JPWO2010101223A1 - 排気ガス浄化触媒及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
排気ガス浄化触媒及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2010101223A1 JPWO2010101223A1 JP2011502804A JP2011502804A JPWO2010101223A1 JP WO2010101223 A1 JPWO2010101223 A1 JP WO2010101223A1 JP 2011502804 A JP2011502804 A JP 2011502804A JP 2011502804 A JP2011502804 A JP 2011502804A JP WO2010101223 A1 JPWO2010101223 A1 JP WO2010101223A1
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- compound
- catalyst
- noble metal
- exhaust gas
- metal particles
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 264
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 432
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 105
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 43
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 85
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 67
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 30
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- ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N jdtic Chemical compound C1([C@]2(C)CCN(C[C@@H]2C)C[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]2NCC3=CC(O)=CC=C3C2)=CC=CC(O)=C1 ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N 0.000 description 20
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 16
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
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- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
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- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZKBVRDEOITLRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-[4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[2-(1h-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)ethynyl]benzamide Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CC(C(=C1)C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C(C#CC=2C=C3C=NNC3=NC=2)=C1 TZKBVRDEOITLRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001350 scanning transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/656—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/6562—Manganese
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/894—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
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Abstract
Description
図1では、本発明の実施形態に係る排気ガス浄化触媒(以下、触媒ともいう。)1を示す。排気ガス浄化触媒1は、図1(a)に示すように、複数のセル2aを有するハニカム担体(耐火性無機担体)2を備えている。排気ガスは、排気ガス流通方向Fに沿って各セル2a内を流通し、そこで触媒層と接触することにより浄化される。
(1)触媒粉末のTEM−EDX分析又はHAADF−STEM分析、
(2)画像からの第1の化合物及び第2の化合物の輪郭抽出、
(3)抽出した輪郭を基に表面積から円近似及び中心点を設定、
(4)最近接中心点の検索と距離測定、
の手順で行うことができる。なお、上記距離測定方法はこのような方法に限られず、他の方法であっても客観的かつ再現性が得られる方法であれば良い。
触媒粉末をエポキシ樹脂にて包埋処理し、硬化後、ウルトラミクロトームにより超薄切片を作成する。その切片を用いて、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)又はHAADF−STEM(High−Angle Annular Dark−Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy)により触媒粉末を観察し、第1の化合物及び第2の化合物、更には第3の化合物の判別を行う。具体例として、TEM−EDXを用いた場合の分析条件を説明すると、まず、得られた映像の中でコントラスト(影)の部分に焦点を当て、その部分の元素種を分析して求め、その元素を含む化合物粒子を特定する。
上記(1)の分析で得られた像より第1の化合物及び第2の化合物の輪郭を抽出する。抽出方法は画像処理ソフトを用い、コントラストにより自動で抽出しても良い。また、画像をOHPシートなどに写し取って、手動で抽出しても良い。
これら(3)及び(4)の手順については、いずれも市販の画像処理ソフトにより行うことができる。つまり、抽出した輪郭により第1の化合物及び第2の化合物の面積を算出し、その面積と同じ面積を円を仮定する。そして、特定の第1の化合物に最も近接している第2の化合物を検索し、それぞれの円の中心距離を測定することにより、粒子間距離を求めることができる。
次に、本発明の排気ガス浄化触媒の製造方法について説明する。本発明の排気ガス浄化触媒は、貴金属粒子と第1の化合物と第2の化合物と、更には必要に応じて第3の化合物とを予め用意する。そして、この貴金属粒子を第1の化合物に担持する工程と、貴金属粒子を担持した第1の化合物及び第2の化合物を混合する工程により、触媒粉末を得ることができる。さらに前記触媒が第3の化合物を含む場合には、貴金属粒子を担持した第1の化合物及び第2の化合物を混合した後、更に第3の化合物を加えて混合し触媒粉末を得る。
比表面積が約70m2/gの第1の化合物粉末に、担持濃度が1.0wt%となるように硝酸ロジウム溶液を含浸した。これを150℃で一昼夜乾燥後、400℃で1時間焼成して、ロジウム担持濃度が1.0wt%の第1の化合物を得た。そして、このロジウムを担持した第1の化合物を粉砕し、表1中に記載の平均粒子径(D50)とした。なお、この平均粒子径の測定には、株式会社堀場製作所製レーザ回折/散乱式粒度分布測定装置LA−920を用いた。
実施例2は、実施例1における第1の化合物粉末中のRh担持濃度を1.4wt%とした。さらに、第1の化合物粉末及び第2の化合物粉末の合計量と、第3の化合物(Al2O3)との重量比を50:50にした。また、第1の化合物及び第2の化合物の材料組成を、表1中の記載のとおりとした。これ以外は、実施例1と同様である。この実施例2の触媒は、第2の化合物中にイットリウム(Y)を、当該第2の化合物の耐熱性を向上させる目的で含有させている。
実施例3〜12は、実施例1における第1の化合物及び第2の化合物の材料組成と、二次粒径を表1中の記載のとおりとした以外は、実施例1と同様である。実施例7の触媒は第2の化合物中にネオジム(Nd)を、実施例12の触媒は第2の化合物中にイットリウム(Y)を、それぞれ当該第2の化合物の耐熱性を向上させる目的で含有させている。
実施例13は、第1の化合物に一次粒径が21nm、第2の化合物に一次粒径が65nmの複合酸化物コロイドをそれぞれ用い、第1の化合物のみにロジウムを担持させた。そして、ロジウムを担持させた第1の化合物の粉砕工程を省略して、第1の化合物及び第2の化合物と、前駆体スラリとを混合した以外は、実施例1と同様である。
実施例14は、実施例1における触媒スラリの調製の際の、第3の化合物の前駆体としてのベーマイトスラリに代えて市販のシリカゾルを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様である。二次粒径などは、表1中に記載の値とした。
比較例1は、OSC材を触媒粉末中ではなく、モノリス担体に形成された触媒層中に含む例である。
比較例2は、第1の化合物と第2の化合物とを第3の化合物で同時に覆うのではなく、別々に覆った例である。なお、比較例2の触媒の分散度は、第1の化合物を第3の化合物で包接した粉末の値である。
比較例3は、第2の化合物を有しておらず、貴金属粒子が酸素吸蔵能を有する第1の化合物に担持されている例である。
実施例15〜18は、実施例1における、予め用意したPtを含む触媒層を有する触媒担体に次の処理を行って、Ptを含む触媒層中にBaを含有させた。つまり、Ptがコートされた触媒担体を、純水と酢酸バリウム水溶液(濃度40wt%)とを混合した溶液中に一定時間浸漬した後に水分を留去し、400℃で1時間乾燥させた。これにより、Pt及びBaを含む触媒層を有する触媒担体を調製した。 それ以外の工程は、実施例1と同様である。
これらの実施例及び比較例のうち、実施例1〜14及び比較例1〜3については、耐久処理を施した後、NOx転化率を調べた。この耐久処理の方法は、排気量3500ccのガソリンエンジンの排気系に触媒を装着し、触媒入口温度を800℃とし、50時間運転したものである。使用燃料には無鉛ガソリンを使用した。また、NOx転化率は、排気量3500ccのガソリンエンジンの排気系に触媒を装着し、触媒入口温度を400℃として、数式(3)に従いNOx転化率を測定した。
次に、表2に示す実施例15〜18の触媒を用い、リーンバーンエンジンへの触媒の適用を想定して、リーン雰囲気からリッチ雰囲気まで変動する条件下での浄化性能について評価を行った。
5 触媒粉末
6 貴金属粒子
7 第1の化合物
9 第2の化合物
10 第3の化合物
10a 細孔
Claims (14)
- 貴金属粒子と、前記貴金属粒子を担持する第1の化合物と、前記貴金属粒子と非接触に配設され、酸素吸蔵能を有する第2の化合物とを含有し、
前記第1の化合物と前記第2の化合物との間の平均距離が5nm〜300nmであることを特徴とする排気ガス浄化触媒。 - 前記貴金属粒子と接触した前記第1の化合物及び第2の化合物を共に包接し、前記第1の化合物及び第2の化合物を互いに隔てる第3の化合物を更に含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の排気ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記第1の化合物中に含有される酸素吸蔵材の量と、前記第2の化合物中に含有される酸素吸蔵材の量との比が、次の数式(1)
- 前記第1の化合物の平均二次粒子径が300nm以下であり、かつ、前記第2の化合物の平均二次粒子径が1000nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の排気ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記貴金属粒子、第1の化合物及び第2の化合物を含有する触媒粉末の平均粒子径は、6μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の排気ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記貴金属粒子がロジウムであり、前記第1の化合物がジルコニウムを含む酸化物であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の排気ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記第2の化合物に含有され、酸素吸蔵能を有する酸素吸蔵材は、セリウム及びプラセオジムの少なくともいずれか一方を含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の排気ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記第3の化合物は、アルミニウム及びケイ素の少なくともいずれか一方を含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の排気ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記貴金属粒子、第1の化合物及び第2の化合物を含有する触媒粉末中における第1の化合物及び第2の化合物の分散度は、40%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の排気ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記第1の化合物及び第2の化合物の少なくともいずれか一方は、鉄、マンガン、コバルト及びニッケルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む酸化物であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至9のいずれか一項に記載の排気ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記第1の化合物及び第2の化合物の少なくともいずれか一方は、バリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、ストロンチウム及びナトリウムからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至10のいずれか一項に記載の排気ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記貴金属粒子、第1の化合物及び第2の化合物を含有する触媒粉末が、耐火性無機担体に塗布されてなることを特徴とする請求項1乃至11のいずれか一項に記載の排気ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記耐火性無機担体に形成され、前記触媒粉末を含む触媒層が、成分組成の異なる複数層からなることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の排気ガス浄化触媒。
- 請求項2乃至11のいずれか一項に記載の排気ガス浄化触媒の製造方法において、
前記第1の化合物及び第2の化合物を個別に又は一体的に粉砕する工程と、
粉砕された前記第1の化合物及び第2の化合物を、前記第3の化合物の前駆体により同時に包接する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする排気ガス浄化触媒の製造方法。
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BRPI1011478A2 (pt) | 2016-03-22 |
WO2010101223A1 (ja) | 2010-09-10 |
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RU2477176C1 (ru) | 2013-03-10 |
US20120053050A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
EP2404668A1 (en) | 2012-01-11 |
US8486853B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 |
CN102341172A (zh) | 2012-02-01 |
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BRPI1011478B1 (pt) | 2018-01-30 |
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