JPWO2012023617A1 - セラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法 - Google Patents
セラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2012023617A1 JPWO2012023617A1 JP2012529633A JP2012529633A JPWO2012023617A1 JP WO2012023617 A1 JPWO2012023617 A1 JP WO2012023617A1 JP 2012529633 A JP2012529633 A JP 2012529633A JP 2012529633 A JP2012529633 A JP 2012529633A JP WO2012023617 A1 JPWO2012023617 A1 JP WO2012023617A1
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pore former
- honeycomb structure
- ceramic honeycomb
- molded body
- drying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
セラミックス原料粉末、バインダー、造孔材及び水を含む坏土を得る工程、前記坏土を押出してハニカム状の成形体を得る工程、及び前記成形体を乾燥及び焼成する工程を有し、
前記造孔材は、40〜110℃の融点を有し、前記坏土中において固形であり、前記乾燥工程において溶融し25%以上が前記成形体から除去されることを特徴とする。
本発明の製造方法は、多孔質の隔壁で仕切られた多数の流路を有し、前記隔壁が厚さ0.17〜0.45 mm及び気孔率40%以上であるセラミックハニカム構造体を製造する方法であって、セラミックス原料粉末、バインダー、造孔材及び水を含む坏土を得る工程、前記坏土を押出してハニカム状の成形体を得る工程、及び前記成形体を乾燥及び焼成する工程を有し、前記造孔材は、40〜110℃の融点を有し、前記坏土中において固形であり、前記乾燥工程において溶融し25%以上が前記成形体から除去されることを特徴とする。
造孔材は坏土中において固形状を保っている必要がある。坏土の混練時及び成形時の温度は通常30℃程度以下に抑えられるので、造孔材は40℃以上の融点を有するものを用いる。また造孔材は、坏土中で溶解しないように、水及び使用する有機バインダーに対して難溶であるのが好ましい。造孔材が固形であることにより、造孔材は押出成形体中でその形状が維持された状態で存在し、40%以上の高い気孔率を有する多孔体の形成に貢献できる。
ハニカム状の成形体の乾燥は、前記成形体にマイクロ波及び/又は熱風を作用させて行うのが好ましい。マイクロ波及び/又は熱風により、ハニカム成形体全体が一様に加熱され、隔壁中の造孔材の全て又は一部が溶融し、前記隔壁から前記造孔材を容易に溶出させることができる。熱風は、ハニカム成形体の流路を通過するように供給するのが好ましい。なお、乾燥において、マイクロ波のみを作用させてもよく、マイクロ波と熱風とを同時に、又はそれぞれを任意の時間で両者を順に作用させても良い。
可塑化された杯土は、例えば、シリカ粒子、タルク粒子、カオリン粒子、アルミナ粒子等からなるコーディエライト化原料に、前記40〜110℃の融点を有する造孔材、バインダー等を加え、ヘンシェルミキサー等の粉砕メディアを使用しない方法により混合し、水を加えニーダー等の過剰なせん断を加えない方法により混練を行って作製する。粉砕メディアを使用しない方法により混合を行うことにより、シリカ粒子(特に非晶質シリカ粒子)及び造孔材が混合過程で粉砕されるのを防ぎ、所望の粒度分布及び粒子形状を有するシリカ粒子及び造孔材を、押出後の成形体にそのまま存在させることができ、圧力損失特性とPMの捕集効率とを両立したセラミックハニカムフィルタを得ることができる。
本発明の方法によって製造されるセラミックハニカム構造体は、多孔質の隔壁で仕切られた多数の流路を有し、前記隔壁が厚さ0.17〜0.45 mm及び気孔率40%以上である。このようなセラミックハニカム構造体を用いて製造されるセラミックハニカムフィルタは、圧力損失が低い。隔壁の厚さが0.17 mm未満の場合、隔壁の強度が低下する。一方、隔壁の厚さが0.45 mmを超えると圧力損失が増加する。隔壁の厚さは、好ましくは0.2〜0.35 mmである。また、隔壁の気孔率が70%を超えると、強度が維持できなくなるとともに、PM捕集性能が低下する。隔壁の気孔率は、好ましくは65%以下、さらに好ましくは45〜60%である。
カオリン、タルク、シリカ及びアルミナの粉末を配合し、化学組成が51質量%のSiO2、35質量%のAl2O3及び14質量%のMgOとなるコーディエライト化原料粉末を得た。このコーディエライト化原料粉末に対して、8質量%のメチルセルロース、潤滑剤、及び表1に示す種類、融点、メジアン径及び[(D90-D10)/D50]を有する粉末状の造孔材を表1に記載の添加量で添加し、乾式で十分混合した後、水を加えて混練し、可塑化したセラミック坏土を作製した。このセラミック坏土を押出し成形し、所定長さに切断し、ハニカム構造を有する成形体を得た。
造孔材を表1に示すように変更し、乾燥条件を下記のように変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例2〜4、10〜16及び比較例1〜6のセラミックスハニカム構造体を作製した。
造孔材及び乾燥条件を表1に示すように変更し、さらに成形体を乾燥した後に残存した造孔材を下記のように遠心分離により除去した以外は実施例1と同様にしてセラミックスハニカム構造体を作製した。
成形体の乾燥後に、吐出圧力0.3 MPaのエアにて成形体の流路をブローし、隔壁表面に付着したまま残留している造孔材を成形体から除去した以外は実施例2及び5〜7と同様にして、それぞれ実施例17〜20のセラミックハニカム構造体を作製した。エアブローによって除去した造孔材量は、エアブロー前の成形体質量(c)からエアブロー後の成形体質量(d)を引くことによって求めた。すなわち、これらの実施例における造孔材の除去率は、式[{(a+c-d)/b}×100] (%)によって算出した。ここで、a及びbは、実施例1と同様であり、それぞれ乾燥時に回収した造孔材量、及び添加した造孔材量を表す。
隔壁の気孔率は水銀圧入法により測定した。まずセラミックハニカムフィルタから切り出した試験片(10 mm×10 mm×10 mm)を、Micromeritics社製オートポアIIIの測定セル内に収納し、セル内を減圧した後、水銀を導入して加圧し、加圧時の圧力と試験片内に存在する細孔中に押し込まれた水銀の体積との関係を求めた。前記圧力と体積との関係から細孔径と累積細孔容積との関係を求めた。水銀を導入する圧力は0.5 psi(0.35×10-3 kg/mm2)とし、圧力から細孔径を算出する際の常数は、接触角=130°及び表面張力=484 dyne/cmの値を使用した。気孔率は、全細孔容積の測定値から、コーディエライトの真比重を2.52g/cm3として、計算によって求めた。
前記水銀圧入方により求めた細孔径と累積細孔容積との関係から、累積細孔容積が50%となる細孔径を細孔のメジアン径とした。
ダルシーの透過定数は、Perm Automated Porometer(登録商標)6.0版(ポーラスマテリアルズ社)を使用し、エア流量を30 cc/secから400 cc/secまで増加させながら測定した通気度の最大値とした。
各実施例及び比較例において、連続してセラミックハニカム構造体を100個作製し、そのうち割れが発生した個数の割合を割れ発生率とした。
Claims (6)
- 多孔質の隔壁で仕切られた多数の流路を有し、前記隔壁が厚さ0.17〜0.45 mm及び気孔率40%以上であるセラミックハニカム構造体を製造する方法であって、
セラミックス原料粉末、バインダー、造孔材及び水を含む坏土を得る工程、前記坏土を押出してハニカム状の成形体を得る工程、及び前記成形体を乾燥及び焼成する工程を有し、
前記造孔材は、40〜110℃の融点を有し、前記坏土中において固形であり、前記乾燥工程において溶融し添加量の25%以上が前記成形体から除去されることを特徴とするセラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載のセラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法において、前記造孔材が、粉末状の多価アルコール脂肪酸エステルであることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1又は2に記載のセラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法において、前記造孔材は、メジアン径D50が10〜200μm、及び式:(D90-D10)/D50 [ただし、D10及びD90は、それぞれ粒子の累積体積(特定の粒子径以下の粒子体積を累積した値)が全体積の10%及び90%に相当する粒子径を表す。] の値が1〜1.5であり、前記セラミックス原料粉末に対して、6質量%を超え30質量%以下添加することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のセラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法において、前記乾燥工程が、前記成形体にマイクロ波及び/又は熱風を作用させるものであることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のセラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法において、前記乾燥工程において溶融した造孔材をエアブローで除去することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のセラミックハニカム構造体の製造方法において、前記乾燥中又は前記乾燥後に、前記成形体に遠心力を作用させて前記溶融した造孔材を除去することを特徴とする方法。
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