く、表面平滑性ならびに密度の劣化などが生じる事も確認された。
Claims (7)
- Nd、Fe、Bを必須成分とする希土類薄膜磁石であって、α-Fe相とNd2Fe14B相とが三次元的に交互配列した組織からなり、各相の平均結晶粒径が10~30nmであることを特徴とする希土類薄膜磁石。
- 膜厚が5 μm以上であり、最大エネルギー積(BH)maxが90kJ/m3以上、130kJ/m3以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の希土類薄膜磁石。
- NdxFe14B(但し、Xは1.8~2.7を満たす数)からなることを特徴とする希土類薄膜磁石形成用ターゲット。
- Nd、Fe、Bを必須成分とし、α-Fe相とNd2Fe14B相とが三次元的に交互配列した組織からなり、各相の平均結晶粒径が10~30nmである希土類薄膜磁石を、パルスレーザーデポジション法によって形成するための請求項3記載の希土類薄膜磁石形成用ターゲット。
- 請求項3又は4に記載のターゲットを用いてパルスレーザーデポジション法により希土類薄膜を成膜する工程、成膜した希土類薄膜を熱処理して結晶化させる工程、結晶化した希土類薄膜を着磁して希土類薄膜磁石を作製する工程、とからなることを特徴とする希土類薄膜磁石の製造方法。
- 希土類薄膜を成膜する工程において、パルスレーザー強度密度を1~1000J/cm2とすることを特徴とする請求項5記載の希土類薄膜磁石の製造方法。
- 希土類薄膜を結晶化させる工程において、7~9kW、時間が1~5秒の条件で熱処理することを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載の希土類薄膜磁石の製造方法。
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JP5861246B2 (ja) | 2016-02-16 |
US11250976B2 (en) | 2022-02-15 |
JP2015230944A (ja) | 2015-12-21 |
TW201546295A (zh) | 2015-12-16 |
US20160343482A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
TWI628294B (zh) | 2018-07-01 |
KR20160096683A (ko) | 2016-08-16 |
KR101862959B1 (ko) | 2018-05-30 |
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